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Names of the team members :
With reference to the documents, explain why the Medieval church is regarded as an all-inclusive church.
Goal : planning an essay the OIB style.
Team activityo Team of two students
Method :1) Breaking the question
Read the question carefully. Identify and analyze the command word and the key words. Do exactly what is asked by the command word.
2) Study each document and identify the link between the document and the question. What do I learn with this document in relation to the topic? Underline the key words / expressions in the text. Circle or highline key elements on the iconographic documents. Write key words – key ideas with your own words.
3) Propose three main ideas based on your documents’ analysis. At this stage, you have to sum up the information gathered from the document. You are building the basic structure of your essay. Be sure to propose ideas and not examples. Your idea can take the form of a sentence or of a title.
4) For each of your ideas, propose a list of examples to support it. Be sure to have 2 or 3 examples on which you can actually elaborate.
5) Provide linkage between your different paragraphs. Write a sentence or two concluding the first idea and anticipating the next.
Presentation of your work
Key idea n°1 :
Argument n°1 ExamplesArgument n°2 ExamplesArgument n°3 ExamplesLinking sentence between key idea n°1 and key idea n°2Key idea n°2:
Argument n°1 ExamplesArgument n°2 ExamplesArgument n°3 ExamplesLinking sentence between key idea n°2 and key idea n°3Key idea n°3 :
Argument n°1 ExamplesArgument n°2 ExamplesArgument n°3 Examples
Idea n°1Armorial de Guillaume de Revel – XVe siècle« La seigneurie de Cautrenon, Auvergne »
Extract from the « statuts synodaux du diocèse de Cambrai », around 1245
« Les cimetières doivent être tenus propres et fermés pour ne pas être salis par les porcs ou par d’autres animaux. Il faut excommunier ceux qui auront construit de nouvelles bâtisses dans les cimetières. Nous interdisons la tenue de plaids séculiers dans le cimetière. Dans le cimetière, surtout à l’heure de la messe, il ne faut pas se livrer au commerce. De la même manière, les mimes, bouffons, histrions, acrobates ne doivent pas exercer leurs jeux et amusements dans l’Eglise ou dans le cimetière. »
Extract from Judith Kidd, Linda Richards, “Power and the people 1066-1485” – Heinemann 2002.
Fountains Abbey is near Ripon in North Yorkshire. It was the most powerful Cistercian monastery in the North of England. The monastery is set in the Skell valley for protection from the weather and is surrounded by fertile farming land, the river Skell and various streams coming down from the hillside. It was founded in 1132 by a group of monk who had left Sta Maryés Benedictine Abbey in York. Fountains Abbey, like most monasteries gradually added new buildings over the centuries.
Picture of the nave of the Wells Cathedral in Somerset
Idea n°2Christian calendar Extract from, Hausbuch der Mendelschen
Zwölfbrüderstiftung, Band 1. Nürnberg 1426.
Extract from a handbook for medieval clergy, 1380
“The priest should ask the peasants whether they have cheated by no paying their full tithes to the Church, whether they have been obedient to their lord; whether they have broken into a neighbour’s land with their plough or animal.”
Extract from the ( statuts synodaux du diocèse de Cambrai », around 1245« Que les prêtres interdisent à leurs fidèles d’échanger le consentement de mariage sinon en présence du prêtre de l’un d’entre eux, dans un lieu fréquenté et public, et devant tous… Que soient excommuniés et dénoncés comme tels ceux qui contractent des mariages clandestins et que soit aussi dénoncé comme excommuniée le prêtre qui célèbre de tels mariages. »
Extreme Unction Baptism
Idea n°3Extract form The history of the English Church and People by the Venerable Bede in 731.“The side to our left was dreadful with burning flames, while the opposite side was equally horrible with raging hail and bitter snow blowing in all directions. Both sides were filled with men’s souls, which seemed to be hurled from one side to the other by the fury of the tempest. For when the wretches could no longer bear the terrible heat they leapt into the heart of the terrible cold. My guide said “This is not hell as you imagine.” He led me to a terrible scene. I saw a group of wicked spirits dragging with them five human souls howling and wailing into the depths of darkness while the devils laughed.”
Reliquary of Thomas Becketand its containt – 1190“An ornately decorated gold case, filled with the bones of a human finger, a nail, some small splinters of wood, some loose teeth, finger nails or pieces of hair, a fragment of ancient material.”
Pilgrims travelling to the shrine of the archbishop Thomas Becket in the cathedral of Canterbury, England - about 1400.
Stained-glass windows of Saint-Etienne’s cathedral
Entries from visitation rolls from the courts of Morality 1292-1328“Elias, a church clerk, keeps a certain Agatha in his house for immoral purposes. He is to be flogged three times around his church.The vicar of Aldington and Smeeth quarrelled with his parishioners on Sundays and holy days and does not know how to carry on a discussion without flying into a great rage. Also grazes his horses in the churchyard and employs temporary chaplains to do his work for him.In Wormleswould Juliana, wife of William the Baker, received into her house for here nights a sorcerer, who made a white circle in the house, with many other occult signs.”
Extract from “about the University of Cambridge ”http://www.cam.ac.uk/about-the-university/history/early-records“Within the town, or very close to it, there were a number of other religious institutions. There had been canons in the Church of St Giles below the castle before 1112, and the Convent of St Radegund had existed since 1135 on the site which eventually became Jesus College. There were also two hospitals, one reserved for lepers at Stourbridge, and a second, founded for paupers and dedicated to St John. By 1200, Cambridge was a thriving commercial community which was also a county town and had at least one school of some distinction. Then, in 1209, scholars taking refuge from hostile townsmen in Oxford migrated to Cambridge and settled there. “
Extract fro Medieval England 1042-1228 – Henemann“When Archbishop Hubert of Canterbury died in 1205, the monks secretly elected one of their own number as his successor. King John and the English bishops refused to accept their election, and appointed John's favorite - John de Gray in his place. Pope Innocent III refused to accept either candidate. Instead, he arranged in 1207 the election of his own friend Stephen Langton. John was furious at this attempt to undermine his control of the English church. He expelled the monks of Canterbury and refused to allow Langton in the kingdom. Pope Innocent responded by placing England under Interdict (1208). The interdict suspended Christian services and the administration of sacraments (except baptism, confession, and last rites); the dead were denied Christian burial.”
Extract fromCesaire de Heisterbacb, Dialogues des miracles”.« Un usurier de Liège mourut, à notre époque. L’évêque le fit expulser du cimetière. Sa femme se rendit auprès du siège apostolique pour implorer qu’il fût enterré en terre sainte. Le pape refusa. Elle plaida alors pour son épouse. Cédant aux prières des cardinaux, le pape fit rendre le mort au cimetière. »