Nancy BayleyNancy Bayley

1899 - 1994

History & ZeitgeistHistory & Zeitgeist

Zeitgeist: Nancy BayleyZeitgeist: Nancy Bayley►September 28, 1899September 28, 1899-- Nancy Bayley

born 1916-- Congress 1917-- Picketing for suffrage 1920-- 19th Amendment; League of

Women Voters

Zeitgeist: Nancy BayleyZeitgeist: Nancy Bayley

► 1922-- B.S. University of Washington1922-- B.S. University of Washington 1923-- Equal Rights Amendment proposed

► 1924-- M.S. in psychology University of 1924-- M.S. in psychology University of WashingtonWashington 1925-- First woman governor

► 1926-- Ph.D., University of Iowa & 1926-- Ph.D., University of Iowa & Instructor, University of WyomingInstructor, University of Wyoming 1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet

Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s CareerCareer

►1933-- First woman in U.S. cabinet►1941-1945-- WW II►1942-- Women in military►1954-- NIMH►1963-- Equal Pay Act►1963-- Feminist movement►1964-- Civil Rights Act

Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s Zeitgeist: Nancy Bayley’s CareerCareer

► 1966: Distinguished Scientific Contribution1966: Distinguished Scientific Contribution►1966-- NOW►1971-- APA Stanley Hall Award►1972-- Title IX►1972-- Equal Rights Amendment►1973-- Row v. Wade►1981-- Supreme Court► 1982-- APF Gold Medal1982-- APF Gold Medal►1993-- Attorney General►1993-- Sexual Harassment ► 1994-- Nancy Bayley Dies1994-- Nancy Bayley Dies

Professional Professional ObstaclesObstacles

Early 20th century for Early 20th century for women women

1903- Women’s 1903- Women’s Trade Union Trade Union LeagueLeague

1920- Woman 1920- Woman Suffrage, 19th Suffrage, 19th Amendment. Amendment.

1941-1945, WWII1941-1945, WWII

1964- Civil Rights 1964- Civil Rights ActAct

Nancy Bayley, Early onNancy Bayley, Early on

► Did not start school until she was 8Did not start school until she was 8

► Made up two years by age 10Made up two years by age 10

► Completed schooling quicklyCompleted schooling quickly

The 20th century for women in The 20th century for women in academia academia

Salary: Men > Women Salary: Men > Women across the boardacross the board

Major universities 1960: Major universities 1960: 6.6% women, 2.6% full 6.6% women, 2.6% full professorshipsprofessorships

Tenured positions: Men Tenured positions: Men > Women> Women

Women typically Women typically clustered at the lower clustered at the lower ranksranks

Women in academia, cont Women in academia, cont

Degrees earned, Degrees earned, slight + trend from slight + trend from 1900 to 19711900 to 1971

Employment status Employment status of PhD’s 1960-1973of PhD’s 1960-1973

Struggles, cont.Struggles, cont.

hugely successfulhugely successful

lived through a time of change for lived through a time of change for womenwomen

apparently unaffected apparently unaffected

awards, accomplishmentsawards, accomplishments

Experiments and Experiments and ResearchResearch

Berkeley Growth StudyBerkeley Growth Study

► Factors that do not influence IQFactors that do not influence IQ► HealthHealth► SexSex► Nursery school attendanceNursery school attendance► Birth orderBirth order► Only childOnly child► Divorced parentsDivorced parents► Shy childrenShy children

Berkeley Growth StudyBerkeley Growth Study

►Followed development through Followed development through adulthoodadulthood

►Mental growth stabilizes Mental growth stabilizes ≈ 4 years≈ 4 years

Bayley Scales of Infant Bayley Scales of Infant DevelopmentDevelopment

► Assesses development between 1 Assesses development between 1 month to 3.5 yearsmonth to 3.5 years

► Mental, Motor, and Behavior Rating Mental, Motor, and Behavior Rating ScalesScales

►Standard for infant assessmentStandard for infant assessment

►Standardization sample Standardization sample of 1400 infants of 1400 infants

Bayley Scales of Infant Bayley Scales of Infant DevelopmentDevelopment

►ReliabilityReliability First year .63-.93 split halfFirst year .63-.93 split half First year >.55 test-retestFirst year >.55 test-retest

►Good ValidityGood Validity

StrengthsStrengths and Weaknesses and Weaknesses

StrengthsStrengths

► Measurement & EthicsMeasurement & Ethics Naturalistic observation Naturalistic observation Did not rely on one testing sessionDid not rely on one testing session Concerned with welfare of participantsConcerned with welfare of participants

► Bayley scales can be used with Bayley scales can be used with Normal, High risk, and MR infantsNormal, High risk, and MR infants

WeaknessesWeaknesses

►No adult scales No adult scales

►Weak for lower preschool ageWeak for lower preschool age

► IQ not highly predictive before age 4IQ not highly predictive before age 4

InfluencesInfluences

Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development

►Predicting adult size from infant sizePredicting adult size from infant size Sex, height, skeletal age, & velocity of Sex, height, skeletal age, & velocity of

growthgrowth Accurate within 1-inchAccurate within 1-inch Height chart still in useHeight chart still in use

Motor & Mental DevelopmentMotor & Mental Development

►1940 - Rapid growth in infancy due to1940 - Rapid growth in infancy due to Nervous system growthNervous system growth Stronger musclesStronger muscles Change in body proportionsChange in body proportions

►These ideas were These ideas were proven in 1980’sproven in 1980’s

Bayley Scales of Bayley Scales of Infant DevelopmentInfant Development