Nano Guardian Data Sheet

NanoGuardian anti-kidnapping chip

NanoGuardian ChipThe Cutting Edge of Anti-kidnapping Nano-scale

TecnhologyNanoGuardian is a Digital-Angel/SARBE collaborativeenterprise. Digital Angel, 490 Villaume Avenue, South

St. Paul, MN 55075-2433

1 PRESENTATION

The NanoGuardian chip is the only Food and DrugAdministration (FDA)-approved human-implantableradio-frequency identification (RFID) and GPS-enabledtracking microchip based on nanotechnology. It ismarketed by Digital-Angel, formerly Applied DigitalSolutions, and it received United States FDA approvalin 2004. About half the length of a dime, the device istypically implanted between the shoulder and elbow areaof an individuals right arm. Once scanned at the properfrequency, the NanoGuardian responds with a unique 16digit number which could be then linked with informationabout the user held on a database for identity verification,medical records access and other uses. Furthermore,the NanoGuardian chip, is able to transmit, usingradiofrequencies normally allocated to GSM cellularnetworks, a distress signal that alerts about a kidnappingtaking place. This is possible due to the bio-sensors onboard the NanoGuardian chip. The insertion procedureis performed under local anesthetic in a physician’s office.

NanoGuardian is the state of the art aparatus forpersonal protection and monitoring, based on cuttingedge nano-scale technology. The NanoGuardian anti-kidnapping chip combines the advantages of a GPS(Global Positioning System) receiver with those of anewly depeloped interface between a radio frequency(”RF”) powered resonant electromechanical drive and thefluids in the interstitial space of a subject for continuousmonitoring of heart rythm and stress levels. The interfaceemploys a resonant electromechanical drive for mass

sensing and RF communication of stress and heart rythmdata.

This new interface represents the next evolution inthe development of an implantable sensor that relieson active RF technology to continuously monitor andtransmit in vivo stress levels over an extended period oftime. This new technology effectively implements thestress level RF sensing technology that is described inNanoGuardian’s previously issued Patent No. 7,125,382entitled ”Embedded Bio-Sensor System”.

In conjunction with partner RECEPTORS LLC (Re-ceptors), NanoGuardian is now in Phase II developmentof its implantable sensing microchip. The goal of PhaseII, which is expected to be completed in mid-2010, is tooptimize the sensing system for its stress response in thepresence of blood and interstitial fluid matrix componentsand demonstrate the integration of the components into astable and reproducible sensor.

The implantable sensing microchip consists of a RF-powered molecular sensor that uses a combination ofthe analyte binding surface chemistry developed by Re-ceptors and exclusively licensed to NanoGuardian forthis application, with Micro Electro Mechanical System(MEMS) technology and RF inductive powered sens-ing. The provisional patent covers the use of RF tech-nology to help sense and communicate changes in stress(i.e., temperature and heart rythm and chemistry of theblood) through an electromechanical drive-based wirelessmolecular sensor.

2 Anti-kidnapping Functionalities

While second generation RFID chips enabled an in-dividual’s identification when the chip was scanned,third generation chips, such as the NanoGuardiananti-kidnapping chip provides a complete set of function-alities that may prove essential to protect your life. TheNanoGuardian chip contains a Global Positioning System(GPS) receiver on-board, with which the chip is able todetermine your precise location at all times (wheneverthe GPS signal is not available, the chip records andtransmits your last known coordinates). Thus, the chip

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position data are transmited via the on-board antennaand radio frequency transmitter that uses GSM cellularnetwork frequencies. This information is delivered inreal time to our monitoring and tracking facilities, so thatthe NanoGuardian corporation can locate the chip andprovide immediate response if necessary.

In order to determine whether an individual carryingthe NanoGuardian anti-kidnapping chip is in a dangeroussituation, the chip contains two micro-sensors that collectand analyze data regarding the individual’s heart rate,temperature and blood pressure. The NanoGuardian chipcan therefore identify an individual’s stress responseand generate an alarm signal that is transmitted to themonitoring and tracking facilites for immediate attention.

Because of its small size and because theNanoGuardian anti-kidnapping Chip is placed underthe skin, it is very difficult for an aggressor to locate anddisable the chip. Even in the event that the NanoGuardianchip is located, the materials with which it is fabricated,and it’s small size makes the chip difficult to destroywith the bare hands, so the chip will remain transmittingthe position where it is discarded. Statistically, thepossibilities of locating an individual that has beenkidnapped double whenever the place of the attack isknown during the first hour of the attack. Thus, evenif the NanoGuardian chip has been apparently disabledduring the attack, it can still perform an important role inrecovering the individual unharmed.

3 Technical Specifications

NOTICE: Due to the nature of NanoGuardian’s services,for security reasons detailed technical data will not be dis-closed without prior security clearance. In case you re-quire such data please send your query in written form toNanoGuardian’s customer support offices.

• RFID tag operating frequency:134 kHz

• RFID tag type: continuously-illuminated.

• RFID static data: 16-digit number.

• Encryption algorithm of transmitted stream: cryptographicalgorithm A5/1 stream cipher, used for ensuring over-the-air voice privacy.

• Carrier frequency: GSM cellular network and non-disclosed frequencies, with Gaussian minimum-shift key-ing (GMSK) piggy-back modulation.

• Power source: Energy harvesting proprietary device, de-veloped by SARBE. It is designed to harvest both dynamicand electromagnetic energy and accumulate this energy inelectrochemical nano-cells.

• Dimensions: Length: 11mm Nominal Diameter: 3mm

• Interface transfer rate: 3kb/s

• Gyro-sensor: NGK Insulators, Ltd. model XV-3500CF

• Bio-sensors: pressure, temperature, heart rate.

• Operating life: 5 years

Figure 1:Encapsulated Nano Guardian Chip, 3rd Generation.



4 Frequently Asked Questions

• Q. Can NanoGuardian Chips be used in children?

The stress response monitoring capabilities ofNanoGuardian Chips are the result of extensiveresearch. Our data show that the stress response ofinfants is triggered by a number of factors that aresubstantially different to those of an adult. Currently,NanoGuardian Chips only allow the correct interpre-tation of an adult’s stress response. Therefore we donot recommend that NanoGuardian Chips be usedin children under 17 years of age, and we do not of-fer customer support to anybody under this age limit.

• Q. Where on the body is the Chip injected?

The NanoGuardian Chip is typically injected intothe flesh of the triceps of the arm between the elbowand the shoulder. In some cases the implant isinjected into the biceps muscle, between the elbowand wrist. The newer generation of NanoGuardianChips work better if they are located close to a mainartery because this facilitates the heart rythm andstress response monitoring functions. Also, ourdata suggests that it is more difficult for kidnappersto attempt to extract the NanoGuardian Chip ifit is not easily accesible in a few seconds time.Because of this our current recommendation is thatNanoGuardian chips be injected in a subject’s thigh.

• Q. What information is stored on the Chip?

At present, the NanoGuardian implant containsonly a unique 16-digit identification number. This

number is similar to a social security number or abar code number that can be used to look up a recordin a database where extra data is stored.

• Q. How is the NanoGuardian inserted into thebody?

Implantation is an outpatient procedure that typi-cally takes 15 minutes or less. People have beenimplanted in doctors’ offices, at convention booths,and even in European night clubs. The implantationsite, typically the arm or thigh, is first wiped withan alcohol swab and numbed with an injection of alocal anesthetic. When the area is numb, a 12-gauge,preloaded hypodermic syringe known as a cannulais inserted into the flesh and depressed, where itreleases the implant into the subcutaneous tissue.

• Q. Is the NanoGuardian Chip a passive device?

This is incorrect, a ”passive” RFID device does nothave a battery or other internal power source. Itderives its power from the signal sent by the readeror scanner that reads it. In contrast, a NanoGuardianChip is an ”active” RFID device with a power sourcethat enables it to send out its signal continuously, oron command, whether a reader is present or not.

• Q. What is the range of a NanoGuardian Chip?

The read range on a NanoGuardian implant is aboutthree to 12 inches when a hand-held scanner is used.This means the scanner must be brought within 3”to 12” of the chipped body part in order to read theNanoGuardian and capture its information. Whena larger antenna is used, such as a doorway portalapplication, the read range can be theoreticallyexpanded to around three feet. However, due to theon-board GSM transmitter, the NanoGuardian chipis capable of transmitting over cellular networks andthis enables the tracking of the chip wherever suchan infrastructure exists. Currently NanoGuardianchips can be tracked in 87% of the continentalterritory of the USA.


Documents

Nano Guardian Data Sheet