Nano Technology Cooling

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NANO TECHNOLOGYNANO TECHNOLOGYCOOLINGCOOLING


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ContentsContents

IntroductionIntroduction

NanotechnologyNanotechnology

Concepts of nanotechnologyConcepts of nanotechnology

Carbon nanotube science and technologyCarbon nanotube science and technology

Cooling processCooling process

Cool chipsCool chips

Present cooling methodsPresent cooling methods

AdvantagesAdvantages

ConclusionConclusion


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IntroductionIntroduction

Nanolighting can be used to cool futureNanolighting can be used to cool future

computerscomputers

Possible by using a classic corona windPossible by using a classic corona windeffecteffect

This is developed by the engineers in theThis is developed by the engineers in the

Purdue UniversityPurdue University


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Concepts of nanotechnologyConcepts of nanotechnology

1.1. Positional assemblyPositional assembly

2.2. Massive parallelismMassive parallelism

3.3. Convergent assemblyConvergent assembly


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Positional assemblyPositional assembly

--manipulating and positioning individual atomsmanipulating and positioning individual atomsand moleculesand molecules

Massive parallelismMassive parallelism

--lots of robotic arms are required tolots of robotic arms are required toassemble large molecular parts and this is madeassemble large molecular parts and this is made

possible by massive parallelismpossible by massive parallelism

Convergent assemblyConvergent assembly--vast number of small parts are assembled byvast number of small parts are assembled by

vast number of small robotic arms into largervast number of small robotic arms into larger

partsparts


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Carbon nanotube science andCarbon nanotube science and

technologytechnology

Carbon nanotubes are fullerene relatedCarbon nanotubes are fullerene related

structuresstructures

Consist of graphene cylinders closed at eitherConsist of graphene cylinders closed at either

end with caps containing pentagonal ringsend with caps containing pentagonal rings

Discovered by Japanese electron microscopistDiscovered by Japanese electron microscopist

Sumio IijimaSumio Iijima

Thomas Ebberson showed how nanotubes canThomas Ebberson showed how nanotubes can

be made in bulk quantitiesbe made in bulk quantities


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Single layer nanotubesSingle layer nanotubes

Synthesis of nanotubes was done in 1993Synthesis of nanotubes was done in 1993

Standard arcStandard arc--evaporation method produces onlyevaporation method produces only

multilayered tubesmultilayered tubes

By adding cobalt to graphite electrodes , extremelyBy adding cobalt to graphite electrodes , extremely

fine tubes with single layer walls can be producedfine tubes with single layer walls can be produced


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Alternate method of preparing singleAlternate method of preparing single--walledwalled

nanotubes was described by Smallys group innanotubes was described by Smallys group in

19961996

Similar to the method of preparing C60Similar to the method of preparing C60

Involves laser vaporization of graphiteInvolves laser vaporization of graphite

Resulted in high yield of singleResulted in high yield of single--walled tubeswalled tubes


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This tubes had a tendency to form aligned bundlesThis tubes had a tendency to form aligned bundles

These bundles are called nanotube ropesThese bundles are called nanotube ropes

Synthesis of nanotube ropes gave an important boostSynthesis of nanotube ropes gave an important boost

to nanotube researchto nanotube research


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Cooling processCooling process

micro scale ion driven air flowmicro scale ion driven air flow


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Voltage is passed into the electrodes, causingVoltage is passed into the electrodes, causing

the negatively charged nanotubes to dischargethe negatively charged nanotubes to discharge

electrons towards the positively chargedelectrons towards the positively charged

electrodeselectrodes

The electrons react with surrounding air ,The electrons react with surrounding air ,

causing the air molecules to be ionized just ascausing the air molecules to be ionized just as

electrons in the atmosphere ionizedelectrons in the atmosphere ionized


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This ionization of air leads to an imbalance ofThis ionization of air leads to an imbalance ofchargecharge

It will result in lightning boltsIt will result in lightning bolts

The ionized air molecules cause currentsThe ionized air molecules cause currents


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nano lightning processnano lightning process


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They are switching at the right frequency soThey are switching at the right frequency so

that the ion cloud is constantly movingthat the ion cloud is constantly movingforwardforward

While moving forward they make repeatedWhile moving forward they make repeated

collisions with neutral molecules producingcollisions with neutral molecules producing

the breezethe breeze


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pumping regionpumping region


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Contains electrodes made of many seriesContains electrodes made of many series

Each series contains three electrodesEach series contains three electrodes

The first in the series is the most positivelyThe first in the series is the most positively

followed by an electrode switchingfollowed by an electrode switching


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The voltages from one electrode to the nextThe voltages from one electrode to the next

causes the charges that has a less positivecauses the charges that has a less positivecharge and then a third electrode that ischarge and then a third electrode that is

negative to move forward which in turn movesnegative to move forward which in turn moves

the ion cloudsthe ion clouds

The entire design will be integrated into a chipThe entire design will be integrated into a chip

,that is 10mm by 10mm,that is 10mm by 10mm


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Cool chipsCool chips

Cool chips are compact electronic devicesCool chips are compact electronic devicessimilar in appearance with computer chipssimilar in appearance with computer chips

When electric current is applied , one side ofWhen electric current is applied , one side ofthe chip become hot and other become coldthe chip become hot and other become cold

cool chipscool chips


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Present cooling methodsPresent cooling methods

Large passive heat sinksLarge passive heat sinks

CPU cooling fansCPU cooling fans

PC water cooling systemPC water cooling system


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Large passive heat sinkLarge passive heat sink

Heat sinks are heavy pieces of aluminium withHeat sinks are heavy pieces of aluminium with

large fines or spikes on it .Heat sinks disburse the heat fromlarge fines or spikes on it .Heat sinks disburse the heat from

the CPU ,but they are the most rudimentary solutionthe CPU ,but they are the most rudimentary solutionavailable . While they are reliable they may not be effectiveavailable . While they are reliable they may not be effective

CPU cooling fansCPU cooling fansCooling fans are the most popular coolingCooling fans are the most popular cooling

method of processor cooling. Fans are more effective thanmethod of processor cooling. Fans are more effective thanheat sinksheat sinks

PC water cooling systemPC water cooling systemPC water cooling system is like radiators forPC water cooling system is like radiators for

computer cases.They have two draw backs

.computer cases

.They have two draw backs

.

1.1. They are quite expensiveThey are quite expensive

2.2. If they crack system is shotIf they crack system is shot


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AdvantagesAdvantages

The creation as well as cooling is allThe creation as well as cooling is all

happening on one chiphappening on one chip

If the method can be perfected , it willIf the method can be perfected , it will

introduce a major new cooling technology forintroduce a major new cooling technology forlaptop and desktop computers that are quietlaptop and desktop computers that are quiet

,low cost and reliable,low cost and reliable


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The ion driven cooling device represent a wayThe ion driven cooling device represent a way

to increase cooling capacity in laptops,to increase cooling capacity in laptops,meaning they could use higher performancemeaning they could use higher performance

chips that generate too much heat for currentchips that generate too much heat for current

laptopslaptops

More than one of the devices can be placed onMore than one of the devices can be placed on

a single chip, multiplying the degree of coolinga single chip, multiplying the degree of cooling


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Nano Technology Cooling