Nano Technology Development Introduction and its impact on

Sustainability and Safety-Health

Speaker: Mr. Dmitry Maznichenko, MASc

Pure Technologies Ltd. 3 February, 2016

Presentation Contents:

1. Pure Technologies Ltd. 2. Modern trends

i consumer iii energy iv structural, mechanical v environment, health

3. Nano in Nature i nature’s nanomachines ii biomimicry

4. Regulating impact i classification ii sustainability

5. Conclusions

Nano = 1 billionth of a metre = 10-6 mm = 10-5 thou

1. Pure Technologies Ltd.

1. Pure Technologies Ltd.

i. PipeDiverTM

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• What happens when infrastructure reaches the end of its design life span?

(www.puretechltd.com)

1. Pure Technologies Ltd.

i. Pure Technologies Ltd.

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• Assess, monitor and manage water and wastewater pipelines, bridges and structures, and oil and gas pipelines. – International operations – Assess & Address® – Engineering Services – Pipe inspection:

• leak detection, wall assessment, gas pocket detection, video

– Pipeline monitoring: • wire break, transient pressure

– Pipeline data management: • PureNET™

• Murphy’s Law…

(www.puretechltd.com)

2. Modern Trends

• General beliefs, expectations

– will solve all problems

– greater possibilities as a people

– doom

– something that is inevitable

– machines will run the world

– “I don’t know, and please don’t tell me”

2. Modern Trends

Perception of Nanotech

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• What is the difference in interacting with this technology?

– The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies

• Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, USA

• >1,800 nano products listed (yr. 2016)

– Inert objects to active and reactive

• any physical state

• surface, body, solution, etc.

• scale: invisible to buildings

2. Modern Trends

i. Consumer

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• Smart textiles

– anti-bacterial with silver NPs

• athletic clothing, bed and bath

linens, stuffed animals etc.

– conductive

• cyclical loading, conductive path recombination

2. Modern Trends

i. Consumer

USA Today, 2008

9 Kim et al., 2013 (University of Michigan - USA)

• How does electrical energy behave differently?

– quantum confinement

• band gap (Eg) increases

• some metals become semiconductors

• may lower charge recombination

• tune to be activated by specific EM wavelengths (i.e. energies) – may further modify interference, scattering, surface

plasmons, fluorescense

2. Modern Trends

ii. Energy

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2. Modern Trends

iii. Structural, Mechanical

• How can mechanical properties change? – Cement

• calcium-silicate-hydrate

• UHPC – silica fume or silica NPs

– Machines • MEMS, NEMS

• implants for humans

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Allen et al., 2007 (National Institute of Standards and Technology - USA)

RIGHT Shein et al., 2009 (Tel-Aviv University - Israel)

LEFT Subramanian et al., 2007 (ETH Zurich - Switzerland)

2. Modern Trends

iv. Environment, Health

• Fresh water – scarce, expensive, fought over

A. Filtration – nanoporous graphene

• blocks Na+ and Cl- ions

B. Treatment – photocatalytic degradation

• TiO2 molecular reduction/oxidation

– scavengers • organic (bacterial efflux pump) • inorganic (magnetic NPs)

Kapoor & Wendell, 2013 (University of Cincinnati - USA)

Cohen-Tanugi & Grossman, 2012 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology - USA)

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2. Modern Trends

v. Environment, Health

• Medicine – gold used since alchemic times

A. Therapeutic – cancer treatment

• specific drug delivery

• heating: NIR laser, magnetic field

– wound dressing

B. Diagnosis – molecular detection

• targeted, enhanced

Ghosh et al., 2008 (University of Massachusetts - USA)

13 Domenech et al., 2013 (University of Puerto Rico - USA)

3. Nano in Nature

3. Nano in Nature

i. Nature’s Nanomachines

• Flagellum

ca. 6,000 rpm

1,400 pN*nm torque

– clutch mechanism

– recall Eric Drexler

and atomic

machines

bearing dia. 20-30 nm

1 nm clearance

Blair et al., 2008 (Indiana University - USA) 15

3. Nano in Nature

ii. Biomimicry

• Plants

– Lotus leaf

• present in around 300 other plant species, butterflies and dragonflies too

• poor sensitivity to mechanical loads

• fingerprint fat cancels out super-hydrophobic

Cheng et al., 2006 (GM Research and Development Center - USA) 16

• Lizards

– Geckos

• lamellae, 1-2 mm long

• branches, 20-30 μm long, 1-2 μm dia.

• tips of spatulae, 200-300 nm, 10 nm thick

3. Nano in Nature

ii. Biomimicry

Bhushan, 2012 (Ohio State University - USA) 17

3. Nano in Nature

ii. Biomimicry

• Other stunning mimics – butterfly | color effect for anti-counterfeit

– water striders | hydrophobic feet

– dog’s nose | highly sensitive

– wood | battery swelling on ion recharge

– planthopper nymph | geared leg synchronization

– rose petal | sticky tape for water

– squid | switchable invisibility in water

– tactile perception | 760 nm long by 13 nm high

etc., etc.. 18

4. Regulating Impact

4. Regulating Impact

i. Classification

• Classification of nano – defining the size range – distribution – constituency – agglomeration – measurements and origins of the nanomaterial

• Naturally occurring by-products – generation of NPs at home

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Glover et al., 2011 (University of Oregon - USA)

“A natural or manufactured material in the size range of 1 to 100 nm with a median 50% constituency assuming a normal or log-normal

distribution”

4. Regulating Impact

i. Classification

• Complications – not time proven for environment and health (e.g. recycling) – impact of manufacturing and testing efficiency – uncertain/unexpected new by-products – developing world and ethics

• Current situation – USA

• ASTM E2996, E3001 • National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)

– Canada • Engineers Canada (formerly CCPE) • Health Canada

– European Union • works with ISO and REACH

– Japan • voluntary regulation

– stating product contains nano is optional

21 Horizon2020, 2013

4. Regulating Impact

ii. Sustainability

• Responsible Research and Innovation (EU) – The Woodrow Wilson Institute

(USA) • 2007, “Green Nanotechnology: It’s

Easier Than You Think” – green nano vs. nano-enhanced green

technologies

– green chemistry (pertaining hazardous substances)

– green engineering (design, distribution and use of processes and products)

– natural process (biomimetics, resource efficiency, minimum risk)

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Woodrow Wilson Institute, 2007

4. Regulating Impact

ii. Sustainability

• e.g. Nanotechnology gasoline (Nano Labs Corp., 2013)

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Hessian Ministry of Economy, Transport, Urban and Regional Development , 2008

(www.hessen-nanotech.de)

5. Conclusions

5. Conclusions

So what is nanotechnology?

• Advanced science and engineering

– may achieve new heights in technological ability

– many new social possibilities

– opportunities for job creation and economic stimulus

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5. Conclusions

So what is nanotechnology?

• Unknown risks cannot outweigh benefits

– regulation, careful experimentation and collaboration necessary

– cannot be just fun science

• We need nature

– nature’s technology is far superior to our most advanced knowledge to date

– easier to destroy than to build

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THANK YOU PEO Ottawa Chapter!

Questions and feedback welcome..

Contact info: Dmitry Maznichenko

ca.linkedin.com/in/nanome

dmaznic@puretechltd.com