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Nanotechnology Solutions for Energy
- Innovation and Sustainable Development with nanotechnology -
Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Solutions for EnergySolutions for Energy
-- Innovation and Sustainable Innovation and Sustainable Development with nanotechnology Development with nanotechnology --
Professor Rüdiger Iden
Polymer Research
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
Professor Rüdiger Iden
Polymer Research
BASF Aktiengesellschaft
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Definition Nanotechnology
We define nanoscience as the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale
and nanotechnologies as the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.
– [i] Nanoscience and nanotechnologies | July 2004; A Report by |The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering
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Change of Propertiesat the Nanometer Scale
Chemical reactivity is higher
Electronic properties depend on the exact size
Optical properties are changing (absorption, scattering)
Mechanical properties (hardness)
Transport properties (heat, current)
Bioavailability
...
Next to quantum effects surface properties are playing a major roledue to the increased surface-volume ratio at the nanometer scale
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Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years
1. ENERGY
2. WATER
3. FOOD
4. ENVIRONMENT
5. POVERTY
6. TERRORISM & WAR
7. DISEASE
8. EDUCATION
9. DEMOCRACY
10. POPULATION2003 6.5 Billion People2050 8-10 Billion People
Source: Prof. R.E. Smalley, „Our Enery Challange“, Colombia University, NYC, 23 September 2003
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Shortage of fossil fuelsIncrease of energy costs Import dependenceClimate change
The energy challengeSustainable Development with nanotechnology
Nanotechnology leads to sustainable developments
in new materials
Energy sources Energy storageEnergy conversion Energy conservation
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Nanotechnology in chemical productsfor conserving fossil resourcessustainable solutions
Household Transportation Home
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Nano-Research for energy systems
NanocubesHydrogen storage
NanostructureInsulation material
NanoparticleFuel additive
Novel catalyst technology for diesel fuels based on nanoparticlesImprovement in fuel economy and
reduction in particulate emissions
MOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasing the amountof stored gas per system volume
NanoparticleLithium-Ion-Battery Nanoparticle
Solarcells
> Dye Solarcells
> Organic solarcells
New design, new processes, eco-friendly, low productioncosts, not commercially available
Nanomaterials based separator for safety
Ultra high capacity with tailor made nanomaterialelectrodes
Decrease pore size of polymerfoams to around 100 nm
Use a process which is cost efficient and environmentally friendly
Cerium dioxidenanoparticle
coated 8 - 25 nm
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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions
NanostructureProblem
Architectural paints have insufficient dirt pick-up resistance and are formulated using organic solvents to achieve curing at ambient temperature
SolutionUsing nanocomposites(polymer and 10-20 nm silica particles) as paint binder
100 nm100 nm
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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions
Advantages
cominbation of high hardness and low film formation temperature
solvent-free formulations are possible
high water vapour permeability
high solvent resistance
high adhesion to mineral substrates
low dirt pick-up
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Energy conservationNanocomposite Dispersions
AND
No energy wasted for cleaning
Longer Durability, less repainting
Less Energy needed for production
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Energy storageNanocubes
ProblemNeed for low cost and low weight storage system
For hydrogen to be appliedin mobile FC applicationsor for gaseous energy carriers
SolutionMOF-nanocubes act as gas adsorbents increasingthe amount of stored gas per system volume
NanostructureNanostructure
20 20 µµmm
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Novel Materials –Metal-organic frameworks MOF
Superior performance in gas processing and gas storage
´́
MOF-materials (BASOCUBE™ ) allow triple amount higher gas uptake per volume and 100-times faster gas uptake
Gas-Uptake[gGas / Lsystem ]
Pressure [bar]
++ == ++ ++
BASOCUBE™
State-of-art
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Nanotechnology and EnergyWhy nanofoams?
Thermal conductivity: λtotal = λmatrix + λgas + λradiation
λtotal : EPS = 37 mW/m*K
λmatrix : EPS = 1.8 mW/m*K
λgas : EPS = 25.4 mW/m*K
λradiation : EPS = 9.8 mW/m*K
Typical commercial polymer foam
Target: Minimation of LAMBDA in nanoporous foams
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Thermal Insulation –Our Vision for Nanofoams
ΔT
„Bulk“ Diffusion Gas-Gas Collisions
„Knudsen Diffusion”Gas-Wall Collisions
ΔT
State-of-the-art The vision
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The Smart Energy Home Concept
Energy / ResourcesEnergy / Resources
• Thermal insulation
• Fuel cells/ batteries
• Efficient domesticappliances
• Phase changing materials
• Efficient lighting
• Photovoltaics
• Water and waste management
• Awareness enhancingtechnologies
• Domotics
• Smart materials
• Remote shopping
• Security
SmartnessSmartness
• Self cleaning surfaces
• Remotediagnostics - monitoring
• Sound insulation
• Sustainable consumerproducts
• Personalized nutrition
Health / comfortHealth / comfort
• Air quality
Lead Market Smart Energy Efficient Home
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What’s new in the SEHIntegration vs. fragmentation
Energy / resources
Health/ comfort Smartness
In summary the Smart Energy Home will provide
Partner platform to facilitate testing and scaling up
Demonstration platform to showcasing the importance of chemistry and material development for a sustainable future in Europe
Direct feedback from end users ‘living innovations’
Implementing results of leading FP projects in real life solutions for consumers
With the right support considerable
market uptake could be achieved within 3 to 5
years rather than 10 to 15 years
Much more than another prototype of the ‘house of the future’:
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The Smart Energy Home ConceptTriple C Concept
Develop a wide range of
NanoMaterialsAppliancesEquipment and integrated technologies
to create next generation efficiencies in areas such as energy use andconsumer convenience without extra CO2 emissions
Consumer driven resource Conservation enabled by Chemistry
The potential of technologies for the creation of world class markets
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4 Product categories for lead markets
Highly efficient next generation construction materials
Ultra efficient next generation appliances (in the widest sense) that have been validated for the required consumer acceptance by actual in home use
Service, know-how and licensing opportunities from integrating new power generation technologies within a house in a manner that is acceptable from a social, appearance, consumer use and economic perspective
Modular home building technologies applicable to both individual homes, but also to larger scale construction opportunities such as social housing and public buildings
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Building the Lead MarketSmart Energy Efficient Home
Harmonization of regulations, accelerate market development,
Public promotion, increase awarenessand SME support …
• stimulate research and market• speeding up market uptake• strengthen European competitiveness(Research & Industry)
• implementation of new eco-efficient production methods and facilitate nextgeneration high value-added products
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Visionary Project –Smart Plus Energy Home
New Nanomaterials for• Innovative energy
conversion, management and storage systems (fuel cells, thin film solar cells, small biorefineries, biogas, …)
• Photovoltaic, self cleaning facade paints
• White OLEDs for lighting
• thermal insulation (e.g. nanofoams)…
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The Strategic Research Approach -Lead Market Initiative
Home as self sufficient energy generators, e.g.:PhotovoltaicsBattery technology
Home as eco-efficient environment, e.g.:New washing processesSuperior insulation
Feeling at home in a healthy house, e.g.:Sustainable consumer productsHome health systems
We need an integrated funding effort to achieve this bold vision
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Summary & Outlook
Promising product properties can already be achieved using nanoscale materials
Future developments will be towards complex formulations and multifunctional materials for various energy applications
Nanotechnology helps us to satisfy customer expectations (costs, resources, savings …)
And is the key for sustainable development and innovation in the chemical industry and many downstream industries
If the gap between research and market can be closed