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Napoleon Forges Napoleon Forges an Empirean Empire23.323.3
Page 584Page 584
Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte
5ft, 3 inches tall5ft, 3 inches tall Recognized as one of Recognized as one of
the worldthe world’’s military s military geniuses along with geniuses along with Alexander and Julius Alexander and Julius CaesarCaesar
Sent to military school in Sent to military school in northern France at age 9northern France at age 9
1785, only 16 years old, 1785, only 16 years old, finished school and finished school and became a lieutenant in became a lieutenant in the armythe army
Hero of the HourHero of the Hour
When the Revolution broke out, Napoleon When the Revolution broke out, Napoleon joined the new governmentjoined the new government’’s armys army
Royalists stormed the National Convention, Royalists stormed the National Convention, and Napoleon received orders to greet those and Napoleon received orders to greet those protestors with fireprotestors with fire
Those attackers fled in panic and confusionThose attackers fled in panic and confusion Napoleon Bonaparte became the hero of the Napoleon Bonaparte became the hero of the
hour, and was hailed throughout Paris as the hour, and was hailed throughout Paris as the savior of the French Republicsavior of the French Republic
1796, the Directory (France1796, the Directory (France’’s new government) s new government) appoints Napoleon to lead an army against appoints Napoleon to lead an army against Austria and the kingdom of SardiniaAustria and the kingdom of Sardinia
NapoleonNapoleon’’s army won a series of battles in s army won a series of battles in Italy, crushing the threat of Austrian troops to Italy, crushing the threat of Austrian troops to FranceFrance
The newspapers praise NapoleonThe newspapers praise Napoleon’’s victoriess victories
Next, NapoleonNext, Napoleon’’s army moved on to Egypt to s army moved on to Egypt to disrupt trade between Britain and Indiadisrupt trade between Britain and India
NapoleonNapoleon’’s series of defeats would end, and s series of defeats would end, and his luck ran outhis luck ran out
His French troops were defeated by British His French troops were defeated by British admiral Horatio Nelsonadmiral Horatio Nelson
Napoleon was able to keep this defeat from the Napoleon was able to keep this defeat from the presspress
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfNqIb6-8wA
Napoleon vs. NelsonNapoleon vs. Nelson
Directory Loses ControlDirectory Loses Control
The French people had lost confidence in The French people had lost confidence in the Directorythe Directory
The only thing keeping the them in power The only thing keeping the them in power was their control of the armywas their control of the army
The Abbe Sieyes urges Napoleon to The Abbe Sieyes urges Napoleon to seize political powerseize political power
Napoleon puts a plan in motionNapoleon puts a plan in motion
Napoleon Takes ControlNapoleon Takes Control
It began on November 9, 1799, when It began on November 9, 1799, when Napoleon was put in charge of the militaryNapoleon was put in charge of the military
It ended the next day when his troops drove It ended the next day when his troops drove out the members of 1 chamber of the out the members of 1 chamber of the legislature, and then voted to dissolve the legislature, and then voted to dissolve the DirectoryDirectory
Napoleon assumes dictatorial powers as 1 of 3 Napoleon assumes dictatorial powers as 1 of 3 consulsconsuls
Sudden seize of power called a coup- french Sudden seize of power called a coup- french phrase coup d`e tatphrase coup d`e tat
NapoleonNapoleon’’s Coup ds Coup d’’ E`tat E`tat
Europe at PeaceEurope at Peace
France was still at warFrance was still at war 1799, British Diplomats assemble the Second 1799, British Diplomats assemble the Second
Coalition of anti-French powers- Britain, Austria Coalition of anti-French powers- Britain, Austria and Russia- with the goal of driving Napoleon and Russia- with the goal of driving Napoleon from powerfrom power
By 1802, as a result of war and diplomacy, all 3 By 1802, as a result of war and diplomacy, all 3 countries had signed peace agreements with countries had signed peace agreements with France and Europe was at peace for the first France and Europe was at peace for the first time in 10 years.time in 10 years.
Napoleon could now focus on restoring Napoleon could now focus on restoring FranceFrance
At first, he pretends to be the constitutionally At first, he pretends to be the constitutionally chosen leader, but in 1800, Napoleon holds a chosen leader, but in 1800, Napoleon holds a plebiscite (vote of the people) to approve a plebiscite (vote of the people) to approve a new constitutionnew constitution
This was the 4This was the 4thth constitution in 8 years constitution in 8 years French people are so desperate for strong French people are so desperate for strong
leadership, voted in favor for power to leadership, voted in favor for power to NapoleonNapoleon
Napoleon Brings Stability Napoleon Brings Stability and Orderand Order
To get economy stable- sets up tax collection To get economy stable- sets up tax collection and national bankand national bank
Dismissed corrupt officialsDismissed corrupt officials Set up lycees, government run public schools Set up lycees, government run public schools
to train officialsto train officials Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius Signed concordat (agreement) with Pope Pius
VII, creating a new relationship between the VII, creating a new relationship between the Church and FranceChurch and France
Concordat gains Napoleon support from Concordat gains Napoleon support from church and the Frenchchurch and the French
Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code
He was most proud of Napoleonic Code, gave He was most proud of Napoleonic Code, gave France a uniform set of lawsFrance a uniform set of laws
-eliminated many injustices-eliminated many injustices-limited and promoted order and authority over -limited and promoted order and authority over individual rightsindividual rights-freedom of speech and press restricted, as -freedom of speech and press restricted, as well as womenwell as women’’s rightss rights-restored slavery in French colonies in the -restored slavery in French colonies in the Caribbean where slavery had been abolishedCaribbean where slavery had been abolished
Napoleon Crowned as Napoleon Crowned as EmperorEmperor
In 1804, napoleon decided to make himself In 1804, napoleon decided to make himself emperoremperor
In a flashy ceremony, wearing a long robe, he In a flashy ceremony, wearing a long robe, he walked slowly down the aisle of the Notre walked slowly down the aisle of the Notre Dame Cathedral in ParisDame Cathedral in Paris
He takes the crown out of the popeHe takes the crown out of the pope’’s hands, s hands, and puts it on his own headand puts it on his own head
This arrogant gesture showed Napoleon had This arrogant gesture showed Napoleon had more power than the churchmore power than the church
Napoleon taking the crown from the pope instead of Napoleon taking the crown from the pope instead of following tradition and allowing the Pope to crown himfollowing tradition and allowing the Pope to crown him
Napoleon Creates an Napoleon Creates an EmpireEmpire
Napoleon wants to create an empire and Napoleon wants to create an empire and control all of Europe and reassert French control all of Europe and reassert French power in the new world (Americas)power in the new world (Americas)
He envisions his western empire to include He envisions his western empire to include Florida, Louisiana and the French West IndiesFlorida, Louisiana and the French West Indies
To do this, he needs support from the French To do this, he needs support from the French colony St. Domingue (now Haiti)colony St. Domingue (now Haiti)
ThereThere’’s a civil war going on in St. Domingue s a civil war going on in St. Domingue because slaves want their freedom back, along because slaves want their freedom back, along with the same privileges of French citizenswith the same privileges of French citizens
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
Napoleon sends over troops to get Napoleon sends over troops to get control over the islandcontrol over the island
Thousands of soldiers die from yellow Thousands of soldiers die from yellow feverfever
Napoleon realizes the long obstacle Napoleon realizes the long obstacle facing him and doesnfacing him and doesn’’t want the troublet want the trouble
He offers to sell all of the Louisiana He offers to sell all of the Louisiana territory to the U.S.territory to the U.S.
In 1803, U.S. President, Thomas In 1803, U.S. President, Thomas Jefferson agrees to buy the territory Jefferson agrees to buy the territory for $15 million.for $15 million.
This benefited Napoleon 2 ways:This benefited Napoleon 2 ways:
1) France gains money to finance 1) France gains money to finance operations in Europeoperations in Europe
2) punished Britain by giving them 2) punished Britain by giving them another rival (the U.S.)another rival (the U.S.)
Napoleon Focuses on Napoleon Focuses on Conquering EuropeConquering Europe
Napoleon had already annexed the Napoleon had already annexed the Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy and Austrian Netherlands, parts of Italy and set up a puppet government in set up a puppet government in SwitzerlandSwitzerland
Fearful of his ambitions, Britain Fearful of his ambitions, Britain persuaded Russia, Austria and Sweden persuaded Russia, Austria and Sweden to join a third coalition against Franceto join a third coalition against France
Napoleon has a series of brilliant battles Napoleon has a series of brilliant battles and crushes his oppositionand crushes his opposition
All rulers sign a peace treaty with France All rulers sign a peace treaty with France except Britainexcept Britain
Napoleon has the biggest empire since Napoleon has the biggest empire since the Romansthe Romans
The only threat is BritainThe only threat is Britain’’s Navys Navy
Hey… Why do you think Britain needs to
have a strong Navy??
Yep- it’s an island and surrounded by water!
Yep- it’s an island and surrounded by water!
In his war against the third coalition, In his war against the third coalition, Napoleon lost just one major battle, the Napoleon lost just one major battle, the Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar
This naval defeat was more important This naval defeat was more important than all of Napoleonthan all of Napoleon’’s victories on lands victories on land
Battle took place in 1804 off coast of SpainBattle took place in 1804 off coast of Spain British admiral who defeated Napoleon in 1798 in British admiral who defeated Napoleon in 1798 in
charge of British fleetcharge of British fleet Nelson outmaneuvered the much bigger fleet of Nelson outmaneuvered the much bigger fleet of
French-Spanish fleetFrench-Spanish fleet Nelson was wounded by a French sharpshooter, but Nelson was wounded by a French sharpshooter, but
heard the news of defeating Napoleon once again heard the news of defeating Napoleon once again before he diedbefore he died
““Now I am satisfied,Now I am satisfied,”” whispered the admiral. whispered the admiral. ““Thank Thank God, I have done my dutyGod, I have done my duty””..
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MByE02fB_lo&feature=autoplay&list=PLC3488E34242AE32C&lf=results_video&playnext=2
Napoleon vs. Nelson Napoleon vs. Nelson Round 2Round 2
Destruction of French fleets had 2 major Destruction of French fleets had 2 major results:results:1) assured supremacy of British navy for the 1) assured supremacy of British navy for the next hundred yearsnext hundred years2) Napoleon had to give up idea of invading 2) Napoleon had to give up idea of invading BritainBritain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clS3Ekih7nE&feature=related
NapoleonNapoleon’’s Empires Empire
By 1812, the only major European countries By 1812, the only major European countries free from Napoleonfree from Napoleon’’s control were Britain, s control were Britain, Ottoman Empire, Portugal and SwedenOttoman Empire, Portugal and Sweden
Other countries in Europe had rulers who were Other countries in Europe had rulers who were puppets of Napoleons, or even relatedpuppets of Napoleons, or even related
French Empire is huge, but unstable.French Empire is huge, but unstable. Napoleon was able to maintain the empire for Napoleon was able to maintain the empire for
just 5 years (1807-1812), but caused the just 5 years (1807-1812), but caused the collapse himself collapse himself