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NATIONAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH
Industrial Revolution
• Early 1800s • machines replace hand tools. Large-scale
manufacturing replace farming as the main source of work.
• War of 1812 partly responsible – why? Americans are forced to make their own goods and not import due to blockade.
Factory System
• http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/videos/industrial-revolution
• brings workers and machines together under one roof. • need to build near source of water to power the
machines. • people leave farms in search of better life and more $. • NE is prime spot – lots of fast moving rivers• hired men/women/children; worked 12-15 hour days/6
days per week. Even so, still better opportunities than farm life offered
Interchangeable parts
• huge invention • makes goods cheaper - why? – Unskilled labor can be used– Cheaper to build
Eli Whitney
Whitney’s inventions
Cotton Gin• http://havefunwithhistory.com/movies/cottonGin.html• New machine increase amount a slave could clean up to 50 pounds/day. • $ increases from $22 million in 1820 to $200 million in 1830. • Saves dying cotton economy and makes cotton king. • Cotton kills the land quickly. • Always need new land to farm – one of the main reasons for the westward
movement in South – once find a way to make cotton profitable, all need is land and workers.
• Plenty of land – plenty of slaves. (spread to SC, GA, northern FL, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and TX)
• Because cotton is king, South ignores Industrial Revolution and lags behind in technology. Depends heavily on imports of tools and food from North and England.
• South trades with North and Europe – does not get $ for cotton; instead gets credit with which it can buy the manufactured goods it needs
Slavery in the South• Only about 1/3 of white families owned slaves in 1840. • Of the 1/3, only about 1/10 had large plantations w/ 20 or more slaves.
(i.e. if have 100 families; 33 have some slaves; 3 have more than 20)• White Southerners support slavery because slavery means $• Creates a social hierarchy in the South. • 1808 – became illegal to import Africans as slaves, so trade continues w/
American slaves. • Families become more and more split. • Leads to runaways (read “Runagate, Runagate” -
http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/237678) and rebellions. • Nat Turner and 70 followers kill 55 whites during one rebellion. • Leads to death of more than 200 African-Americans in retaliation. Fear
reigns on both sides.
James Madison’s Presidency
1815 –Madison (father of the Constitution) wants to create a plan to make the US self-
sufficient.
Henry Clay
Clay’s plan – The American System
• Helps to promote Nationalism. • Three parts:– Establish a protective tariff (tax on imported goods) to
make in more beneficial to buy American over foreign. What section of the US does this tariff benefit? Who does it hurt? SC threatens to secede for the first time in 1832
– Establish a national bank to promote a single currency. Becomes the Second Bank of the US
– Improve the country’s transportation system through roads and canals.
Transportation
Sectionalism
• Sectionalism becomes a factor because:– South focusing on slavery and cotton– North focusing on manufacturing and trade– West focuses on cheap land and good
transportation• All 3 want FEDERAL legislation to help their
section
Sectionalism – Part 2Clay’s American System under Monroe
“Improvements” under Jackson
North manufacturing and trade
Protective tariff – good; Improve transportation – good and bad
Sale of public lands – bad; Internal improvements - good
West cheap land and good transportation
Improve transportation – good
Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements - good
South slavery and cotton Protective tariff – badImprove transportation – bad
Sale of public lands – good; Internal improvements – bad b/c funded by tariffs
James Monroe’s Presidency
1817-1825
James Monroe’s Presidency
Era of Good FeelingsMcCulloch v Maryland – can’t tax a federal bankGibbons v Ogden – federal government in charge of interstate commerce
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT becoming more powerful – worries men like Thomas Jefferson and the South in general (John C. Calhoun)
Acquisition of Florida
• Andrew Jackson – takes it by force• Monroe tells Spain – sell FL (and Oregon) to
US or protect it• Spain sells
Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Fear that the North will control the Federal Government and try to end slavery. Tremendous push to keep number of slave and free states equal so that Senate does not fall to the North as the House has done (Why?)
• Designed by Henry Clay• Missouri – slave• Maine – free• No more slavery in Territory NORTH of Missouri
Monroe Doctrine
• The AMERICAS (which include Canada, North, Latin and South Americas) closed to further colonization
• European efforts to reestablish colonies would be considered “dangerous to our peace and safety”
• US would stay out of European affairsISOLATIONIST ATTITUDE
John Quincy Adams’ Presidency
1825-1829
Tariff of Abomination
• JQ Adams – raised tariff on raw materials and manufactured goods (bad for S)
• Andrew Jackson elected president b/c S hates the tariff idea
• First time SC threatens to secede• John C. Calhoun – VP for Jackson – from SC
but doesn’t want SC to secede
Doctrine of Nullification (JCalhoun)
• If a state doesn’t like a federal law, doesn’t have to follow itGIVE STATES POWER
Calhoun wants Jackson’s support but Jackson doesn’t give it – supports the UNION AS ONE idea.Jackson on SC seceding “hang the first man of them I can get my hands on” – when Jackson runs a second time, no Calhoun as VP candidateHENRY CLAY – finds a compromise and lowers the tariff. SC doesn’t secede
Andrew Jackson’s Presidency
1829-1837
Trail of Tears
• http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/akh10.socst.ush.exp.trail/trail-of-tears/
Trail of Tears
Lure of the West
• $• Resources• GOLD