National Committee for the Certification of Radiation Protection Officer ACTS AND REGULATIONS REGULATING THE SAFE USE OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN MALAYSIA

National Committee for the Certification of Radiation Protection Officer

ACTS AND REGULATIONS REGULATING THE SAFE USE OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN MALAYSIA


Introduction Introduction

Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304)Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304)

Radiation Protection (Licensing) Regulations Radiation Protection (Licensing) Regulations 19861986

Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Regulations 1988Regulations 1988

Radiation Protection (Transport) Regulations Radiation Protection (Transport) Regulations 19891989

SummarySummary

ContentsContents


Radioactive Substance Act 1968

Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304)

First legislation to control the use of ionizing radiation First legislation to control the use of ionizing radiation (medical & non medical) in Malaysia.(medical & non medical) in Malaysia.

Director General of Health is the Authority.Director General of Health is the Authority.

Repeals the Radioactive Substance Act 1968.Repeals the Radioactive Substance Act 1968.

Provides powers to control nuclear reactor operation in Provides powers to control nuclear reactor operation in addition to the power given under Radioactive Substances addition to the power given under Radioactive Substances Act 1968Act 1968..

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction


Subsidiary Regulations under the Act 304

Radiation Protection (Licensing) Radiation Protection (Licensing) Regulations 1986Regulations 1986

Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standards) Regulations 1988Standards) Regulations 1988

Radiation Protection (Transport) Radiation Protection (Transport) Regulations 1989Regulations 1989

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction


Scope of the Act 304To control To control any radioactive materials, nuclear any radioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances or irradiating materials, prescribed substances or irradiating apparatus apparatus in medical and non-medical in medical and non-medical application.application.

To issue licence for using To issue licence for using any radioactive any radioactive materials or irradiating apparatus for medical materials or irradiating apparatus for medical (diagnostic or therapeutic) purposes only to a (diagnostic or therapeutic) purposes only to a registered medical practitioner, registered registered medical practitioner, registered veterinary surgeon, radiologist, radiotherapist veterinary surgeon, radiologist, radiotherapist or registered dentist.or registered dentist.

Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984


The safe, optimum and efficacious use of The safe, optimum and efficacious use of radiation in medical and non-medical fields.radiation in medical and non-medical fields.

That the hazards associated with application of That the hazards associated with application of radiation are minimised and within acceptable radiation are minimised and within acceptable levels.levels.

There is no misused of There is no misused of any radioactive any radioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances or irradiating apparatus in relation substances or irradiating apparatus in relation to the prohibition stated in the Act.to the prohibition stated in the Act.

The Purpose of the Act 304 are to ensure The Purpose of the Act 304 are to ensure



Director General of HealthDirector General of Health for the use of for the use of ionizing radiation in medical applications.ionizing radiation in medical applications.

Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB)Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) for dealing with ionizing radiation in non-for dealing with ionizing radiation in non-medical applications.medical applications.

Licensing AuthorityLicensing Authority



No person shall:No person shall:

unless he is the holder of a valid license unless he is the holder of a valid license issued under section 16(5) by the appropriate issued under section 16(5) by the appropriate authority for such purpose and as specified in authority for such purpose and as specified in the license.the license.

site, construct or operate a nuclear site, construct or operate a nuclear installation,installation,deal in, possess or dispose of any deal in, possess or dispose of any radioactive materialradioactive material, , nuclear materialnuclear material, , prescribed substanceprescribed substance or or irradiating irradiating apparatusapparatus, ,

Control and LicensingControl and Licensing



Licenses issued under this Act may be Licenses issued under this Act may be renewed and subjected to such condition as renewed and subjected to such condition as may be imposed by the appropriate may be imposed by the appropriate authority which may in respect of the authority which may in respect of the conditions imposed by it, conditions imposed by it, add toadd to, , varyvary or or revokerevoke such conditions at any time such conditions at any time..

Condition of LicensesCondition of Licenses



The appropriate authority may cancel or suspend The appropriate authority may cancel or suspend any license for such period of the following any license for such period of the following circumstances:circumstances:

The licensee has committed an offence.The licensee has committed an offence.The licensee has committed a breach of any The licensee has committed a breach of any condition of the licence.condition of the licence.The licensee ceases to work or operate the The licensee ceases to work or operate the nuclear installation in respect of which the nuclear installation in respect of which the licence was issued.licence was issued.In the opinion of the appropriate authority it In the opinion of the appropriate authority it would be in the public interest so to do.would be in the public interest so to do.

Suspension of LicenseSuspension of License



Act 304 requires licensees to be responsible for the protection of the health and safety of workers by complying with all the regulations/ directives given by the appropriate authority, pertaining to:

Conditions of exposureDose limitationOccupational exposureMedical exposureExposure of members of the publicAccidental exposureEmergency exposure and exposure other than any of those specified above

Health and SafetyHealth and Safety



Provide and require such workers to wear Provide and require such workers to wear approved personnel-monitoring devices.approved personnel-monitoring devices.Keep records of dose and type of ionizing Keep records of dose and type of ionizing radiation to which such a worker has been radiation to which such a worker has been exposed.exposed.Install or use monitoring devices in workplace Install or use monitoring devices in workplace to record the amount of ionizing radiation to record the amount of ionizing radiation present.present.Provide medical examination for such workers Provide medical examination for such workers at such intervals as the appropriate authority at such intervals as the appropriate authority may determine. may determine.

Licensee is responsible for the worker who have Licensee is responsible for the worker who have been exposed to ionizing radiation to: been exposed to ionizing radiation to:



Any radioactive waste cannot be Any radioactive waste cannot be disposed ofdisposed of, , accumulatedaccumulated or or transportedtransported without prior without prior authorization in writing and subject to such authorization in writing and subject to such conditions imposed.conditions imposed.

The appropriate authority may direct the licensee The appropriate authority may direct the licensee or any person who is responsible for premises, or any person who is responsible for premises, nuclear installation, conveyance or site where nuclear installation, conveyance or site where any situation or condition endangering life, any situation or condition endangering life, health, property or the environmental to adopt health, property or the environmental to adopt such measure as would eliminate or protect such measure as would eliminate or protect against such situation or condition.against such situation or condition.

Disposal of Radioactive WasteDisposal of Radioactive Waste



Imprisonment for a term no exceeding Imprisonment for a term no exceeding 55 yearsyears or a fine not exceeding or a fine not exceeding RM5,000RM5,000 or or bothboth (for specific offences under section 39 (for specific offences under section 39 of the Act).of the Act).

Imprisonment for a term not exceeding Imprisonment for a term not exceeding 1010 yearsyears or a fine not exceeding or a fine not exceeding RM100,000 RM100,000 or or bothboth if there is no penalty is stated. if there is no penalty is stated.

OffencesOffences



General ConditionsGeneral Conditions

the applicant’s proposed equipment, facilities the applicant’s proposed equipment, facilities and procedures shall be and procedures shall be adequateadequate

employ a person having the necessary employ a person having the necessary knowledgeknowledge, , skill skill and and trainingtraining

The applicant shall:The applicant shall:

to protect the health of workers and members of to protect the health of workers and members of the public and to minimize danger to life, property the public and to minimize danger to life, property and the environment.and the environment.




Classification of LicenseClassification of LicenseClass of Licence Type of Material Purposes

Class A Radioactive materialto manufacture, trade in, produce, process, purchase, own, possess, use, transfer, handle, sell or store

Class B Nuclear material - as above -

Class C Irradiating apparatus - as above -

Class DRadioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances or their waste

to transport

Class ERadioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances, irradiating apparatus or their waste

to export or import

Cont…




Class FNuclear installationa) the temporary operation stageb) the full operation stage

to site, to construct or to operate

Class G

a) Radioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances or their waste

to dispose

to store (prior to their disposal)

b) Milling installation, nuclear installation, waste treatment facility, irradiating apparatus or sealed source apparatus

to decommission

Class H Othersto control activities which are not covered by Class A to G

Class of Licence Type of Material Purposes



Classification of LicenseClassification of License


The transfer or radioactive materials, nuclear materials, prescribed substances or irradiating apparatus for charitable or non-profit purposes; and

An amendment which does not relate to the class of the licence; or the details of any apparatus, material or installation.

Exemption of FeeExemption of Fee

.




Based on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) BSS No. 6 1986.

Currently being reviewed to suit the current recommendation of IAEA Safety Series No. 115 and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 60.

Describe the principles of radiation protection and safety such as, system of dose limitation (justification, optimization), medical exposure, operational radiation protection and role of licensee and radiation worker.

IntroductionIntroductionRadiation Protection (Basic Safety Radiation Protection (Basic Safety

Standard) Regulations 1988Standard) Regulations 1988Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Radiation Protection (Basic Safety

Standard) Regulations 1988Standard) Regulations 1988


No person shall carry out any activity involving ionizing radiation unless such activity is justified in relation to its benefits and those of any available alternatives.

The annual dose limits do not apply to medical exposure or exposure due to natural background radiation.

Every licensee shall take steps to restrict the necessary exposure to any person and such exposure shall be as low as is reasonably achievable, economic and social factors being taken into account.

Dose LimitationDose Limitation

Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Radiation Protection (Basic Safety Standard) Regulations 1988Standard) Regulations 1988



For pregnant worker - the dose to the foetus For pregnant worker - the dose to the foetus accumulated over the period of time between accumulated over the period of time between confirmation of pregnancy and the date of confirmation of pregnancy and the date of delivery shall not exceed 10 mSv.delivery shall not exceed 10 mSv.

Radiation WorkersRadiation Workers

Annual dose limit - 1 mSvAnnual dose limit - 1 mSv

PublicPublic

Occupational ExposureOccupational Exposure




No person shall carry out any:

Radiological examination for occupational purposes unless such examination is necessary for the purpose of evaluating the health of the person examined and his fitness for the work.

Systematic radiological examination on any person unless there are clear clinical needs and unless such examination is justified, taking into consideration the useful information expected to be obtained and the importance of this information to the person’s health.

Medical ExposureMedical Exposure




Responsibilities of a Licensee Responsibilities of a Licensee

To employ a radiation protection officer to assist in managing radiation safety;To classify the working areas into clean, supervised and controlled areas (where appropriate);

To ensure that supervised or controlled areas are clearly demarcated, and appropriate and legible notices and warning signs bearing the radiation symbol are posted conspicuously in strategic places in the national language and other language (if necessary);

To ensure that operating instructions relevant to the supervised and controlled areas are posted conspicuously in such areas;




To establish programmes for area monitoring in supervised and controlled areas which include:

To ensure that personnel dose monitoring for all workers during normal operation, planned special exposure and accidental and emergency exposure are carried out and recorded properly.

the assessment of external radiation levels at all appropriate locations;the assessment of levels of radioactive contamination at all appropriate locations; andthe assessment of radiation risks associated with

accident or emergency situation.

Responsibilities of a LicenseeResponsibilities of a Licensee




To inform each worker of the worker’s personnel monitoring results and radiation exposure status not later than two weeks from the date the results are available.

To ensure that the results of personnel monitoring are submitted to the approved registered medical practitioner immediately whenever an accident or emergency occurs.





To carry out medical surveillance for his workers by an approved registered medical practitioner:

pre-employment medical examination/ general health surveillance;

periodic reviews of health; and medical examination at termination of

employment or retirement.





To maintain a medical record for each worker and it shall be kept up to date as long as he remains a worker.

To provide appropriate training on radiation protection relevant to his duties.

To ensure that all protective measures and devices meet the requirements.

To ensure inspection and testing of protective measures and devices, and measuring instruments.

Responsibilities of a LicenseeResponsibilities of a Licensee




Responsibilities of a WorkerResponsibilities of a Worker

To follow all instructions, rules and procedures issued by the licensee.To use all facilities, devices and protective equipment provided by the licensee.

To use approved personnel monitoring devices when provided by the licensee for assessing exposure.

To report all accidental exposures.

To report any damage to or malfunction of any safety equipment.

To report such suspected pregnancy to the approved registered medical practitioner if she suspects that she is pregnant.




Establishment of Emergency PlanEstablishment of Emergency Plan The licensee is required to establish an approved emergency plan for all emergency situation.

The emergency organization;An outline of the lines of communication with the appropriate authority and relevant public authorities;A classification of emergencies;Measures to be taken during an emergency;Action to be taken subsequently to the emergency;The intervention levels for different emergency situations; andA list and description of the equipment necessary for use during an emergency.

An emergency plan should include the following:




a report on area monitoring;a report on environmental monitoring;a report on effluent monitoring;a report on accidental and emergency exposures;operational procedures, instructions and manuals;

The licensee may be required to submit to the appropriate authority any or all of the following:

Reports and DocumentReports and Document




a report on personnel monitoring;training programmes;physical protection measures;a report by approved registered medical practitioners;emergency plans and procedures; andother reports and records which the appropriate authority deems necessary.

Reports and DocumentReports and Document




Scope covers

LAND IN THE AIRWATER

Radioactive materials, Nuclear materials or

Prescribed substances

by all modes of transportation




Exemption Exemption

producing, using or storing of radioactive materials, nuclear materials or prescribed substances within establishments, other than storage in transit;

implanting with radioisotopic cardiac pacemakers or other devices to human beings or treating with radiopharmaceuticals; and

as an integral part of a conveyance which radioactive materials, nuclear materials or prescribed substances is used.




Summary


Thank YouThank Youfor your attention

Documents

National Committee for the Certification of Radiation Protection Officer ACTS AND REGULATIONS REGULATING THE SAFE USE OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN MALAYSIA