National Forest Resources National Forest Resources   

Monitoring and Assessment (NAFORMA)Monitoring and Assessment (NAFORMA)

and REDDand REDD

ByBy

R.E. Malimbwi & E. ZahabuR.E. Malimbwi & E. Zahabu

Sokoine University of AgricultureSokoine University of Agriculture

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BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDThe National Forestry Resources Monitoring and The National Forestry Resources Monitoring and

Assessment (NAFORMA) TanzaniaAssessment (NAFORMA) Tanzania

• Implemented by FBDImplemented by FBD• Supported by Finnish Govt thru FAOSupported by Finnish Govt thru FAO

Goals Goals • to provide forest resource related information to provide forest resource related information

for for domestic use as well as the international domestic use as well as the international reporting requirementsreporting requirements

• to establish a long-term monitoring system of to establish a long-term monitoring system of the forestry ecosystems on timely and regular the forestry ecosystems on timely and regular basis. basis.

• to take into consideration the emerging need to to take into consideration the emerging need to improve REDD readinessimprove REDD readiness

Specific objectives

Establish at the national level a broad consensus on the approach to NAFORMA in Tanzania

Strengthen capability of FBD to collect, analyze and update the needed information on forests and trees

Prepare a national map based on harmonized forest classification and other land uses

Undertake a national forestry resource assessment and develop national database.

Design specific and management oriented inventory in priority areas and formulate projects

Prepare a proposal on integration of data needs for REDD monitoring thru NARFORMA

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CURRENT NAFORMA STATUSCURRENT NAFORMA STATUS

Currently NAFORMA is in its inception phase Currently NAFORMA is in its inception phase which has emphasis on: which has emphasis on:

i) Mapping and analyzing of the information needs i) Mapping and analyzing of the information needs in cooperation with stakeholdersin cooperation with stakeholders

• This forms a basis for the detailed inventory designThis forms a basis for the detailed inventory design• It has impact on costs and approach It has impact on costs and approach • It will improve effectiveness of results to wider audienceIt will improve effectiveness of results to wider audience

ii) Inventory design which will result inii) Inventory design which will result in Providing information needed by stakeholdersProviding information needed by stakeholders Integration of REDD into NAFORMAIntegration of REDD into NAFORMA

METHODOLOGY

The methodology used to reach the current status was:

• literature search• stakeholders’ interviews• Stakeholders’ workshop

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FindingsFindings Previous forest inventoriesPrevious forest inventories

Year Type of Inventory

Coverage Support

1971-73 Reconnaissance Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Kilombero, Tabora and Mtwara

CIDA

1975-77 Industrial do Jaako Poyry

1996 Reconnaisance Singida, Arusha and Dodoma SIDA

1999 NFP Tanzania FBD

1998 Management Kiteto (Suledo) SIDA-ORGUT/FORCONSULT

1996-2000

Reconnaissance Selected Catchment forests NORAD/FDD/FORCONSULT

2005 Reconnaissance Eleven districts Word bank/FBD/FORCONSULT

2003 Management Babati (Duru Haitemba) SIDA-ORGUT

2007 Sandalwood 10 districts FBD/FORCONSULT

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FindingsFindingsPrevious remote sensing/mapping related projects and initiatives in Tanzania

Year project Coverage Support/Consultant Topographic maps Tanzania 1999-2000 National Land Use

and Natural Resources Mapping

do Hunting Technical Services

1984 Vegetation cover map do E African Remote Sensing Facility

1999-2000 FAO AFRICOVER Land cover map of Tanzania for general planning purposes

do FAO

1984 Forest Reserves do MNRT 2005 FRA Remote sensing

survey of 2005 do

2005 Cover Change Detection

Eastern Arc World Bank/FORCONSULT

2007 Carbon Baseline Eastern Arc 1975-2006 Forest cover change East Usambara Jackline Hall 2006 Digitized forest

reserves Tanzania FBD/InfoBridge

1975 1992 2000

2006

Forest cover change in East Usambara between 1975-2006 ca 16,680 ha lost!ByJ. Hall

1992 2000

2006

1975

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NAFORMA StakeholdersNAFORMA Stakeholders

   Embassies: Norway, Finland,Embassies: Norway, Finland, Ministries: MNRT (Forestry& Wildlife), Agriculture, Environment, Ministries: MNRT (Forestry& Wildlife), Agriculture, Environment,

PRALOG, Lands, Livestock, Water, Planning, PRALOG, Lands, Livestock, Water, Planning, Private Organizations: InfoBridgePrivate Organizations: InfoBridge NGOs: TFCG, WWF, WCST, CARENGOs: TFCG, WWF, WCST, CARE Research Institutions: TAFORI, SUA, IRAResearch Institutions: TAFORI, SUA, IRA Government Agencies: TTSA, Eastern Arc, TMA, Tanzania Government Agencies: TTSA, Eastern Arc, TMA, Tanzania

Bureau of Statistics (TBS)Bureau of Statistics (TBS) Key individuals: Acting Coordinator NFA, REDD focal point, FBD Key individuals: Acting Coordinator NFA, REDD focal point, FBD

Survey Section, Commissioner for Land use Planning (Ministry of Survey Section, Commissioner for Land use Planning (Ministry of Lands), Director of Land Use Planning (Ministry of Agric)Lands), Director of Land Use Planning (Ministry of Agric)

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Stakeholders information needsStakeholders information needs Extent of forest resources in Tanzania by categories of:Extent of forest resources in Tanzania by categories of:

• vegetation type (species in plantations & natural forests)vegetation type (species in plantations & natural forests)• ownership (e.g size of reserved forests and forests in general ownership (e.g size of reserved forests and forests in general

land) land) • stocking levels including carbon estimatesstocking levels including carbon estimates• use status (productive/protective e.g catchment & wetlands use status (productive/protective e.g catchment & wetlands

areas)areas)• Biodiversity statusBiodiversity status

Location of seed sources of important tree species.Location of seed sources of important tree species. Deforestation and degradation levels, Deforestation and degradation levels, Trees outside the Forest area (TOF)Trees outside the Forest area (TOF) Non wood Forest ProductsNon wood Forest Products Harvestable volumeHarvestable volume

Stakeholders’ information needs cont.Stakeholders’ information needs cont.

The Directorate of Land Use Planning The Directorate of Land Use Planning Extent of potential agricultural area in the general land, private and village Extent of potential agricultural area in the general land, private and village

landland

Extent of current rangelandExtent of current rangeland

The Forest and Beekeeping Division wants to know the location, content, The Forest and Beekeeping Division wants to know the location, content, growth rate and generally extent of its forest resources in Tanzania. growth rate and generally extent of its forest resources in Tanzania.

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Stakeholders’ contribution to NAFORMAStakeholders’ contribution to NAFORMA

Stakeholder Activities/Study sites Contribution to NAFORMA

WWF (TZ) SFM Coastal (Bagamoyo, Kilwa, Rufiji, Mafia, mangroves), East Usambras

Detailed forest inventory in some study sites

TFCG SFM in E & West Usambara, and Kilwa (CBFM), Nguru South and North, Ruvu South (JFM)

Detailed forest inventory in some study sites

CARE SFM in Morogoro region (Uluguru South and Turiani), Kigoma (Kasulu and Kigoma) and Zanzibar

Detailed forest inventory in some study sites

Info-Bridge Digitized all forest reserves in TZ. Half (300) are in local coordinates

Could change the local coordinates to national coordinates

TMA Covering the whole country NOAA satellite imageries

Commissioner for LUP

National Land Use plan prepared for the entire country. 500 Village land Use Plans

Reports and List of villages with land use plans

Norwegian Embassy

Support on environmental conservation issues

REDD demonstrations in Tanzania including LiDAR, Supplementary equipment NAFORMA

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Methodological ReviewMethodological ReviewLand use land cover classificationLand use land cover classification

  

Use the broader land use categories as in Global FRA (2005) classification i.e Use the broader land use categories as in Global FRA (2005) classification i.e Forest, Other wooded land, Other land and Inland water. Forest, Other wooded land, Other land and Inland water.

Separate broader categories into smaller classesSeparate broader categories into smaller classes Forest : Miombo, Montane, Mangroves, Coastal, PlantationsForest : Miombo, Montane, Mangroves, Coastal, Plantations Other woodland: Wooded grasslands, shrub, scrub, thicketsOther woodland: Wooded grasslands, shrub, scrub, thickets Other land: barren, grassland, annual crop, perennial crop, pastures, urban, Other land: barren, grassland, annual crop, perennial crop, pastures, urban,

mining site etcmining site etc Inland water: Lakes, rivers, Dam,Inland water: Lakes, rivers, Dam,

The forest may further be sub-divided into stocking level (carbon densities) such The forest may further be sub-divided into stocking level (carbon densities) such as intact, degraded and much degraded. as intact, degraded and much degraded.

Separate the broader classes according to ownership: Central government FR, Separate the broader classes according to ownership: Central government FR, Local government FR, private FR, PFM (JFM and CBFM), National parks, Local government FR, private FR, PFM (JFM and CBFM), National parks, Nature Reserves, Game Reserves, General landNature Reserves, Game Reserves, General land

The total area resulting from 1, 2 and 3 must be equalThe total area resulting from 1, 2 and 3 must be equal

Land use, land cover classificationLand use, land cover classification

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Category Sub-category Stocking levels: (1=intact, 2=degraded and 3= much degraded)

Ownership: 1=Central government FR, 2=Local government FR, 3=private FR, 4=PFM (JFM and CBFM), 5=National parks, 6=Nature Reserves, 7=Game Reserves, 8=General land

Forest Miombo Montane Mangrove Coastal Forests Lowland forest Plantations

Other wooded land Wooded grasslands, shrub, scrub, thickets

Other land: barren, grassland, annual crop, perennial crop, pastures, urban, mining site

Inland water: Lakes, rivers, Dam,

Sampling DesignSampling Design

Reliability of estimatesReliability of estimates Efficient use of resourcesEfficient use of resources

TimeTime EquipmentEquipment PersonnelPersonnel MoneyMoney

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Implementation

Stratified systematic sampling adopted• The entire country area is divided into strata• Strata will be composed on the basis of administrative districts

and vegetation types

Measurement unit• a cluster of field plots• number of the plots per cluster is 6-10• the number plots per stratum will depend on the forest variability• higher in forest than in non forested areas

Implementation cont

Establishment of sampling intensities Need a small study using existing data Determine precision requirements and hence sampling

intensities

Take measurements in concentric plots Within 2 m radius: all trees with dbh ≥ 1 cm will be recorded within 5 m radius; all trees with dbh 5 cm will be recorded within 10 m radius; all trees with dbh 10 cm will be

recorded within 15 m radius; all trees with dbh 20 cm will be

recorded

Implementation cont

Record other variables according to stakeholders needs

Integration with REDD

A key aspect of determining the carbon benefit of any forest carbon project is to accurately quantify the levels of carbon changes to known levels of precision

The main focus is to determine the net differences of carbon stocks in the different pools over a specified time period

At a national level this requires among other things good quality data from detailed continuous forest inventory of individual forests based on known forest variability

The proposed inventory will facilitate the estimation of at most Tier 2 emission factors

Integration of REDD cont

It is envisaged that Tier 3 forest data will be generated by forest projects during the REDD piloting phase

Projects may use some of NAFORMA plots One third to half of the measured NAFORMA plots

should be permanent sample plots The proposed criteria of choosing permanent

sample plots are: threatened/degraded area undegraded/undisturbed areas and, plots with vulnerable species

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

Payments for carbon credits hinges on effective monitoring to estimate the reduced deforestation and forest degradation

This is challenging because it demands spatial as well as temporal data with high resolution

Using communities is an option but has spatial limitation Remote sensing (images, i.e., aerial photographs, satellite

imageries), can provide high spatial and temporal resolution at a reasonable cost

But Poor accuracy in estimating biomass and carbon stocks Can hardly be used to detect forest degradation

LiDAR

SOLUTION

Remote sensing that captures 3-Dimensions of the forest

• RADAR-radio waives• LiDAR (Light Detection And Range)

RADAR saturates at 200 tons/ha LiDAR has no saturation point ie can be used in

any forest Some forests in Tanzania have >700 cu m/ha

(Chome, Amani) LiDAR operated on board aircrafts is already

operational for biomass assessment

LiDAR

Tested and proved effective in temperate forests over the past 10-15 years but not in tropical forests

SUA and Norwegian University of Life Sciences are developing a research project to;

Test LiDAR capability of estimating biomass in different vegetation types in Tanzania

Enhance Capacity building, Ph.D. training, and technology transfer

NAFORMA will provide the ground thruthing data LiDAR paths will be chosen to benefit from the

NAFORMA field sample plots

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The End!The End!

Thank YouThank You