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NationalOccupationalStandard
CNC Operators
For the Canadian Advanced Wood Products Processing Sector
Th
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�Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
The Advanced Wood Manufactur�ng Sector �s an exc�t�ng, modern and �ncreas�ngly technolog�cally-dr�ven sector requ�r�ng h�gh levels of sk�ll, knowledge and pos�t�ve, performance minded attitudes to ensure customer satisfaction, long-term profitability and global compet�t�veness.
The Wood Manufacturing Council (WMC) �s the Human Resources Sector Counc�l for the advanced wood products process�ng �ndustry.
One of the recent initiatives undertaken by the WMC, which will directly assist in presenting a real�st�c p�cture of the sk�lls and performance requ�rements of the �ndustry, as well as ass�st the sector �n plann�ng for and develop�ng adequate human resources, �s the �ntroduct�on / publication of the Computer Numerical Control Operator Occupat�onal Standard for the sector.
To order additional copies of this standard or to find out about the range of resources the council has available, please contact us at:
Wood Manufacturing Council 130 Albert St., Suite 1016 Ottawa, ON, K1P 5G4 Phone: (613) 567-5511 Fax: (613) 567-5411 e-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.wmc-cfb.ca
Ce document est aussi disponible en Français.
© 2008 Copyright by the Wood Manufacturing Council
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means w�thout the express wr�tten consent of the Wood Manufactur�ng Counc�l.
This project is funded by the Government of Canada’s Sector Council Program.
The opinions and interpretations in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada.
��Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
WMC’s Mandate
The Wood Manufacturing Council’s mandate is to plan, develop and implement human resources strategies that support the long-term growth and competitiveness of Canada’s advanced wood products process�ng sector and meet the developmental needs of �ts workforce.
The Counc�l works to �dent�fy and exam�ne the necessary sk�lls and knowledge requ�red to respond to the chang�ng needs of the �ndustry as well as to develop an overall strateg�c plan to address key �ssues such as the shortage of sk�lled workers and the need for nat�onal standards for worker competenc�es.
���Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
Wood Manufacturing council (WMc)
national occupational StandardS (noS)
project overvieW
IntroductionTo create the NOS, the WMC sol�c�ted �ndustry representat�ves dur�ng the development process to provide information and feedback on the NOS.
On-s�te and phone �nterv�ews were conducted w�th CNC Operators and Superv�sors �n the �ndustry to collect �nformat�on on tasks, sk�lls and knowledge requ�red from CNC Operators �n the wood manufacturing industry. The information obtained was compiled for the creation of a draft NOS.
The draft document was submitted to a group of industry representatives and reviewed during a val�dat�on meet�ng held �n June 2008.
The NOS documents were validated by industry representatives from various regions across Canada.
The objective of developing National Occupational Standards (NOS) is to produce user friendly, sector validated standards that define the necessary job competencies for key occupations within the �ndustry.
The benefits of National Occupational Standards to industry include but are not limited to:
Targeted Recru�tment Increased Productivity Improved Qual�ty Assurance Succession Planning Tra�n�ng and Development
�vNat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
table of contentS
PROJECT BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY ..................................1
OCCUPATIONAL BACKGROUND ........................................................4
CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION ...........................................................5
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................6
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS ..........................................9
A. WORK PREPARATION ................................................................9
B. SET-UP & PROGRAMMING ........................................................ 13
C. MACHINE OPERATION ............................................................. 17
D. MAINTENANCE ....................................................................... 21
E. HEALTH & SAFETY .................................................................. 22
F. TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES .......................................................... 24
G. PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES .......................................................... 26
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................... 28
APPENDIX A NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS – DACUM CHART FOR CNC OPERATORS ......................................................... 29
1Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PROJECT BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY
PROJECT BACKGROUND
The Wood Manufacturing Council (WMC), Canada’s human resources sector council for the advanced wood products process�ng �ndustry, was formed �n 2001 to address the ser�ous sk�lls shortages in wood manufacturing facilities. An independent, non-profit corporation with a Board of Directors drawn from the industry, the WMC serves as a national forum bringing together employers, workers, educators, governments, and other �nterested part�es �n a strateg�c all�ance to analyze, identify and address the sector’s human resources challenges and to ensure workers have the right mix of skills to compete in the globalized markets that will dominate the 21st Century.
In 2008, the WMC undertook the creation of National Occupational Standards (NOS) for the occupation of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Operators in the wood manufacturing sector. The goal of this project was to work with job incumbents and other stakeholders to develop and nationally validate the occupational profile for CNC Operators in the wood manufacturing sector, including a review of the scope of the occupation. Recent research by the WMC indicates that significant challenges face the advanced wood products processing industry. These challenges stem from the continuing decline in the availability of skilled human resources as well as the changing skills requirements of the occupation. Occupational standards can be used as the basis for program development, such as the creation of training curriculum or competency-based assessment programs. Occupat�onal standards also help �nform �nd�v�duals seek�ng �nformat�on for career development or for other labour market information.
METHODOLOGY
Steering Committee
A Steering Committee comprised of six industry experts led by the WMC was assembled to provide vital input and feedback over the course of the project. These experts were tasked with identifying the occupations to be profiled over the course of the project and played a key role in validating information. Steering Committee members were selected based on the need to ensure representat�on of compan�es of var�ous types and s�zes, sector assoc�at�ons, and reg�onal representat�on.
Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)
WMC staff and stakeholders identified SMEs who were invited to participate in the development process of the NOS through interviews and online discussion forums. SMEs were selected based on the need to ensure representation of companies of various types and sizes, sector associations, and regional representation. Job incumbents and their managers were asked for the�r �nput �n the process.
2Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
Situational Analysis
A s�tuat�onal analys�s of the CNC operator occupat�on �n the wood manufactur�ng sector was created based on telephone interviews conducted with SMEs to collect anecdotal information on the occupation. A standardized interview guide was used to collect information on the job environment, typical profile of the job incumbent, perceived anticipated future trends and attitudes of job incumbents towards professional development. This information provides important and relevant contextual information about the occupation.
National Occupational Standards (NOS)
NOSs describe the skills and knowledge needed to perform competently in the workplace. To create the NOS for CNC Operators �n the wood manufactur�ng sector, �nterv�ews were conducted on-s�te and over the phone w�th operators, superv�sors and managers to collect deta�led �nformat�on on the occupat�on. Authent�c workplace mater�als were also collected. The process used for the NOS development is based on a combination of methodologies derived from DACUM, Competency Analysis Profile System, Functional Job Analysis (FJA), job analysis and competency modeling best practices. These combined techniques resulted in an in-depth understanding of the job and detailed definition of skills required for the job. The steps to be taken in this project to define the standards were:
Preparation for Interviews (research of relevant documentation) – �n preparat�on for the on-s�te �nterv�ews w�th �ndustry representat�ves, the consultant rev�ewed all relevant documentation related to the occupation (e.g. Standards developed by other countries, international and territorial/provincial occupational guidelines). This �nformat�on was used to develop an �n-depth understand�ng of the dut�es, challenges and key sk�lls requ�red �n the occupat�on. The consultant used th�s �nformat�on to help gu�de the d�scuss�on dur�ng the �nterv�ews.
Interviews – a ser�es of on-s�te and telephone �nterv�ews were conducted w�th operators, superv�sors and managers/company owners to collect �nformat�on to complete a s�tuat�onal analys�s as well as to collect data towards the creat�on of the NOS.
Focus Groups – A focus group was conducted us�ng an onl�ne d�scuss�on tool to facilitate the review of the initial draft of the NOS. Comments and feedback were used to mod�fy the draft to create a vers�on then presented to the Steer�ng Comm�ttee.
Validation of Standards - The present document was rev�ewed over the course of a 2.5-day val�dat�on meet�ng. Dur�ng th�s meet�ng, the standards were rev�ewed and approved by the members of the Steering Committee and industry representatives. Following the meeting, the consultant updated the standards with agreed upon revisions and the document was submitted to the committee members for a final rev�ew.
3Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
STRUCTURE OF REPORT
The NOS for CNC Operators in the wood manufacturing sector consists of the following sections:
1. Occupational Background: Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC) has developed a national occupational classification (NOC) for the occupation of CNC Operators in the wood manufactur�ng sector. A NOC “�s a tool for help�ng Canad�ans to understand the world of work. It describes duties, skills, interests, aptitudes, education requirements and working settings for occupations in the Canadian labour market. Statisticians, labour market analysts, career counsellors and individual job seekers use this system to organize and interpret statistics and other labour market facts.” The information reproduced in this report gives a broad and general definition of the occupation, based on the information gathered from the NOC.
2. Situational Analysis: The purpose of this analysis is to establish the general occupational profile for the occupation and provide contextual information for the NOS. Anectodal demograph�c data and �nformat�on on educat�on, tra�n�ng, exper�ence and human resources challenges are also presented.
3. National Occupational Standards (NOS): NOS deta�ls the sk�lls, competenc�es and knowledge requ�red for a worker to perform competently �n an occupat�on; �t �s structured �n the following way:
4. DACUM chart: DACUM stands for Develop�ng A Curr�culum. It prov�des a graph�cal representat�on �n a chart format of the sk�lls and competenc�es requ�red to perform competently �n the occupat�on. It �s a v�sual summary of the �nformat�on conta�ned �n the NOS.
Major Skill Category
General Skill
General Skill Sub-sk i l ls
General activity
Specific activity; competency or learning outcome
For each sub skill, additional detail, such as examples to illustrate the sub-skill or specific behavioural criteria or additional indicators or evidences that describes the performance or knowledge outcomes. The additional detail may also include any other contextual information.
4Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
OCCUPATION BACKGROUND
Note: The following description is taken directly from the National Classification Code (NOC) website.
9513 Woodworking Machine Operators
Woodwork�ng mach�ne operators set up, program and operate one or more woodwork�ng machines to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture, fixtures or other wood products. They are employed in furniture, fixture and other wood products manufacturing establishments.
Example Titles:
CNC band saw operator – woodworking
boring machine operator – woodworking
dr�ll operator – woodwork�ng
drum sander – woodwork�ng
edge bander operator – woodworking
glue mach�ne operator – woodwork�ng
lathe operator – woodwork�ng
planer operator – woodwork�ng
rough m�ll operator – woodwork�ng
shaper – woodwork�ng
woodwork�ng mach�ne operator
Main duties
Woodworking machine operators perform some or all of the following duties:
Set up, program and operate one or more computer numerically controlled (CNC) or manual woodwork�ng mach�nes such as saws, moulders, lathes, routers, planers, edgers, pressing machines, shapers, drills and sanders to fabricate or repair wooden parts for furniture, fixtures and other wood products
Operate gluing machines to glue pieces of wood together or press and affix wood veneer to wood surfaces
Operate preset special-purpose woodworking machines to fabricate wood products such as coat hangers, mop handles, clothes pins, cabinet doors, ornate carvings, and other products
Read and interpret specifications or follow verbal instructions
May clean and lubricate equipment, and replace parts as necessary.
5Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION
Contextual information provides additional information about a performance skill. It is useful �n the development of tra�n�ng mater�als or �n �dent�fy�ng appropr�ate tra�n�ng tools or methods. Knowledge standards do not �nclude contextual �nformat�on.
PERFORMANCE SKILLS (P): Skills required to adequately perform in the occupation.
KNOWLEDGE STANDARDS (K): Knowledge required to adequately perform in the occupat�on.
In the NOS, skills identified as performance related are preceded with “P” while skills based on knowledge are identified by “K”.
Contextual information is provided under three headings: Frequency, Relevance, and Difficulty. A brief description of each of these is provided below.
FREQUENCY: defines how often the skill is performed.
Example of frequency rating of tasks:
1. Da�ly
2. B�-weekly
3. Weekly
4. Monthly
5. Cont�nuously
6. S�tuat�onal
Example: Maintenance of a piece of equipment is done on a monthly basis.
RELEVANCE: a qual�tat�ve rat�ng that �nd�cates the �mportance of the sk�ll to competent performance.
Sample scale of rating importance of tasks:
1. Not important: performance of this skill is not essential to the job
2. Somewhat important: performance of this skill is minimally necessary to the job
3. Important: performance of this skill is moderately essential to the job
4. Extremely important: performance of this skill is critical; non-performance poses a risk
Example: Knowledge of Health and Safety symbols is extremely important to ensure personal and environmental safety.
DIFFICULTY: defines the levels of effort, challenge and complication associated with the performance of the sk�ll.
Example: Calculating the total cost of a manufactured piece is somewhat difficult.
�National Occupational Standards – CNC Operators
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
BAckgrOUNd ANd MeThOdOLOgY
The following is a situational analysis of the occupation of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) operator in the wood manufacturing sector in Canada. The purpose of this analysis is to establish a general profile for the occupation and provide contextual information for the National Occupational Standard (NOS). Anecdotal information was gathered for the purpose of gaining an overall understanding of the profile of the typical job incumbent. For an in-depth analysis of the wood manufacturing sector as a whole, the reader is invited to consult the 2006 final report of the National Human Resource Sector Study for the Advanced Wood Processing Industry in Canada entitled “Attract the Best-Building Capacity for a Sustainable Future”, available from the Council.
Job incumbents, their supervisors and company owners were contacted to conduct telephone interviews. The individuals contacted work in organizations of various sizes and with various wood related products. The interviews were conducted from January to May 2008. Much of the information collected is anecdotal.
OverALL INdUSTrY
CNCs are becoming increasingly important in the industry. CNC machines increase precision and production speed while reducing production costs. Although the initial investment in acquiring such equipment remains high, more small and medium sized companies are moving towards this type of technology to remain competitive with larger organizations and international players. CNC Operators work in a variety of wood manufacturing organizations and perform CNC related tasks on a number of different machines of varying complexity. CNC machines encompass a broad range of machines such as milling machines, routers, moulders, lathes, drills, cutters, and grinders. In the context of this document, the focus is on CNC routers and work centers.
CNC operators not only possess knowledge of the techniques required to work on the specific type of machine they are assigned to but must also possess computer skills. The level of computer expertise will vary from one organization to the next; some organizations require that CNC Operators have programming skills, while other companies will have a separate programmer which will require fewer programming skills from the CNC Operator. The complexity of the CNC machine will depend on the type of work required and the level of sophistication of the organization. Newer CNCs are increasingly easier to use and program. This NOS does reflect some components of programming and organizations can adapt the NOS to their needs, removing the programming component if not applicable.
deMOgrAphIc OvervIew
Gender
CNC operators, like non-computerized machine operators, are mostly male. Women are becoming increasingly present in organizations where there is a separate programmer for CNCs.
7Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
Experience
The CNC operator will often be selected for mathematical abilities and/or programming skills. In cases where there �s l�ttle programm�ng �nvolved, regular woodwork�ng mach�ne operators w�th an average of 3 years of experience are typically recruited. These regular machine operators will be given CNC specific training by the machine manufacturer or through internal training programs.
Language
Typically, the working language will be either English or French. However, depending on geographical regions, other languages might be used in the workplace. In some cases, basic knowledge of foreign languages might be useful when working with equipment from other countr�es or when h�r�ng �mm�grants.
Education & Training
The CNC operator typically has a high school degree and has successfully completed Grade 12 math.
Mach�ne operat�ons vary from one manufacturer to the next and from one type of mach�ne to the next. Colleges and universities offer basic courses in CNC operation while equipment vendors offer more specific training for their machines.
Organizations offer Health and Safety training specifically related to safe machine and tooling use, personal safety and workplace cleanl�ness and ma�ntenance.
ATTRIBUTES, SKILLS & KNOWLEDGE
Personal Attributes
The CNC Operator, similarly to any machine operator, is expected to be punctual, professional, respectful and loyal to the organ�zat�on. He or she must also possess excellent commun�cat�on skills and good teamwork abilities. The CNC Operator must also be able to deal with heavy workloads under t�me-sens�t�ve schedules.
Skills Requirements
The CNC operator should be comfortable using computers, regardless of the level of programming required. He or she must also be familiar with the specific woodworking techniques applicable to the machine such as optimal machine operation speed, tooling type and wood properties. While new CNC machines can be quickly learned by someone with little wood mach�n�ng exper�ence, an exper�enced wood mach�ne operator can eas�ly learn the add�t�onal skills required to operate a CNC and will be able to best assess quality and resolve woodworking �ssues.
Knowledge Requirements
The CNC operator should have grade 12 mathematical courses and basic knowledge of parametr�c programm�ng language. In add�t�on, the CNC Operator should have excellent mechan�cal apt�tudes and knowledge of woodwork�ng techn�ques.
8Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Working Environment
CNC operators work �n a plant env�ronment. The no�se level var�es from one organ�zat�on to the next depend�ng on plant set-up. The spaces are generally well l�t. Organ�zat�ons are �ncreas�ngly using principles of Lean Manufacturing or similarly-minded philosophies to maximize workflow and efficient product mobility.
Physical Requirements
Wh�le there �s some strength requ�red to man�pulate raw mater�al, organ�zat�ons are �ncreas�ngly us�ng equ�pment such as suct�on cups, doll�es and l�fts to handle the mater�al. However, the CNC operator �s st�ll requ�red to move the mater�al and parts to and from the mach�ne manually. The CNC operator must also man�pulate tool�ng, and move mach�ne parts for ma�ntenance or troubleshooting issues and therefore may use more or less physical strength depending on the type of mach�ne and operat�on requ�red.
Technology and Equipment
The CNC operator w�ll use manual tools such as hammers, screwdr�vers, j�gs, measur�ng tapes, and cal�pers �n h�s/her da�ly operat�ons.
Human Interactions
The CNC operator w�ll �nteract w�th the programmer and h�s or her superv�sor. He or she w�ll also interact with the machine’s manufacturer to receive training, to resolve maintenance issues and/or for troubleshooting. The CNC Operator will also interact with other plant departments throughout the course of the day, such as assemblers, inventory, material handling, quality assurance, and other wood mach�ne operators.
OCCUPATIONAL CHALLENGES
The ent�re �ndustry �s currently exper�enc�ng several challenges �nclud�ng the shortage of qualified labour, the high Canadian dollar and the negative effects from the timber industry which are impacting the supply of raw materials. These challenges lead to instability in smaller organ�zat�ons wh�ch further lead to employee turnover.
While recruiting employees is difficult for the industry overall, CNC machines are very appealing to younger workers who enjoy working with computerized equipment. It is therefore less difficult to entice younger workers to work on CNC machines than it would be for regular woodworking mach�nes.
Globalization has resulted in the emergence of new competitive markets such as China and India. CNC machines are an integral part of Canadian wood manufacturing companies’ strategies to remain competitive with these global competitors. CNC machines ensure that the work �s done w�th cons�stent qual�ty, qu�ckly and w�th reduced waste at lower costs.
9Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS
A. WORK PREPARATION
A1. READ SPECIFICATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS
PA1.1 Understand specifications and instructions
For example:
List/bill of materials
Techn�cal draw�ngs
Instruct�ons
Production schedule
Units of measurement
Measurement methods
PA1.2 Review specificat�ons and �nstruct�ons
a. Ident�fy requ�rements
For example:
Parts
Tool�ng
CNC program
J�g
b. Identify type of operation required
For example:
Rout�ng
M�ll�ng
Dr�ll�ng
Cutt�ng
Sand�ng
Finishing
c. Perform additional calculations where applicable
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely �mportant
10Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
A2. OBTAIN MATERIALS
PA2.1 Request requ�red mater�als
For example:
Tool�ng
Draw�ngs
Sample parts
Raw mater�als
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
PA2.2 Inspect mater�al
a. Count mater�al
b. Verify materials against specifications
Type of mater�al
Size (e.g., length, width, height, thickness, diameter, angle)
c. Identify quality issues with material (e.g., scratches, warping, distortion, split, chips, dents, mould, knots)
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
A3. PREPARE MATERIAL
PA3.1 Organ�ze work area and mater�al
For example:
a. Stack mater�al �n preparat�on for operat�ons
b. Remove material excess from work area
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
11Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PA3.2 Prepare raw mater�al
For example:
a. Cut mater�al when requ�red
b. Drill holes when required
c. Remove glue excess
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
A4. TROUBLESHOOT
PB4.1 Identify issues related to specifications and instructions
For example:
Specification and instruction inconsistencies
Missing information on specifications and instructions
New CNC program
Calculat�on errors
D�mens�on errors
Des�gn errors
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.2 Ident�fy �ssues related to mater�al
For example:
Quality (scratches, warping, splits, chips, dents, knots, colour)
Type of mater�al
Size (e.g., length, width, height, thickness, diameter, angle)
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
12Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
PB4.3 Resolve �ssues when possible
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
Difficulty:
The level of difficulty can vary according to the problem or situation.
PB4.4 Document �ssues
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.5 Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Extremely important
B. SET-UP & PROGRAMMING
B1. PERFORM START-UP OPERATIONS
PB1.1 Inspect the mach�ne
a. Remove dust from mach�ne
b. Remove dust from tooling
c. Remove dust from floor space
d. Check for apparent damage
e. Walk around the machine to inspect for problems/issues
f. Ensure that all parts are properly set in place
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely �mportant
13Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PB1.2 Perform computer start-up sequence
For example:
a. Perform homing operation
b. Check for error messages
c. Check mater�al hold down system
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
PB1.3 Check the tool�ng
a. Check ex�st�ng tool�ng for wear
b. Ensure proper tooling for application
c. Ensure correct tooling location
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
B2. EXECUTE PROGRAMMING OPERATIONS
PB2.1 Create program as requ�red
a. Use appropriate programming language
G-Code
Parametric programming
b. Enter appropriate parameters in computer
c. Enter appropriate specifications in computer based on technical drawing specifications
For example:
Speed
Type of mater�al
d. Program proper tooling for each operation
e. Program proper plunge rate and feed speed for each operation
14Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
f. Program multiple passes and/or depth cuts if the operation exceeds the allowable specifications for the tool or fixturing.
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
Difficulty:
The level of difficulty may vary according to the type of programming required. Specific training is required.
PB2.2 Select the appropr�ate program
a) Check work order to identify job sequence
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
PB2.3 Validate program
For example:
a. Verify CNC code against label on part to be machined
b. Verify that CNC program description on the computer matches operation to be done
c. Check for special instructions or specifications
d. Confirm or add offsets for panel position
e. Double-check for “Z” offset if required
f. Confirm that the tools programmed match what is in the machine tool holder
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
Difficulty:
Specific training is required.
15Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PB2.4 Confirm part to be machined
a) Check materials to confirm parts against specifications
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
B3. PERFORM SET-UP OPERATIONS
PB3.1 Set-up mach�ne parts
For example:
a. Measure tool�ng
b. Check fixtures
c. Check tool holder
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
PB3.2 Verify machine set-up
For example:
a. Run test part to ensure proper set up
b. Set proper feed rates
c. Ensure proper chip load
d. Run test part to check s�ze and qual�ty
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
PB3.3 Perform test run
For example:
a. Run program to confirm:
That the program �s wr�tten correctly
16Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
Holes and groov�ng
S�ze
b) Check that material is not impeding the movement of the machine
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
B4. TROUBLESHOOT
PB4.1 Ident�fy �ssues related to programm�ng
For example:
Incorrect size (e.g., material)
Spell�ng errors �n program
Tool�ng arrangement
Incorrect specifications
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.2 Ident�fy �ssues related to mach�ne set-up
For example:
Vacuum, air and power
Emergency stop
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.3 Ident�fy �ssues related to tool�ng
For example:
Dull cutters
17Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
Incorrect s�ze
Inappropr�ate cutters for the mater�al
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.4 Resolve issues when possible
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
Difficulty:
The level of difficulty can vary according to the problem or situation.
PB4.5 Document �ssues
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PB4.6 Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Extremely important
C. MACHINE OPERATION
C1. MACHINE THE PART
PC1.1 Load material on machine
a. Ensure material is positioned properly
b. Ensure material hold down system is working
18Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
Difficulty:
Some knowledge and training on material handling equipment might be requ�red.
PC1.2 Run program
a. Start program (ensure spindles are running)
b. Monitor operations
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
PC1.3 Unload parts
a. Clean table (e.g., remove chips, debris, dust)
b. Stack machined parts in an organized fashion
c. Label parts when required
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
C2. FINALIZE WORK
PC2.1 Check mach�ned parts aga�nst standards
a. Inspect parts for qual�ty defects
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
19Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PC2.2 Check machined part against specifications
a. Compare to techn�cal draw�ng or work order
b. Verify parts count against work order
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Extremely important
PC2.3 Send mach�ned parts to next department
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
C3. DOCUMENT THE WORK
PC3.1 Complete work record
For example:
Document t�me
Document quant�ty
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
PC3.2 Complete non-conformance documents
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
20Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
C4. TROUBLESHOOT
PC4.1 Ident�fy �ssues related to mach�ne operat�on
For example:
Mach�ne malfunct�on
Tooling problems
Mater�al defects
Incomplete or �ncorrect documentat�on
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PC4.2 Resolve issues when possible
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
Difficulty:
The level of difficulty may vary according to the problem or situation.
PC4.3 Document �ssues
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PC4.4 Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Extremely important
21Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
D. MAINTENANCE
D1. PERFORM MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
PD1.1 Perform preventative maintenance operations according to manufacturer’s instructions or company’s procedures
For example:
Back-up CNC data
Check lubrication levels
Perform visual inspection of machine
Keep mach�ne clean
Clean filters
Check a�r l�nes for leaks/pressure
Frequency:
Accord�ng to ma�ntenance schedule
Relevance:
Extremely important
PD1.2 Identify problems with machine
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
PD1.3 Resolve machine problems when possible
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
Difficulty:
The level of difficulty can vary according to the problem or situation.
22Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
PD1.4 Ass�st techn�c�an w�th ma�ntenance or repa�rs as requ�red
Frequency:
S�tuat�onal
Relevance:
Important
E. HEALTH & SAFETY
E1. HANDLE MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS SAFELY
KE1.1 Recognize the WHMIS symbols
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/occup-travail/whmis-simdut/index_e.html/
KE1.2 Knowledge of material safety data sheets (MSDS)
KE1.3 Knowledge of hazardous material (HAZMAT) procedures
KE1.4 Knowledge of emergency procedures
For example:
Procedures specific to the machine (e.g., emergency stop)
Evacuation
Earthquake
Storms
Explosions
Fire
E2. USE PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT
E3. FOLLOW WORKPLACE SAFETY PROCEDURES
PE3.1 Follow safe bending, lifting and carrying procedures
For example:
a. Obtain assistance to move heavy loads
b. Use dollies, lifts or carts when possible
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely �mportant
23Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PE3.2 Follow all applicable safety regulations
For example:
Nat�onal leg�slat�on
Provincial legislation
Organ�sat�onal pol�c�es
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely important
E4. FOLLOW WORKPLACE SAFETY PROCEDURES
PE4.1 Keep work area free of clutter
For example:
Excess raw material
Unused tools
Work �n progress
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely important
PE4.2 Keep work area clean
For example:
a. Remove saw dust and other mater�als
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely important
24Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
PE4.3 Ensure that tools are in proper operating condition
For example:
a. Perform visual inspection to check for frayed cords, worn plugs, compressed a�r leaks, and wear of tool�ng
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely important
PE4.4 Comply w�th lock out and tag out procedures
Frequency:
Cont�nuously
Relevance:
Extremely important
PE4.5 Use dust collecting equipment
For example:
Dust collector
Vacuum
Frequency:
Da�ly
Relevance:
Important
F. TECHNICAL ATTRIBUTES
F1. KNOWLEDGE OF MACHINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
KF1.1 Knowledge of CNC mach�ne processes and components
For example:
Types of mot�ons
Types of worktables
Dr�ve systems
Sp�ndles
Tool changers
25Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
Types of tool�ng
Cutt�ng parameters
Hold down system
KF1.2 Knowledge of programm�ng software
For example:
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Parametric Design
Nest�ng Software
Post Processor
G-Code language
KF1.3 Knowledge of preventat�ve ma�ntenance procedures
For example:
Lubrication
Clean�ng
Bas�c mechan�cal processes
F2. KNOWLEDGE OF WOODWORKING
KF2.1 Knowledge of raw mater�als
a) Identify solid wood
Ident�fy common wood spec�es, use and propert�es
Differentiate between softwood and hardwood
b) Identify panel products
For example:
Veneer Core Plywood
Particle Board
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
c) Identify overlays
For example:
Melam�ne
26Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
Veneer
Plastic laminates
Vinyl
KF2.2 Knowledge of basic woodworking techniques
For example:
Understand joinery techniques
Knowledge of hardware
KF2.3 Knowledge of other tools and equ�pment
For example:
Hand tools
Portable power tools (pneumatic, electric)
Stat�onary equ�pment
Mater�al handl�ng equ�pment
Compressors
Conveyors
Dust collectors
A�r makeup
G. PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
G1. INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
PG1.1 Effective Communication
a. Commun�cate �n an honest, respectful and sens�t�ve manner
b. Present information/instructions clearly and effectively
c. Commun�cate techn�cal �nformat�on conc�sely
PG1.2 Flexibility and adaptability
a. Display a positive attitude in the face of ambiguity and change
b. Adapt to change in tasks and assignments to adapt to changing production pr�or�t�es
c. Learn and apply new knowledge
27Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operator
PG1.3 Professionalism
a. Demonstrate mature, respectful, fair, and equitable behaviours in all �nteract�ons and s�tuat�ons
PH1.4 In�t�at�ve
a. Br�ng �ssues to the attent�on of appropr�ate personnel as needed
b. Offer ideas or suggest modified approaches to address current situations or �ssues
G2. WORK PERFORMANCE SKILLS
PG2.1 Problem Solving
a. Identify problems and potential solutions
b. Discuss solutions with appropriate individuals
c. Implement solutions to problems
PG2.2 Efficient work methods
a) Use work methods that avo�d waste
For example:
T�me and effort
Mater�als
Space
Resources
Mot�on/transportat�on
Qual�ty
PG2.3 Concern for Safety
a. Understand and apply all Health and Safety regulat�ons
b. Recognize unsafe or potentially hazardous situations within workplace
c. Act to correct unsafe or potent�ally hazardous s�tuat�ons
PG2.4 Client Focus
a. Respond in a courteous and efficient manner to internal or external client requests
b. Ensure that quality standards are followed at all times to ensure client sat�sfact�on
28Nat�onal Occupat�onal Standards – CNC Operators
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Alain Albert, FP Innovations
Trevor Sandwell, Wood Manufactur�ng Counc�l
Roger Surette, Tr�angle K�tchen
Jean-Claude Boucher, Tr�angle K�tchen
Rénald Da�gle, CNC Automat�on
Murray Gray, Wood Manufacturing Council
Neville Jewell, Pacific Rim Cabinets
Ken Dreger, Superior Cabinets
Kirk Holland, Pacific Woodworking
Dennis Moen, BW Creative Wood Industries Ltd.
Kent Mayo, Pacific Rim Cabinets
Gilles Lamarre, Parwood
Robert Phillips, BW Creative Wood Industries Ltd.
Peter Bzovey, Superior Cabinets
Appendix “A”nAtionAl occupAtionAl StAndArdS-dAcum chArt For cnc operAtorS
Read SpecificationS and inStRuctionS
A1
Work prepArAtion
A
understand specifications and instructions
A1.1
Review specifications and instructions
A1.2
obtain MateRialS
A2
Request required materials
A2.1
inspect material
A2.2
pRepaRe MateRial
A3
Organize work area and material
A3.1
prepare raw material
A3.2
National Occupational Standards – CNC OperatorsWood Manufacturing Council
August 2008
29
tRoubleShoot
A4
peRfoRM StaRt-up opeRationS
B1
identify issues related to specifications and instructions
A4.1
inspect the machine
B1.1
Perform computer start-up sequence
B1.2
Check the tooling
B1.3
Create program as required
B2.1
Select the appropriate program
B2.2
Validate program
B2.3
execute pRogRaMMing opeRationS
B2
Set-up And progrAmming
B
Identify issues related to material
A4.2
Resolve issues when possible
A3.3
Document issues
A3.4
Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
A3.5
Confirm part to be machined
B2.4
tRoubleShoot
B4
identify issues related to programming
B4.1
identify issues related to machine set-up
B4.2
Machine the paRt
C1
Load material on machine
C1.1
Run program
C1.2
Unload parts
C1.3
finalize WoRk
C2
Check machined parts against standards
C2.1
Check machined parts against specifications
C2.2
Send machined parts to next department
C2.3
docuMent the WoRk
C3
Complete work record
C3.1
Complete non-conformance documents
C3.2
tRoubleShoot
C4
Identify issues related to machine operation
C4.1
Resolve issues when possible
C4.2
Document issues
C4.3
Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
C4.4
30
identify issues related to tooling
B4.3
Resolve issues when possible
B4.4
Document issues
B4.5
Refer outstanding problems to appropriate individuals
B4.6
mAchine operAtion
C
Set-up machine parts
B3.1
Verify machine set-up
B3.2
peRfoRM Set-up opeRationS
B3
Perform test run
B3.3
National Occupational Standards – CNC OperatorsWood Manufacturing Council
August 2008
handle MateRialS and pRoductS Safely
E1
Recognize the WHMIS symbols
E1.1
Knowledge of material safety data sheets (MSdS)
E1.2
Knowledge of hazardous material (HAZMAT) procedures
E1.3
uSe peRSonal Safety equipMent
E2
31
heAlth & SAFety
E
folloW WoRkplace Safety pRoceduReS
E3
Follow safe bending, lifting and carrying procedures
E3.1
Knowledge of emergency procedures
E1.4
Follow all applicable safety regulations
E3.2
keep WoRkplace Safe and clean
E4
Keep work area free of clutter
E4.1
Keep work area clean
E4.2
Ensure that tools are in proper operating conditions
E4.3
Comply with log out and tag out procedures
E4.4
Use dust collecting equipment
E4.5
mAintenAnce
D
peRfoRM Maintenance opeRationS
D1
Perform preventative maintenance operations according to manufacturer’s instructions or company’s procedure D1.1
Identify problems with machine
D1.2
Resolve machine problems when possible
D1.3
assist technician with maintenance or repairs as required
D1.4
National Occupational Standards – CNC OperatorsWood Manufacturing Council
August 2008
inteRpeRSonal SkillS
G1
effective communication
G1.1
Flexibility and adaptability
G1.2
Professionalism
G1.3
initiative
G1.4
perSonAl AttributeS
G
WoRk peRfoRMance SkillS
G2
Problem solving
G2.1
Efficient work methods
G2.2
Concern for safety
G2.3
Client focus
G2.4
technicAl AttributeS
F
knoWledge of Machine opeRation and Maintenance pRoceduReS F1
Knowledge of CNC machine processes and components
F1.1
Knowledge of programming software
F1.2
Knowledge of preventative maintenance procedures F1.3
knoWledge of WoodWoRking
F2
Knowledge of raw materials
F2.1
Knowledge of basic woodworking techniques
F2.2
Knowledge of other tools and equipment
F2.3
32
National Occupational Standards – CNC OperatorsWood Manufacturing Council
August 2008