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NATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE WASTE INCINERATION AND AFR CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT PRODUCTION
FINAL COMMENTS AND RESPONSE REPORT August 2007 – July 2008
Compiled by:
Report No : CKAF0203V4
Project No : E1101
Date : 22/09/2008
Author : Mr H Crous
ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE ASSOCIATES
PROJECT COMMENTS AND RESPONSE REPORT
© DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS & TOURISM; SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 2 OF 86
CONTENTS 1. Dr T Paterson, Aluminium Federation of Southern Africa (AFSA); 15/10/2007 ................................ 3 2. Mr B Bowles, eco2 (Lafarge NPC-CIMPOR); 26/10/2007................................................................ 3 3. Mr D Hughes, Plastics Federation of South Africa (PFSA); 06/11/2007........................................... 3 4. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 05/11/2007 ....................................................................................... 4 5. Mr B Wigston, Sentrachem; 07/11/2007.......................................................................................... 5 6. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 08/11/2007 ....................................................................................... 5 7. Mr G Rittner, Thermoselect; 08/11/2007.......................................................................................... 6 8. Mr A Cluett, Afrisam SA (Holcim); 09/11/2007................................................................................. 8 9. Mr E Otterman, PPC Cement; 15/11/2007 ...................................................................................... 9 10. Mr B Bowles, eco2 (Lafarge NPC-CIMPOR); 26/11/2007.............................................................. 10 11. Mr A Watson, Public Interest Consultants o.b.o. groundWork; 26/11/2007.................................... 10 12. Dr J Schoonraad, Enviroserv; 30/11/2007 ..................................................................................... 15 13. Dr L Lotter, Chemical and Allied Industries’ Association (CAIA); 12/12/2007................................. 17 14. Mr A Watson, Public Interest Consultants o.b.o. groundWork; 20/12/2007.................................... 27 15. Mr B Bowles, eco2 (Lafarge NPC-CIMPOR); 11/01/2008.............................................................. 35 16. Mr G Rittner, Thermoselect; 15/01/2008........................................................................................ 36 17. Mr H Linde, WC Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning; 17/01/2008 ....... 37 18. Mr B Bowles, eco2 (Lafarge NPC-CIMPOR); 28/01/2008.............................................................. 38 19. Mr E Otterman, Association of Cementitious Material Producers (ACMP); 07/03/2008 ................. 39 20. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 12/03/2008 ..................................................................................... 49 21. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 26/03/2008 ..................................................................................... 53 22. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 27/03/2008 ..................................................................................... 55 23. Port Shepstone Community Meeting; 12/04/2008 ......................................................................... 57 24. Lichtenburg Community Meeting; 19/04/2008 ............................................................................... 64 25. Port Elizabeth Community Meeting; 21/04/2008............................................................................ 67 26. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 17/04/2008 ..................................................................................... 73 27. Mr R Euripidou, groundWork; 24/04/2008 ..................................................................................... 77 28. Mr E Otterman, ACMP; 12/05/2008............................................................................................... 81 29. Mr P Botha, AfriSam (Holcim); 07/05/2008.................................................................................... 85 30. Mr S Prithiraj, Thermopower Process Technology; 15/05/2008 ..................................................... 85 ANNEXURE 1: Comments from Mr A Watson o.b.o. groundWork (20/12/2007) ................................... 86
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
3 O
F 8
6
1.
Dr
T P
ate
rso
n,
Alu
min
ium
Fed
era
tio
n o
f S
ou
thern
Afr
ica (
AF
SA
); 1
5/1
0/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
I w
as a
t th
e p
ub
lic m
eetin
g r
egard
ing t
he a
ir c
lean
liness le
gis
lation
he
ld o
n
10th
Octo
ber.
Item
3 f
rom
the h
ando
ut titled "
Lis
ted A
ctivi
ties a
nd M
inim
um
Em
issio
ns
Sta
ndard
s P
roje
ct"
giv
es th
e b
asis
for
the
sele
ctio
n c
rite
ria. T
his
is "
that
option t
hat
pro
vid
es the
most benefit
or
causes th
e lea
st dam
age to th
e
environm
ent as a
who
le,
at
a c
ost accepta
ble
to s
ocie
ty,
in t
he lon
g term
as
well
as in th
e s
hort
term
". T
his
is t
he e
ssence
of
the e
nvi
ronm
enta
l asp
ect of
susta
ina
ble
de
velo
pm
ent and c
an
not
be f
aulted a
s a
concept.
Susta
inab
le
develo
pm
ent re
late
s to p
eo
ple
, pro
speri
ty a
nd p
lan
et a
nd is
app
lied loca
lly,
regio
na
lly a
nd g
loba
lly.
Ho
we
ver,
the p
olic
ies y
ou s
uggest
do n
ot
app
ear
to m
eet th
is c
rite
rion. T
he
y "a
re t
o b
e b
ase
d (
on
ly?)
on
goo
d s
cie
nce a
nd
robust
data
." W
hat am
I n
ot
unders
tand
ing
? A
ltern
ative
ly h
as a
cost b
enefit
assessm
ent been
undert
aken a
nd w
here
can t
his
be a
ccessed?
There
has n
ot
bee
n a
cost
benefit
ana
lysis
do
ne b
y th
e D
ep
art
ment, this
stu
dy
is n
ot to
dete
rmin
e f
easib
ility
of
the t
echno
logie
s,
but m
ere
ly t
he
accepta
bili
ty o
f th
e t
echn
olo
gie
s b
ein
g c
onsid
ere
d.
A
lthou
gh incin
era
tion
is m
ore
expensiv
e th
an lan
dfilli
ng, D
EA
T o
bta
ine
d
info
rmatio
n w
hic
h identifies that th
e c
osts
associa
ted
with
co-p
rocessin
g w
ill
be s
imila
r to
that
of
lan
dfilli
ng.
2.
Mr
B B
ow
les, eco
2 (
Lafa
rge N
PC
-CIM
PO
R);
26/1
0/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
On the p
.25 ta
ble
Jorn
[D
r Lauri
dsen]
giv
es a
Lis
t of
Waste
Typ
es a
nd
in
clu
des S
ut as a
typ
e t
hat canno
t be
ha
ndle
d b
y cem
ent kiln
s. W
ould
you
expla
in w
hat
this
and t
he
oth
er
waste
typ
es s
ho
wn a
re? (Referring to
Literature Review on High Temperature Therm
al Treatment of Hazardous
Waste, COWI, 10/11/2007)
The term
SU
T =
So
lids (
un-t
reate
d)
refe
rs to d
ed
icate
d h
aza
rdo
us w
aste
in
cin
era
tion p
lants
wh
ere
a c
rane c
an loa
d a
bout
2 5
00
kg o
f untr
eate
d s
olid
s
(of m
an
y kin
ds)
direct in
to t
he r
ota
ry k
iln. T
hat
is n
ot n
orm
ally
do
ne in a
cem
ent kiln
, w
here
th
e s
olid
s n
orm
ally
has to b
e tre
ate
d a
nd c
ha
nge
d into
m
inor
constit
uen
ts b
efo
re intr
oducin
g it to
th
e k
iln.
3.
Mr
D H
ug
hes, P
lasti
cs F
ed
era
tio
n o
f S
ou
th A
fric
a (
PF
SA
); 0
6/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Sin
ce
the
Pla
stic
s F
edera
tion h
as li
ttle
un
ders
tan
din
g o
f th
e c
em
ent
pro
duction p
rocess,
we h
ave n
oth
ing o
f valu
e t
o o
ffer
opposite th
e
docum
ent
you s
ent.
(Referring to ‘South African Cement Kiln Technology
and Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous
Waste’, SINTEF, 05/11/2007)
Note
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
4 O
F 8
6
4.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
05/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
1. C
an y
ou p
lease u
rgently
em
ail
me c
opie
s o
f th
e d
ocs y
ou a
re u
sin
g in t
his
pro
cess (
liste
d b
elo
w)
as w
ell
as a
ny
pre
vio
us r
ele
vant
polic
y pap
ers
used
by
the D
EA
T in
th
is p
rocess:
- N
atio
na
l Waste
Managem
ent
Str
ate
gy
(NW
MS
), 1
5 O
cto
ber
19
99
(Revi
sio
n 2
009/2
010)
- W
hite
Pap
er
on I
nte
gra
ted P
ollu
tion &
Waste
Manag
em
ent (I
PW
M),
2000
- N
atio
na
l Environm
enta
l Manag
em
ent: W
aste
Act (2
007/2
008)
- T
he e
merg
ing H
ea
lth C
are
Waste
Mana
gem
ent P
olic
y (2
008)
- A
nd d
o w
e k
now
whe
n th
e w
aste
min
imis
atio
n a
nd landfill
polic
ies w
ill b
e
ava
ilab
le? A
re t
here
an
y dra
fts y
et?
Ple
ase n
ote
that
the
Nation
al W
aste
Manag
em
ent S
tra
teg
y, T
he W
hite
Paper
on In
tegra
ted P
ollu
tion &
Waste
Ma
nag
em
ent and t
he D
raft
Health C
are
W
aste
Manag
em
ent P
olic
y are
on t
he D
EA
T w
ebsite
at
http:w
ww
.environm
ent.go
v.za
. T
he f
irst tw
o d
ocum
ents
are
un
der
the
head
ing p
olic
ies a
nd leg
isla
tion
an
d th
e D
raft
HC
RW
polic
y is
und
er
the
N
WM
S im
ple
menta
tion p
roje
ct
whic
h is
vis
ible
on t
he h
om
epage. W
e h
ave
ho
we
ver
for
your
con
venie
nce e
-maile
d y
ou c
op
ies o
f th
e d
ocum
ents
thro
ugh
our
consu
ltan
t M
r H
Cro
us.
[E-m
ailed on 07/11/2007 and 12/11/2007]
Work
with
respect
to t
he d
eve
lopm
ent of
a W
aste
Min
imis
atio
n P
olic
y a
nd
Landfill
Po
licy
is o
ngo
ing th
rough t
he im
ple
menta
tion
of
the D
irecto
rate
’s
busin
ess p
lan, a
lthoug
h s
pecific
pro
jects
have y
et
bee
n c
om
ple
ted
2. P
lease
pro
vide m
e w
ith w
hate
ver
data
yo
u a
re y
ou h
ave a
vaila
ble
on
curr
ent cem
ent kiln
em
issio
ns a
nd c
om
plia
nce?
For
curr
ent kiln
em
issio
ns,
we r
efe
r yo
u to t
he C
em
ent K
iln T
echno
log
y A
ssessm
ent w
hic
h h
as just bee
n c
om
ple
ted a
nd
dis
trib
ute
d. T
he in
form
atio
n
as f
ar
as it
is a
vaila
ble
is in
clu
de
d to
ward
the e
nd o
f th
e d
ocum
ent in
a t
ab
le
form
at on p
ag
es 4
7 a
nd 4
8.
3. T
here
are
a r
ang
e o
f figu
res f
or
the p
ote
ntial w
aste
arisin
g in S
A y
et
non
e
of
these f
igure
s is
availa
ble
in t
he c
onsultation d
ocs y
ou h
ave
pro
vid
ed u
s.
Ple
ase g
ive m
e a
bre
akdo
wn b
y w
aste
typ
e y
ou a
re u
sin
g w
hic
h is e
ssentia
l fo
r dete
rmin
atio
n o
f appro
priate
tre
atm
ent or
elim
inatio
n a
ltern
ative
s. D
o
you
ha
ve a
ny
additio
na
l info
rmatio
n o
r da
ta o
n th
is? (
CO
WI in
their
“lite
ratu
re r
evi
ew
” pro
vid
e s
om
e d
ata
fro
m D
enm
ark
but N
OT
SA
)
The w
aste
typ
es b
ein
g u
se
d w
ill,
as f
ar
as it
is a
vaila
ble
be c
onta
ine
d in a
docum
ent w
hic
h h
as b
een identified in t
he T
OR
for
the
Inte
rnationa
l C
onsultant
“The C
om
para
tive
Assessm
ent of
South
Afr
ican v
ers
us
inte
rnation
al w
aste
pro
file
s”.
This
outp
ut
will
on
ly b
e f
inalis
ed to
ward
s th
e e
nd
of
Nove
mber
beg
innin
g o
f D
ecem
ber.
It w
ill b
e d
istr
ibute
d t
o a
ll once
finalis
ed.
4. P
lease
cla
rify
exactly
wh
at are
the “
Curr
ent a
pp
lications (
PP
C 5
, H
olc
im
1,N
PC
1)
Oth
ers
? P
lease a
lso c
larify
ho
w m
an
y kiln
s a
re p
ropose
d to
co-
pro
cess a
t each f
acili
ty e
tc.
The n
um
ber
of
EIA
ap
plic
ations initia
ted t
o d
ate
are
: -
1 H
olc
im/A
fris
am
(R
e-
applic
atio
n f
or
the D
udfie
ld p
lant )
-
1 N
PC
/Cim
por
EIA
ha
ve b
een in
itiate
d (
Sim
um
a p
lant,
Kw
aZ
ulu
Nata
l)
- 5 P
PC
EIA
app
lications (
Herc
ule
s, G
aute
ng; D
waa
lboom
, Lim
popo; S
lurr
y,
Nort
h W
est; P
ort
Eliz
abe
th,
Easte
rn C
ap
e a
nd D
e H
oe
k, W
este
rn C
ape)
T
he n
um
ber
of kiln
s w
hic
h a
re in
ten
ded
to c
o-p
rocess h
aza
rdo
us w
aste
are
to
som
e e
xte
nt conta
ined in
the C
em
ent K
iln T
echno
log
y A
ssessm
ent,
ho
we
ver
we w
ould
sugg
est
for
the d
efin
itive
answ
er
you s
hou
ld c
heck the
EIA
’s. A
t our
next
Sta
kehold
er
meetin
g w
hen
the
indu
str
y is
pre
se
nt it w
ill
als
o b
e p
ossib
le to c
onfirm
the n
um
ber.
5. P
lease
cla
rify
what
is m
eant b
y th
e D
EA
T c
om
ment th
at:
“Tw
o d
ecis
ions h
ave b
een f
ina
lize
d w
hic
h w
ere
conflic
ting –
ble
ndin
g
pla
tform
appro
ved b
ut n
ot constr
ucte
d d
ue
to u
ncert
ain
ty w
.r.t
the
kiln
s”
- W
hat are
the t
wo d
ecis
ion
s? W
hy
are
th
ey
co
nflic
ting
and w
hat
was th
e
uncert
ain
ty?
The c
om
ment th
at tw
o c
onflic
ting d
ecis
ions h
ave b
een r
eached r
ela
ted t
o th
e
EIA
auth
orisatio
n w
hic
h w
as d
enie
d b
y th
e N
ort
h W
est P
rovi
nce
in 2
005 f
or
Holc
im’s
pro
pose
d u
se o
f A
FR
’s a
t th
eir D
udfie
ld p
lant
and t
he a
uth
orisation
w
hic
h w
as g
ran
ted b
y th
e N
ort
hern
Cap
e P
rovin
ce f
or
essentially
the s
am
e
activ
ity
at
the
Ulc
o p
lant. I
t should
, h
ow
eve
r, b
e q
ua
lifie
d th
at th
e r
easo
ns f
or
the n
ega
tive
RO
D d
id n
ot re
late
to
the
techn
olo
gy
but
to th
e a
ir q
ua
lity
stu
dy
whic
h d
id n
ot
ad
equ
ate
ly c
onsid
er
all
cum
ula
tive
impacts
. T
he “
uncert
ain
ty”
rela
tes t
o th
e b
lendin
g p
latf
orm
, w
hic
h h
as b
een a
ppro
ved
, bu
t no
capital w
ill
be s
pe
nt o
n th
e d
eve
lopm
ent un
til i
t is
know
n th
at th
e k
ilns w
ill b
e a
ble
to
accept th
e b
len
ded w
aste
s.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
5 O
F 8
6
5.
Mr
B W
igsto
n,
Sen
trach
em
; 07/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
I am
happ
y w
ith th
is d
ocum
ent a
nd s
upport
the t
esting o
f alte
rna
te f
ue
ls in
cert
ain
appro
ved k
ilns. H
ow
ever
wha
t is
not m
entio
ne
d h
ere
is th
at th
e
cem
ent in
dustr
y has d
ifficulti
es in h
and
ling s
ign
ific
ant q
uantities o
f w
aste
s
with
hig
h c
hlo
rine c
on
tents
or
waste
s c
onta
inin
g s
ignific
ant he
avy
meta
ls,
especia
lly m
erc
ury
. F
or
this
reason d
isposa
l in
appro
ved la
ndfills
must
rem
ain
part
of
the p
olic
y m
ix u
ntil a
ltern
ate
techn
olo
gie
s b
ecom
e technic
ally
and e
conom
ically
feasib
le.
These a
ltern
ate
techno
logie
s s
hould
inclu
de
gasific
ation w
hic
h s
ho
ws th
e m
ost pro
mis
e in
term
s o
f energ
y eff
icie
ncy/
recovery
while
re
ducin
g u
naccepta
ble
toxic
em
issio
ns. (Referring
to ‘South African Cement Kiln Technology and Evaluation of its Ability to Co-
process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste’, SINTEF, 05/11/2007)
Note
d. T
he li
mita
tions p
ose
d b
y th
e c
om
positi
on
of
cert
ain
waste
str
eam
s a
re
bein
g c
onsid
ere
d a
nd is d
iscussed in
the litera
ture
revie
ws o
n Co-processing
of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials, and Hazardous W
astes in Cement
Kilns (
SIN
TE
F,
06/0
9/2
007)
and Cement Production Technology (
SIN
TE
F,
21/0
9/2
007).
D
EA
T is
consid
eri
ng h
igh t
em
pera
ture
therm
al t
reatm
ent a
nd u
se o
f A
FR
s in
cem
ent kiln
s a
s t
wo o
f th
e o
ptions f
or
inte
gra
ted m
ana
gem
ent of
waste
in S
A,
togeth
er
with
la
ndfill
(altho
ugh th
e least fa
voure
d a
ltern
ative
) a
nd o
ther
options s
uch a
s m
inim
isatio
n a
nd r
ecyc
ling, as ide
ntif
ied in
the
Waste
M
ana
gem
ent H
iera
rch
y, w
hic
h r
eflects
an inte
gra
ted w
aste
managem
ent
sys
tem
.
6.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
08/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Thanks f
or
all
the d
ocs. I h
ave
a c
ou
ple
of
observ
ation
s a
nd q
ueri
es f
rom
som
e o
f th
e r
eport
s w
e h
ave r
evie
wed t
hus f
ar.
Ple
ase
respond A
SA
P to
assis
t us in
keep
ing t
o t
he N
ovem
ber
26 d
ea
dlin
e:
1. H
anre
wh
y on e
art
h a
re t
he d
ocum
ents
fro
m K
are
pro
tecte
d s
o th
at
you
can’t
co
py
from
them
or
use the
acro
bat
ed
itin
g f
eatu
res f
or
com
ments
and
revi
ew
. T
his
is s
illy
for
a c
onsulta
tion d
ocum
ent and v
iew
ed a
s
obstr
uctio
nis
t.
The r
estr
ictio
n o
n e
ditin
g a
nd c
op
ying d
ocum
ents
is a
SIN
TE
F p
olic
y to
avoid
m
isuse. T
he d
ocum
ent com
positi
on is
in n
o w
ay
inte
nded t
o b
e
obstr
uctio
nis
t.
2. W
hils
t K
are
dis
cusses the k
ilns h
e h
as v
isited in g
en
era
l term
s that g
ives
little a
wa
y th
e t
able
s o
n p
ages 4
7 a
nd
48 (
attach
ed)
are
quite inte
restin
g.
Not le
ast b
ecause f
or
the k
ilns c
urr
ently
pro
cessin
g s
econdary
mate
rials
th
ere
is n
o d
ioxin
, P
CB
, m
eta
ls o
r V
OC
data
. T
his
is s
imply
shockin
g.
Does
this
mean that
these k
ilns w
ere
ne
ver
ever
teste
d f
or
these o
r d
oes t
his
m
ean the s
om
e o
f th
e d
ata
for
various k
ilns h
ave b
een
om
itted? If
the latt
er
is f
ound t
o b
e the
case th
en I w
ould
inte
rpre
t th
is a
s b
ein
g d
elib
era
tely
m
isle
adin
g!
I th
ere
fore
urg
e y
ou to d
isclo
se
ALL d
ata
ava
ilable
for
ALL
the
cem
ent kiln
s in
SA
(even t
hose n
ot
pro
posin
g to b
urn
AF
R s
ince
these
data
are
als
o p
red
ictive
of
the s
tatu
s q
uo in S
A.
Note
that
all
the e
mis
sio
n t
est re
sults
th
at
were
pro
vid
ed h
ave b
een inclu
de
d
in t
he d
ocum
ent – n
one h
ave
bee
n o
mitt
ed. W
here
results
were
not
inclu
de
d,
the t
ests
ha
ve n
ot b
een
do
ne,
i.e. th
e r
ealit
y is
that
not
man
y kiln
s h
ave d
one
VO
C o
r d
ioxin
em
issio
n tests
.
3. T
he tem
pera
ture
s o
f th
e E
SP
s in
Port
Eliz
abeth
an
d S
lurr
y # 7
are
hig
h
and t
hese a
re lik
ely
to p
rod
uce a
lot
of
dio
xin
s. N
Ox le
vels
are
genera
lly
very
hig
h a
lso.
Note
d. E
xit g
as t
em
pera
ture
is o
ne o
f a n
um
ber
of
facto
rs that m
ay
aff
ect th
e
leve
l of
dio
xin
form
atio
n in t
herm
al p
rocesses. D
ue t
o t
he n
atu
re o
f th
e
pro
cess, N
Ox e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
cem
ent kiln
s a
re r
ela
tive
ly h
igh
. 4. T
he m
eta
ls d
ata
for
Afr
isam
sa
ys “
See
att
achm
ent”
whic
h is a
lso
not
pro
vid
ed –
ple
ase p
rovid
e t
hese d
ata
.
Data
for
Afr
isam
attached t
o e
-mail,
an
d w
ould
be inclu
ded
in the
fin
al
vers
ion o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and Evaluation
of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
5. A
lso p
lease p
rovi
de a
ny
oth
er
data
wh
ich c
an b
e u
sed to
valid
ate
th
ese
genera
lly s
ing
le d
ata
po
ints
? F
rom
the d
ata
pro
vid
ed a
nd o
mitt
ed it d
oes n
ot
appe
ar
that a tru
e p
ictu
re h
as b
ee
n p
rese
nte
d.
Deta
iled investig
ations a
nd c
onsid
era
tions o
f each k
iln w
ould
form
part
of
the
specific
EIA
s t
hat
are
bein
g c
onducte
d,
whic
h w
ou
ld b
e r
evie
wed w
ithin
the
conte
xt of
BA
T/B
EP
an
d r
equirem
ents
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
6 O
F 8
6
7.
Mr
G R
ittn
er,
Th
erm
osele
ct;
08/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
I know
that
is u
nfo
rtun
ate
that
we a
re o
nly
no
w g
ett
ing
invo
lved a
t a t
ime
when t
his
work
shop h
as r
eached a
n a
dvance
d s
tag
e,
but
we w
ere
in
vite
d
to a
ttend
at
a v
ery
late
sta
ge. T
here
are
a n
um
ber
of
conclu
sio
ns w
ith w
hic
h
we d
o n
ot
agre
e.
The f
ollo
win
g c
om
ments
are
base
d o
n in
form
atio
n r
eceiv
ed f
rom
T
herm
osele
ct’s
hea
d o
ffic
e:-
• T
he U
K w
ill n
ot
be b
uild
ing a
ny
furt
her
incin
era
tio
n p
lants
. A
ltho
ugh
there
w
ill n
ot b
e a
ny
"bann
ing
" of
incin
era
tion p
lants
, th
e f
act
is that
the
y w
ill
not m
eet th
e c
urr
ent e
nviro
nm
enta
l sta
nds;
• I
n G
erm
an
y at th
e m
om
ent it
is n
ot
an issue a
s th
ey
ha
ve a
larg
e n
um
ber
of
exis
ting incin
era
tio
n p
lan
ts a
nd a
re n
ot p
lan
nin
g a
ny
add
itiona
l ones
for
the f
ore
seeab
le f
utu
re;.
• J
apan h
as b
uilt
an
d is o
pera
ting 7
gasific
ation p
lants
usin
g T
herm
osele
ct
techno
log
y;
• I
n C
anad
a, th
e C
ity
of
Mon
treal h
as just re
ceiv
ed
a r
ep
ort
on a
n
inve
stigation it com
mis
sio
ned r
ecom
mendin
g t
he e
rection o
f fo
ur
Therm
osele
ct gasific
ation p
lants
for
the
tre
atm
ent of
the c
ity’
s w
aste
. T
he
report
conclu
des t
hat
incin
era
tion
will
not
meet th
e c
ity’
s e
nvironm
enta
l sta
ndard
s.
Ple
ase f
ind m
y tr
ansla
tion
of
an a
rtic
le c
om
ing f
rom
Montr
eal,
attache
d. (s
ee n
ext p
age)
Therm
osele
ct has b
een p
art
icip
ating in t
he p
rocess s
ince 3
Octo
ber
200
7,
and e
ffectiv
ely
only
mis
sed o
ut o
n th
e initia
l focus g
rou
p m
eetin
g in A
ug
ust
2007
, th
e f
irst m
eetin
g w
he
re s
takehold
ers
were
en
ga
ged w
ith, an
d w
as
pro
vid
ed w
ith a
ll pro
ject d
ocum
ents
gen
era
ted
up t
o 3
Octo
ber.
T
herm
osele
ct m
anufa
ctu
res a
nd m
ark
ets
gasific
atio
n p
lants
for
the th
erm
al
treatm
ent of
genera
l and h
aza
rdous w
aste
. A
lthou
gh indic
atio
ns a
re p
rovid
ed
that
incin
era
tion
(pre
sum
ably
co
nvention
al in
cin
era
tio
n p
lants
) w
ou
ld n
ot
be
support
ed in s
om
e c
ountr
ies, no s
up
port
ing d
ocum
enta
tion w
as p
rovid
ed.
Researc
h d
one a
s p
art
of
the p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess f
ound tha
t ‘in
cin
era
tors
’ can a
nd a
re c
om
ply
ing w
ith c
urr
ent
sta
nd
ard
s o
f th
e E
U
Directive
200
0/7
6E
C (
se
e Literature Review on High Temperature Therm
al
Treatment of Hazardous W
aste
- C
OW
I, 1
0/1
1/2
00
7).
T
he c
urr
ent po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess c
onsid
ers
the
hig
h tem
pera
ture
th
erm
al t
reatm
ent of
waste
, and d
oes n
ot
attem
pt to
evalu
ate
sp
ecific
therm
al
treatm
ent te
chno
logie
s (
e.g
. in
cin
era
tio
n, p
yroly
sis
, ga
sific
atio
n e
tc.)
. In
tern
atio
na
l leg
isla
tion
an
d s
tandard
s r
efe
rs to incin
era
tion in g
enera
l, and
no
wh
ere
is g
asific
ation s
ing
led-o
ut as a
part
icula
r or
pre
ferr
ed therm
al
treatm
ent te
chno
log
y.
Regard
ing th
e d
isposal of
waste
in c
em
ent kiln
s, T
herm
osele
ct fe
els
th
at
you
are
lik
ely
to e
ncou
nte
r th
e f
ollo
win
g p
rob
lem
s:
• T
he r
ate
at
whic
h w
aste
ca
n b
e intr
oduce
d into
a c
em
ent kiln
is v
ery
lim
ited. It
will
on
ly m
ake a
min
or
contr
ibution
to s
olv
ing the
pro
ble
m o
f dis
posin
g o
f M
SW
in c
ities;
• T
he t
ype o
f w
aste
th
at
is to b
e intr
od
uced into
th
e k
ilns n
eeds t
o b
e
care
fully
sele
cte
d. T
his
is c
ostly
an
d r
esults in
majo
r odour
em
issio
n. In
G
erm
an
y th
is y
ear,
tw
o s
uch w
aste
sort
ing s
ites w
ere
clo
sed b
ecause o
f th
e v
ery
hig
h o
do
ur
level experie
nced b
y th
e s
urr
ound
ing p
opu
lation
; an
d
• t
o c
lean t
he g
as le
avin
g th
e c
em
ent kiln
req
uires m
ajo
r capital
inve
stm
ents
in tre
atm
ent equip
ment.
We k
now
th
at
it w
ill b
e in
co
nve
nie
nt to
go b
ack to the
beg
inn
ing
, an
d th
at
there
is g
reat
pre
ssure
fro
m c
onsulta
nts
ad
vocating
incin
era
tio
n.
But
we
belie
ve t
hat
SA
shou
ld n
ot
go d
ow
n t
his
path
at a
tim
e w
hen t
he E
C is
alrea
dy
pre
parin
g th
e p
ape
r A
nn
ex V
of
the D
irective 2
000/7
6/E
C. If
at
all
possib
le w
e w
ou
ld lik
e to g
et th
e c
hance
to m
ake a
pre
senta
tio
n d
uri
ng
a
next
work
shop.
Cem
ent kiln
s c
an in
fact accom
modate
larg
e v
olu
mes o
f w
aste
as A
FR
depe
nd
ing o
n t
he t
ype a
nd c
om
positi
on th
ere
of.
Unsort
ed m
unic
ipa
l w
aste
w
ould
not b
e u
sed
as A
FR
, and t
he inte
ntion
is n
ot to
solv
e M
SW
dis
posal
pro
ble
ms u
sin
g c
em
ent kiln
s.
The t
ypes o
f w
aste
used
as A
FR
are
eva
luate
d b
ased o
n c
ert
ain
co
nstr
ain
ts
associa
ted
with k
ilns a
nd r
equire
d p
roduct q
ua
lity,
em
issio
n s
tandard
s e
tc.
Pre
-pro
cessin
g/b
len
din
g o
f w
aste
is a
n a
ctivity
that re
quires c
are
ful
managem
ent to
pre
vent
the
pro
ble
ms m
entio
ned.
An
y in
vestm
ent re
quire
d to c
om
ply
with
sta
nd
ard
s w
ould
be f
or
the
eva
luation o
f each
com
pany.
Due t
o th
e inhere
nt chara
cte
ristic
s o
f cem
ent
kiln
s, m
ost w
ould
no
t re
qu
ire m
ajo
r in
vestm
ent in
to tre
atm
ent equip
ment.
It is
not cle
ar
wh
y or
what
exactly
is im
plie
d b
y g
oin
g b
ack to the b
egin
nin
g,
as these c
om
ments
were
receiv
ed a
t a
rela
tive
ly e
arl
y sta
ge a
nd
incorp
ora
ted into
th
e p
olic
y pro
cess. T
he r
ele
vance o
f A
nn
ex 5
is a
lso
uncle
ar.
Alth
oug
h r
eq
uests
for
a p
resenta
tio
n a
t sta
kehold
er
work
shops w
ere
re
ceiv
ed, th
is w
as n
ot
possib
le d
ue
to t
ime c
onstr
ain
ts a
nd T
herm
osele
ct’s
prim
ary
inte
ntion o
f advoca
ting
the
ir s
pecific
gasific
atio
n techn
olo
gy
(confirm
ed d
uring
a m
eetin
g b
etw
ee
n T
herm
osele
ct and M
r H
Cro
us (
ES
A)
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
7 O
F 8
6
on 2
9 O
cto
ber
200
7),
an
d t
he e
valu
atio
n o
f specific
th
erm
al t
reatm
ent
techno
log
ies n
ot
with
in t
he s
cope o
f th
e p
olic
y de
ve
lop
ment pro
cess.
It m
ust be n
ote
d th
at th
e c
onsulta
nts
ha
ve n
ot
be
en e
mplo
yed t
o p
ressure
th
e D
epart
ment to
make a
ny
decis
ions. T
he c
onsultants
have b
een e
mplo
yed
to p
rovi
de t
he s
cie
nce a
sso
cia
ted
with th
e t
wo tech
nolo
gie
s.
Art
icle
Tra
nsla
tio
n
ww
w.lesaff
aires.c
om
fr
om
27.1
0. til 2.1
1.2
007
Pro
ject
for
ab
ou
t 1 b
illio
n $
to
tre
at
the w
aste
in
th
e r
eg
ion
of
Mo
ntr
eal
En
viro
nm
ent: A
stu
dy
pro
poses the c
onstr
uctio
n o
f fo
ur
pla
nts
for
the
gasific
ation o
f w
aste
. It is
possib
le th
at th
e C
ity
of
Montr
eal is
goin
g to
invest m
ore
than o
ne
bill
ion
dolla
rs to e
sta
blis
h a
centr
e to tre
at m
unic
ipa
l w
aste
usin
g t
he late
st
techno
log
y.
This
is the c
onclu
sio
n o
f a s
tud
y, d
one b
y S
NC
-Lavalin
an
d S
olin
ov,
a c
op
y of
wh
ich h
as b
ee
n o
bta
ine
d b
y “L
es A
ffaires”.
This
stu
dy
recom
mends a
ve
ry n
ew
solu
tion t
o w
aste
tre
atm
ent th
at
will
re
qu
ire b
uild
ing f
our
pla
nts
to
gasify
the w
aste
inste
ad
of
dis
posin
g it
in lan
dfills
, re
su
lting in e
xtr
em
ely
lo
w
em
issio
ns o
f gre
en h
ouse g
ases.
In a
dditio
n, th
e t
wo c
om
panie
s s
ugg
est th
e c
onstr
uctio
n o
f fo
ur
to s
ix
centr
es f
or
the c
om
postin
g o
f pla
nt
waste
, w
hic
h w
ill b
e c
olle
cte
d
separa
tely
. T
he s
tud
y, c
om
mis
sio
ned b
y th
e M
etr
opo
litan A
uth
ority
of
Montr
eal, r
ecom
mends that th
e f
our
gasific
ation p
lants
should
be
loca
ted a
t site
s w
ithin
th
e c
ity
of
Mo
ntr
eal its
elf a
nd in th
e n
ort
hern
an
d s
outh
ern
dis
tric
ts.
Waste
to
pro
du
ce e
nerg
y.
In c
ontr
ast to
wh
at h
ap
pen
s w
ith incin
era
tion
, still
in u
se in
Qu
ebec a
nd
Levis
, g
asific
atio
n r
esu
lts in
pra
ctic
ally
no e
mis
sio
n o
f an
y C
O2. D
urin
g th
e
gasific
ation p
rocess, th
e w
aste
is h
eate
d t
o u
p to 2
00
0 d
egre
es C
els
ius a
nd
reacte
d w
ith a
lim
ited a
mount of
oxyg
en. T
he p
rocess p
roduces a
syn
thetic
gas w
hic
h is
co
llecte
d a
nd u
sed a
s a
fuel in
ste
ad o
f be
ing b
low
n into
th
e
atm
osphere
. T
he a
uth
ors
of
the
stu
dy
estim
ate
the c
ost of
constr
ucting th
e f
our
pla
nts
at
abou
t $ 8
50 m
illio
n,
with
a t
ota
l w
ork
ing c
ap
acity
of
87
5 0
00 to
nnes/y
ear.
A
ccord
ing to t
he s
tud
y, a
lthough
the
pro
cess is
exp
ensiv
e, it h
as s
om
e
sig
nific
an
t ad
vanta
ges c
om
pare
d w
ith incin
era
tion o
r la
ndfill
with b
iog
as
colle
ction
. T
his
techn
iqu
e a
lso e
limin
ate
s t
he p
roble
m o
f lix
ivia
te,
a liq
uid
pro
duce
d d
uri
ng t
he
decom
positio
n o
f la
nd f
illed w
aste
and w
hic
h n
ee
ds to
be tre
ate
d.
A f
urt
her
conclu
sio
n o
f th
e s
tud
y b
y S
NC
-La
valin
an
d S
olin
ov,
is th
at
gasific
ation d
oes n
ot pro
du
ce a
ny
ash o
r oth
er
mate
rial t
hat re
quires t
o b
e
dis
pose
d o
f in
a lan
dfill,
but
inste
ad p
roduces m
eta
l an
d m
inera
l gra
nu
late
s,
whic
h c
an b
e u
sed b
y in
du
str
y.
TH
ER
MO
SE
LE
CT
, th
e c
ho
sen S
wis
s techn
olo
gy
supp
lier
has industr
ial
siz
ed in o
pera
tions in Ita
ly,
Germ
an
y a
nd J
ap
an.
Any
pro
perly
manag
ed a
nd o
pera
ted therm
al w
aste
tre
atm
ent
pro
cess
is p
refe
rable
to landfill
in term
s o
f th
e W
ast
e M
anag
em
ent H
iera
rchy.
U
se o
f th
is s
ynth
etic g
as
as f
uel w
ould
ultim
ate
ly r
ele
ase C
O2.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
8 O
F 8
6
8.
Mr
A C
luett
, A
fris
am
SA
(H
olc
im);
09/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comment on South African Cement Kiln Technology and Evaluation of its
Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste’ (SINTEF,
05/11/2007):
P
ag
e #
P
ara
gra
ph
/ A
sp
ec
t R
ea
ds
R
ec
om
men
da
tio
n/
Co
mm
en
t
13/7
5
1.4
Para
1
,seve
ral s
up
plie
rs
app
lied th
at
, S
eve
ral s
up
plie
rs
app
lied th
at
20/7
5
Para
3
In o
rder
to k
eep h
eat
losses a
t m
inim
um
In
ord
er
to k
eep h
eat
losses a
t a
min
imum
26/7
5
Para
1
speakin
g S
O2 a
nd N
O2.
em
issio
ns
speakin
g S
O2 a
nd N
O2
em
issio
ns
26/7
5
Para
2
As the in
dustr
y pro
duces
an e
qua
l w
eig
ht of
CO
2
and c
linker…
As the in
dustr
y pro
duces
an a
lmost equal m
ass o
f C
O2 a
nd c
linker…
(Industry figures indicate
that 942 kg CO
2 are
generated per ton of
clinker).
31/7
5
Bulle
t 1
Min
era
l w
aste
s c
onta
inin
g
sig
nific
an
tly
quantities
Min
era
l w
aste
s c
onta
inin
g
sig
nific
an
t qu
antities
34/7
5
6.1
Para
1
South
Afr
ican c
em
ent
pla
nts
was v
isited
South
Afr
ican c
em
ent
pla
nts
were
vis
ited
35/7
5
Pla
nt
leg
end
Lege
nd r
efe
rence t
o
Alp
ha
Ple
ase c
ha
nge
to H
olc
im
36/7
5
Fig
ure
7
Nath
al P
ort
land
Cem
ent
Nata
l Port
land C
em
ent
38/7
5
Fig
ure
9
Photo
not of
a k
iln
Ple
ase c
onsid
er
ch
ang
e
to a
ttached
ph
oto
. 40/7
5
Secon
d
bulle
t i.e
. E
scom
i.e
. E
SK
OM
“ “
air p
ollu
tion c
ontr
ol
insta
bili
ty.
air p
ollu
tion c
ontr
ol
insta
bili
ty w
here
fitt
ed
with
ES
Ps.
47/7
5
Table
U
lco C
linker
pro
ductio
n
130 0
00
Ulc
o C
linker
pro
ductio
n 1
300 0
00
48/7
5
Table
N
o E
nerg
y consum
ptio
n
(Mj/t clin
ker)
for
PP
C
kiln
s.
Insert
mis
sin
g r
ow
of
PP
C
Energ
y co
nsum
ptio
n
A p
hoto
gra
ph
of
the U
lco P
lant th
at sh
ow
s the
kiln
is p
rovid
ed a
s a
possib
le
repla
cem
ent fo
r "F
igure
9".
Note
d. T
he p
rop
osed c
orr
ectio
ns / a
mendm
ents
would
be inclu
ded
in the
final ve
rsio
n o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and
Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
9 O
F 8
6
9.
Mr
E O
tterm
an
, P
PC
Cem
en
t; 1
5/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comment on South African Cement Kiln Technology and Evaluation of its
Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste (SINTEF,
05/11/2007):
D
efi
nit
ion
s
The d
ocum
ent re
fers
to b
oth
ES
P a
nd
EP
for
an E
lectr
osta
tic P
recip
itato
r.
Secti
on
4.2
A
long t
erm
ave
rage
of
500
mg/N
M3 f
or
new
kiln
s is a
n E
uro
pea
n E
mis
sio
ns
Sta
ndard
that
do
es n
ot
take S
outh
Afr
ican c
on
ditio
ns into
accou
nt. S
ou
th
Afr
ican C
oa
l has h
igh
er
Nitr
ogen
conte
nt th
an o
ther
co
als
. A
more
realis
tic
sta
ndard
wou
ld b
e 1
00
0 m
g/N
m3 f
or
new
kiln
s.
Fig
ure
6
Ple
ase n
ote
that
Alp
ha is
no
w c
alle
d A
fris
am
, P
PC
als
o h
as a
cem
ent
opera
tio
n in G
erm
isto
n, calle
d J
up
iter,
not
in t
he d
iagra
m.
Fin
din
gs –
Exit
gas
co
nd
itio
nin
g
The p
ara
gra
ph ind
icate
s th
at lo
ng k
ilns,
with n
o e
xit
ga
s c
onditio
nin
g, m
ay
have f
avo
ura
ble
co
nditio
ns f
or
the f
orm
atio
n o
f dio
xin
s a
nd f
ura
ns. T
his
is
due t
o th
e f
act th
at
the
exit
gas tem
pera
ture
s a
re h
ighe
r th
an 2
00 D
eg
C.
The a
uth
or
of
the r
ep
ort
is r
em
inded th
at a
num
ber
of
cond
itions a
re
require
d f
or
the f
orm
atio
n o
f dio
xin
s a
nd f
ura
ns. T
he te
mpera
ture
is o
nly
one
of
those c
ond
itio
ns. T
he p
resence o
f th
e r
ight te
mpera
ture
win
do
w d
oes n
ot
ind
icate
dio
xin
form
atio
n, b
ut in
dic
ate
s th
at o
ne o
f th
e m
an
y con
ditio
ns
require
d is
pre
sent.
PP
C w
ould
ap
pre
cia
te m
ore
cla
rity
on w
hat h
as to b
e
“check
ed”
as q
uote
d in t
he r
eport
. P
ag
e 4
3
There
is e
xis
ting r
eg
ula
tion f
or
the s
tora
ge
an
d h
and
ling o
f w
aste
in S
outh
A
fric
a. T
he h
and
ling a
nd
sto
rage o
f A
FR
is c
urr
en
tly
regula
ted
by
that
leg
isla
tio
n.
Ple
ase a
lso f
ind
a f
ew
pic
ture
s f
or
Slu
rry,
Port
Eliz
ab
eth
, D
wa
alb
oom
, H
erc
ule
s.
Note
d. T
he E
P w
ill b
e a
mended
with E
SP
. T
he s
ettin
g o
f pro
pose
d C
o-p
rocessin
g E
mis
sio
n S
tan
dard
s h
as c
onsid
ere
d
the S
outh
Afr
ican c
onte
xt, b
ut a
lso inte
rnation
al s
tand
ard
s a
nd B
AT
/BE
P.
The p
roposed c
orr
ections / a
mendm
ents
wo
uld
be inclu
ded
in the
fin
al
vers
ion o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and Evaluation
of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
This
is n
ote
d a
nd a
ccepte
d,
the d
ocum
ent w
ill b
e a
men
ded.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
10
OF
86
10.
Mr
B B
ow
les, eco
2 (
Lafa
rge N
PC
-CIM
PO
R);
26/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Can y
ou
ad
vise
wh
en t
he g
uid
elin
es w
ill b
e is
sue
d?
Althou
gh e
nvi
sag
ed t
hat
the d
raft
gu
ide
line w
ou
ld b
e c
om
ple
ted b
y end 2
00
7,
the f
irst dra
ft Guideline for Treatment of Hazardous W
astes and Co-
processing of AFRs in Cement Kilns (
SIN
TE
F,
07/0
1/2
008)
was f
inalis
ed in
January
20
08 a
nd d
istr
ibute
d to
sta
kehold
ers
for
com
ment on 0
8/0
1/2
008
. A
t tw
o r
ecent
meetin
gs D
EA
T in
dic
ate
d t
hat
the
EIA
’s w
ould
be m
uch
sim
ple
r docum
ent to
com
ple
te b
ecause t
here
wou
ld b
e a
leg
al polic
y w
hic
h
would
pro
vid
e c
ert
ain
ty w
ith r
espect to
the
techn
olo
gy.
As I u
nders
tood it,
the s
cop
ing d
ocum
ent
wou
ld a
lso
not
be n
ecessary
for
each t
ype o
f fu
el,
tria
ls c
ou
ld s
till b
e n
ecessary
by
cem
ent kiln
s them
selv
es to d
ete
rmin
e
add
ition r
ate
s a
nd p
erf
orm
ance m
easure
ments
inclu
din
g e
mis
sio
n r
ate
s e
tc.
(wh
ich w
ould
be r
ep
ort
ed t
o g
ove
rnm
ent)
but
un
less a
kiln
was g
oin
g to
burn
som
eth
ing
tha
t w
as n
ot acknow
led
ged
as a
waste
fuel e
.g.
PC
B's
abo
ve 5
0 p
pm
or
usin
g a
fuel t
hat m
ay
conta
in a
n e
xce
ss o
f a p
art
icula
r conta
min
ant th
en
a s
cop
ing
docum
ent w
ou
ld n
ot
be r
equire
d.
The a
uth
ori
sation p
rocesses a
re s
till u
nder
revie
w,
part
icula
rly
as it
pert
ain
s
to th
e thre
e d
iffe
rent appro
vals
requ
ired –
Environm
enta
l A
uth
orisatio
n,
Air
Em
issio
n L
icence
an
d W
ast
e P
erm
it. A
lthoug
h a
po
licy
positio
n a
nd
support
ing s
tand
ard
s a
nd g
uid
elin
es w
ou
ld e
nsure
un
iform
and e
mpow
ere
d
decis
ion-m
akin
g, an
d a
lso c
larify
wh
at
would
be r
eq
uir
ed f
rom
pro
ject
pro
po
nents
, th
e la
w a
nd s
pecific
ally
the E
IA R
eg
ula
tio
ns r
equir
e th
at specific
ste
ps a
re f
ollo
we
d a
nd r
ep
ort
s g
enera
ted(e
.g.
Scop
ing),
whic
h c
ann
ot b
e
elim
inate
d t
hro
ug
h th
e p
olic
y. T
he inte
ntio
n w
ould
ho
weve
r be t
o a
ddre
ss a
ll aspects
ade
qua
tely
thro
ug
h the
po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent a
nd a
ssocia
ted
requirem
ents
to a
void
an a
dditio
nal le
ga
l-adm
inis
trative b
urd
en, such
as
havin
g to a
pp
ly f
or
appro
val f
or
use o
f each ind
ivid
ua
l w
aste
str
eam
as A
FR
.
11.
Mr
A W
ats
on
, P
ub
lic In
tere
st
Co
nsu
ltan
ts o
.b.o
. g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
26/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Ple
ase f
ind b
elo
w t
he h
old
ing r
espo
nse o
n b
eha
lf o
f G
round
work
to the
Consultation o
n a
Natio
na
l P
olic
y D
eve
lopm
ent P
roce
ss F
or
Hig
h
Tem
pera
ture
Therm
al W
aste
Tre
atm
ent. I w
ill f
orw
ard
the f
ull
file
and
appe
nd
ices s
hort
ly.
Su
mm
ary
T
here
can b
e little
do
ubt th
at th
e d
eve
lopm
ent of
a c
om
pre
hensiv
e p
olic
y on
ha
zard
ous w
aste
pro
ductio
n a
nd m
anagem
ent is
an
urg
ent
and
essential
requirem
ent fo
r S
outh
Afr
ica.
It is
dis
turb
ing,
ho
wever,
to s
ee tha
t th
e c
urr
ent co
nsultatio
n a
nd m
ost of
the
associa
ted
report
s a
pp
ear
to h
ave
bee
n d
evelo
pe
d in
a p
olic
y vacuum
and
have te
nuo
us, if a
ny,
lin
ks w
ith t
he e
merg
ing w
aste
po
licy
fram
ew
ork
in
South
Afr
ica. N
o e
xp
lanation is
off
ere
d f
or
the f
ailu
re t
o d
o t
his
and it
is
assum
ed that
the r
eason is la
rge
ly r
ela
ted to t
he a
ppoin
tment of
exte
rnal
consulta
nts
with litt
le k
no
wle
dge
of
the p
revio
us d
eve
lopm
ents
. A
n a
ltern
ative, p
ossib
ly less c
harita
ble
expla
natio
n,
would
be
tha
t such
linkages w
ould
hig
hlig
ht
the
failu
re o
f D
EA
T to d
eliv
er
on p
revi
ous p
rom
ises
and d
ea
dlin
es.
Note
d. T
he k
ey
issues r
ais
ed in th
is p
relim
inary
com
munic
atio
n w
ere
in
clu
ded
in the
deta
iled s
ub
mis
sio
n f
rom
Mr
Wats
on s
ubm
itted o
n b
eh
alf o
f gro
un
dW
ork
on 2
0 D
ecem
ber
200
8. R
efe
r to
Sectio
n 1
4 (
pg.
27)
of
this
docum
ent fo
r th
e d
eta
iled r
esponse.
The r
egula
tory
fra
mew
ork
for
waste
is m
atu
re in
that th
ere
is P
olic
y of
Inte
gra
ted P
ollu
tion a
nd
Waste
Ma
nag
em
ent, there
is a
first ve
rsio
n o
f a
Nationa
l Waste
Managem
ent, th
ere
is a
n A
ct
wh
ich m
anag
es w
aste
in t
he
Countr
y a
nd a
second
is p
rogre
ssin
g thro
ugh t
he p
arl
iam
enta
ry p
rocess,
there
is a
set
of
Min
imum
Requ
irem
ents
for
the m
anagem
ent of
waste
both
genera
l and h
aza
rdous, b
aselin
e d
ocum
ents
have
be
en
pro
duced o
n w
aste
genera
tion a
nd t
here
are
a n
um
ber
of
dra
ft r
egula
tions a
nd f
urt
her
polic
ies
underw
ay
within
DE
AT
. T
he c
onsultants
are
aw
are
of
these d
ocum
ents
and
have u
se
d th
em
thro
ugh th
e p
rocess.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
11
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
It is
import
ant
to r
ecog
nis
e t
hese f
ailu
res, h
ow
eve
r, a
s the
y are
ind
icative o
f som
e o
f th
e p
rob
lem
s o
f deve
lop
ing
an a
ppro
pri
ate
polic
y, leg
isla
tive
, re
gula
tory
an
d o
pera
tion
al f
ram
ew
ork
for
waste
s w
here
litt
le o
r no
ne
curr
ently
exis
ts. T
he o
ver-
optim
istic
pro
jectio
ns m
ade a
t th
e e
nd o
f th
e last
centu
ry r
isk b
ein
g r
epea
ted
- b
ut
with
possib
ly g
rea
ter
environm
enta
l dam
age a
nd
with g
reate
r ri
sks to the c
redib
ility
of
the a
dm
inis
tratio
n,
if the
curr
ent ru
sh to s
anction t
he
rmal t
reatm
ents
is n
ot
appro
priate
ly t
em
pere
d
with
the r
ealit
y of
the c
urr
ent capacity
for
eff
ectiv
e r
eg
ula
tio
n a
nd c
ontr
ol.
T
he e
vidence
indic
ate
s tha
t th
e e
nvi
ronm
enta
l costs
of
lan
dfill
and
in
cin
era
tion a
re b
road
ly s
imila
r but th
e s
ocia
l costs
of
incin
era
tio
n a
re m
uch
hig
her
because o
f th
e h
igh
er
capital c
osts
. T
here
fore
, ra
ther
than p
lace
such s
trong e
mphasis
on in
cin
era
tion
an
d th
erm
al t
reatm
ent at th
is s
tag
e,
it is
str
ongly
recom
mended t
hat D
EA
T s
hou
ld f
ocus o
n longer
term
and m
ore
susta
ina
ble
solu
tions.
Priori
ty s
ho
uld
be
giv
en to
waste
min
imis
atio
n a
nd
im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e Z
ero
Waste
decla
ration m
ade a
t P
olo
kw
an
e in 2
001.
Th
e E
xis
tin
g P
oli
cy F
ram
ew
ork
an
d C
on
text:
T
he r
ecent his
torical le
gacy
of
the incin
era
tion in t
he U
S, Jap
an a
nd E
uro
pe
– w
here
serio
us c
onta
min
ation h
as b
een c
aused t
hro
ugh h
igh
em
issio
ns to
atm
osphere
and c
are
less h
and
ling o
f ash r
esid
ues c
ou
ld a
ll to
o e
asily
be
re
peate
d in S
ou
th A
fric
a. T
he c
ost to
the
waste
manag
em
ent in
dustr
y of
ove
rcom
ing th
ose p
roble
ms in
th
e d
evelo
ped
worl
d h
as b
een e
norm
ous –
both
fin
ancia
lly a
nd in loss o
f cre
dib
ility
and p
ub
lic g
oo
dw
ill.
Accord
ing t
o
Luke
y et al.,
(Luke
y, B
rijla
ll et a
l. 2
004)
and S
eelig
er et al.
(See
liger,
va
n d
er
Westh
uiz
en
et
al.
200
3)
the
Sou
th A
fric
an g
ove
rnm
ent
has b
een p
erc
eiv
ed
to
be
un
will
ing a
nd
/or
un
ab
le to e
nfo
rce p
ollu
tion a
nd w
aste
-rela
ted
leg
isla
tio
n (
Godfr
ey
and N
ahm
an 2
007).
It
is v
ital th
at
South
Afr
ica in
this
late
ru
sh to m
ake a
ppare
nt pro
gre
ss s
hould
learn
fro
m these m
ista
kes.
In 1
999 t
he N
ationa
l Waste
Man
agem
ent S
trate
gie
s a
nd A
ction
Pla
n (
So
uth
A
fric
an D
ep
art
ment of
Envir
onm
enta
l Aff
airs a
nd T
ouri
sm (
DE
AT
) 1999)
laid
out th
e “
imm
edia
te o
bje
ctives”
wh
ich w
ere
to
be a
chie
ved
by
imple
menta
tion
of
this
Action P
lan o
ver
the
perio
d J
uly
199
9 to D
ecem
ber
20
04. T
hese
obje
ctive
s inclu
ded t
he d
evelo
pm
ent of
firs
t genera
tion
inte
gra
ted h
aza
rdo
us
waste
managem
ent pla
ns w
hic
h w
ere
to b
e d
eve
lop
ed b
y th
e p
rovi
ncia
l environm
enta
l de
part
ments
and r
evie
wed b
y nation
al g
ove
rnm
ent
with
in t
he
perio
d 2
002 t
o 2
004
. T
he p
lan r
eq
uired
tha
t m
unic
ipa
litie
s to
fin
alis
e t
heir
IWM
Ps b
y 2
003 a
nd
tha
t th
ey
“will
be r
ead
y fo
r im
ple
menta
tio
n in J
anu
ary
2005”.
The p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess h
as b
ee
n d
riven b
y p
ressure
fro
m N
GO
’s,
pro
vin
ces a
nd ind
ustr
y to
have
cle
ar
gu
ida
nce o
n the
use o
f hig
h
tem
pera
ture
therm
al t
reatm
ent te
chno
log
ies in t
he c
ou
ntr
y. D
EA
T is
th
ere
fore
respo
ndin
g t
o th
e u
rgent
ne
eds o
f various s
takehold
ers
in th
e
countr
y.
Much r
esearc
h h
as b
een u
ndert
aken o
n incin
era
tion a
nd th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g
of
alte
rna
tive
fue
ls a
nd r
aw
mate
rials
sin
ce th
e 1
960
’s.
The s
cie
nce is
advanced
an
d r
isks b
oth
on
hum
an h
ea
lth a
nd
the
en
vir
onm
ent have b
een
care
fully
consid
ere
d.
The in
clu
sio
n o
f th
is c
om
ment
with
resp
ect to
the p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent
pro
cess is
not cle
ar.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
12
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Yet G
odfr
ey
(Godfr
ey
and N
ahm
an 2
00
7)
report
s t
hat
as a
t m
id-2
005,
on
ly
58.3
% o
f m
unic
ipalit
ies w
ho r
espon
ded
to t
he
ir q
uestionna
ire h
ad
com
ple
ted, or
were
in th
e p
rocess o
f com
ple
ting,
an I
WM
P. O
f th
ose
munic
ipalit
ies that
ha
ve c
om
ple
ted IW
MP
s, m
an
y of
these d
ocum
ents
are
in
fact only
Sta
tus Q
uo
Analy
ses, a f
irst ste
p to
ward
s IW
MP
s.
A r
evi
ew
of
capacity
assessm
ents
of
local m
unic
ipalit
ies in
Sou
th A
fric
a
(Munic
ipa
l Dem
arc
atio
n B
oard
20
05)
ind
icate
d th
at 5
9.7
% o
f m
unic
ipalit
ies
could
not fu
lly p
erf
orm
their w
aste
managem
ent fu
nctio
ns a
s a
ssig
ned t
o
them
under
legis
lation
, du
e p
rincip
ally
to
insuff
icie
nt
bu
dgets
, in
suff
icie
nt
sta
ff a
nd insuff
icie
nt eq
uip
ment.
The d
eve
lopm
ent of
waste
polic
y in
So
uth
Afr
ica h
as b
een c
losely
follo
wed
and r
ece
ntly
revi
ew
ed b
y G
odfr
ey
(Godfr
ey
and N
ahm
an 2
007)
The f
ind
ings
of
on-g
oin
g r
ese
arc
h c
ond
ucte
d w
ithin
South
Afr
ica o
n w
aste
polic
y in
str
um
ents
show
s t
hat
while
typ
ica
l com
mand-a
nd-c
ontr
ol in
str
um
ents
lack
eff
ectiv
e m
onito
rin
g a
nd e
nfo
rcem
ent, a
ltern
ative
po
licy
instr
um
ents
such a
s
econom
ic o
r in
form
atio
n b
ased s
trate
gie
s, are
eith
er
slo
w to f
ind f
avo
ur
or
fail
soon
aft
er
imple
menta
tion.
Develo
pin
g c
ountr
ies, such
as S
outh
Afr
ica, fa
ce a
nu
mber
of challe
nges t
o
the s
uccessfu
l im
ple
menta
tion o
f alte
rnative, firs
t w
orld
, w
aste
polic
y in
str
um
ents
inclu
din
g instit
utio
na
l cha
lleng
es (
fin
ancia
l an
d h
um
an
resourc
es);
insuff
icie
nt p
olit
ical s
upport
; an u
nsup
port
ive le
ga
l en
vironm
ent;
lack o
f cla
rity
reg
ard
ing t
he r
ole
of
go
vern
ment and t
he inte
ntion o
f polic
y,
lea
din
g to
a lack o
f ow
ners
hip
and
to ineff
ectiv
e p
olic
y; a
nd
a lack o
f support
ing d
ata
.
These c
halle
ng
es d
o n
ot, h
ow
eve
r, im
ply
tha
t th
ere
is n
o p
lace f
or
such
instr
um
ents
in d
evelo
pin
g c
ountr
ies. In
ste
ad,
wha
t is
neede
d in th
e
imple
menta
tion o
f w
aste
po
licy
instr
um
ents
in d
eve
lop
ing c
ou
ntr
ies is a
sta
ge-
base
d, ta
ilore
d a
ppro
ach,
whic
h t
akes c
ognis
an
ce o
f id
en
tifie
d
challe
ng
es in
the
ir d
esig
n a
nd im
ple
menta
tion, th
ere
by
recognis
ing
the
re
alit
ies o
f develo
pin
g c
oun
try
circum
sta
nces. T
here
is n
o e
vid
ence th
at th
is
appro
ach h
as b
ee
n a
dopte
d in
the
curr
ent consu
ltatio
n d
ocum
ents
nor
is
there
an
y ob
vio
us r
eco
gnitio
n o
f th
e f
undam
enta
l im
port
ance o
f th
e r
ang
e o
f polic
y in
str
um
ents
that
are
require
d if
a h
olis
tic w
aste
str
ate
gy,
with
em
phasis
on r
eductio
n a
nd
elim
inatio
n is
to b
e im
ple
mente
d. T
he lik
ely
outc
om
e o
f th
e c
urr
ent a
pp
roach w
ould
be p
iecem
eal appro
val a
nd
auth
orisation o
f in
cin
era
tors
and c
em
ent kiln
s w
ithout
an
y cohere
nt str
ate
gy
for
optim
isin
g r
eg
ula
tory
co
ntr
ol or
min
imis
ing e
nviro
nm
enta
l im
pacts
.
Note
d.
In th
e p
ast
year
eve
ry c
om
merc
ial h
ealth c
are
ris
k w
aste
incin
era
tor
has
been
insp
ecte
d a
nd a
ction h
as b
een t
aken a
ga
inst th
ose that
do n
ot com
ply
. N
ote
d.
As the a
uth
ority
mandate
d t
o d
eal w
ith w
aste
manag
em
ent is
sues in
th
e
countr
y D
EA
T h
ave identified th
e n
eed t
o d
evelo
p t
he
se p
olic
ies. T
here
are
oth
er
initia
tive
s o
ngo
ing w
ith the
de
part
ment w
hic
h a
ddre
ss o
ther
asp
ect of
waste
managem
ent. It
is im
pra
ctic
al f
or
no a
ction t
o b
e taken u
ntil t
he f
ull
range o
f polic
y in
str
um
ents
are
in p
lace.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
13
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
A m
ore
sensib
le s
trate
gy
would
be
to d
eve
lop t
he c
ou
ntr
y specific
fra
mew
ork
fo
r th
e im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
e f
ull
range o
f necessary
polic
y in
str
um
ents
fo
cussin
g o
n c
olle
ctin
g u
sefu
l and r
elia
ble
waste
data
and m
inim
isin
g a
ny
resid
ua
l w
aste
s f
or
treatm
ent.
An ide
al po
licy
fou
nda
tion f
or
the d
eve
lopm
ent of
these too
ls a
rose in 2
00
1.
The S
outh
Afr
ican,
Po
lokw
ane D
ecla
ratio
n o
n W
aste
Mana
gem
ent of
Septe
mber
2001 s
et a g
oa
l, to ‘‘Reduce waste generation and disposal by
50 and 25%, respectively by 2012 and develop a plan for ZERO W
ASTE by
2022
’’. (
Dep
art
ment of
Envir
onm
enta
l Aff
airs a
nd T
ouri
sm
(D
EA
T)
2001)
This
pro
vides a
gre
at
opp
ort
unity
to d
ivert
th
e P
olic
y th
rust a
wa
y fr
om
this
his
tory
of
failu
re o
f ‘c
om
mand a
nd c
on
trol’
reg
ula
tory
and leg
isla
tive
develo
pm
ents
. T
he P
olo
kw
ane
Decla
ration
als
o r
eaff
irm
ed a
com
mitm
ent to
th
e Inte
gra
ted
Pollu
tio
n a
nd W
aste
Manag
em
ent P
olic
y, t
he N
ation
al W
aste
Manag
em
ent
Str
ate
gy
an
d th
e p
rincip
les o
f w
aste
min
imiz
atio
n, re
use a
nd r
ecyc
ling f
or
susta
ina
ble
de
velo
pm
ent. T
he e
ssentia
l diffe
rence in t
his
appro
ach t
o th
at
pro
mulg
ate
d p
revi
ously
is t
hat
it is
intr
insic
ally
susta
inable
, safe
an
d
pre
caution
ary
. I
nste
ad o
f p
rom
otin
g a
n u
ltim
ate
ly f
utile
pro
gra
mm
e o
f risk
m
anagem
ent w
ith ina
deq
uate
resourc
es t
he v
isio
n e
ncapsula
ted in t
he
Polo
kw
an
e D
ecla
ration
is t
o e
limin
ate
‘ha
zard
’ and t
hu
s r
educe r
esid
ua
l ris
ks
to n
ear
zero
. T
his
is a
n a
mbitio
us g
oa
l bu
t, g
iven t
he f
ailu
res to im
ple
ment
an e
ffectiv
e r
egu
lato
ry p
olic
y to
date
is p
roba
bly
the o
nly
option w
hic
h c
an b
e
truly
pro
tective
and c
onsis
tent
with
the r
equ
irem
ents
of
the C
onstitu
tion
. F
urt
herm
ore
it p
rom
ises to a
llow
Sou
th A
fric
a to a
void
the e
xp
ensiv
e a
nd
dam
agin
g m
ista
kes o
f E
uro
pe a
nd t
he U
SA
. T
he d
eve
lopm
ent of
an
y str
ate
gy
for
Ha
zard
ous W
aste
s tre
atm
ent and
dis
posa
l sho
uld
, in
an
y case, be
in a
ccord
ance
with th
e p
rovi
sio
ns o
f th
e
Nationa
l Im
ple
menta
tion P
lan (
‘NIP
’) f
or
the S
tockholm
Con
ven
tion [1
].
Unfo
rtunate
ly S
outh
Afr
ica h
as n
ot
yet subm
itted s
uch
a p
lan e
ven t
hou
gh
the d
ead
line w
as 1
7th
Ma
y 2006
[2].
This
is a
noth
er
po
werf
ul r
eason t
o
dela
y th
e d
eve
lopm
ent of
this
po
licy.
T
he 2
000 W
hite
Pa
per
on I
nte
gra
ted P
ollu
tion a
nd W
aste
Man
agem
ent fo
r S
outh
Afr
ica (
Repub
lic o
f S
outh
Afr
ica D
ep
art
ment of
En
viro
nm
enta
l Aff
airs
and T
ourism
(D
EA
T)
2000)
recognis
ed:
“the fragmented and uncoordinated way pollution and waste is currently
being dealt with, as well as the insufficient resources to implement and
monitor existing legislation, contributes largely to the unacceptably high
levels of pollution and waste in South Africa”.
Zero
waste
is th
e u
ltim
ate
goal of
all
waste
manag
em
ent, h
ow
eve
r th
is is
not
an e
vent b
ut ra
ther
a p
roce
ss w
hic
h takes m
an
y ye
ars
to a
ch
ieve
and h
as
not b
een
achie
ved a
nyw
here
in the
worl
d to d
ate
.
Waste
recove
ry is h
igher
on the
waste
hie
rarc
hy
than
landfill
wh
ich is
curr
ently
the p
redom
inant
waste
managem
ent m
eth
od in
the
countr
y.
There
fore
an
y d
ivers
ion o
f w
aste
fro
m la
ndfill
is m
ovi
ng to
ward
s a
chie
vin
g
the o
bje
ctive
s o
f th
e w
aste
hie
rarc
hy
wh
ich w
ou
ld h
ave a
s it
ultim
ate
go
al
zero
waste
.
The S
outh
Afr
ican N
IP is in
pro
gre
ss a
nd th
e f
act th
at
the p
lan
is n
ot in
pla
ce
will
not h
ind
er
the d
eve
lop
ment of
the p
olic
ies o
n incin
era
tion a
nd
the
co-
pro
cessin
g o
f alte
rnative
fuels
an
d r
aw
mate
ria
ls in
ce
ment kiln
s.
The p
rovi
sio
n o
f a p
olic
y o
n these issues w
as c
alle
d f
or
by
Pro
vincia
l G
ove
rnm
ent am
ong o
ther
sta
kehold
ers
. B
y D
EA
T h
ea
din
g th
is c
all
the
nationa
l depart
ment is
pro
vid
ing g
uid
ance a
nd is
pro
motin
g c
oo
pera
tive
govern
ance.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
14
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
It w
en
t on
to p
rom
ise:
“This W
hite Paper will implement co-operative governance as envisaged by
the Constitution. The current fragmentation, duplication and lack of co-
ordination will be elim
inated.”
T
he c
urr
ent consultation,
whic
h is s
et la
rge
ly in a
data
and p
olic
y va
cu
um
, can o
nly
hin
der
the im
ple
menta
tio
n o
f th
at
pro
mis
e
Cu
rren
t P
olic
y T
ow
ard
s O
pen
Bu
rnin
g o
f W
aste
: O
pen b
urn
ing o
f w
aste
s r
em
ain
s a
pro
ble
m in
So
uth
Afr
ica a
nd w
hils
t th
e
Depart
ment te
chn
ically
pro
hib
its th
e b
urn
ing o
f w
aste
at la
ndfill
sites the
y still
perm
it it
in c
ert
ain
circum
sta
nces a
nd, in
de
ed,
giv
e g
uid
ance a
bo
ut h
ow
it
should
be
do
ne (
Re
pub
lic o
f S
outh
Afr
ica D
ep
art
ment
of W
ate
r A
ffairs a
nd
Fore
str
y (
DW
AF
) 1998).
T
here
is n
o d
oub
t th
at o
pen
burn
ing o
f th
is t
ype
is th
e c
ause o
f serio
us
environm
enta
l po
llution (
Le
mie
ux 2
002;
Lem
ieux, Lute
s e
t al. 2
004;
UN
EP
2005)
and
shou
ld b
e p
rohib
ited
withou
t exceptions.
[1
] <
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nre
f1>
In
sp
ite o
f re
ceip
t of
a G
EF
gra
nt
of
$4
99,0
00 f
or
this
work
http://w
ww
.gefo
nlin
e.o
rg/p
roje
ctD
eta
ils.c
fm?pro
jID
=17
85
[2] <
#_ft
nre
f2>
h
ttp:/
/ww
w.p
ops.int/
docum
ents
/imple
menta
tion/n
ips/s
ubm
issio
ns/d
efa
ult.
htm
Note
d,
with t
he incre
ase in w
aste
managem
ent optio
ns a
vaila
ble
to a
ddre
ss
the g
row
ing w
aste
str
eam
in the
countr
y, t
he m
ore
app
ropriate
managem
ent
of
waste
will
be p
ossib
le.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
15
OF
86
12.
Dr
J S
ch
oo
nra
ad
, E
nvir
oserv
; 30/1
1/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
En
viro
Serv
has r
evie
we
d th
e d
ocum
ent b
y K
ars
tensen
entitle
d “
Cem
en
t P
rod
ucti
on
Tech
no
log
y i
n S
ou
th A
fric
a a
nd
an
ev
alu
ati
on
of
their
ab
ilit
y t
o c
o-p
roc
ess
AF
Rs a
nd
tre
at
hazard
ou
s w
aste
s”
as s
up
plie
d b
y e-m
ail
on 6
th S
epte
mber
20
07.
We b
elie
ve t
he d
ocum
ent to
be c
om
pre
hensiv
e a
nd f
air o
verv
iew
of
the
South
Afr
ican c
em
ent in
dustr
y an
d d
espite a
fe
w t
ypog
raphic
al e
rrors
an
d
one o
r tw
o t
echn
ical f
law
s p
resents
a v
alid
pic
ture
of
the industr
y’s
pre
pare
dness to p
rocess A
FR
. S
ho
uld
DE
AT
stic
k to the o
rigin
al dust
em
issio
n li
mits
for
definin
g A
FR
capab
ility
as p
roposed b
y K
ars
tensen (
DE
AT
meetin
g,
9th O
cto
ber)
then
very
fe
w o
f th
e S
ou
th A
fric
an k
ilns w
ill m
eet th
e lim
it of
80 m
g/N
m3 (
dust)
allo
win
g n
on-h
aza
rdo
us A
FR
use (
tyre
s, bio
mass, etc
). O
nly
th
e H
olc
im
Dudfield
kiln
s (
Lic
hte
nburg
) and p
ossib
ly t
he
ne
w N
PC
kiln
(P
ort
She
psto
ne)
and P
PC
Dw
aalb
oom
kiln
will
meet th
e 5
0 m
g/N
m3 lim
it a
llow
ing h
aza
rdo
us
waste
deri
ved A
FR
s.
En
viro
Serv
is o
f th
e o
pin
ion th
at
this
appare
nt
adop
tion o
f th
e E
U c
rite
ria f
or
ha
zard
ous w
aste
use in k
ilns (
as p
roposed b
y K
ars
tense
n)
is a
se
nsib
le r
oute
to f
ollo
w a
s it
sh
ould
meet th
e le
ast
resis
tance f
rom
the e
nviron
menta
l NG
O g
roups.
The d
ocum
ent re
vie
wed
wa
s d
istr
ibu
ted o
n 6
No
vem
be
r 2007.
Note
d. T
he p
rop
osed c
orr
ectio
ns / a
mendm
ents
would
be inclu
ded
in the
final ve
rsio
n o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and
Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
Note
d. C
ert
ain
tra
nsitio
na
l arr
angem
ents
has b
een p
rovid
ed f
or
com
plia
nce
with
dust a
nd N
Ox e
mis
sio
ns li
mits
ove
r tim
e in
the Proposed Air Emission
Standards for AFR Co-processing in Cement Kilns.
1.
Item
s o
f n
ote
fro
m d
ocu
men
t 1
.1.
Pg 3
3 o
f 75 -
cem
ent kiln
dis
posal is
vie
we
d a
s lo
wer
cost th
an
lan
dfill
dis
posal.
This
is e
rroneo
us th
inkin
g in t
he S
outh
Afr
ican
conte
xt.
1.2
. P
g 3
4 o
f 75 -
fue
ls u
sed b
y th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y are
lis
ted a
s “coal,
hard coal, coke and pet coke”.
This
is n
ot
true f
or
So
uth
Afr
ica a
s
only
coa
l is
curr
ently
used.
1.3
. P
g 3
5 o
f 75 -
map r
efe
rs to A
lpha (
no
w H
olc
im)
1.4
. P
g 3
6 o
f 75 -
Fig
ure
7 -
re
ads “
Nath
al” s
hou
ld r
ead “
Nata
l”
1.5
. P
g 3
7 o
f 75 -
“current production of kilns planning to use AFR
” is
giv
en a
s 8
Mio
T/a
clin
ker
(expand
ing b
y ~
60%
by
20
14)
with
a c
oa
l usage o
f 1.3
Mio
T/a
. A
t a 2
0%
th
erm
al s
ubstit
utio
n r
ate
th
is w
ou
ld
equa
te t
o ~
260
00
0 T
/a o
f w
aste
th
at cou
ld b
e tre
ate
d b
y cem
ent
kiln
s b
ut o
nly
if th
ere
is n
o e
mis
sio
n li
miti
ng f
acto
r d
ue
to p
art
icula
te
em
issio
ns.
Note
d. T
he p
rop
osed c
orr
ectio
ns / a
mendm
ents
would
be inclu
ded
in the
final ve
rsio
n o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and
Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
16
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
1.6
. P
g 3
9 o
f 75 -
first bu
llet -
the s
tate
ment th
at “It can be expected that
the plants will be within norm
al emission levels
” is
mis
leadin
g a
s
Table
1 c
learl
y sho
ws s
uch
a b
roa
d r
an
ge o
f em
issio
n li
mits
that
eve
n p
oorl
y ru
n p
lants
co
uld
meet m
ost if n
ot all
of
the
se e
mis
sio
n
leve
ls.
1.7
. P
g 4
7 o
f 75 -
Table
- c
linker
volu
me g
iven f
or
Ulc
o is incorr
ect
1.8
. P
g 4
8 o
f 75 -
Table
- D
ust
em
issio
ns f
or
new
PP
C D
waalb
oom
kiln
(k
iln 2
) are
sure
ly incorr
ect
for
bagho
use tech
nolo
gy
at
150 m
g/N
m3
Note
d. T
he p
rop
osed c
orr
ectio
ns / a
mendm
ents
would
be inclu
ded
in the
final ve
rsio
n o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and
Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
Vari
ou
s o
ther
err
ata
•
Pg 4
- r
eads “
ES
P E
lectr
o s
tatic
pre
cip
itato
r” s
ho
uld
read “
Ele
ctr
osta
tic
pre
cip
itato
r”
•
Pg 4
- r
eads “
kP
a K
ilo P
ascal” s
hou
ld r
ead “
kilo
pascal”
•
Pg 4
- r
eads “
LO
I lo
ss o
f ig
nitio
n”
sh
ould
rea
d “
loss o
n ig
nitio
n”
•
Pg 4
- r
eads “
MJ
Meg
a jou
le”
shou
ld r
ead “
megajo
ule
” •
Pg 5
- r
eads “
Nm
3”
should
read “
Nm
3”
•
Pg 5
- d
uplic
ation o
f lin
e “
ppm
” •
Pg 6
- r
eads “
SN
CR
S
ele
ctive n
on c
ata
lytic
re
duction”
should
rea
d
“Sele
ctive
non-c
ata
lytic
re
ductio
n”
•
Pg 6
- r
eads “
TC
DD
2,3
,7,8
-tetr
achlo
rob
ide
nzo
” shou
ld r
ead “
2,3
,7,8
-te
trachlo
rod
ibe
nzo
” •
Pg 6
- r
eads “
TC
DF
2,3
,7,8
-tetr
achlo
robid
en
zofu
ran”
shou
ld r
ead
“2,3
,7,8
-tetr
ach
loro
dib
en
zofu
ran”
I tr
ust th
at th
e a
bove w
ill b
e o
f som
e a
ssis
tance in h
elp
ing t
o f
orm
ula
te the
final T
herm
al P
olic
y docum
ent a
nd look f
orw
ard
to r
ea
din
g th
e f
ina
l vers
ion
w
ith g
reat
anticip
ation.
Note
d. T
he p
rop
osed c
orr
ectio
ns / a
mendm
ents
would
be inclu
ded
in the
final ve
rsio
n o
f th
e r
eport
South African Cement Kiln Technology and
Evaluation of its Ability to Co-process AFR and Treat Hazardous W
aste.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
17
OF
86
13.
Dr
L L
ott
er,
Ch
em
ical
an
d A
llie
d I
nd
ustr
ies’
As
so
cia
tio
n (
CA
IA);
12/1
2/2
007
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comments on Draft Policy Framework presented at workshop 09/10/2007:
CA
IA w
elc
om
es the o
pp
ort
unity
to c
om
ment on th
is p
olic
y docum
ent. In
makin
g c
om
ments
the o
rig
inal purp
ose o
f th
is p
olic
y n
eeds to
be r
ecalle
d.
Fro
m C
AIA
’s p
ers
pective th
e p
olic
y is
re
quire
d in o
rder
to p
rovi
de c
ert
ain
ty t
o
sta
kehold
ers
in r
espect
of
the u
se o
f w
aste
as a
n a
ltern
ative
fuel in
cem
ent
kiln
s. In
th
is r
egard
on
e w
ould
expect to
see t
he p
olic
y consid
era
tions th
at
Gove
rnm
ent
will
use w
hen
consid
eri
ng a
pp
lica
tions f
or
auth
ori
zation
of
this
te
chno
log
y.
The d
ocum
ent is
there
fore
not
inte
nde
d to
pre
sen
t a m
otiva
tion
for
the u
se
of
HT
TT
but ra
ther
to d
eve
lop
a s
et of
po
licy
sta
tem
ents
on w
hat n
eeds t
o b
e
adhere
d t
o f
or
the u
se
of
HT
TT
to b
e a
ppro
ved b
y th
e r
egula
tor.
The
com
ments
tabula
ted
in the
attache
d h
ave b
een f
ram
ed w
ith th
is in
min
d.
Part
ially
agre
e.
At th
e t
ime o
f deve
lopm
ent of
the p
olic
y sta
tem
ents
, th
e
inte
ntion w
as to ide
ntif
y ke
y consid
era
tions o
r pri
ncip
les that h
ad b
ee
n
ide
ntif
ied u
p to t
hat
time, w
hic
h w
ere
guid
ing th
e d
eve
lopm
ent not o
nly
of
the
polic
y, b
ut
the p
roje
ct as a
whole
, in
clu
din
g e
nvi
sag
ed s
tandard
s a
nd
guid
elin
es. T
hese in
clu
ded ide
ntif
ying s
om
e p
ote
ntial b
enefits
, b
ut th
e
inte
ntion w
as n
ot
to d
eve
lop a
motiv
atio
n f
or
therm
al w
aste
tre
atm
ent or
AF
R
co-p
rocessin
g.
Sim
ilarl
y, t
he s
tate
ments
are
not n
ecessarily
settin
g
limita
tions o
r pro
vid
ing t
he r
egu
lato
ry f
ram
ew
ork
. T
hro
ugh c
om
bin
ing th
e t
wo
concepts
th
oug
h, th
e p
olic
y consid
era
tions a
nd g
uid
ing
princip
les s
erv
ed
to
ide
ntif
y at a
n e
arl
y sta
ge
what th
e a
sp
ects
are
th
at
are
bein
g c
onsid
ere
d a
nd
info
rmin
g the w
ay
forw
ard
, and t
o illi
cit
com
ments
and d
iscussio
n.
Accord
ingly
, a
ll th
ese
pri
ncip
les m
ay
not
necessari
ly b
e in
clu
ded in t
he f
inal
polic
y docum
enta
tion.
1. C
on
sid
era
tio
ns a
nd
pri
ncip
les id
en
tifi
ed
to
date
rela
ted
to
bo
th H
TT
T
an
d A
FR
are
:
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.1
. H
TT
T (
incin
era
tors
) and A
FR
(cem
ent kiln
co-p
rocessin
g)
techno
log
y ca
n b
e
app
lied in a
manner
that
is n
ot
harm
ful t
o
the S
outh
Afr
ican
environm
ent or
the
hea
lth a
nd w
ell-
be
ing o
f its
citi
zens.
This
polic
y is
subserv
ient to
NE
MA
and t
here
fore
needs t
o
reflect th
e n
ee
d f
or
socio
econ
om
ic
consid
era
tions to b
e
taken in
to a
ccount
Re
word
accord
ingly
N
ote
d, th
e p
roposal has b
een a
ccepte
d a
nd t
he d
ocu
ment re
flects
new
w
ord
ing.
1.2
. T
herm
al w
aste
tr
eatm
ent and w
aste
co-p
rocessin
g
(recove
ry)
are
more
pre
ferr
ed w
aste
m
anagem
ent optio
ns,
com
pare
d w
ith lan
dfill,
in
term
s o
f th
e w
aste
m
anagem
ent hie
rarc
hy.
This
does n
ot
necessarily
make
therm
al w
aste
tr
eatm
ent or
waste
co-
pro
cessin
g t
he ide
al
solu
tion t
o e
very
waste
m
anagem
ent pro
ble
m.
Rem
ove
sin
ce it
is n
ot
a
usefu
l sta
tem
ent – it is
alrea
dy
covere
d u
nd
er
an
y dis
cussio
n/
adop
tion o
f th
e w
aste
m
anagem
ent hie
rarc
hy
(alread
y in
clu
de
d u
nder
Polic
y In
form
atio
n
base)
In v
iew
of
pro
ject in
puts
an
d c
om
ments
there
wou
ld h
ow
eve
r b
e v
alu
e in
reite
ratin
g th
at th
erm
al t
rea
tment is
pre
ferr
ed to landfill,
but
als
o less
pre
fera
ble
tha
n o
ther
optio
ns. In
term
s o
f in
tegra
ted w
aste
managem
ent it
is
ho
we
ver
import
ant to
ha
ve it as a
n o
ption,
acknow
ledg
ing t
hat
therm
al
treatm
ent is
not
the
idea
l solu
tio
n to e
very
waste
managem
ent pro
ble
m.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
18
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.3
. W
aste
m
anagem
ent in
the
countr
y is
larg
ely
lim
ited to
landfill
(landfill
bia
se
d),
wh
ich is
not
consid
ere
d b
est
pra
ctic
e d
ue t
o long
te
rms r
isk, pollu
tion
impacts
and n
ot
be
ing
a
perm
anent solu
tion f
or
waste
managem
ent.
While
landfilli
ng is a
la
rge o
utlet fo
r w
aste
s
there
are
als
o m
an
y oth
er
exam
ple
s o
f successf
ul w
aste
m
inim
ization in
itiative
s.
W
hile
there
are
va
lid
concern
s w
ith landfilli
ng
it is
still
a g
oo
d p
ractice
if d
one c
orr
ectly.
Rem
ove
/ re
vis
e t
o n
ot
make this
an a
nti
lan
dfill
po
licy
– r
ath
er
focus o
n the
advanta
ges/
dis
ad
vanta
ges o
f H
TT
T
and c
o-p
rocessin
g a
nd
set direction f
or
the u
se
of
this
techn
olo
gy
in
SA
.
It is
agre
ed t
hat
the
po
licy
is n
ot in
tende
d to b
e ‘an
ti-la
ndfill’
, but th
e m
ove
a
wa
y fr
om
landfill
to b
ett
er
options w
here
appro
priate
should
be
pro
mote
d. In
som
e c
ases f
or
cert
ain
waste
str
eam
s, la
ndfilli
ng is c
learl
y not
the b
est
option (
‘go
od p
ractice’),
an
d the
optio
n o
f th
erm
al tr
eatm
ent should
be
ava
ilab
le.
1.4
. T
he c
om
positi
on o
f w
aste
genera
ted in S
A
is s
uch tha
t H
TT
T o
r A
FR
is a
more
desirab
le o
ption
of
managem
ent com
pare
d
com
paring c
urr
en
t pra
ctic
es w
ith
inte
rnation
al best
pra
ctic
e.
A v
ery
gen
era
lized
sta
tem
ent. T
his
ma
y w
ell
be
the
case in
cert
ain
insta
nces b
ut
is
not a
lwa
ys th
e c
ase.
Need t
o b
e g
uid
ed b
y in
tern
ation
al pra
ctic
e
but a
lso t
akin
g in
to
consid
era
tion S
outh
ern
A
fric
a’s
socia
l,
econom
ic a
nd
environm
enta
l develo
pm
ent goa
ls.
The k
ey
consid
era
tion h
ere
is tha
t cert
ain
waste
str
ea
ms that are
curr
ently
bein
g lan
dfille
d s
hould
rath
er
be t
herm
ally
tre
ate
d o
r b
etter
still,
used a
s
AF
Rs a
nd r
ed
uce p
ressure
on n
atu
ral r
esourc
es.
1.5
. H
TT
T a
nd A
FR
te
chno
log
y ha
ve
exte
nsiv
ely
bee
n
app
lied inte
rnationa
lly
and a
ccepta
ble
te
chno
log
ies a
re
exis
ting a
nd p
rove
n
safe
to h
ea
lth a
nd th
e
environm
ent.
Ok, but h
ave th
ere
no
t als
o b
een
exam
ple
s o
f bad p
ractic
es w
here
th
e
techno
log
y has f
aile
d?
A
ga
in t
he f
act th
at it is
pro
ven a
nd s
afe
te
chno
log
ies s
ho
uld
n’t
necessarily
im
ply
tha
t it
should
be
ap
plie
d.
Rem
ove
/ re
word
T
he m
ain
qu
estio
n th
e p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess a
ims to a
nsw
er
is
wheth
er
it ca
n b
e d
one s
afe
ly a
nd u
nder
what co
nd
itio
ns. E
ach in
div
idua
l pro
posa
l for
app
lica
tion o
f th
e tech
no
log
y w
ou
ld b
e e
valu
ate
d o
n its
merits
, e.g
. th
roug
h th
e E
IA p
rocess.
1.6
. In
tern
ationa
l best
ava
ilab
le t
echn
iqu
es
and b
est e
nvironm
enta
l pra
ctic
es c
an b
e
app
lied a
s r
ele
van
t w
ithin
the S
outh
Afr
ican
conte
xt in
imple
mentin
g
HT
TT
and A
FR
pro
jects
.
Not cert
ain
what
is
implie
d b
y “b
est
environm
enta
l pra
ctic
es”?
S
A d
oes
not n
eed
to a
do
pt “b
est
in c
lass”
but a
pply
an
appro
priate
an
d w
ell
reasone
d s
et of
crite
ria
to g
uid
e tech
nolo
gy
use.
Revis
e
There
is n
o c
lear
reaso
n f
or
not
ado
pting b
est pra
ctice p
art
ially
or
in f
ull
has
been
pro
vided.
It s
ho
uld
be
note
d th
at
inte
rnation
al s
tandard
s f
or
AF
R c
o-
pro
cessin
g a
nd t
herm
al t
reatm
ent (incin
era
tion)
can b
e a
nd is
alrea
dy
be
ing
achie
ved in th
e c
ou
ntr
y. I
t shou
ld a
lso b
e n
ote
d th
at A
FR
co-p
rocessin
g in
cem
ent kiln
s is
curr
ently
pro
posed
, an
d w
ould
not aff
ect th
e p
roduct
manufa
ctu
ring p
rocesses. T
he s
pecific
industr
y secto
r w
ou
ld t
here
fore
no
t be u
nre
ason
ab
ly c
onstr
ain
ed thro
ug
h a
dopting
BA
T o
r B
EP
– t
he
ir n
orm
al
pro
duct m
anufa
ctu
ring p
rocess is
not su
bje
ct to
AF
R c
o-p
rocessin
g.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
19
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.7
. In
pro
vidin
g a
pre
fera
ble
so
lutio
n to
the m
anagem
ent of
cert
ain
ha
zard
ous
waste
str
eam
s, H
TT
T
and A
FR
would
contr
ibu
te t
o S
outh
A
fric
a m
eetin
g it
s
inte
rnation
al
com
mitm
ents
in term
s
of
the S
tockholm
C
on
ventio
n th
at
requires irr
evers
ible
tr
eatm
ent of
waste
(w
hic
h lan
dfill
is n
ot)
.
Yes it
ma
y co
ntr
ibute
to
SA
meetin
g its
oblig
atio
ns to t
he
Sto
ckholm
conve
ntion
but th
ere
are
man
y oth
er
facets
ap
plic
ab
le
to th
e c
on
ven
tion w
hic
h
may
carr
y a h
igher
priority
?
Reconsid
er
the
sta
tem
ent in
lig
ht
of
SA
’s o
blig
ations t
o th
e
conve
ntion.
One o
f th
e f
un
dam
enta
l obje
ctiv
es o
f th
e S
tockholm
Convention
is to
reduce
th
e r
ele
ase o
f P
OP
s to
the
environm
ent. E
nsurin
g t
hat
techno
log
ies a
re
ava
ilab
le in S
A t
o d
estr
uct
PO
Ps to s
tand
ard
s tha
t are
inte
rnation
ally
accepta
ble
will
there
fore
rate
hig
h o
n a
ny
pri
ority
. In
ad
ditio
n,
ensuri
ng t
hat
sta
ndard
s a
re d
eve
loped
whic
h w
ill r
ed
uce th
e f
orm
atio
n o
f un
inte
nd
ed
PO
Ps w
ill a
lso b
e a
hig
h p
riority
. T
he p
rop
osed p
olic
y w
ill c
onsid
er
both
is
sues.
1.8
. In
pro
vidin
g a
local
solu
tion t
o t
he
managem
ent of
cert
ain
ha
zard
ous w
aste
str
eam
s, H
TT
T a
nd
AF
R w
ould
contr
ibute
to
SA
meetin
g it
s
oblig
atio
ns in
term
s o
f th
e B
asel C
onvention,
whic
h p
revents
tra
ns-
boun
dary
move
ment of
waste
.
Aga
in s
imila
r to
1.7
.
Basel do
esn’t p
reve
nt
the tra
ns-b
oun
dary
m
ove
ment of
waste
s
but con
trols
th
e p
rocess
Reconsid
er
the
sta
tem
ent in
lig
ht
of
SA
’s o
blig
ations t
o th
e
conve
ntion.
The B
asel C
on
vention inclu
des c
ond
itions r
eg
ard
ing c
ountr
ies’ p
rovi
sio
n o
f o
wn t
echno
log
y to
manage h
aza
rdo
us w
aste
, w
hic
h w
ou
ld a
lso r
educe t
he
need
for
cro
ss-b
oundary
tra
nsport
there
of
(als
o s
ee r
esponse a
bo
ve).
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
20
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.9
. R
educin
g t
he
volu
mes o
f w
aste
dis
pose
d to la
ndfill
thro
ug
h th
erm
al
treatm
ent or
co-
pro
cessin
g w
ou
ld
reduce G
ree
nho
use
Gas e
mis
sio
ns,
dem
onstr
atin
g t
he
countr
y’s c
om
mitm
ent
to r
educin
g its
contr
ibu
tion t
o c
limate
change
.
Don’t th
ink this
is
necessarily
the c
ase.
T
herm
al w
aste
pro
cessin
g a
lso
genera
tes G
HG
’s,
Landfill
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
can a
lso
be c
ontr
olle
d –
som
e c
onte
xt to
this
sta
tem
ent is
necessary
. W
e n
eed to m
ake s
ure
th
at th
is p
olic
y re
main
s
confined t
o th
e p
urp
ose
whic
h is the
po
licy
to b
e
app
lied w
hen
consid
eri
ng
app
lications f
or
the u
se
of
HT
TT
as a
waste
dis
posa
l option a
nd in
part
icu
lar
wh
ere
waste
is
used a
s a
n
alte
rnative f
uel in
cem
ent kiln
s.
Reconsid
er
inclu
sio
n.
This
is n
ot im
port
ant
to
the p
olic
y sett
ing
deba
te f
or
HT
TT
.
It h
as b
een
esta
blis
hed t
hat
the G
HG
pro
duce
d b
y th
erm
al t
reatm
ent (C
O2)
is m
uch le
ss p
ote
nt
tha
n G
HG
fro
m la
ndfills
(m
eth
ane),
and
the
reductions
that co
uld
be r
ealis
ed a
re c
onsid
ere
d im
port
ant.
1.1
0.
Thro
ugh t
he
reductio
n w
aste
vo
lum
es, H
TT
T a
nd
AF
R w
ill r
ed
uce th
e
curr
ent critic
al p
ressure
of
limite
d a
irspace in
exis
ting landfills
, a
nd
pre
ssure
on s
carc
e
lan
d r
eq
uired
for
ne
w
lan
dfills
.
Ok, m
ayb
e a
lthou
gh
that
is a
n a
dva
nta
ge to
incin
era
tion w
hic
h
should
be
de
alt
with
separa
tely
to
incin
era
tion.
There
are
oth
er
means o
f re
ducin
g th
e p
lacem
ent
of
hig
h c
alo
rific w
aste
s
into
a lan
dfill.
Revis
e
Aga
in s
uggest
separa
ting la
ndfill
po
licy
from
HT
TT
polic
y –
or
com
bin
e f
rom
the
beg
inn
ing
an
d
appro
ach th
e
dis
cussio
n f
rom
an
(unbia
sed)
waste
hie
rarc
hy
pers
pective
.
The m
ain
inte
ntio
n is
to c
lari
fy t
ha
t th
ere
are
pro
ble
ms a
ssocia
ted
with
lan
dfilli
ng
of
waste
, and
tha
t an inte
gra
ted w
aste
managem
ent sys
tem
and
str
ate
gie
s r
equ
ire t
he a
vaila
bili
ty o
f a r
ang
e o
f altern
ative m
anagem
ent
options (
als
o r
efe
r to
pre
vio
us r
esponses u
nder
1.3
an
d 1
.4).
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
21
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.1
1.
Acknow
ledgin
g
that th
erm
al w
aste
tr
eatm
ent and c
o-
pro
cessin
g a
re v
iable
w
aste
managem
ent
options w
ould
pro
vide
security
to th
e w
aste
m
anagem
ent in
dustr
y in
South
Afr
ica to invest
in t
he d
evelo
pm
ent of
better,
altern
ative
te
chno
log
ies.
Agre
e to s
om
e e
xte
nt
in
the p
rincip
le b
ut
there
is
a c
ut-
off
betw
een t
he
develo
pm
ent of
end o
f pip
e w
aste
tre
atm
ent
solu
tions a
nd t
he
imple
menta
tion o
f w
aste
min
imiz
ation a
nd
rela
ted C
lea
ner
Pro
duction
pro
cesses.
Reconsid
er
sta
tem
ent
Waste
min
imis
atio
n in
itia
tives w
ill n
ot sto
p d
ue to
the
deve
lopm
ent of
this
polic
y. D
EA
T is
com
mitt
ed to m
ovi
ng t
ow
ard
s w
aste
re
ductio
n a
nd c
lean
er
techno
log
y. L
itera
ture
pro
vides e
vid
ence t
hat
where
th
ere
are
se
vera
l w
aste
m
anagem
ent optio
ns, th
e r
ate
of
recyc
ling a
nd w
aste
avo
idance a
re h
igh
er.
1.1
2.
A c
lear
polic
y positio
n o
n H
TT
T a
nd
AF
R w
ould
pro
mote
te
chno
log
y develo
pm
ent in
SA
.
Ma
ybe.
Sta
tem
ent
app
licab
le t
o w
aste
m
anagem
ent in
ge
nera
l and n
ot sp
ecific
ally
to
HT
TT
and A
FR
?
Reconsid
er
sta
tem
ent
The s
tate
ment re
fers
to the
de
velo
pm
ent of
not
only
th
erm
al t
reatm
ent
techno
log
y, b
ut
als
o t
hat
rela
ted t
o e
mis
sio
n a
bate
ment, p
ollu
tion c
on
trol,
em
issio
n m
onito
ring e
tc.
1.1
3.
AF
R,
an
d
pote
ntially
HT
TT
, pro
vid
es t
he
opport
un
ity
for
energ
y re
cove
ry, a r
eso
urc
e
that
is lo
st
thro
ugh
lan
dfill.
Aga
in s
epara
te landfill
polic
y fr
om
HT
TT
and
AF
R. T
his
sta
tem
ent
needs c
onte
xt –
for
exam
ple
incin
era
tion
in
itself is
als
o e
nerg
y in
tensiv
e.
Revis
e b
ased o
n
com
ment
The n
et en
erg
y ou
tput
wh
ich c
an b
e r
eco
vere
d f
rom
incin
era
tion
or
is u
se
d
durin
g th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g p
rocess is
consid
era
bly
hig
he
r th
an t
he d
irect
energ
y in
put.
1.1
4.
Intr
oduction o
f H
TT
T a
nd A
FR
, w
hic
h
are
ne
w tech
nolo
gie
s in
South
Afr
ica, w
ou
ld
contr
ibu
te t
o s
kill
s
develo
pm
ent and
bett
er
use o
f re
sourc
es a
nd
eng
ine
erin
g s
kill
s
thro
ug
h e
xp
osure
to
and tra
nsfe
r of
advanced
inte
rna
tiona
l know
ledge
an
d s
kill
s.
HT
TT
and A
FR
are
no
t ne
w t
echno
log
ies
alth
oug
h s
kill
s
develo
pm
ent
wou
ld b
e
require
d.
N
ote
d. T
he p
oin
t m
ade w
as that th
ese t
echn
olo
gie
s a
re f
airly
ne
w to S
outh
A
fric
a.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
22
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1.1
5.
The a
bsence
of
inte
rnation
ally
accepta
ble
waste
tr
eatm
ent options c
ou
ld
restr
ict S
ou
th A
fric
a’s
entr
y in
to a
nd
part
icip
ation
in the
glo
bal m
ark
et, o
r re
str
ict fo
reig
n
inve
stm
ent, d
ue t
o
environm
enta
l po
licie
s
and r
equ
irem
ents
of
inte
rnation
al
com
panie
s.
Agre
ed, n
eed
to b
e
care
ful t
hat
SA
do
es
not fa
ll be
hin
d
com
pare
d to
inte
rnation
ally
accepta
ble
pra
ctic
es.
N
ote
d.
2. C
on
sid
era
tio
ns a
nd
pri
ncip
les id
en
tifi
ed
to
date
rela
ted
sp
ec
ific
all
y
to H
TT
T:
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
2.1
. In
tern
ationa
l experie
nce s
ho
ws t
hat
HT
TT
does n
ot re
duce
the incentive
for,
or
actu
al volu
mes a
nd
success o
f, r
ecyc
ling
pro
gra
mm
es.
Sure
ly c
ost
of
waste
dis
posa
l dri
ves
beha
vio
ur
so if
HT
TT
becom
es p
rohib
itiv
ely
expensiv
e (
like it
wou
ld
be f
or
most genera
l w
aste
s p
rod
uced in S
A)
it w
ill n
ot be
used.
Reconsid
er
part
icula
rly
in lig
ht of
purp
ose o
f th
is d
ocum
ent
The in
ten
tion is to c
onfirm
, based o
n inte
rnation
al exp
erience,
tha
t th
erm
al
treatm
ent w
ou
ld b
e s
ee
n a
s o
ne o
f a n
um
ber
of
waste
managem
ent optio
ns
as in
the w
aste
hie
rarc
hy,
and n
ot see
n a
s th
e u
ltim
ate
and o
nly
option
or
solu
tion,
an
d th
at
waste
pre
ven
tion, re
-use a
nd
recyc
ling w
ou
ld a
lwa
ys
rem
ain
the p
refe
rred o
ption
as r
ele
vant to
specific
waste
str
eam
s.
2.2
. H
TT
T w
ou
ld
encoura
ge
regio
na
lisation
of
waste
m
anagem
ent fa
cili
ties
with
associa
ted
impro
ved e
ffic
iency
in
waste
managem
ent on
munic
ipal le
vel,
cost
reductio
n a
nd r
eduction
in p
oin
t sourc
es o
f pollu
tion
.
Are
we
sa
ying
tha
t if
the p
ropose
d f
acili
ty
can s
erv
e a
reg
ion th
en
it is
a p
ositi
ve p
olic
y consid
era
tion
H
avin
g therm
al t
reatm
ent a
s a
n o
ptio
n w
ould
pro
vide t
he o
pport
unity
for
regio
na
lisation
an
d m
ore
eff
icie
nt
waste
managem
ent.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
23
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
2.3
. T
herm
al t
reatm
ent
results
in a
sig
nific
ant
reductio
n o
f w
aste
vo
lum
es that ne
eds to
be m
anaged
.
The f
act th
at th
erm
al
treatm
ent re
sults
in a
re
ductio
n c
an
not
be
used a
s a
sta
nd
alo
ne
re
ason to
pro
cee
d.
HT
TT
will
be s
ubje
ct to
th
e W
aste
Manag
em
ent
Bill
.
Reconsid
er
sta
tem
ent
The v
olu
me r
eductio
n o
f w
aste
pro
cessed t
hro
ugh incin
era
tion is o
nly
on
e o
f seve
ral d
ocum
ente
d a
dva
nta
ges o
f th
ese tech
nolo
gie
s.
3. C
on
sid
era
tio
ns a
nd
pri
ncip
les id
en
tifi
ed
rela
ted
sp
ecif
icall
y t
o A
FR
:
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
3.1
. A
FR
resu
lts in
the
re
cove
ry o
f energ
y and
ra
w m
ate
ria
ls,
wh
ich
reduces the
pre
ssure
on n
on-r
ene
wab
le
resourc
es s
uch a
s c
oal
and m
inera
ls.
Sim
ilar
to G
HG
de
bate
, in
pri
ncip
le a
gre
e w
ith
sta
tem
ent but m
y unders
tand
ing is th
at
the a
mount of
resourc
e
(raw
mate
ria
l)
repla
cem
ent un
der
curr
ent activi
ties is lo
w
in r
ela
tion
tota
l re
sourc
e c
onsum
ptio
n.
(ma
ybe r
ele
van
t th
ou
gh)
Reconsid
er
The c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
mate
rials
as A
FR
ha
ve t
he
pote
ntial to
sig
nific
an
tly
red
uce n
ot o
nly
th
e v
olu
mes o
f finite
natu
ral r
esourc
es (
fossil
fuel a
nd m
inera
ls),
bu
t a
lso
the e
nvi
ronm
enta
l im
pacts
caused b
y th
e m
inin
g
there
of.
3.2
. Im
ple
menta
tion o
f A
FR
pro
gra
mm
es
would
ind
irectly
resu
lt in
th
e im
pro
ved
environm
enta
l perf
orm
ance o
f cem
ent
kiln
s in
a r
ela
tive
ly s
hort
perio
d o
f tim
e.
Uncert
ain
wh
y th
is
should
be
the
case.
Can r
ed
uce N
Ox,
impro
ve e
nerg
y bala
nce a
nd s
o o
n b
ut
would
n’t
the o
pposite
als
o a
pp
ly?
Reconsid
er.
C
em
ent kiln
s c
o-p
rocessin
g A
FR
wou
ld h
ave
to c
om
ply
with s
ign
ific
antly
str
icte
r and m
ore
com
pre
hensiv
e e
mis
sio
n lim
its than is c
urr
ently
the
case
for
cem
ent pro
duction w
ith c
onve
ntiona
l fuels
and
ra
w m
ate
rials
.
3.3
. T
he r
esid
ues f
rom
co-p
rocessin
g in
cem
ent kiln
s a
re
incorp
ora
ted into
th
e
final c
em
ent pro
duct,
lea
ving n
o w
aste
th
at
needs t
o b
e d
isposed o
f to
landfill.
We a
re n
ot sure
if
this
w
ould
be th
e c
ase
under
all
situations –
th
ere
ma
y be
situ
ations
where
the r
esid
ues
cannot
be u
sed in t
he
final c
em
ent m
ix
Check a
nd r
econsid
er
Althou
gh in s
om
e c
ases d
ust fr
om
em
issio
n a
bate
ment equ
ipm
ent is
not
recyc
led b
ack in
to t
he p
rod
uctio
n p
rocess, th
is is
not th
e c
ase in S
ou
th
Afr
ica. N
o r
esid
ues t
hat
ha
ve t
o b
e d
isposed o
f w
ill b
e p
roduce
d b
y th
e c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f A
FR
s.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
24
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
3.4
. C
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
wo
uld
allo
w th
e
waste
managem
ent
pla
ns o
f in
dustr
y,
specific
ally
the t
yre
ind
ustr
y, t
o b
e r
ea
lised
as p
rovid
ed f
or
in t
he
Waste
Bill
.
It w
ou
ld c
rea
te a
n o
utlet
for
tyre
recyc
ling b
ut
is
not th
e o
nly
outlet.
N
ote
d. T
he u
se o
f ty
res a
s a
ltern
ative f
uel in
cem
ent kiln
s (
and
oth
er
pro
cesses in
fact)
is o
ne o
f seve
ral m
echanis
ms that are
pro
vid
ed f
or
in th
e
tyre
ind
ustr
y’s p
lans.
AF
R P
oli
cy Im
ple
men
tati
on
/Reg
ula
tio
n –
A p
olic
y o
n A
FR
co
-p
roces
sin
g t
ech
no
log
ies,
if f
ou
nd
accep
tab
le, w
ou
ld b
e s
up
po
rted
by:
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
1. R
equir
em
ents
to
com
ply
with
rele
vant
best in
tern
ationa
l pra
ctic
e (
BA
T/B
EP
) pro
vis
ions,
wh
ich w
ould
be f
orm
alis
ed thro
ugh
DE
AT
’s d
eve
lopm
ent of
norm
s a
nd s
tandard
s,
and w
ou
ld b
e c
aptu
red
in a
nd r
egu
late
d
thro
ug
h a
Secto
r S
pecific
Gu
ide
line (
i.t.o
. S
73 o
f G
N R
.38
7)
an
d
oth
er
leg
isla
tion, a
nd
inclu
ded
in c
ond
itio
ns
of
environm
enta
l auth
orisation (
or
inte
gra
ted p
erm
ittin
g).
Consid
er
“goo
d”,
not
necessarily
“best”
Refe
r to
pre
vious r
espo
nse
und
er
1.6
. C
om
plia
nce w
ith in
tern
atio
na
lly
accepte
d B
AT
and B
EP
pro
visio
ns a
re k
ey
to t
he s
up
port
of
therm
al w
aste
tr
eatm
ent and A
FR
co-p
rocessin
g,
and c
om
plia
nce w
ith these
pro
visio
ns is
not consid
ere
d to
be a
lim
itatio
n.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
25
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
2. R
egula
tory
re
quirem
ents
base
d o
n
BA
T a
nd B
EP
wou
ld
inclu
de o
r ad
dre
ss:
2.1
. S
pecific
norm
s
and s
tandard
s, e.g
. em
issio
n s
tandard
s
and p
ollu
tio
n c
ontr
ol
measure
s
Sup
port
ed. A
lrea
dy
inclu
ded
in lis
ted
activ
itie
s a
nd e
mis
sio
n
sta
ndard
s in t
erm
s o
f A
QA
.
R
egu
lato
ry r
equir
em
ents
would
consid
er
more
than e
xis
ting local
requirem
ents
, an
d w
ould
be b
ase
d o
n in
tern
atio
na
l BA
T a
nd B
EP
.
2.2
. E
nvi
ronm
enta
l assessm
ent and
appro
val
pro
cedure
s,
inclu
din
g t
echn
ical
and info
rmatio
n
requirem
ents
, com
mis
sio
nin
g,
perf
orm
ance
verification
etc
.
Requ
irem
ents
in term
s
of
exis
ting n
ation
al
leg
isla
tio
n
N
ote
d. S
pecific
cond
itio
ns r
ela
ted t
o o
pera
tions, m
ana
gem
ent, m
onito
ring
and r
eport
ing a
re b
ein
g d
evelo
ped a
s p
art
of
the p
roje
ct to
pro
vid
e a
specific
, eff
ectiv
e r
eg
ula
tory
fra
mew
ork
whic
h e
nsure
s e
nvi
ronm
enta
l perf
orm
ance w
ould
com
ply
with
inte
rnatio
nal B
AT
and B
EP
.
2.3
. W
aste
sto
rage
and h
an
dlin
g
Requ
irem
ents
in term
s
of
exis
ting n
ation
al
leg
isla
tio
n
R
egu
lato
ry r
equir
em
ents
would
consid
er
more
than e
xis
ting local
requirem
ents
, an
d w
ould
be b
ase
d o
n in
tern
atio
na
l BA
T a
nd B
EP
.
2.4
. W
aste
input
contr
ol (
se
lection,
qua
lity,
qua
ntit
y,
feed-p
oin
t, e
tc.)
Regu
lations m
ust
contr
ol en
viro
nm
enta
l outc
om
es n
ot
opera
tio
nal pro
ced
ure
s
N
ote
d. H
ow
ever,
it is
oft
en
necessary
to
set sta
ndard
s f
or
opera
tiona
l pro
cedure
s.
2.5
. O
pera
tion
al
para
mete
rs (
e.g
. fe
ed, sta
rt-u
p/s
hut-
do
wn p
roced
ure
s
and lim
itations)
Regu
lations m
ust
contr
ol en
viro
nm
enta
l outc
om
es n
ot
opera
tio
nal pro
ced
ure
s
N
ote
d. A
s a
bo
ve.
2.6
. O
pera
tion
al
pro
cedure
s a
nd
managem
ent
Regu
lations m
ust
contr
ol en
viro
nm
enta
l outc
om
es n
ot
opera
tio
nal pro
ced
ure
s
N
ote
d. A
s a
bo
ve.
2.7
. M
on
itori
ng a
nd
re
port
ing
requirem
ents
To b
e in
clu
de
d in
regula
tions
N
ote
d. A
s a
bo
ve.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
26
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Policy Considerations /
Guiding Principles
Comment
Proposed alternative
3. D
EA
T w
ill d
evelo
p a
n
imple
menta
tion p
lan f
or
regula
ting a
nd
monito
ring ind
ustr
y (e
.g. a
uditin
g
pro
cedure
s)
Sho
uld
be
de
velo
ped in
consulta
tion w
ith
ind
ustr
y
It is
norm
al p
rocedure
for
DE
AT
to d
evelo
p r
eg
ula
tions w
ith a
ll sta
kehold
ers
, in
clu
din
g ind
ustr
y.
4. C
om
plia
nce w
ith t
he
Waste
Manag
em
ent
Hie
rarc
hy
thro
ugh
out
pro
ject in
ce
ption,
develo
pm
ent,
imple
menta
tion
This
polic
y is
subserv
ient to
th
e
Waste
Manag
em
ent B
ill
N
ote
d to t
he e
xte
nt
that
the
de
velo
pm
ent of
the W
aste
Bill
and its
pro
vis
ions
are
be
ing c
onsid
ere
d in
the
polic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess. C
urr
ently
the B
ill is
ho
we
ver
not
enacte
d a
nd t
he p
olic
y is
there
fore
not su
bserv
ient to
it – r
ath
er
The C
onstit
ution a
nd N
EM
A.
5. W
aste
utilis
ed
as
AF
R m
ust have
an
energ
y or
raw
mate
rial
valu
e
Sure
ly t
his
is s
elf
evid
ent
N
ote
d. C
em
ent kiln
s c
ould
ho
we
ver
be u
se
d to
therm
ally
tre
at cert
ain
ha
zard
ous w
aste
str
eam
s w
ith lim
ited o
r no p
art
icula
r energ
y or
raw
mate
rial
valu
e,
if the n
ee
d a
rise in v
ery
specific
circum
sta
nces.
6. T
herm
al t
reatm
ent of
non-A
FR
waste
will
be
managed u
nder
the
HT
TT
polic
y
It is
unders
too
d th
at th
is
is a
polic
y fo
r A
FR
in
kiln
s. A
ny
oth
er
therm
al t
reatm
ent
should
be
managed a
s
appro
priate
in term
s o
f th
e W
aste
Manag
em
ent
Bill
Need s
om
e d
iscussio
n
on th
is p
oin
t.
The p
olic
y w
ill a
ddre
ss therm
al t
reatm
ent of
waste
in b
oth
ded
icate
d w
aste
in
cin
era
tors
, as w
ell
as c
o-p
rocessin
g in c
em
ent kiln
s. W
here
necessary
, specific
regula
tory
mechanis
ms / c
onditi
ons a
re b
ein
g d
evelo
pe
d f
or
part
icu
lar
waste
str
eam
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
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T O
F E
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IRO
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14.
Mr
A W
ats
on
, P
ub
lic In
tere
st
Co
nsu
ltan
ts o
.b.o
. g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
20/1
2/2
007
(Summary of key issues raised and response thereto. Refer to Annexure 1 for the complete submission.)
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Ple
ase f
ind a
ttached t
he f
inal G
rou
ndW
ork
com
ments
for
the t
herm
al
treatm
ent consultation. If
you n
eed a
ny
cla
rificatio
n o
r copie
s o
f an
y of
the
refe
rences then p
lease d
o n
ot h
esita
te t
o c
om
e b
ack to m
e. C
ould
I a
lso
ple
ase p
rom
pt
you to f
ill a
n o
mis
sio
n f
rom
one o
f th
e c
onsultation
docum
ents
? I s
ent th
e e
belo
w t
o K
are
on 2
4th
Octo
ber
askin
g f
or
the
perm
it le
vels
for
the B
revi
k p
lant
wh
ich h
ad b
ee
n r
em
ove
d f
rom
the p
erm
it in
th
e c
onsu
ltatio
n. W
ithout th
is e
mis
sio
n li
mit
data
th
e p
erm
it alo
ne g
ives n
o
usefu
l info
rmatio
n a
bou
t op
era
tions o
f cem
ent kiln
s in
Norw
ay
or
ho
w th
ey
mig
ht re
late
to t
he s
ituatio
n in
Sou
th A
fric
a a
nd
it w
ou
ld b
e v
ery
help
ful i
f yo
u c
ould
sup
ply
it.
The p
erm
it fo
r th
e B
revik
pla
nt
was in
clu
de
d a
s a
n e
xa
mple
of
an ‘o
lder’
typ
e
of
Norw
egia
n p
erm
it. T
he a
uth
or
of
the r
ep
ort
do
esn’t h
ave th
e v
alu
es a
t hand
tho
ugh
. T
he p
art
icula
r perm
it is
ho
we
ver
no lon
ge
r va
lid,
as it
has b
ee
n
repla
ce
d w
ith t
he r
equ
irem
ents
as p
er
the E
U I
ncin
era
tion
Directive.
Exis
ting p
olic
y fr
am
ew
ork
and c
onte
xt:
Mr
Wats
on d
raw
s the c
onclu
sio
n t
hat
the
curr
ent p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent
pro
cess o
n incin
era
tion a
nd
co-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
is b
ein
g d
evelo
pe
d in a
polic
y and le
gis
lative
vacuu
m.
In s
upp
ort
of
the c
onclu
sio
n r
each, a q
uo
tation
by
Lukey,
Brijla
ll et a
l 2004
, is
inclu
de
d w
hic
h r
eads a
s f
ollo
ws “
Luke
y a
dde
d th
at fo
r m
an
y ye
ars
th
e
govern
ment w
as s
een a
s u
nw
illin
g o
r un
ab
le t
o e
nfo
rce w
aste
and
po
llution
regula
tions”;
In r
esponse
, it m
ust be n
ote
d th
at th
e d
evelo
pm
ent of
the t
wo p
olic
ies d
irectly
respond
ed t
o a
ca
ll fr
om
NG
O’s
, P
rovi
ncia
l go
vern
ment an
d industr
y fo
r a
cle
ar
po
licy
direction f
rom
DE
AT
on incin
era
tion
an
d t
he c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
in c
em
ent
kiln
s. G
round
work
in y
our
pre
ss r
ele
ase d
ate
d 2
7
Febru
ary
20
08 ind
icate
d th
at
you h
ave
pushed
go
vern
ment fo
r m
an
y ye
ars
fo
r a c
lear
po
licy
on incin
era
tion o
f w
aste
, especia
lly h
aza
rdous w
aste
.
Ove
r th
e p
ast
10 y
ears
sig
nific
ant a
dvances h
ave
be
en
made to s
trength
en
the e
nvironm
enta
l po
licy
an
d le
gis
lative
fra
mew
ork
in t
he c
ou
ntr
y. T
he p
olic
y develo
pm
ent te
am
has a
t its d
isposa
l th
e g
uid
ance p
rovi
ded b
y th
e
Constit
ution o
f th
e C
ountr
y, the N
ationa
l E
nvi
ronm
enta
l Ma
nag
em
ent A
ct a
nd
the a
mendm
ents
there
to, th
e W
aste
Mana
gem
ent S
trate
gy,
th
e Inte
gra
ted
Pollu
tio
n a
nd W
aste
Manag
em
ent P
olic
y, t
he P
olo
kw
ane D
ecla
ration
on
Waste
Manag
em
ent and t
he W
aste
Bill
. A
s s
uch it is
felt
that
not
on
ly h
as
the n
eed
for
the p
olic
y bee
n c
learl
y art
icu
late
d b
y th
e N
GO
secto
r th
e w
aste
in
dustr
y a
nd t
he P
rovi
ncia
l govern
ment, a
com
pre
hensiv
e f
ram
ew
ork
for
imple
menta
tion o
f im
pro
ved w
aste
manag
em
ent is
als
o in
pla
ce.
The a
rtic
le w
as w
ritt
en in r
esponse to
an e
nfo
rcem
ent actio
n taken a
gain
st
an ille
ga
l dum
pin
g o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
. T
he s
tate
ment
was m
ade that th
is is
not
lon
ger
the c
ase;
go
vern
ment w
ill t
ake s
wift le
ga
l actio
n a
gain
st
po
llute
rs.
The q
uote
there
fore
wou
ld n
ot sup
port
the c
onclu
sio
n m
ade that go
vern
ment
cannot
or
do
es n
ot
enfo
rce t
he la
w.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
28
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Waste
arisin
gs:
Sig
nific
an
t concern
is r
ais
ed a
bout th
e lack o
f in
form
atio
n o
n w
aste
ari
sin
g,
dis
trib
ution a
nd c
om
positi
on. M
r W
ats
on in
dic
ate
s th
at
this
info
rmatio
n is
re
quire
d in o
rder
to g
en
era
te a
ppro
pri
ate
polic
ies f
or
the r
eduction,
treatm
ent or
dis
posal of
wa
ste
s, and in
dic
ate
s h
is d
isa
ppo
intm
ent th
at th
e
docum
ents
do n
ot pro
vide t
his
info
rmatio
n.
Mr
Wats
on m
akes the s
tate
ment th
at th
at no
feasib
ly o
n the
costs
of
imple
mentin
g e
ither
techn
olo
gy
has b
een
pro
vided.
A
mis
sin
g r
efe
rence w
as id
entif
ied o
n p
age 1
0
It is
acknow
ledge
d th
at th
e litera
ture
revie
ws d
id n
ot
inclu
de d
eta
iled
info
rmatio
n o
n w
aste
gen
era
tion, com
positi
on o
r d
istr
ibutio
n. T
his
info
rmatio
n
is c
onta
ine
d in a
se
para
te d
ocum
ent w
hic
h w
as id
entified in th
e c
onsu
ltant’s
te
rms o
f re
fere
nce (
TO
R)
as im
media
te o
bje
ctive
D -
“T
he c
om
para
tive
assessm
ent of
South
Afr
ican v
ers
us in
tern
ation
al w
aste
pro
file
s”.
T
his
is c
orr
ect as the p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess is n
ot in
tend
ed t
o p
rovid
e
econom
ic in
form
atio
n w
hic
h w
ou
ld d
ete
rmin
e the f
easib
ility
of
an incin
era
tio
n
facili
ty. T
he p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess is
only
inte
nd
ed to
supp
ort
, or
not
the a
ccep
tance o
f in
cin
era
tion a
nd c
o-p
rocessin
g a
s a
techno
log
y w
hic
h
could
be c
onsid
ere
d f
or
wa
ste
managem
ent in
th
e c
ou
ntr
y. S
hould
an
incin
era
tion f
acili
ty b
e p
lan
ned a
de
taile
d f
easib
ility
stu
dy
wou
ld n
ee
d to
be
undert
aken b
y th
e p
rop
ose
d d
eve
lop
er
at
the t
ime o
f applic
ation.
The c
onsulta
nt te
am
has a
ttend
ed t
o th
is a
nd h
as p
rovid
ed th
e r
efe
rence.
Waste
managem
ent polic
ies:
A l
ot
is s
aid
abou
t th
e w
aste
hie
rarc
hy
and t
hat
the
focus s
hould
be o
n
encoura
gin
g r
ecyc
ling a
nd
waste
min
imis
atio
n i
nitia
tive
s.
The c
om
ment
is
made t
hat
it shou
ld n
ot
be a
ssum
ed t
hat
incin
era
tion o
r energ
y re
covery
is
necessarily
en
vironm
enta
lly p
refe
rable
to d
isposa
l in
term
s o
f B
est
Pra
ctic
al
En
viro
nm
enta
l Option
(B
PE
O).
T
he c
om
ments
pro
vid
ed b
y M
r W
ats
on o
n t
he d
ocum
ents
pro
duced s
eem
to
ind
icate
tha
t to
sup
port
incin
era
tion
means t
hat
it i
s n
ot
possib
le t
o s
up
port
oth
er
waste
min
imiz
ation, re
use a
nd r
eco
very
op
tions.
The c
om
ment
is t
hat
the m
ain
polic
y in
str
um
ents
for
pro
motin
g p
revention o
f ha
zard
ous
waste
actu
ally
be
lon
gin
g
to
the
fie
ld
of
chem
ical
po
licy
and
re
sourc
e m
anagem
ent. A
n e
xam
ple
of
work
done in
Fin
land is q
uo
ted.
It is
agre
ed t
hat
the
managem
ent of
waste
within
the
waste
hie
rarc
hy
is
fundam
enta
l. T
he h
iera
rch
y is
the
basis
on w
hic
h t
he W
aste
Bill
is w
ritten
an
d
form
s the f
ounda
tion o
f all
the w
ork
undert
aken b
y D
EA
T, in
clu
din
g th
e w
ork
on d
evelo
pin
g t
he p
olic
y on
incin
era
tion
an
d c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
. B
y its
natu
re a
polic
y on incin
era
tion a
nd c
o-p
rocessin
g w
ill h
ow
eve
r fo
cus o
n t
he
low
er
ha
lf o
f th
e w
aste
pyr
am
id. D
EA
T is
eng
age
d in o
ther
pro
jects
wh
ich
focus a
ttention o
n r
ecyc
ling
and r
euse. D
EA
T d
oes v
iew
energ
y re
co
very
fr
om
waste
pre
fera
ble
to la
ndfill
in term
s o
f B
PE
O. In
term
s o
f th
e w
aste
hie
rarc
hy
energ
y re
co
very
is p
refe
rable
to d
isposa
l.
This
polic
y w
ill m
ere
ly p
rovid
e f
or
add
ition
al t
oo
ls f
or
waste
managem
ent
should
th
ese tech
no
log
ies b
e f
ound
to b
e a
ccep
tab
le.
It h
as b
een
dem
onstr
ate
d in s
evera
l co
unties tha
t ha
ve v
ery
hig
h r
ecyc
ling a
nd r
ecovery
ra
tes that
recyc
ling
, co-p
rocessin
g a
nd incin
era
tion c
an c
o-e
xis
t.
In a
ll de
velo
pe
d c
ou
nties in
the w
orld w
aste
manag
em
ent a
nd c
hem
ical
polic
y and n
ot m
utu
ally
exclu
siv
e. It is p
ossib
le f
or
the w
aste
managem
ent
polic
ies a
nd t
echn
olo
gy
too
ls to b
e d
evelo
ped
as w
ell
as c
oncentr
atin
g o
n
chem
ical p
olic
ies. T
here
is a
desp
era
te n
ee
d to
impro
ve w
aste
manag
em
ent
techno
log
ies in t
he c
ountr
y. It is
import
ant
for
counties that
ha
ve d
evelo
pe
d
eff
ectiv
e w
aste
manag
em
ent op
tions to a
ssis
t de
velo
pin
g c
ounties to
als
o
develo
p w
aste
managem
ent options r
ath
er
than f
orc
e d
eve
lopin
g c
ou
ntr
ies
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
29
OF
86
The c
onclu
sio
n is
made th
at in
cin
era
tio
n u
nderm
ines z
ero
waste
po
licie
s
into
spen
din
g a
ll th
eir r
esou
rces o
n d
eve
lop
ing w
aste
str
ate
gie
s th
at e
ven th
e
most deve
loped
counties w
ith s
ign
ific
ant re
sourc
es a
re u
na
ble
to a
chie
ve in
the m
ediu
m term
. It is
unre
alis
tic f
or
Mr
Wats
on to e
xp
ect
waste
m
anagem
ent polic
y d
evelo
pm
ent in
South
Afr
ica to
be
on a
par
with
the
waste
managem
ent po
licy
in F
inla
nd.
It is
evi
den
t w
hen c
onsid
eri
ng r
ecyc
ling a
nd incin
era
tio
n f
igure
s f
rom
the E
U
that
in c
ountr
ies tha
t ach
ieve s
ign
ific
ant re
cyc
ling r
ate
s, in
cin
era
tio
n is
pra
ctic
ed.
In c
ou
ntr
ies w
here
landfill
is t
he m
ost used o
ptio
n r
ecyc
ling f
igure
s
are
reduce
d. It
is c
lear
that
these r
esu
lts a
re n
ot ju
st re
late
d to
incin
era
tion o
r re
cyc
ling b
ut cou
ld a
lso b
e a
ttrib
ute
d to t
he m
atu
rity
of
waste
managem
ent
polic
ies, str
ate
gie
s a
nd im
ple
menta
tion p
lans a
nd
the
resourc
es s
pent
on
waste
managem
ent. It m
ust be c
onclu
ded t
hat re
cyc
ling, in
cin
era
tion a
nd c
o-
pro
cessin
g c
an c
o-e
xis
t a
nd tha
t th
ere
is a
pla
ce f
or
all
of
these t
echn
olo
gie
s
in t
he w
aste
managem
ent hie
rarc
hy.
Sou
th A
fric
a s
ho
uld
not
be f
orc
ed t
o
focus o
nly
on o
ne w
aste
manag
em
ent option i.e
. re
cyclin
g w
hic
h h
as n
ot
been
the
ultim
ate
answ
er
to w
aste
manag
em
ent in
an
y oth
er
cou
ntr
y, there
is
a n
eed t
o d
eve
lop a
su
ite o
f w
aste
managem
ent op
tions.
T
he r
ight to
know
and
acce
ss to in
form
atio
n
A c
onclu
sio
n i
s r
eache
d t
hat
the f
act
that
an i
nte
rnet
searc
h f
or
Inte
gra
ted
W
aste
Manag
em
ent
pla
ns (
IWM
P)
in S
outh
Afr
ica p
roduced
on
ly 3
pla
ns,
dem
onstr
ate
s a
lack o
f consulta
tion w
ith c
om
muniti
es t
hro
ugh t
he I
WM
P
dra
ftin
g p
rocess a
nd a
relu
cta
nce t
o m
ake t
hese I
WM
P’s
ava
ilab
le t
o t
he
pub
lic f
or
consultation a
nd c
om
ment
The c
om
ment is
made tha
t w
hen a
ir q
ua
lity
perm
its a
re r
eceiv
ed f
rom
the
Depart
ment th
at basic
info
rmatio
n is
rem
ove
d.
This
sta
tem
ent seem
s to b
e u
nfo
un
ded
. T
here
ma
y b
e m
an
y re
asons w
hy
Mun
icip
alit
ies d
o n
ot
uplo
ad the
ir IW
MP
onto
the inte
rnet. It
cann
ot
auto
matic
ally
be c
onclu
ded
that th
is d
em
onstr
ate
s a
n u
nw
illin
gness to
consult.
It is
note
d tha
t th
is is
not p
art
of
this
po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess.
PO
Ps C
ontr
ol in
South
Afr
ica
The c
om
ment
is m
ade t
hat
as S
outh
Afr
ica h
as n
ot
com
ple
ted i
t N
atio
na
l Im
ple
menta
tion P
lan f
or
the i
mple
menta
tion o
f th
e S
tockholm
conve
ntio
n
that
the
develo
pm
ent
of
an
incin
era
tion
ori
en
tate
d
str
ate
gy
shou
ld
be
dela
yed.
The p
olic
y o
n incin
era
tion w
ill o
nly
com
ment on th
e a
ccepta
bili
ty o
f th
e
techno
log
y or
not
in the
co
untr
y. N
o s
trate
gy
is t
o b
e d
eve
loped f
or
the u
se o
f in
cin
era
tion t
hro
ugh t
his
pro
cess. T
he d
eve
lopm
ent
of
en
viro
nm
enta
lly s
ou
nd
treatm
ent options w
ill e
nab
le S
outh
Afr
ica to tre
at th
eir o
wn P
OP
s a
nd P
OP
s
waste
s, as w
ell
as a
ch
ieve
better
co
ntr
ol (a
nd
the
possib
ility
of m
inim
izin
g)
South
Afr
ica’s
un
inte
ntiona
l P
OP
s e
mis
sio
ns. It is n
ot
reasona
ble
to e
xpect
that
all
the b
uild
ing b
locks o
f th
e p
erf
ect
waste
manag
em
ent sys
tem
need t
o
be in p
lace b
efo
re im
pro
vem
ents
in the c
urr
en
t w
aste
managem
ent sys
tem
s
in t
he c
ou
ntr
y ca
n b
e e
ffecte
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
30
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Lite
ratu
re r
evie
ws
Mr
Wats
on f
inds t
he l
itera
ture
revie
ws t
o b
e o
f poor
qua
lity,
he d
oes n
ot
consid
ere
d t
hem
fit
for
the p
urp
ose,
he f
inds t
hem
to d
ispla
y a d
isap
poin
ting
la
ck o
f attention o
r re
leva
nce t
o t
he S
outh
Afr
ican c
onte
xt
an
d d
em
onstr
ate
a b
ias to
ward
s in
cin
era
tion a
nd c
o-p
rocessin
g.
DE
AT
has f
ound
th
e info
rmatio
n c
onta
ined in t
he d
ocu
ments
to b
e o
f a h
igh
qua
lity
and p
rovid
ing
the
ba
ckgro
und r
eq
uire
d to
de
velo
p th
e c
urr
ent
po
licie
s.
As b
oth
consu
ltants
are
expert
s in
the
ir r
ele
vant fie
lds o
ne b
ein
g c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
s a
nd
ra
w m
ate
rials
in c
em
ent kiln
s a
nd
the
oth
er
bein
g incin
era
tion
, an
d g
ive
n th
at th
e s
cope
of
the T
erm
s o
f R
efe
rence
were
to p
rovi
de info
rmatio
n o
n t
he t
wo tech
no
log
ies it is
only
natu
ral t
hat th
e
docum
ents
wo
uld
consid
er
the p
ositiv
e a
spects
of
each techn
olo
gy
as w
ell
as
the lim
itations. It is n
ote
d t
hat in
choosin
g a
consu
ltant
to p
rovi
de c
om
ments
to
th
e v
ario
us d
ocum
ents
deve
loped t
hro
ugh t
his
pro
cess G
round
work
has
em
plo
yed
a c
onsu
ltant sym
path
etic
to th
e a
nti-
incin
era
tion
cause a
nd o
ne
who h
as p
rovi
ded c
om
ments
to the N
GO
secto
r in
clu
din
g I
PE
N o
n w
aste
and
incin
era
tion issues. T
hro
ug
h th
is m
ix it
is b
elie
ved th
at
a b
ala
nce
d v
iew
has
been
giv
en w
hic
h h
as p
rovi
ded a
go
od b
asis
for
de
velo
pin
g t
he p
olic
ies.
T
he E
conom
ics o
f T
herm
al T
reatm
ent
Much
has
been
said
b
y M
r W
ats
on
about
the
econom
ics
of
therm
al
treatm
ent.
A price fo
r th
e cost
of
incin
era
tion h
as been pro
vided in
th
e com
ments
w
hic
h is b
ased o
n u
sin
g t
he c
ap
ital costs
of
a p
lant
ere
cte
d in C
op
enh
age
n,
add
ing t
he
costs
of
the N
orw
egia
n i
ncin
era
tion t
ax a
nd a
pply
ing t
his
fig
ure
to
half t
he e
stim
ate
d a
mount
of
waste
ge
nera
ted in S
outh
Afr
ica p
er
an
num
and p
roje
cting t
his
ove
r a 2
5 y
ear
peri
od,
then e
qu
ating t
his
to t
he H
ea
lth
budg
et fo
r 12 y
ears
.
The li
tera
ture
re
vie
w w
as n
ot in
ten
ded
to p
roduce
a f
easib
ility
stu
dy
for
therm
al t
reatm
ent te
chno
logie
s.
Not o
nly
is t
his
meth
od u
nscie
ntific, re
leasin
g s
tate
ments
based
on s
uch
extr
apola
tions is a
larm
ists
and irr
esponsib
le.
Clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd incin
era
tion
The c
om
ment
is m
ade t
hat
com
bin
ed
he
at
and
po
wer
is not
a p
ractic
al
option f
or
South
Afr
ica.
A g
raph i
s a
lso p
rovid
ed w
hic
h i
ndic
ate
s t
hat
ele
ctr
icity
only
incin
era
tion
pro
duces a
bout
twic
e a
s m
uch c
arb
on d
ioxid
e p
er
kWh a
s c
oal
fire
d p
ow
er
sta
tions.
With
respect to
th
e v
ari
ous c
om
ment about
“com
bin
ed h
eat
and
po
wer”
the
litera
ture
revie
w o
n incin
era
tion
identified t
he s
am
e p
oin
t on
pa
ge 3
2 o
f th
e
docum
ent.
It is
note
d tha
t th
is is
th
e c
ase o
nly
when
bio
genic
carb
on is
add
ed, re
se
arc
h
on b
iog
en
ic c
arb
on is n
ot a
dva
nced.
Sh
ou
ld t
he r
esu
lts in
fig
ure
2 b
e u
se
d
the
y cle
arl
y supp
ort
th
e n
eed f
or
So
uth
Afr
ica to m
ove
to
ward
s a
ltern
ative
meth
ods o
f energ
y pro
duction a
nd s
up
port
s th
e m
ove
to
ward
s incin
era
tion
with
ele
ctr
icity
genera
tio
n.
The C
O2 p
er
un
it of
ele
ctr
icity
genera
ted b
y a c
oal
fire
d p
ow
er
sta
tion is a
ppro
xim
ate
ly 8
00 g
per
KW
h w
here
as the
fig
ure
for
incin
era
tion w
ith e
lectr
icity
genera
tion is a
ppro
xim
ate
ly 5
00
g. N
otin
g th
at
in
South
Afr
ica 9
1.9
% o
f our
ele
ctr
icity
is g
enera
ted thro
ugh c
oa
l fired p
ow
er
sta
tions this
co
uld
be a
sig
nific
ant co
nsid
era
tion.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
31
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Em
issio
ns f
rom
incin
era
tion
and p
ote
ntial he
alth im
pacts
It i
s n
ote
d t
hat
the q
uote
fro
m t
he N
atio
na
l R
esearc
h C
ouncil
regard
ing t
he
hea
lth r
isks f
rom
incin
era
tion t
hat
was i
nclu
ded i
n t
he l
itera
ture
revie
w o
n
hig
h te
mpera
ture
in
cin
era
tion w
as not
reassuri
ng giv
en th
e lo
w le
vel
of
cert
ain
ly e
xpre
ssed a
nd
co
nsid
eri
ng t
he
ba
dly
opera
ted in
cin
era
tion f
acili
ties
in S
outh
Afr
ica in
the r
ece
nt past.
It is
felt
that th
e q
uo
te is s
uff
icie
ntly
reassuring in t
hat shou
ld incin
era
tion b
e
consid
ere
d a
s a
tre
atm
ent te
chno
log
y in
the c
ountr
y in
tern
ation
al em
issio
n
sta
ndard
s w
ill a
pp
ly.
The N
atio
na
l Rese
arc
h C
ou
ncil
is f
airly
cert
ain
tha
t
“…w
ell
run f
acili
ties a
re e
xp
ecte
d t
o c
ontr
ibute
little t
o e
nvironm
enta
l concentr
ations a
nd t
o h
ea
lth r
isks …
.”. T
he m
ore
nega
tive a
sp
ects
of
the
sta
tem
ent are
associa
ted w
ith o
lder
po
orl
y op
era
ted f
acili
ties.
E
mis
sio
ns f
rom
Munic
ipa
l W
aste
Incin
era
tion
In t
his
section
pro
vides i
nfo
rmatio
n o
n t
he e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
the i
ncin
era
tion
pro
cess.
The p
oin
t th
at
a T
ota
l O
rganic
Em
issio
ns d
ete
rmin
ation f
or
site
specific
ris
k a
ssess
ments
shou
ld b
e d
one.
It is
note
d tha
t da
ta f
rom
1995 a
s w
ell
as d
ata
fro
m b
atc
h f
ed p
ilot
pla
nt are
used to
supp
ort
th
e s
tate
ment a
bou
t a r
ange
of
em
issio
n f
rom
incin
era
tors
and t
he im
pacts
of
these e
mis
sio
ns that
are
poorl
y un
ders
tood.
It w
as n
ote
d
in s
eve
ral i
nsta
nces in b
oth
lite
ratu
re r
evie
ws s
ign
ific
ant ad
vances h
ave
bee
n
made in
the
past te
n y
ears
in u
nders
tand
ing e
mis
sio
n f
rom
incin
era
tion. T
he
litera
ture
revie
w o
n h
igh te
mpera
ture
incin
era
tion p
rovid
ed e
vidence f
rom
G
erm
an
y, S
wed
en a
nd
De
nm
ark
, w
hic
h ind
icate
s t
hat
em
issio
ns f
rom
in
cin
era
tion s
ign
ific
antly
reduced s
ince 1
999.
It is s
tate
d th
at m
erc
ury
and
oth
er
hea
vy
meta
l em
issio
ns f
rom
waste
incin
era
tion p
lants
ha
ve b
een
reduced b
y 98 –
99 %
fro
m 1
98
5 to 2
00
2 a
nd t
hat
dio
xin
em
issio
ns into
the
air f
rom
all
waste
incin
era
tion p
lan
ts in
Sw
ede
n h
ave
decre
ased f
rom
appro
x.
100 g
ram
per
year
in 1
98
5 t
o 1
.1 g
ram
per
year
in 2
00
2. It is there
fore
very
questiona
ble
to u
se d
ata
whic
h is c
learl
y date
d a
nd
for
whic
h n
ew
researc
h is
ava
ilab
le.
R
ela
tive
Hea
lth im
pacts
of w
aste
managem
ent optio
ns &
He
alth r
evi
ew
s
Tw
o
refe
rences
for
health
re
vie
ws
undert
aken
are
in
clu
ded
and
it w
as
str
ongly
sug
geste
d th
at th
ey
becom
e p
art
of
the c
onsu
ltation
pro
cess.
The f
indin
gs h
ave
been
note
d a
nd c
are
fully
consid
ere
d b
y th
e D
ep
art
ment as
part
of
the p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess a
s w
as r
equ
este
d.
C
om
plia
nce
This
sectio
n c
onta
ins c
om
ments
on t
he n
on c
om
plia
nce o
f seve
ral
United
K
ingd
om
and F
rench incin
era
tors
It is
difficult
to c
om
ment on n
on-c
om
plia
nces o
f in
tern
atio
nal in
cin
era
tors
. In
S
outh
Afr
ica o
ver
the p
ast fe
w y
ears
perm
it cond
itions a
nd c
om
plia
nce
monito
ring h
ave
im
pro
ved s
ignific
an
tly.
Ove
r th
e p
ast
two y
ears
, com
plia
nce
aud
its h
ave
bee
n u
ndert
aken to
all
com
merc
ially
ope
rate
d h
ea
lth c
are
ris
k
waste
incin
era
tors
an
d w
he
re n
on-c
om
plia
nce h
as b
ee
n d
ete
cte
d s
eve
r actio
ns h
ave
been
taken to c
orr
ect th
e s
ituation.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
32
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Health R
evie
ws
The
com
ments
docum
ent
deals
exte
nsiv
ely
w
ith
dio
xin
fo
rmatio
n,
the
open
ing
sta
tem
ent
indic
ate
s
that
until
rece
ntly
munic
ipa
l solid
w
aste
in
cin
era
tors
were
the l
arg
est
sourc
e o
f dio
xin
em
issio
n t
o a
ir i
n E
uro
pe,
the
U
S a
nd J
ap
an.
A c
om
ment
is m
ade t
hat
dio
xin
form
atio
n i
s i
ncre
ase
d a
t sta
rt u
p a
nd s
hut
do
wn
of
the
in
cin
era
tion
pla
nts
a
nd
at
upset
co
nditio
ns
an
d
that
the
lit
era
ture
revie
w d
id n
ot d
iscuss this
aspect.
It is a
ssum
e t
hat
sta
rt-u
p a
nd u
pset
con
ditio
ns w
ou
ld l
ikely
be e
xem
pt
from
re
gula
tions in S
outh
Afr
ica
A c
all
is m
ade f
or
contin
uously
sam
plin
g f
or
dio
xin
s,
should
South
Afr
ica
recom
mend therm
al t
reatm
ent, t
his
req
uest
is n
ote
d.
The li
tera
ture
re
vie
w o
n h
igh tem
pera
ture
incin
era
tion e
xpla
ins th
at d
ue t
o
str
ingen
t G
erm
an a
nd E
U r
egu
lations,
waste
incin
era
tion p
lan
ts e
mis
sio
ns o
f dio
xin
s, dust,
an
d h
eavy
meta
ls f
rom
waste
incin
era
tors
in G
erm
an
y an
d th
e
EU
have b
een d
rastic
ally
re
duced s
ince 1
990,
eve
n t
ho
ugh w
aste
in
cin
era
tion c
apacity
has a
lmost doub
led
sin
ce 1
98
5.
Tota
l dio
xin
em
issio
ns
from
all
61 w
aste
incin
era
tion p
lan
ts in
Germ
an
y in
20
00 h
as d
rop
ped t
o
appro
xim
ate
ly o
ne t
housa
ndth
of
the e
mis
sio
n in y
ear
1990
as a
conseque
nce o
f th
e in
sta
llatio
n o
f filte
r un
its s
tipu
late
d b
y sta
tuto
ry la
w: fr
om
400 g
ram
s to
less than 0
.5 g
ram
s.
A s
ectio
n h
as b
een a
dde
d t
o the
lite
ratu
re r
evi
ew
on h
igh tem
pera
ture
in
cin
era
tion w
hic
h d
eals
sp
ecific
ally
with
this
asp
ect. I
n b
rief
accord
ing t
o t
he
Euro
pean
Directive o
n Incin
era
tion d
uri
ng s
tart
-up a
nd s
hut
do
wn
or
wh
en
the t
em
pera
ture
of
the g
as f
alls
be
low
850 º
C o
r 11
00 º
C a
s th
e c
ase m
ay
be
, th
e a
uxili
ary
burn
er
sha
ll no
t be f
ed w
ith f
uels
wh
ich c
an c
ause h
igher
em
issio
ns than t
hose r
esu
ltin
g f
rom
the b
urn
ing o
f gasoil.
So th
e s
tric
t opera
tin
g r
equ
irem
ents
for
incin
era
tors
ha
ve c
onsid
ere
d a
nd a
ddre
ssed t
his
concern
.
This
is a
n incorr
ect assum
ptio
n, shou
ld incin
era
tio
n b
e a
ccepte
d a
s a
waste
m
anagem
ent te
chnolo
gy
in S
ou
th A
fric
a in
tern
ation
al sta
nd
ard
s w
ou
ld a
pp
ly,
and a
s n
ote
d a
bo
ve, sta
rt-u
p a
nd u
pse
t cond
itio
ns a
re s
pecific
ally
dea
lt w
ith.
Noting t
he e
xp
erim
enta
l natu
re o
f th
is e
qu
ipm
ent as s
tate
d in t
he
Gro
und
work
docum
ent, the
va
lue
of
a d
eve
lopin
g c
ou
ntr
y seekin
g t
o im
pro
ve
waste
managem
ent m
easure
s takin
g the inte
rnatio
na
l le
ad b
y re
qu
irin
g th
e
insta
llatio
n o
f th
is e
xpe
nsiv
e a
nd u
nte
ste
d e
quip
me
nt is
questiona
ble
.
B
rom
inate
d a
nd
oth
er
ha
logena
ted d
ioxin
s
Info
rmatio
n is
pro
vided
on
m
ixed halo
ge
nate
d d
ioxin
s and
fu
rans w
hic
h
could
be f
orm
ed in
bo
th incin
era
tors
and c
em
ent kiln
s.
DE
AT
und
ers
tands t
hat fe
w tests
ha
ve b
ee
n u
ndert
aken a
nd th
e r
esults to
date
ha
ve b
ee
n c
onflic
ting
. T
here
fore
it w
ou
ld b
e u
nre
asonab
le t
o p
re-e
mpt
the f
ind
ings o
f fu
rther
work
in t
his
fie
ld a
nd n
ot to
consid
er
the
use o
f a
techno
log
y based o
n r
ese
arc
h a
nd d
ata
still
to b
e p
resente
d.
Dio
xin
Mass B
ala
nce
The G
round
work
docum
ent
dis
agre
es w
ith t
he
fact
tha
t m
odern
incin
era
tors
are
net
dio
xin
destr
oye
rs.
The p
oin
t is
made t
hat
no r
efe
rence is inclu
ded t
o
support
the s
tate
ment in
th
e lite
ratu
re r
evi
ew
.
The r
efe
rence is
inclu
de
d a
s f
ollo
ws: M
cK
ay;
G.
"Dio
xin
chara
cte
riza
tion,
form
atio
n a
nd m
inim
ization d
urin
g m
unic
ipa
l so
lid w
aste
(M
SW
) in
cin
era
tion:
revi
ew
"; C
hem
ical E
ngin
eeri
ng J
ourn
al 8
6 (
20
02)
34
3–
368.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
33
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Main
Ris
ks o
f In
cin
era
tion P
lants
T
he
com
ment
is
made
that
the
litera
ture
re
vie
w
on
hig
h
tem
pera
ture
in
cin
era
tion is s
ilent
on t
he m
ain
ris
ks a
ssocia
ted w
ith incin
era
tio
n.
The m
ain
ris
ks o
f in
cin
era
tion h
ave b
een inclu
de
d in s
ectio
n 6
.7.
Cem
ent K
iln S
pecific
Issues
Pro
pose
d A
FR
’s
It is
note
d tha
t th
e e
xclu
sio
n lis
ts p
rovid
ed in a
pre
sen
tatio
n a
t a p
ub
lic
meetin
g d
id n
ot m
eet th
e s
tandard
s e
xpecte
d b
y B
AT
-BE
P g
uid
elin
es o
r th
ose p
ropose
d b
y th
e G
TZ
pro
cess.
A r
efe
rence is
made to
the
exit
gas c
lea
nin
g e
qu
ipm
ent in
cem
ent kiln
s
bein
g r
udim
enta
ry a
s this
equip
ment is
usua
lly o
nly
cru
de e
lectr
osta
tic
pre
cip
itato
rs o
r bag
filt
ers
. It
is s
aid
th
at th
is g
as c
lean
ing e
quip
ment w
ou
ld
not q
uench
tem
pera
ture
over
the d
e n
ovo s
ynth
esis
ph
ase a
nd c
ou
ld r
esu
lt in
dio
xin
form
atio
n.
The in
tensio
n w
ou
ld b
e t
o inclu
de th
e m
ost str
ingent
list. If
the p
refe
rence
would
be to inclu
de “
ele
ctr
onic
waste
”, r
ath
er
tha
n “
unsort
ed e
lectr
onic
w
aste
”, th
is w
ill b
e a
mende
d.
It is
note
d tha
t B
AT
techno
log
y fo
r cem
ent kiln
s in
clu
de e
xit
gas c
on
ditio
nin
g
whic
h r
educes e
xit g
asses t
o tem
pera
ture
s lo
wer
than 2
00
oC
wh
ich is
belo
w
the ide
al dio
xin
form
ing tem
pera
ture
s.
Test B
urn
s
The c
om
ments
note
that
the t
est
burn
undert
aken i
n V
ietn
am
can n
ot
be
calle
d a
success a
s th
e N
Ox l
eve
ls w
ere
nin
e t
imes
hig
her
than t
he E
U
Waste
Incin
era
tion D
irective s
tand
ard
s.
The test burn
was n
ot
ab
ou
t N
Ox c
ontr
ol or
NO
x r
eductio
n –
it
was a
bo
ut
pro
vin
g t
hat
ha
zard
ous c
he
mic
als
causin
g a
seri
ous lo
cal h
ealth a
nd
environm
enta
l th
reat, c
ou
ld b
e d
ispose
d o
f in
a s
ou
nd a
nd c
ost-
eff
icie
nt
wa
y w
ithout
dela
ys b
y usin
g a
lo
cal c
em
ent kiln
– th
is p
art
icula
r kiln
had
a N
Ox
pro
ble
m a
lread
y, b
ut th
anks to th
is a
rtic
le a
nd th
e a
tte
ntio
n th
is test
ga
ve, th
e
com
pan
y ha
ve n
ow
insta
lled a
SN
CR
-sys
tem
for
NO
x r
eductio
n a
nd t
he k
iln
is p
ractic
ing c
o-p
rocessin
g in f
ull
scale
so
lvin
g u
rgent
local p
roble
ms, and the
em
issio
ns a
re in
com
plia
nce w
ith th
e E
U-d
irective s
tan
dard
s.
Mun
icip
al W
aste
T
he p
oin
t is
made t
hat
Sou
th A
fric
an
kiln
s c
ann
ot
reasonab
ly b
e c
onsid
ere
d
as a
pote
ntial
“solu
tion”
to t
he d
isposal
of
munic
ipa
l w
aste
as t
his
would
genera
te larg
e q
uantities o
f ash.
The li
st of
waste
s to
be e
xclu
ded f
rom
consid
era
tion in
a c
em
ent kiln
whic
h
was c
om
mente
d o
n e
arl
ier,
ind
icate
tha
t unsort
ed m
unic
ipa
l w
aste
is n
ot
bein
g c
onsid
ere
d f
or
treatm
ent
in c
em
ent kiln
s.
E
mis
sio
ns f
rom
Cem
ent K
ilns
It is n
ote
s t
hat
at
tim
es w
he
n t
he E
lectr
osta
tic P
recip
itato
rs t
rip,
em
issio
ns t
o
the a
tmosphere
are
exp
erie
nced.
In tim
es w
hen e
lectr
icity
is inte
rrupte
d t
he inclu
sio
n o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
into
th
e p
rocess c
an b
e s
topp
ed im
media
tely
. S
hou
ld t
his
techno
log
y b
e
consid
ere
d a
ccepta
ble
for
inclu
sio
n a
s a
waste
mana
gem
ent te
chno
log
y in
S
outh
Afr
ica in
tern
ation
al s
tandard
s w
ill a
pp
ly.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
34
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Cem
ent K
iln d
ust an
d C
em
ent Q
ualit
y Is
sues
The c
om
ment
is m
ade t
hat
most
cem
ent
kiln
s r
equire t
he C
em
ent
Kiln
Dust
(CK
D)
to b
e r
em
ove
d f
rom
the
kiln
sys
tem
, and t
here
fore
it
is s
trang
e t
ha
t lit
tle C
KD
is p
roduced i
n S
outh
Afr
ica w
ith t
he m
ajo
rity
of
it bein
g b
lend
ed
in
to t
he p
rod
uct. T
his
is r
ais
ed a
s a
concern
as C
KD
is l
ikely
to b
e o
ne o
f th
e m
ost conta
min
ate
d o
utp
uts
fro
m a
cem
ent kiln
.
CK
D is a
valu
able
ra
w m
ate
rial an
d is
not re
move
d f
rom
the p
rocess if
it is
not n
ecessary
. T
he r
em
ova
l of
CK
D is o
nly
necessary
in c
ases w
here
alk
ali
reactiv
e a
ggre
gate
s a
re p
resent in
th
e f
eed m
ate
rial. T
his
is o
nly
the c
ase f
or
a f
ew
geo
gra
phic
are
as in
the w
orl
d e
.g.
easte
rn p
art
s o
f th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s.
Health C
oncern
s A
ssocia
ted w
ith C
em
ent kiln
s
Ne
w r
efe
rences h
ave
be
en p
rovid
ed u
nder
this
head
ing.
Str
ingen
t em
issio
n a
nd m
onito
ring r
equ
irem
ents
have
been
recom
mended
should
th
is techn
olo
gy
be a
ccepte
d a
s a
waste
managem
ent optio
n in S
outh
A
fric
a. T
hese e
mis
sio
n r
eq
uirem
ents
are
in lin
e w
ith b
est in
tern
atio
nal
sta
ndard
s a
nd w
ill im
pro
ve t
he o
vera
ll perf
orm
ance o
f cem
ent in
dustr
y in
the
countr
y.
P
erf
orm
ance o
f E
xis
ting K
ilns
It i
s n
ote
d t
hat
the c
onclu
sio
ns o
f th
e r
evi
ew
of
exis
ting c
em
ent
pla
nts
in
S
outh
Afr
ica g
ive c
ause f
or
concern
as t
he c
onclu
sio
ns a
re c
are
fully
word
ed
not
to u
nderm
ine t
he o
lder
kiln
s a
nd t
hat
eve
n t
he n
ew
modern
pre
-calc
iner
kiln
s d
o n
ot ha
ve b
ypasses.
A c
oncern
is r
ais
ed t
hat
the
re a
re n
o labora
tori
es in S
outh
Afr
ica t
ha
t can d
o
dio
xin
analy
sis
.
A c
oncern
was r
ais
ed t
hat
the
costs
of
retr
ofitt
ing
kiln
s i
n S
outh
Afr
ica d
id
not fo
rm p
art
of
the term
s o
f re
fere
nce o
f th
e c
onsultan
ts.
Sho
uld
th
is techn
olo
gy
be
consid
ere
d a
s b
ein
g a
ccep
table
as a
waste
m
anagem
ent optio
n in th
e c
ountr
y each k
iln tha
t ap
plie
s to u
tilis
e h
aza
rdo
us
waste
wo
uld
be
requ
ired
to m
eet th
e e
mis
sio
ns r
equir
em
ents
. T
he b
y pass is
not associa
ted
with B
AT
consid
era
tio
ns b
ut
is u
se
d to r
em
ove
alk
alis
. T
he f
act th
at th
ere
are
no labora
tories in S
ou
th A
fric
a to a
naly
ze f
or
dio
xin
s is
curr
ently
corr
ect, h
ow
eve
r, t
here
has b
een little
dem
and f
or
dio
xin
analy
sis
. T
he r
ecom
mended m
onito
ring r
eq
uirem
ents
call
for
dio
xin
measure
ments
to
be taken. O
nce d
em
and is
incre
ased a
la
bora
tory
in t
he c
ountr
y m
ay
ap
ply
to
becom
e a
ccre
dite
d t
o u
nde
rtake this
ana
lysis
.
The c
osts
of
retr
ofittin
g k
ilns s
hould
th
is techn
olo
gy
be
accepte
d a
s a
possib
le w
aste
managem
ent op
tion in th
e c
ou
ntr
y w
ou
ld b
e th
e w
ork
of
the
kiln
ow
ners
. T
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y h
ave
cle
arl
y in
dic
ate
d th
eir inte
rest in
co-
pro
cessin
g s
o o
ne
wou
ld im
agin
e that
know
ing
the
em
issio
n s
tan
dard
s th
at
would
apply
and t
he
op
era
ting c
on
ditio
ns t
hat
wou
ld b
e a
pp
lied t
he ind
ustr
y has c
onsid
ere
d t
he c
osts
of
retr
ofittin
g.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
35
OF
86
15.
Mr
B B
ow
les, eco
2 (
Lafa
rge N
PC
-CIM
PO
R);
11/0
1/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comment on draft Guideline for Treatm
ent of Hazardous W
astes and Co-
processing of AFRs in Cement Kilns (SINTEF, 07/01/2008):
I am
readin
g y
our
recom
mendations f
or
SA
and g
en
era
lly a
gre
e,
ho
wever
there
are
2 issues (
I'm u
p to p
31)
that
I d
on’t a
gre
e w
ith a
nd n
eed t
o
unders
tand m
ore
.
1. T
he d
iffe
rence b
etw
ee
n a
cem
ent kiln
and a
pre
-tre
atm
ent pla
tform
.
You c
orr
ectly
mention t
hat
cem
ent kiln
s n
ee
d a
hom
ogenis
ed f
uel t
hat
is
consis
tently
pro
duced w
ith h
eat
valu
e a
nd s
pecific
atio
n. T
hese f
uels
w
heth
er
liqu
id,
slu
dges o
r sa
wdust/carr
ier
typ
e w
ill b
e p
roduce
d b
y a p
re-
treatm
ent pla
tform
and m
ade f
rom
man
y diffe
rent
waste
s.
As y
ou k
now
cem
ent kiln
s b
ecause o
f th
e v
ari
able
an
d in
co
nsis
ten
t cv'
s,
specific
atio
ns &
ph
ysic
al lim
itatio
ns c
an n
ot
use m
an
y ty
pes o
f w
aste
s in
small
volu
mes p
art
icula
rly
pain
t &
oth
er
slu
dges a
nd s
olid
waste
s (
such a
s
resin
s)
that
are
genera
ted b
y in
dustr
y a
nd r
ely
on
a p
re-t
reatm
ent pla
tform
to
pro
duce a
n h
om
ogenis
ed w
aste
deri
ved f
uel.
The
y ca
n a
nd d
o in B
razi
l, F
rance&
the U
SA
use a
liq
uid
so
lvent
or
oil
based liq
uid
waste
but o
nly
when
the
mark
et genera
tes s
uff
icie
nt
volu
me,
consis
tent cv
& s
pecific
atio
ns (
you m
ay
be a
ware
of
oth
er
countr
ies).
At th
e
mom
ent S
asol i
s t
he o
nly
com
pan
y in
SA
th
at
pro
ba
bly
genera
tes th
is w
aste
in
suff
icie
nt
volu
mes. C
ert
ain
ly n
o o
ther
refinery
, p
ain
t com
pan
y, c
ar
com
pan
y etc
. do
es o
r can.
2. I am
als
o c
oncern
ed a
t th
e u
se o
f tim
e r
estr
ictio
ns f
or
waste
sto
rage;
I assum
e these a
re a
t cem
ent kiln
s. In
Ma
lays
ia &
som
e s
tate
s in A
ustr
alia
sto
rage t
ime li
mits
were
intr
oduced
to e
nsure
that
gen
era
tors
did
not
avo
id
their r
esp
onsib
ilities in d
isp
osin
g o
f w
aste
s f
or
cost re
asons, even s
o t
he
y w
ere
giv
en u
p t
o 6
month
s.
I ha
ve a
lso b
ee
n involv
ed in o
ther
typ
es o
f w
aste
dis
posa
l (la
ndfills
& s
oil
rem
edia
tion p
lants
) w
he
n f
or
socia
l re
asons
buff
er
zones w
ere
art
ific
ially
im
posed a
nd t
he p
ub
lic s
aid
- w
hy,
if the
waste
is
harm
ful a
t x-1
dis
tance
wh
y is
it n
ot
harm
ful a
t x d
ista
nce. I
am
concern
ed
that th
e s
am
e a
rgum
ent could
be u
sed h
ere
and t
here
is n
o s
cie
ntif
ic
answ
er
for
waste
per
se b
ut, there
can b
e f
or
packagin
g,
wh
ich c
an c
orr
ode
or
be d
am
aged in o
ther
wa
ys.
A
lso,
as f
ar
as I'm
aw
are
th
ere
are
no s
tora
ge lim
itatio
ns in
the E
U r
egs.
I w
ou
ld s
uggest th
e f
ollo
win
g:
1. G
reate
r diffe
rentia
tio
n b
etw
een
Cem
ent kiln
s takin
g w
aste
s d
irect in
bu
lk
and larg
e q
uantities a
nd p
re-t
reatm
ent pla
tform
s p
roducin
g a
n h
om
ogenis
ed
waste
deri
ved f
ue
l.
2. S
tora
ge tim
es b
e intr
od
uced f
or
all
ha
zard
ous w
aste
sto
rage w
ith a
perio
d
of
3-
6 m
onth
s w
ith p
erh
ap
s a
n intr
oductio
n p
eri
od
.
Note
d.
Note
d.
Note
d. T
he G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lope
d to
pro
vide a
gen
era
l fra
mew
ork
for
the d
evelo
pm
ent of
site
spe
cific
opera
tion
al,
manag
em
ent a
nd m
onito
ring
pla
ns. T
hese p
lans w
ould
be d
eve
lop
ed b
ased
on e
ach
part
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
an
d m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
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D R
ES
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NS
E R
EP
OR
T
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EP
AR
TM
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T O
F E
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IRO
NM
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TA
L A
FF
AIR
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UR
ISM
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PT
EM
BE
R 2
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GE
36
OF
86
16.
Mr
G R
ittn
er,
Th
erm
osele
ct;
15/0
1/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Communication via letter forwarded to H Crous (ESA) and representatives
of Holcim, PPC and Plasfed.
Dear
Part
ners
of
the
work
shop,
Unfo
rtunate
ly I w
ere
invite
d la
te s
o I w
as u
nable
to
make it
. S
o p
lease f
ind
here
aft
er
our
positio
n c
oncern
ing th
e p
apers
we h
ave g
ot th
e last som
e
da
ys.
I hop
e y
ou c
an a
ccept
this
“short
message”
with b
est re
gard
s G
ün
ter
Ritt
ner.
The d
ate
for
the
work
shop o
n 1
6 J
anu
ary
200
8 w
as s
et w
ith e
very
on
e’s
agre
em
ent at th
e s
takeho
lder
work
shop o
n 9
Octo
ber
2007
, w
hic
h w
as
atten
ded
by
Mr
Ritt
ner,
and
the d
ate
was inclu
ded in
th
e p
resenta
tion w
ith
the ‘W
ay
forw
ard
’ and r
ecord
of
the m
eetin
g d
istr
ibu
ted
there
aft
er.
Mr
Rittn
er
did
in f
act att
en
d th
e s
takehold
er
work
shop o
n 1
6 J
an
uary
2008.
Nati
on
al
Po
lic
y o
n H
igh
Tem
pera
ture
Th
erm
al W
as
te T
reatm
en
t an
d
Cem
en
t K
iln
Alt
ern
ati
ve F
uel &
Re
so
urc
e U
se
We s
hould
lik
e to r
espo
nd s
pecific
ally
to th
e p
aper
by
Dr.
Kars
tense
n a
s
follo
ws:
We b
elie
ve D
EA
T o
r th
e c
em
ent pro
ducin
g in
dustr
y sh
ould
carr
y o
ut a
com
para
tive
cost stu
dy
of
two c
ases, as o
utlin
ed b
elo
w. T
HE
RM
OS
EL
EC
T
would
able
to a
ssis
t in
th
is r
egard
, if r
equ
ired,
as w
e o
ften e
ncounte
r th
e
issue o
f th
e p
ossib
le d
isp
osal o
f w
aste
in k
ilns w
orl
dw
ide.
Case A
: T
his
case s
hould
be b
ased
on th
e p
re-c
on
ditio
ns r
ais
ed b
y D
r. K
ars
tense
n
in h
is p
aper
for
the d
isp
osal of
waste
in c
em
ent kiln
s, such a
s, fo
r exam
ple
: •
Pag
e 1
3 f
f: O
nly
ha
zard
ous w
aste
s f
rom
tru
stw
ort
hy
pa
rtie
s
thro
ug
hou
t th
e s
upp
ly c
ha
in …
•
Pag
e 1
6: C
em
ent Q
ua
lity.
Tre
atm
ent of
ha
zard
ous w
aste
s a
nd c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f A
FR
’s s
ha
ll n
ot aff
ect …
•
Pag
e 1
7 to 2
0: O
pera
tion
al guid
elin
es: P
re-a
ccep
tance
of
waste
-in
form
atio
n n
ee
de
d, pre
-tre
atm
ent and m
ixin
g o
f w
aste
s e
tc., e
tc.
and a
t le
ast fina
lly:
•
Pag
e 4
3: E
mis
sio
n L
imits
: to
cle
an lea
ving t
he c
em
ent
kiln
requ
ires
majo
r capita
l in
vestm
ents
in tre
atm
ent eq
uip
ment.
It g
oes w
ithout
sa
ying
tha
t all
exis
ting e
mis
sio
n a
nd a
ir q
ua
lity
sta
ndard
s
would
need t
o b
e a
dhere
d t
o.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y has c
onsid
ere
d t
he c
ost
invo
lved
with
AF
R c
o-
pro
cessin
g,
and
Therm
osele
ct seem
s to w
ish f
or
a c
om
para
tive c
ost stu
dy.
T
his
falls
outs
ide th
e s
cope
of
the p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess, and is n
ot
require
d to
achie
ve th
e o
bje
ctiv
es there
of.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
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D R
ES
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NS
E R
EP
OR
T
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EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
37
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Case B
: A
s a
n a
ltern
ative to
Case A
, a w
aste
gasific
atio
n, e.g
. T
HE
RM
OS
ELE
CT
, pla
nt n
eeds t
o b
e e
valu
ate
d, ta
kin
g c
ognis
ance o
f th
e a
dvanta
ges t
hat th
is
off
ers
, nam
ely
, no
munic
ipa
l w
aste
pre
-sele
ctio
n, or
ph
ysic
al an
d c
hem
ical
testin
g, or
sourc
ing f
rom
specia
l de
positories, fo
r th
e p
rocess to m
eet
environm
enta
l sta
ndard
s. H
ospita
l and m
edic
al w
aste
s c
ould
als
o b
e tre
ate
d
but th
is w
ould
be
a s
ep
ara
te c
onsid
era
tion.
Except fo
r explo
siv
e a
nd n
ucle
ar
mate
rial,
most cate
gories o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
could
als
o b
e h
and
led in s
uch
a f
acili
ty. F
urt
herm
ore
, no landfill
dis
posa
l of
resid
ual w
aste
, or
ash o
r filter
dusts
wou
ld b
e r
equir
ed.
Such a
pla
nt
wo
uld
be a
ble
to tre
at
a f
ar
wid
er
vari
ety
of
waste
and is lik
ely
to p
rove
more
cost eff
ectiv
e t
han
the
dis
posal
of
a li
mite
d a
mount
of
waste
in a
cem
ent kiln
. T
he C
em
ent P
roducer
would
be g
ett
ing a
cle
an
gase
ous f
uel,
and t
he
cem
ent m
akin
g p
rocess it
self w
ou
ld n
ot b
e a
ffecte
d a
t all.
For
such a
case
“B”
we s
ee s
om
e f
orm
of
contr
actu
al a
rran
gem
ent betw
een t
he c
em
ent
com
pan
y and
such a
city
waste
tre
atm
ent u
nit.
W
e s
hould
lik
e to r
eitera
te o
ur
off
er
to a
ssis
t w
ith s
uch
a c
om
para
tive s
tud
y.
Mr
Ritt
ner
made a
short
pre
senta
tion r
egard
ing th
is p
roposal at th
e
sta
kehold
er
work
shop o
f 16 J
anuary
20
08,
pro
posin
g t
he p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
in a
Therm
osele
ct ga
sific
atio
n p
rocess,
with th
e r
esulta
nt gas b
ein
g
used a
s f
uel, a
nd s
lag u
se
d a
s r
aw
mate
rial (
AF
R)
in c
em
ent kiln
s.
Consid
erin
g th
at
AF
Rs c
an b
e u
se
d m
ostly
as is
in c
em
ent kiln
s, th
is ‘pre
-tr
eatm
ent’
wo
uld
be u
nnecessary
, an
d u
nlik
ely
to b
e f
easib
le c
onsid
ering
the
in
vestm
ent re
quir
ed f
or
a g
asific
atio
n p
lant,
ad
ditio
na
l m
anagem
ent
pro
cedure
s r
equir
ed,
volu
mes that ca
n b
e ‘pre
-tre
ate
d’, d
ou
ble
ha
ndlin
g e
tc.
17.
Mr
H L
ind
e, W
C D
ep
art
men
t o
f E
nvir
on
men
tal A
ffair
s &
Develo
pm
en
t P
lan
nin
g;
17/0
1/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
With
regard
to
the
work
shop o
n T
uesda
y [Provincial Stakeholder Workshop,
15/01/2008],
just a f
ew
com
ments
. W
e a
s o
ffic
ials
were
ca
lled t
o th
e w
ork
shop to d
iscuss the G
uid
elin
es f
or
the
treatm
ent of
ha
zard
ous w
aste
and
co-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
s in
cem
ent kiln
s.
The d
ocum
ents
circula
ted a
re e
xcelle
nt an
d c
learl
y in
dic
ate
tha
t D
EA
T h
as
well
researc
he
d th
e p
rocess.
When try
ing to r
ais
e d
iscussio
n o
r giv
ing c
om
ment on t
he g
uid
elin
e I
unfo
rtunate
ly g
ot th
e im
pre
ssio
n th
at th
e a
uth
or
of
the d
ocum
ent w
as n
ot
open
for
dis
cussio
n o
r an
y constr
uctiv
e c
ritic
ism
. A
t th
e m
eetin
g I t
rie
d to
expre
ss s
om
e v
iew
s t
hat
I th
ink is
import
ant a
nd t
hat shou
ld b
e d
iscussed,
but g
ot th
e im
pre
ssio
n f
rom
the a
uth
or
tha
t th
e d
ocum
ent is
cast
in s
tone.
The d
ocum
ent, o
nce a
ccep
ted a
nd p
ub
lish
ed w
ill b
eco
me the g
uid
elin
e to
be u
se
d b
y a
ll, in
dustr
y, a
uth
orities a
nd t
he c
om
munity.
This
is a
DE
AT
docum
ent and w
ill g
o a
lon
g w
ay
to p
rovi
de g
uid
ance
to the
Mu
nic
ipa
l off
icia
ls w
ho w
ill u
ltim
ate
ly b
e r
espo
nsib
le f
or
ap
pro
val in
term
s o
f A
ir
Qualit
y.
Fro
m the m
eetin
g y
ou g
ot th
e th
inkin
g b
eh
ind th
e is
su
es I r
ais
ed
. W
ithout go
ing into
exte
nsiv
e c
om
ments
on e
ach o
f th
e a
spects
I s
ug
gest
that th
e d
ocum
ent be r
evi
sited t
o s
ee in t
he c
om
ments
mys
elf a
nd o
ther
mem
bers
of
the w
ork
shop m
ade h
as m
erit. I a
m o
f th
e o
pin
ion t
hat th
e
word
ing o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e m
ust be m
ore
assert
ive t
ha
t w
hat
it is
at pre
se
nt.
Agre
ed to
an e
xte
nt.
The c
om
ments
have
be
en c
onsid
ere
d a
nd t
he g
uid
elin
e
am
ended to a
n e
xte
nt.
Ho
weve
r, d
ue
to t
he s
ite s
pecific
and t
echno
log
y aspects
associa
ted w
ith e
ach k
iln, th
e g
uid
elin
e p
rovid
es a
ge
nera
l fr
am
ew
ork
for
the d
eve
lop
ment of
site
specific
opera
tiona
l, m
anagem
ent an
d
monito
ring p
lans. T
hese p
lans w
ou
ld b
e d
eve
lop
ed b
ased o
n e
ach p
art
icu
lar
kiln
’s c
hara
cte
ristics, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc., a
nd m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e.
The p
ro-f
orm
a c
onditi
ons d
eve
loped a
s p
art
of
the p
rocess r
equires th
e
develo
pm
ent of
these p
lans, as w
ell
as a
uth
orities’ ap
pro
val t
here
of.
In t
his
w
ay,
the
pro
visio
ns o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e a
re e
nfo
rceable
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
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UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
38
OF
86
18.
Mr
B B
ow
les, eco
2 (
Lafa
rge N
PC
-CIM
PO
R);
28/0
1/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
I am
try
ing t
o g
et som
e d
ocum
enta
ry e
vid
ence b
ut
in t
he m
eantim
e s
ubm
it th
e f
ollo
win
g:
Thre
shold
of
40%
use o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
fuels
in c
em
ent kiln
s. T
here
is n
o
EU
reg
ula
tion g
overn
ing t
he a
mount of
ha
zwaste
fuels
that
a c
em
ent kiln
can u
se.
This
thre
shold
was d
evelo
ped in F
rance s
om
e y
ears
ago a
s a
com
petit
ive
limit
vis -
a -
vis
Hig
h T
em
pera
ture
Incin
era
tion, I
don
’t kno
w if
it ap
plie
s in
an
y oth
er
coun
try
in E
uro
pe. A
t th
e tim
e H
TI's
were
co
ncern
ed t
hat
the
y w
ould
lose c
om
petit
ive
ly to C
em
ent K
ilns, p
ote
ntia
lly c
ould
clo
se a
nd
the
countr
y co
uld
not in
cin
era
te a
ny
oth
er
types o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
s.
Of
cours
e it
has a
ll bee
n a
furp
hy
as g
row
th in h
aza
rdo
us w
aste
has f
ar
outs
trip
ped t
he
capacity
of
cem
ent kiln
s a
nd
HT
I's. In
fact I th
ink there
has
been
gro
wth
in H
TI capacity.
I a
m try
ing t
o f
ind o
ut
this
gro
wth
for
you.
I ta
ke
the p
oin
t th
at N
GO
's m
ay
com
pla
in t
hat
a C
K c
ould
be
com
e "
just ano
ther
incin
era
tor"
if th
e u
se o
f ha
zard
ous w
aste
is u
nre
str
icte
d.
But I
als
o s
ugg
est
that th
is is a
furp
hy
as c
em
ent kiln
s in E
uro
pe c
an b
urn
up t
o 1
00%
of
non-
ha
zard
ous w
aste
s.
Furt
herm
ore
there
are
no s
uch r
estr
ictio
ns in
the
US
A w
here
at le
ast 2
Lafa
rge k
ilns b
urn
more
tha
n 6
0%
Ha
zard
ous w
aste
. T
he g
overn
ment is
re
spond
ing
to a
n ind
ustr
y re
quest
to u
se
ha
zard
ous w
aste
s a
s f
uels
, w
hic
h
will
als
o r
ed
uce g
reenh
ouse g
as,
with
a c
om
mensura
te e
ffect on c
limate
change
an
d a
re
duction in t
he u
se o
f la
ndfills
and t
he n
eed t
o r
ep
lace t
hem
.
Note
d. T
he G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lope
d to
pro
vide a
gen
era
l fra
mew
ork
for
the d
evelo
pm
ent of
site
spe
cific
opera
tion
al,
manag
em
ent a
nd m
onito
ring
pla
ns. T
hese p
lans w
ould
be d
eve
lop
ed b
ased
on e
ach
part
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
an
d m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e.
Only
waste
with a
ca
lorific v
alu
e o
r a m
ate
ria
l valu
e w
ill b
e c
onsid
ere
d f
or
co-
pro
cessin
g in c
em
ent kiln
s.
A
s a
bo
ve.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
39
OF
86
19.
Mr
E O
tterm
an
, A
sso
cia
tio
n o
f C
em
en
titi
ou
s M
ate
rial
Pro
du
cers
(A
CM
P);
07/0
3/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comment on draft Guideline for Treatm
ent of Hazardous W
astes and Co-
processing of AFRs in Cement Kilns (SINTEF, 07/01/2008), and draft
Proposed Air Emission Standards for Treatm
ent of Hazardous W
aste &
AFR Co-processing in Cement Kilns (ESA, 14/01/2008):
The A
CM
P a
ppre
cia
tes th
e o
pp
ort
un
ity
to p
ro-a
ctive
ly p
art
icip
ate
in th
e
Polic
y D
eve
lopm
ent P
rocess f
or
the H
igh T
em
pera
ture
Tre
atm
ent of W
aste
and A
ltern
ative
Fu
els
in C
em
ent K
ilns.
In t
he s
pirit o
f co
nstr
uctive
enga
gem
ent
we h
ere
by
su
bm
it our
com
ments
on the
follo
win
g d
ocum
ents
–
- P
ropose
d A
ir E
mis
sio
n S
tandard
s F
or
Tre
atm
ent O
f H
aza
rdous W
aste
&
AF
R C
o-P
rocessin
g In C
em
ent K
ilns
- G
uid
elin
es f
or
the T
reatm
ent of
Ha
zard
ous W
aste
and C
o-P
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
in C
em
ent K
ilns.
Our
com
ments
on the t
wo d
ocum
ents
are
deta
iled
se
para
tely
in th
e p
ages
follo
win
g t
his
co
ver.
Ple
ase
be a
ssure
d o
f our
contin
uo
us s
upport
in t
he
develo
pm
ent of
this
polic
y.
Note
d.
Pro
po
sed
Air
Em
issio
n S
tan
dard
s f
or
Tre
atm
en
t O
f H
azard
ou
s W
aste
&
AF
R C
o-P
roce
ssin
g In
Cem
en
t K
iln
s
Section 2
.1.1
W
e a
gre
e w
ith th
e inte
ntion
to f
orm
aliz
e t
hese e
mis
sio
ns s
tandard
s in t
erm
s
of
S21 o
f th
e N
EM
AQ
A,
but
urg
e t
hat th
e inte
gra
tion
of
these s
tandard
s into
N
EM
AQ
A,
wh
ich is
exp
ecte
d to t
ake a
noth
er
12
to 1
8 m
onth
s, does n
ot
dela
y th
e c
om
ple
tion
of
the r
evi
ew
of
the
EIA
s s
ubm
itte
d b
y th
e A
CM
P
mem
ber
com
panie
s w
ith r
egard
to
the
use o
f a
ltern
ative f
uels
.
Althou
gh t
he s
ett
ing o
f air e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s w
ould
be f
orm
alis
ed t
hro
ug
h
the n
ationa
l pro
cess in
term
s o
f S
21 o
f th
e N
EM
AQ
A,
and a
re a
ccord
ing
ly
subje
ct to
th
e t
imefr
am
es o
f th
is p
rocess, it
is n
ot
expe
cte
d to d
ela
y pro
cessin
g o
f E
IA a
pp
lica
tions, as th
e a
ct re
qu
ires the
consid
era
tion o
f a
ll exis
ting p
olic
ies e
tc.
in t
he issue o
f A
ir E
mis
sio
n L
icences in
term
s o
f th
e a
ct.
Accord
ingly
, o
nce th
e p
olic
y o
n th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
s in
cem
ent kiln
s
has b
een f
ina
lise
d,
whic
h w
ould
req
uire c
om
plia
nce w
ith the
sta
nd
ard
s s
et
thro
ug
h th
e p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess, th
e r
ele
vant
pro
vis
ions o
f th
e p
olic
y,
part
icu
larl
y th
e e
mis
sio
n s
tandard
s s
et in
term
s there
of,
wou
ld b
e w
ritte
n into
th
e R
egis
tratio
n C
ert
ific
ate
s / A
ir E
mis
sio
n L
ice
nces (
as the c
ase m
ay
be)
for
co-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
s.
Section 2
.1.2
W
e a
gre
e w
ith y
our
opin
ion
with
regard
s t
o th
e a
pplic
abili
ty o
f S
ectio
ns 2
6
and 2
7 o
f N
EM
AQ
A t
o a
ltern
ative
fuels
.
Note
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
40
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Section 4
.2 -
Pro
pose
d E
mis
sio
n S
tand
ard
s
The d
ocum
ent pro
posin
g t
he e
mis
sio
ns s
tandard
s in
dic
ate
s that
the
depart
ment has c
hosen t
o d
evia
te f
rom
the E
U W
aste
Incin
era
tion D
irective
b
y com
bin
ing e
mis
sio
ns s
tandard
s f
or
Cadm
ium
(C
d),
Thalli
um
(T
I) a
nd
Merc
ury
(H
g)
as f
ollo
ws:
EM
ISS
ION
S
PR
OP
OS
ED
AIR
EM
ISS
ION
S
TA
ND
AR
D (
HT
TT
PO
LIC
Y)
Cd+
Tl+
Hg
0.0
5 m
g/N
m3 a
t norm
alis
ed c
onditio
ns
EM
ISS
ION
S
AIR
EM
ISS
ION
ST
AN
DA
RD
(E
U D
irective 2
000
/76
EC
) H
g
0.0
5 m
g/N
m3 a
t norm
alis
ed c
onditio
ns
Cd+
Tl
0.0
5 m
g/N
m3 a
t norm
alis
ed c
onditio
ns
The s
tandard
s p
roposed
by
the d
ep
art
ment w
ould
eff
ectiv
ely
be
thre
e tim
es
str
icte
r on m
erc
ury
than
the
sta
ndard
s p
rescribed
by
the E
U D
irective
2000
/76
EC
. T
he A
CM
P b
elie
ves th
at th
e d
epart
ment shou
ld s
ep
ara
te the
em
issio
n s
tandard
s f
or
Hg a
nd T
I +
Cd a
s is in
dic
ate
d in t
he s
tandard
s o
f th
e
EU
Directive
200
0/7
6E
C.
The p
roposed e
mis
sio
n s
tandard
s h
ave b
een r
evis
ed a
s p
ropose
d to
reflect
the E
U D
irective
200
0/7
6E
C r
equ
irem
ents
for
Cd, T
l and H
g.
Furt
herm
ore
, th
e d
epart
ment has c
hosen t
o d
evia
te f
rom
the E
U D
irective
w
ith r
egard
to t
he o
ther
meta
l em
issio
ns m
onito
red b
y add
ing B
ari
um
(B
a),
B
ery
llium
(B
e),
Silv
er
(Ag)
and T
in (
Sn)
as f
ollo
ws:
EM
ISS
ION
S
PR
OP
OS
ED
AIR
EM
ISS
ION
S
TA
ND
AR
D (
HT
TT
PO
LIC
Y)
Cr,
Be,A
s,S
b,B
a,P
b,A
g,C
o,C
u,M
n,
Sn,V
,Ni (
Sum
tota
l)
0.5
mg/N
m3 a
t norm
alis
ed c
onditio
ns
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P d
o n
ot u
nders
tand t
he r
easonin
g b
eh
ind t
he
inclu
sio
n o
f th
ese m
eta
ls, a
dditio
nal to
the m
eta
ls lis
ted in
the
EU
Directive
2000
/76
EC
, se
en b
elo
w:
EM
ISS
ION
S
PR
OP
OS
ED
AIR
EM
ISS
ION
S
TA
ND
AR
D (
HT
TT
PO
LIC
Y)
Cr,
As,S
b,P
b,C
o,C
u,M
n,V
,Ni (
Sum
to
tal)
0.5
mg/N
m3 a
t norm
alis
ed c
onditio
ns
The A
CM
P a
lso n
ote
s th
at
none
of
the r
egu
lato
ry d
ocu
ments
revi
ew
ed f
or
this
docum
ent, e
xcept fo
r th
e p
rocess 3
9 s
tan
dard
s, u
se the c
olle
ctio
n o
f m
eta
ls a
s c
hosen b
y th
e d
epart
ment. T
he c
hoic
e o
f th
ese s
tandard
s w
ou
ld
make the S
outh
Afr
ican s
tandard
s th
e s
tric
test
in t
he w
orld.
Altho
ugh w
e
support
the im
pro
vem
ent of en
viro
nm
enta
l em
issio
ns s
tand
ard
s in
So
uth
A
fric
a,
we b
elie
ve t
here
sh
ould
be
a v
ery
go
od t
echn
ical r
easo
n to
pro
pose
the s
tric
test sta
ndard
s in
th
e w
orl
d f
or
an a
ctivity
that h
as y
et
to b
e
develo
pe
d in th
is c
oun
try.
We p
ropose that
the d
epart
ment use the lim
its f
or
these m
eta
ls a
s d
escribed in the
EU
Directive 2
000/7
6E
C.
The p
roposed e
mis
sio
n s
tandard
s h
ave b
een r
evis
ed a
s p
ropose
d to
reflect
the E
U D
irective
200
0/7
6E
C r
equ
irem
ents
for
Cr,
As, S
b,
Pb,
Co,
Cu,
Mn,
V
and N
i.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
41
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Section 4
.3
Som
e o
f th
e m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P h
ave
exis
ting b
aselin
e m
easure
ments
th
at co
ver
the e
mis
sio
ns s
tandard
s a
s p
rop
osed b
y th
e A
CM
P in t
his
docum
ent. T
he A
CM
P p
rop
oses that
these m
em
bers
may
ap
ply
for
exem
ptio
n f
rom
additio
nal baselin
e testing.
Exis
ting b
aselin
e m
easure
ments
could
in s
om
e c
ases
be a
ccep
tab
le s
ubje
ct
to th
e a
ge th
ere
of
an
d s
pecific
ally
the a
bili
ty t
o illu
str
ate
tha
t th
ese
measure
ments
are
repre
se
nta
tive o
f curr
ent o
pera
tion
s, th
at acce
pta
ble
m
easure
ment m
eth
odo
log
ies w
ere
follo
we
d, e
tc. H
ow
ever,
very
lim
ited
insta
nces e
xis
t of
em
issio
ns f
rom
kiln
s r
ecently
ha
ving
bee
n m
onito
red f
or
the f
ull
rang
e o
f em
issio
ns a
s p
er
the n
ew
pro
posed
sta
ndard
. C
om
ple
te, up
to
da
te m
onito
ring r
esu
lts w
ould
be
critic
al i
n c
ases w
here
tra
nsitio
na
l perio
ds r
ela
ted t
o p
art
icu
late
an
d N
Ox w
ou
ld a
pp
ly a
s p
ropose
d.
S
ection 4
.3
Maximum waste AFR feed rate, e.g. 40% (if more than 40%. EC standards
for incineration of waste apply).
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P d
id s
om
e r
esearc
h o
n th
e o
rigin
of
this
lim
it.
Althou
gh a
n E
U r
eg
ula
tion,
it h
as n
o t
echn
ical or
en
viro
nm
enta
l merit or
issue a
nd in f
act
was intr
od
uced s
om
e y
ears
ag
o b
y F
rance a
s a
no
n-
com
petit
ive m
easure
due t
o p
ressure
fro
m H
igh T
em
pera
ture
Incin
era
tors
, w
ho a
rgue
d th
ey
wou
ld lose b
usin
ess a
s th
e u
se o
f altern
ative
fuels
in
cem
ent kiln
s g
rew
. T
his
did
not
occur
and in f
act is
not
the s
ituation
in S
outh
A
fric
a. T
he A
CM
P r
ecom
mends th
at th
is p
rovis
ion
be r
em
ove
d.
Note
d. T
he p
erc
enta
ge
rep
lacem
ent of
virg
in f
uels
or
raw
mate
rials
with
AF
R
should
be
imm
ate
rial p
rovid
ed e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s a
re c
om
plie
d w
ith.
Althou
gh c
ert
ain
lim
itations d
o e
xis
t in
term
s o
f substit
utio
n f
ractio
ns, h
igh
er
AF
R u
se w
ou
ld incre
ase t
he p
ositiv
e im
pact of
savi
ng
more
virgin
fossil
fue
l and r
aw
mate
rial m
inera
ls.
A k
iln a
ch
ievi
ng a
th
eore
tical s
ubstitu
tio
n o
f 100
%
would
still
not
be c
onsid
ere
d a
n incin
era
tor
as it
pri
ncip
ally
rem
ain
s a
pro
duct
manufa
ctu
ring p
rocess. It a
lso s
eem
s a
s if
the E
U D
ire
ctiv
e r
efe
rs to 4
0%
heat re
lease c
om
ing f
rom
AF
R, ra
ther
than
the
perc
en
tage s
ubstit
utio
n.
Note
that
the G
uid
elin
e h
as b
ee
n d
eve
loped t
o p
rovid
e a
ge
nera
l fra
mew
ork
fo
r th
e d
eve
lopm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tio
nal, m
anag
em
ent and m
onito
ring
pla
ns. T
hese p
lans w
ould
be d
eve
lop
ed b
ased
on e
ach
part
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
an
d m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e.
G
uid
elin
es f
or
Tre
atm
en
t O
f H
azard
ou
s w
aste
an
d c
o-p
roces
sin
g o
f A
FR
in
cem
en
t kiln
s -
General Comments applicable to Guidelines:
The g
uid
elin
es,
althou
gh a
hyb
rid o
f in
tern
ationa
l g
uid
elin
es, can
not
be
app
lied o
n it
's o
wn t
o a
ny
co-p
rocessin
g a
ctivi
ty in a
ny
cem
ent kiln
in S
outh
A
fric
a a
s it
does n
ot re
fer
to S
ou
th A
fric
an c
ond
itio
ns,
legis
lation o
r S
outh
A
fric
an s
tand
ard
s.
If it
is the
inte
ntio
n o
f th
e d
epart
ment to
pu
blis
h a
gu
ide
line f
or
the tre
atm
ent
of
ha
zard
ous w
aste
and c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
in c
em
ent kiln
s th
is d
ocum
ent
must be m
uch m
ore
specific
in it's
guid
ance to t
he c
em
ent pla
nt
opera
tor
with
re
gard
to t
he h
and
ling,
sto
rage a
nd c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
.
The f
ollo
win
g c
om
ments
and r
ecom
mendatio
ns b
y th
e A
CM
P r
efe
r:
Note
d. It is h
ow
ever
the p
urp
ose o
f th
e p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess to s
et
the n
ecessary
con
ditio
ns, sta
nd
ard
s e
tc. D
ue t
o th
e s
ite s
pecific
an
d
techno
log
y aspects
associa
ted w
ith e
ach k
iln,
the
gu
idelin
e p
rovid
es a
genera
l fra
mew
ork
for
the d
eve
lopm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tio
nal,
managem
ent and m
onito
rin
g p
lans. T
hese p
lans w
ou
ld b
e d
evelo
pe
d b
ased
on e
ach p
art
icula
r kiln
’s c
hara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
and m
ay
there
fore
requ
ire d
eta
iled m
otiv
ation o
n a
sp
ects
wh
ich m
ay
ha
ve t
o
be d
iffe
rent fr
om
the p
ara
mete
rs p
rop
osed in t
he g
uid
elin
e.
The p
ro-f
orm
a c
onditi
ons d
eve
loped a
s p
art
of
the p
rocess r
equires th
e
develo
pm
ent of
these p
lans, as w
ell
as a
uth
orities’ ap
pro
val t
here
of.
In t
his
w
ay,
the
pro
visio
ns o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e a
re e
nfo
rceable
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
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T O
F E
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IRO
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L A
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UR
ISM
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EM
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GE
42
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Split
the g
uid
elin
es to a
llow
separa
te g
uid
elin
es f
or
pre
-pro
cessin
g o
f A
FR
at
the p
ro-p
rocessin
g c
entr
e a
nd c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
at
the c
em
ent kiln
.
There
needs t
o b
e a
cle
ar
sectio
nal diffe
rence b
etw
ee
n the g
uid
elin
es f
or
the
pre
-pro
cessin
g o
f w
aste
for
AF
R a
nd t
he a
ctu
al c
o-p
rocessin
g a
ctivity.
The
requirem
ents
an
d p
roce
dure
s f
or
these t
wo a
ctivi
ties a
re v
ery
diffe
rent and,
alth
oug
h th
ere
are
a f
ew
co
mm
onalit
ies w
ith r
egard
to t
he h
and
ling, th
ere
needs t
o b
e m
ore
focus o
n the a
ctu
al use o
f th
e A
FR
at th
e k
iln f
or
the c
o-
pro
cessin
g s
ection a
s m
ost of
the h
and
ling is d
on
e a
uto
matic
ally
by
mechanic
al o
r p
neum
atic
tra
nsport
equ
ipm
ent. If
well
desig
ned,
hum
an
inte
ractio
n w
ith A
FR
at
the
cem
ent pla
nt
will
be m
inim
al,
if n
on-e
xis
tent.
In c
ontr
ast, m
ost of
the h
an
dlin
g a
t a p
re-p
rocessin
g c
entr
e is d
on
e e
ither
manually
of
with m
echanic
al h
and
ling e
qu
ipm
ent lik
e c
ranes a
nd lo
aders
. H
um
an in
tera
ction a
nd r
isk o
f exposure
duri
ng t
he p
re-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
is
hig
her.
The g
uid
elin
e p
rovi
des g
en
era
l pro
vis
ions f
or
all
possib
le o
pera
tions th
at
may
form
part
of
co-p
rocessin
g. D
eta
iled o
pera
tio
na
l, m
anagem
ent and
monito
ring p
lans w
ill h
ave
to b
e d
eve
lop
ed w
ithin
this
fra
mew
ork
as
appro
priate
for
each s
pecific
site
an
d k
iln.
DE
AT
to p
rovid
e f
ram
ew
ork
for
guid
elin
es a
nd A
CM
P t
o d
eve
lop g
uid
elin
es
The A
CM
P m
em
bers
are
of th
e o
pin
ion t
hat th
ese g
uid
elin
es s
ho
uld
be a
set
of
docum
ents
that can b
e u
sed b
y cem
ent pla
nt o
pera
tors
as a
refe
rence
and g
uid
elin
e f
or
the s
afe
and lega
l co-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
. T
o a
chie
ve t
his
purp
ose t
he g
uid
elin
es w
ill h
ave to
be w
ritte
n s
pecific
ally
for
So
uth
Afr
ican
conditio
ns.
The d
eve
lopm
ent of
these s
pecific
guid
elin
es w
ill b
e a
sig
nific
ant
undert
akin
g a
nd w
ill d
ela
y th
e c
om
ple
tion o
f th
e p
olic
y fo
r 6 m
onth
s o
r m
ore
. T
hus the A
CM
P p
rop
oses t
hat D
EA
T p
ub
lish a
fra
mew
ork
for
the
develo
pm
ent of
the g
uid
elin
es a
s p
art
of
the p
olic
y a
nd t
hat th
e c
em
ent
ind
ustr
y b
e r
eq
ueste
d b
y D
EA
T to d
evelo
p th
e g
uid
elin
es. T
hese w
ill th
en b
e
develo
pe
d a
nd p
ub
lishe
d b
y th
e A
CM
P a
fter
the p
olic
y has b
een a
do
pte
d b
y th
e c
ab
inet a
nd w
ill b
e v
erified b
y an e
xpert
app
oin
ted b
y D
EA
T.
The g
uid
elin
e w
ou
ld b
e g
azetted
as a
so-c
alle
d ‘s
ecto
r guid
elin
e’ in
term
s o
f th
e E
IA R
eg
ula
tions. F
urt
herm
ore
, th
e p
ro-f
orm
a c
onditi
ons o
f auth
orisatio
n
develo
pe
d a
s p
art
of
the p
roje
ct re
qu
ires the d
eve
lop
ment of
these s
ite
specific
pla
ns in
term
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e,
as w
ell
as a
uth
orities’ a
ppro
val
there
of.
In t
his
wa
y, th
e p
rovi
sio
ns o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e a
re e
nfo
rceable
.
Gu
idelin
es f
or
Tre
atm
en
t O
f H
azard
ou
s w
aste
an
d c
o-p
roces
sin
g o
f A
FR
in
cem
en
t kiln
s -
Comments on specific sections of the Guidelines:
Section 1
.4
Althou
gh t
he r
equir
em
ents
and p
re-r
equ
isite
s m
entio
ned in 1
.4 a
re a
ll app
licab
le t
o t
he s
uccessfu
l co-p
rocessin
g o
f a
ltern
ative f
uels
, th
ey
are
too
vag
ue a
nd if
inclu
de
d in a
guid
elin
e,
shou
ld b
e m
uch m
ore
specific
with
regard
to th
e tech
nic
al r
efe
rence to
be u
sed.
1 A
n a
ppro
ved
EIA
and a
ll necessary
nation
al and local lic
enses
The r
eport
do
es n
ot
make c
lear
whic
h loca
l and n
ation
al lic
enses a
re
need
ed.
As th
e d
epart
ment is
makin
g d
rastic
cha
nges t
o legis
lation a
ffectin
g
the c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
in c
em
ent kiln
s, th
e r
eq
uire
d lic
enses m
ust be
specifie
d in t
he g
uid
elin
es t
o g
ive
the
cem
ent in
dustr
y guid
ance o
n t
he le
gal
pro
cesses to b
e f
ollo
wed.
The g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een
sig
nific
antly
am
ended t
o a
dd
ress this
an
d o
ther
issues a
s a
ppro
pri
ate
. T
he r
equire
d a
ppro
vals
, sta
ndard
s e
tc. co
uld
be inclu
ded, b
ut
law
refo
rm is
a
contin
uous p
rocess a
nd t
he
ind
ustr
y h
as a
duty
to k
eep
abre
ast
of
changes
in leg
isla
tio
n n
ow
and in f
utu
re.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
43
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
4 A
ppro
ved location, te
ch
nic
al in
frastr
uctu
re a
nd p
rocessin
g e
quip
ment
The A
CM
P is
not cle
ar
abo
ut
wh
at is
meant b
y a
n a
pp
rove
d lo
cation. W
ho
will
con
duct th
e a
ppro
vals
and w
hat
techn
ical r
efe
rences w
ill b
e u
se
d f
or
the
appro
val p
rocess?
The E
IAs c
on
ducte
d f
or
the
co-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
s w
ould
inclu
de
com
ponents
associa
ted w
ith lo
ca
lity,
techn
olo
gy
etc
. a
s p
art
of
dete
rmin
ing
sig
nific
ance
of
pote
ntial en
viro
nm
enta
l im
pacts
. It is
accepte
d t
hat
all
the
curr
ent ap
plic
ations a
re f
or
exis
ting p
lants
, th
e loca
lity
of
wh
ich is
not
in
question. W
hat is
evalu
ate
d tho
ugh
is th
e s
uitab
ility
of
the s
ite (
localit
y) a
nd
pla
nt fo
r accepting a
nd p
rocessin
g A
FR
, in
ad
ditio
n to c
em
ent pro
ductio
n.
6 A
deq
uate
air p
ollu
tion c
ontr
ol
It is
not cle
ar
wha
t is
meant
by
ade
qua
te. W
hat te
chnic
al r
efe
rences w
ill b
e
used to
dete
rmin
e a
de
qua
te?
The s
am
e c
om
ment is
tru
e f
or
11, 14,
13,
16,
17,
19 a
nd 2
0
Due t
o d
iffe
rent kiln
techno
logie
s a
nd
em
issio
n a
ba
tem
ent a
ltern
atives, th
e
guid
elin
e is
not pre
scriptive
in t
erm
s o
f part
icula
r te
chn
olo
gy
to b
e a
pplie
d.
Rath
er,
the e
quip
ment’s
abili
ty t
o c
om
ply
with
air e
mis
sio
n s
tand
ard
s w
ou
ld
dete
rmin
e th
e a
deq
uacy
there
of.
The s
am
e a
pp
lies t
o o
ther
pro
vis
ions –
th
e
adeq
uacy
there
of
wou
ld b
e e
valu
ate
d in term
s o
f com
plia
nce w
ith s
et
sta
ndard
s a
nd c
ond
itions.
7 E
xit
Gas c
on
ditio
nin
g/c
oolin
g a
nd t
em
pera
ture
s o
f <
200 º
C in t
he a
ir
pollu
tion
contr
ol d
evic
e (
AP
CD
) A
lthou
gh t
he A
CM
P r
eco
gn
ise th
at A
PC
D in
let
tem
pera
ture
s o
f abo
ve 2
00°C
can le
ad t
o a
n incre
ase in t
he r
isk o
f dio
xin
form
atio
n,
we b
elie
ve th
at h
avin
g
this
as a
pre
-req
uis
ite to
th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
is e
xcessiv
e.
Avoid
ing th
e tem
pera
ture
range
where
th
e r
isk o
f dio
xin
an
d f
ura
n f
orm
atio
n
are
know
n to incre
ase is o
ne o
f a n
um
ber
of
contr
ol te
chniq
ues n
ecessary
to
ensure
th
e s
ignific
ance
of
these p
ote
ntia
l em
issio
ns a
re r
educe
d to
accepta
ble
le
vels
.
18 G
as C
oo
ling
We r
ecom
mend that,
if a
ce
ment kiln
do
es n
ot
ha
ve e
xit g
as c
oo
ling a
nd
does h
ave a
n A
PC
D in
let te
mpera
ture
of
abo
ve 2
00
°C, th
e d
ioxin
em
issio
ns
should
be
measure
d to d
ete
rmin
e if
the e
mis
sio
ns s
tandard
s r
eq
uire
d b
y th
e
polic
y ca
n b
e m
ain
tain
ed.
If that
is th
e c
ase th
en t
he c
em
ent opera
tion
should
be
allo
wed t
o c
o-p
rocess A
FR
.
The im
port
ance o
f te
mpera
ture
contr
ol r
em
ain
s a
ke
y consid
era
tion (
see
abo
ve).
Section 2
.4 -
Tra
inin
g
This
sectio
n in th
e r
ep
ort
mentions r
eq
uirem
ents
for
pre
-pro
cessin
g,
but
noth
ing
ab
out th
e a
ctu
al c
o-p
rocessin
g.
Tra
inin
g r
equ
irem
ents
must be c
learl
y sp
lit b
etw
een
th
e tra
inin
g r
eq
uire
d f
or
pre
-pro
cessin
g a
nd
the
tra
inin
g r
eq
uired
for
co-p
rocessin
g.
Tra
inin
g f
or
Occupation
al H
ealth &
Safe
ty s
ho
uld
als
o b
e m
andato
ry a
nd
inclu
de s
uch ite
ms a
s h
and
ling o
f w
aste
s, m
anua
l op
enin
g o
f dru
ms, drivi
ng
of
fork
lift
and o
ther
mova
ble
vehic
les, e
ye w
ashin
g,
ho
usekeepin
g,
safe
ty
clo
thin
g &
equ
ipm
ent, w
et
& d
ry r
oom
s e
tc.
The g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een
sig
nific
antly
am
ended t
o a
dd
ress this
an
d o
ther
issues a
s a
ppro
pri
ate
.
Section 2
.5 -
Waste
Accepta
nce
The d
ocum
ent only
sug
gests
what sh
ould
happ
en in g
enera
l term
s.
A s
pecific
waste
accepta
nce g
uid
elin
e is s
ugg
este
d,
as p
ublis
he
d b
y th
e
GT
Z G
uid
elin
es a
nd v
ari
ou
s o
ther
EU
bodie
s. A
cle
ar
guid
elin
e is
nee
ded o
n
ho
w t
o d
eve
lop a
waste
accepta
nce p
roced
ure
, keepin
g S
outh
Afr
ican
leg
isla
tio
n a
nd s
tandard
s in
min
d.
Note
d. T
he G
uid
elin
e d
ocu
ment giv
es g
en
era
l gu
ida
nce,
wh
ile s
pecific
waste
hand
ling p
rocedure
s a
re to
be d
evelo
ped
by
the c
em
ent com
pan
y.
Section 2
.6 -
Tra
nsport
T
he g
uid
elin
e m
ust be s
pecific
to e
nsure
tha
t th
e o
pera
tor
know
s w
hat th
e
leg
isla
tive
re
quir
em
ents
are
.
Each c
om
pan
y is
req
uire
d t
o c
om
ply
with a
ll ap
plic
able
leg
isla
tive
re
quirem
ents
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
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PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
44
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Section 3
.1 -
Pre
-accepta
nce
The d
ocum
ent om
its that to
lera
nce lim
its that ne
ed t
o b
e d
eve
lop
ed f
or
inp
uts
into
each c
em
ent kiln
. F
or
exam
ple
a c
ert
ain
ce
ment kiln
ma
y ha
ve
the p
ote
ntial f
or
a h
igher
Chlo
rine in
put th
an
an
oth
er.
These in
put
limits
are
a c
ritic
al p
art
of
the p
re-a
ccepta
nce p
roce
dure
for
a c
em
ent kiln
.
There
are
pre
-accepta
nce d
ecis
ion f
low
chart
s a
vaila
ble
in in
tern
atio
na
l lit
era
ture
that
can b
e inclu
ded in th
e g
uid
elin
e to g
uid
e c
em
ent pla
nt
opera
tors
in t
he d
eve
lopm
ent of
the
ir o
wn
accepta
nce p
rocedure
s.
Aga
in t
his
section is n
ot sp
ecific
enou
gh a
nd d
oes n
ot
diffe
rentia
te c
learl
y betw
een r
equ
irem
ents
for
the p
re-p
rocessin
g w
aste
into
AF
R a
nd
co-
pro
cessin
g o
f A
FR
in c
em
ent kiln
s.
Tole
rance levels
are
to b
e w
ork
ed o
ut b
y th
e c
em
ent com
pan
y an
d a
gre
ed
to
by
auth
ori
ties.
Section 3
.2 -
Colle
ction a
nd
Tra
nsport
S
outh
Afr
ica h
as d
eta
iled a
nd s
pecific
sta
ndard
s a
nd legis
lation g
ove
rnin
g
the h
and
ling a
nd t
ransport
atio
n o
f dan
gero
us g
oo
ds.
These s
ho
uld
be
refe
renced d
uri
ng t
he d
eve
lopm
ent of
this
sectio
n.
Aga
in t
his
section c
anno
t b
e u
sed b
y th
e c
em
ent pla
nt
opera
tor
as it is
too
genera
l.
The g
uid
elin
es h
ave
bee
n a
mended to s
om
e e
xte
nt,
but no
te t
hat
law
refo
rm
is a
contin
uous p
rocess a
nd the
industr
y has a
duty
to
keep a
bre
ast
of
changes in leg
isla
tion n
ow
and in f
utu
re.
Section 3
.4 -
Sam
plin
g a
nd
Checkin
g
A d
eta
iled m
anual m
ust be d
evelo
pe
d f
or
the s
am
plin
g a
nd c
heckin
g o
f th
e
incom
ing w
aste
. G
en
era
l d
escriptio
ns a
re n
ot suff
icie
nt.
A c
lear
indic
atio
n s
ho
uld
be
giv
en
, ta
kin
g S
outh
Afr
ican
leg
isla
tion into
account, w
hen
the
ow
ners
hip
of
the w
aste
revert
s to t
he c
em
ent pla
nt
opera
tor.
The g
uid
elin
e m
akes p
rovi
sio
ns f
or
sam
plin
g,
while
the
cem
ent com
pan
y w
ill
be r
eq
uire
d to p
rep
are
a s
pecific
sam
plin
g a
nd c
heckin
g r
egim
e.
Section 3
.7 -
Sto
raqe
South
Afr
ica h
as d
eta
iled a
nd s
pecific
sta
ndard
s a
nd legis
lation g
ove
rnin
g
the s
tora
ge o
f da
ng
ero
us g
oods. T
hese s
ho
uld
be r
efe
renced d
urin
g th
e
develo
pm
ent of
this
section
.
Aga
in t
his
section c
anno
t b
e u
sed b
y th
e c
em
ent pla
nt
opera
tor
as it is
too
genera
l.
The g
uid
elin
es h
ave
bee
n a
mended to s
om
e e
xte
nt
as a
ppro
pri
ate
, bu
t no
te
that
law
refo
rm is
a c
ontinu
ous p
rocess a
nd th
e industr
y has a
duty
to k
eep
abre
ast of
cha
nges in leg
isla
tion n
ow
and in f
utu
re.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
45
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Section 3
.7.1
T
o d
efine m
axim
um
sto
rage tim
es f
or
AF
R a
t th
e c
em
ent p
lant is
in
appro
pri
ate
, bu
t very
appro
priate
for
a p
re-p
rocessin
g p
lant.
Cem
ent P
lants
can h
ave
schedu
led o
r n
on-s
ched
ule
d d
ow
ntim
es la
stin
g u
p
to f
our
weeks, depe
nd
ing o
n the
natu
re o
f th
e w
ork
to b
e d
one.
Als
o th
e
sto
rage s
yste
ms a
t cem
ent pla
nt are
we
ll desig
ned
to h
and
le a
cert
ain
am
ount of m
ate
rial f
or
a lon
g tim
e.
To s
cie
ntif
ically
dete
rmin
e s
tora
ge t
imes f
or
haza
rdou
s w
aste
wo
uld
requ
ire
that th
e h
aza
rd r
atin
g p
art
icula
rly
flam
mabili
ty f
or
each b
atc
h b
e d
ete
rmin
ed.
Norm
ally
sto
rage t
ime li
mits
or
volu
me li
mits
are
ap
plie
d to w
aste
genera
tors
. T
his
is to a
void
the r
isk o
f conta
min
atio
n &
pollu
tio
n f
rom
ruste
d
and d
am
aged d
rum
s a
nd p
ackagin
g, fo
r th
e w
aste
gen
era
tor
to a
void
appro
priate
dis
posa
l, a
nd g
ives the a
uth
ority
co
ntr
ol of
the g
enera
tors
sto
rage f
acili
ty.
The A
CM
P m
em
bers
recom
mend that:
- S
tora
ge t
imes a
t cem
ent pla
ns f
or
AF
R n
ot
be lim
ited w
ith r
eg
ard
to
tim
e, if
the d
esig
n o
f th
e s
tora
ge
sys
tem
s c
om
plie
s to S
outh
Afr
ican s
tand
ard
s a
nd
rele
vant
gu
idelin
es, to
be d
eve
loped in t
his
gu
ide
line.
-
Maxim
um
sto
rage tim
es b
e d
efin
ed f
or
pre
-pro
cessin
g p
lants
, usin
g
inte
rnation
al benchm
ark
s for
well
kno
wn p
re-p
rocessin
g f
acili
ties li
ke
Scorib
el.
This
matter
was d
iscussed a
t th
e P
rovin
cia
l meetin
g a
nd a
decis
ion t
aken
that th
e t
imefr
am
es s
hould
rem
ain
.
Section 3
.8 -
Input
Contr
ol
Aga
in t
he g
uid
elin
es f
or
Inp
ut contr
ol n
eed
to b
e s
ep
ara
te f
or
the p
re-
pro
cessin
g o
f w
aste
into
AF
R a
nd t
he c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
in c
em
ent kiln
s.
.. .i.e. the m
ain burner or the secondary burner in the precalciner/preheater
will ensure temperature >900°C
S
tric
t te
mpera
ture
lim
its (
for
exam
ple
900
°C)
sho
uld
be
avoid
ed,
as
tem
pera
ture
s b
elo
w t
his
level m
ay
be s
uff
icie
nt
to c
om
bust cert
ain
waste
m
ate
rials
, especia
lly n
on-h
aza
rdous w
aste
s.
Note
d, th
e g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een a
mended
to a
n e
xte
nt.
The g
uid
elin
e p
rovi
des
genera
l pro
vis
ions f
or
all
po
ssib
le o
pera
tions tha
t m
ay
form
part
of
co-
pro
cessin
g.
Deta
iled o
pera
tion
al,
manag
em
ent and m
onito
ring p
lans w
ill
have to
be d
eve
lop
ed w
ithin
th
is f
ram
ew
ork
as a
ppro
priate
for
each
specific
site
and k
iln.
The tem
pera
ture
stip
ula
tio
n is
in lin
e w
ith inte
rnationa
l re
quirem
ents
rela
ted
the m
inim
um
tem
pera
ture
requ
ired t
o e
nsure
destr
uction o
f vola
tile
org
an
ics,
and g
oes f
or
ge
nera
l an
d h
aza
rdous w
aste
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
46
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Alternative Raw m
aterials with volatile organic components should not be
introduced with other raw m
aterials .....
Mineral inorganic waste materials, free of organic compounds, may be
added to the raw m
eal .....
Altern
ative R
aw
Mate
rials
, conta
inin
g o
rgan
ics, m
ay
be a
sourc
e o
f V
OC
or
TO
C e
mis
sio
ns b
ut a r
equ
irem
ent of
no o
rgan
ics le
ads to b
oth
ana
lytica
l &
thre
shold
measure
ment is
sues. A
lso th
ere
are
cem
ent pla
nt o
pera
tors
with
org
an
ic f
ractio
ns e
mbedde
d in
the
lim
esto
ne a
t th
e p
lant. T
his
pro
visio
n
would
exclu
de t
hat
op
era
tio
n f
rom
makin
g a
ny
furt
her
cem
ent and th
is c
ause
to s
hut
do
wn.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends r
ath
er
specifyi
ng
a lim
it of
org
anic
con
tent
to b
e
allo
we
d in a
ltern
ative
ra
w m
ate
rials
. If
alte
rnative
ra
w m
ate
rials
are
to b
e
adde
d to
the
ra
w m
ill, th
e r
equ
ired t
estin
g f
or
dio
xin
em
issio
ns s
hou
ld t
ake
pla
ce.
If the o
rgan
ics in
the a
ltern
ative r
aw
mate
ria
l are
in t
he g
raph
itic
form
(f
or
exam
ple
fly
ash a
nd
bo
iler
ash),
th
en t
he r
isk o
f V
OC
/TO
C a
nd d
ioxin
em
issio
ns is
oft
en in
sig
nific
ant. T
his
th
en b
ecom
es c
ohere
nt
with 3
.8.1
b.
Interlocks should be provided to stop the flow of waste automatically if either
norm
al fuel supply of combustion air flow is interrupted, or if CO levels
indicate less than 99.9% combustion efficiency.
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P a
nd c
oncern
ed th
at pro
ce
dura
l is
sues c
an a
rise
with
both
tem
pora
ry a
na
lytical m
easure
ments
and b
ackgro
und C
O f
rom
raw
m
ate
rials
. T
he c
om
bustio
n e
ffic
iency
cann
ot b
e m
easure
d d
irectly,
but h
as to
be c
alc
ula
ted f
rom
oth
er
measure
ments
. A
lso,
altho
ug
h the
cem
ent in
dustr
y has a
lmost perf
ecte
d th
e a
rt o
f m
easuring t
he g
as a
naly
sis
of
the b
ack e
nd
of
a c
em
ent kiln
, th
at m
easure
ment re
main
s d
ifficult
due to
the
extr
em
ely
aggre
ssiv
e c
onditio
ns in
th
e k
iln.
Inte
rna
tiona
l exp
erie
nce a
mong A
CM
P m
em
bers
has
sho
wn t
hat
a s
tric
t polic
y b
y auth
orities f
or
auto
matic
cut-
off
s c
an le
ad t
o a
gre
ate
r num
ber
of
kiln
upsets
or
incre
asin
g t
he s
everity
of
an u
pset ra
the
r th
an r
educin
g t
he
Altern
ative F
uel in
a c
ontr
olle
d m
anner.
The r
ed
uction o
f th
e A
ltern
ative
Fue
l in
a c
ontr
olle
d m
anner
wo
uld
achie
ve th
e s
am
e r
esults a
s c
uttin
g o
ff the
supply
, but
wou
ld p
reserv
e t
he s
tabili
ty o
f th
e k
iln. T
he A
CM
P r
ecom
mends
to m
odify
the p
ara
gra
ph t
o r
ead a
s f
ollo
ws: ..
.. interlocks should be provided
to adequately adjust or stop the flow ..... or if CO levels indicate significant
reduction in combustion efficiency.
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P a
re f
ully
in s
upport
of
com
ple
tely
and
auto
matic
ally
shutt
ing
off
the f
low
of
AF
R u
nd
er
the c
ontr
olle
d c
ond
itions,
should
th
e f
ollo
win
g o
ccur:
- A
ny
sudd
en f
ailu
re o
f th
e f
irin
g s
yste
m
- A
ny
failu
re o
f th
e m
ain
fan
s in
th
e k
iln s
yste
m
- A
ny
failu
re th
at
would
lea
d to a
feed f
ailu
re in t
he k
iln.
Note
d. T
he g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een s
ign
ific
antly
am
ende
d t
o a
ddre
ss this
and
oth
er
issues a
s a
ppro
pri
ate
.
The G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lop
ed t
o p
rovi
de a
ge
nera
l fra
mew
ork
for
the
develo
pm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tion
al, m
anagem
en
t and m
onito
ring
pla
ns.
These p
lans w
ou
ld b
e d
eve
lop
ed b
ased o
n e
ach p
art
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
an
d m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e. T
he u
ltim
ate
, non-n
eg
otiable
re
gula
tory
po
int
wo
uld
rem
ain
the c
om
plia
nce w
ith a
ll th
e e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s
and a
ssocia
ted p
rovi
sio
ns.
Note
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
47
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Section 3
.8.3
- L
abora
tory
T
he a
naly
sis
of
the A
FR
is t
he h
eart
of
the
co-p
rocessin
g a
ctivity
an
d n
eeds
very
specific
gu
idelin
es, se
para
te f
or
pro
-pro
cessin
g o
f w
aste
into
AF
R a
nd
for
co-p
rocess o
f A
FR
in c
em
ent kiln
s.
The G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lop
ed t
o p
rovi
de a
ge
nera
l fra
mew
ork
for
the
develo
pm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tion
al, m
anagem
en
t and m
onito
ring
pla
ns.
Section 3
.9 -
Kiln
Op
era
tion
Feeding of hazardous waste should not be perm
itted during periods of kiln-
startup, shut down ....
Used o
il is
cla
ssifie
d a
s a
ha
zard
ous w
aste
in S
outh
Afr
ica. U
sed o
il a
nd
som
e n
on-h
aza
rdous w
aste
s s
uch a
s b
iom
ass c
an b
e s
afe
ly c
om
buste
d
durin
g s
tart
up c
ond
itio
ns.
To h
ave
a g
enera
l con
ditio
n tha
t no
AF
R m
ay
be u
se
d d
urin
g s
tart
up
conditio
ns is
tech
nic
ally
un
sound. T
his
pro
vis
ion
wo
uld
als
o e
xclu
de e
very
user
of
waste
oil,
fro
m the R
ose F
ou
nda
tion p
rocess, fr
om
usin
g the w
aste
oil
in the
ir b
oile
r, c
olla
psin
g the e
ntire
waste
oil
ind
ustr
y in
South
Afr
ica.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that A
FR
tha
t can b
e u
se
d a
t sta
rt-u
p b
e
specific
ally
mentio
ned in a
deta
il gu
ide
line a
s d
escribe
d e
arl
ier
in t
he
com
ment docum
ent.
Ple
ase n
ote
that
altern
ative
raw
mate
rials
are
waste
an
d w
ill b
e inh
ere
ntly
part
of
the f
ee
d d
uri
ng
sta
rt-u
p &
sh
ut d
ow
n o
pera
tions.
Kiln Speed decrease to below 60 rph
Cem
ent K
iln o
ptim
al s
pe
ed
s r
ange f
rom
belo
w th
e a
bo
ve n
um
ber
to a
bove
120 r
ph. T
hus the k
iln s
pee
d, in
dic
ate
d a
bo
ve, is
techn
ically
unsou
nd a
s a
benchm
ark
belo
w w
hic
h A
FR
must not be f
ed.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends to r
ath
er
use
a p
erc
enta
ge o
f ra
ted p
roduction
rate
as a
be
nchm
ark
. T
he c
ontr
ol s
yste
m for
each c
em
ent kiln
uses a
ratio
betw
een t
he k
iln s
pee
d a
nd
the f
eed
rate
, th
us t
he k
iln s
peed is
auto
matic
ally
contr
olle
d b
y contr
olli
ng t
he f
eed r
ate
.
Als
o t
he m
inim
um
pro
duction r
ate
for
a c
em
ent kiln
is k
iln s
pecific
and m
ust
be d
ete
rmin
ed b
y e
ach o
pe
ratio
n.
Automatic Shutdown of AFR if certain conditions prevail
The s
am
e c
om
ments
are
rele
vant
here
tha
n a
bo
ve. Im
media
te, au
tom
atic
shut do
wn o
f A
FR
will
le
ad t
o e
ven
furt
her
pro
cess in
sta
bili
ty. T
he A
CM
P
recom
mends that con
trolle
d s
hutd
ow
ns o
f A
FR
feed t
o the
kiln
are
in
itiate
d
under
the c
ond
itions m
entioned
, except fo
r th
e c
on
ditio
n w
here
th
e s
kin
te
mpera
ture
of
the s
hell
exceeds 5
00 °
C.
This
pro
vis
ion is
unnecessary
deta
il sin
ce,
at th
at te
mpera
ture
, th
e k
iln a
lre
ad
y h
as s
ign
ific
ant d
am
age to
the s
he
ll.
It h
as b
een
decid
ed
tha
t th
e r
equ
irem
ent not
to a
llow
waste
s to b
e f
ed into
th
e k
iln a
t sta
rt u
p a
nd s
hut
do
wn
shou
ld b
e r
eta
ined.
N
ote
d. T
he g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een s
ign
ific
antly
am
ende
d t
o a
ddre
ss this
and
oth
er
issues a
s a
ppro
pri
ate
.
The G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lop
ed t
o p
rovi
de a
ge
nera
l fra
mew
ork
for
the
develo
pm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tion
al, m
anagem
en
t and m
onito
ring
pla
ns.
These p
lans w
ou
ld b
e d
eve
lop
ed b
ased o
n e
ach p
art
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.,
an
d m
ay
there
fore
re
quire
deta
iled m
otiv
ation
on a
sp
ects
whic
h m
ay
have to b
e d
iffe
rent fr
om
th
e p
ara
mete
rs p
roposed in
the g
uid
elin
e. T
he u
ltim
ate
, non-n
eg
otiable
re
gula
tory
po
int
wo
uld
rem
ain
the c
om
plia
nce w
ith a
ll th
e e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s
and a
ssocia
ted p
rovi
sio
ns.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
48
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Oxygen above 1.5%
The d
ocum
ent duplic
ate
s this
pro
visio
n in e
and h
. Waste not to be used during failure of air pollution control equipment
Althou
gh t
he A
CM
P s
up
port
s this
pro
visio
n in
princip
le,
the c
onditio
n n
eeds
to b
e m
uch m
ore
specific
. Im
media
te,
auto
matic
shut
do
wn o
f A
FR
will
lead
to e
ven
furt
her
pro
cess in
sta
bili
ty.
Note
d, to
be c
orr
ecte
d.
Note
d. T
he g
uid
elin
e h
as b
een s
ign
ific
antly
am
ende
d t
o a
ddre
ss this
and
oth
er
issues a
s a
ppro
pri
ate
.
Section 3
.11 -
Em
issio
ns
It is
not tr
ue
tha
t a
ll cem
ent
kiln
s in
Euro
pe c
om
ply
with the
EU
Directive,
man
y o
pera
te u
nder
an e
xception t
o a
llow
for
loca
l is
su
es, fo
r exam
ple
:
- m
onito
ring a
nd D
RE
specific
to the u
se o
f w
aste
s in a
pollu
tio
n c
leanu
p th
at
may
occur
for
a li
mite
d t
ime
- hig
h m
eta
ls c
onte
nts
in r
aw
mate
ria
l th
at
is g
en
era
ted in
a p
art
icu
lar
reg
ion
whic
h u
nd
er
the
str
ict E
U D
irective
wou
ld n
ot b
e a
llow
ed.
It is
tru
e tha
t cem
ent pla
nt
opera
tors
in t
he E
U m
ust com
ply
with th
e
Euro
pean
Directive 2
000/7
6E
C u
nle
ss a
n e
xception is g
rante
d b
y th
e
com
pete
nt
auth
orities. T
he A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that th
e s
am
e p
rovi
sio
n
app
lies in S
outh
Afr
ica.
Note
d. T
he Proposed Air Emission Standards for AFR Co-processing in
Cement Kilns d
oes in
clu
de c
ert
ain
pro
vis
ions (
as in
the
EU
Directive
) allo
win
g f
or
transitio
na
l and
diffe
rent sta
nd
ard
s b
ase
d o
n a
ge o
f kiln
, ty
pe o
f w
aste
use
d a
s A
FR
, a
nd s
ite-s
pecific
raw
mate
rial c
om
positio
n.
Section 3
.11.1
- C
ontinu
ou
s E
mis
sio
ns M
onitorin
g
Althou
gh t
he g
as c
ond
itio
ns (
Volu
me, H
um
idity,
Tem
pera
ture
and P
ressure
) need
to b
e m
easure
d to d
ete
rmin
e the a
ccura
te q
uantity
of
em
issio
ns, th
ese
need
not
be r
eport
ed.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that th
ese b
e o
mitt
ed f
rom
report
ing r
eq
uirem
ents
, but m
ust be a
vaila
ble
for
inspectio
n if
requ
ired.
Gas c
onditio
ns f
orm
an in
tegra
l part
of
eva
luating
com
plia
nce w
ith e
mis
sio
n
sta
ndard
s,
and
the
abse
nce there
of
wou
ld r
ed
uce t
he e
ffic
iency
of
com
plia
nce m
onito
rin
g if
no
t re
port
ed.
Section 3
.11.4
- A
dd
itiona
l m
easure
s for
qas c
lean
inq
T
he m
easure
s p
roposed
in t
his
section h
ave b
een d
em
onstr
ate
d a
s b
ein
g
pro
hib
itiv
ely
expensiv
e a
nd
, w
ith th
e e
xception
of
SN
CR
, ha
ve n
ot
bee
n
imple
mente
d in
the c
em
ent
ind
ustr
y, e
xcept fo
r a f
ew
test cases.
In th
e S
outh
Afr
ican c
onte
xt th
e m
andato
ry im
ple
menta
tion o
f th
ese
m
easure
s w
ould
lea
d to t
he
shut-
do
wn o
f th
at
part
icula
r cem
ent opera
tion.
Note
d. T
he g
uid
elin
e d
oes n
ot
inte
nd t
o p
rescrib
e a
ny
part
icu
lar
abate
ment
techno
log
y. T
he f
ocus is
ho
wever
on t
he r
equ
ired c
om
plia
nce w
ith e
mis
sio
n
sta
ndard
s w
ithin
the s
pecifie
d t
imefr
am
es (
see Proposed Air Emission
Standards for AFR Co-processing in Cement Kilns).
Section 3
.12 -
Test B
urn
s
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P a
gre
e w
ith th
e n
eed f
or
test burn
s f
or
the c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f P
OP
's a
s d
efined b
y th
e S
tockholm
Convention,
but str
ess
that th
e t
est burn
s f
or
DR
E v
erification
purp
oses s
hou
ld b
e c
onducte
d o
nly
once f
or
a s
pecific
kiln
.
Als
o t
he A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that
DR
E d
em
onstr
atio
n n
ot
be a
requ
irem
ent
for
eve
ry A
FR
im
ple
mente
d a
t cem
ent opera
tions.
DR
E a
nd D
E t
ests
wou
ld b
e r
equ
ired f
or
verification s
hou
ld P
OP
s c
onta
inin
g
waste
be c
o-p
rocessed.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
49
OF
86
20.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
12/0
3/2
008
(Two articles forwarded to several stakeholders via e-mail)
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Dear
all,
M
erc
ury
fro
m c
em
ent kiln
s is f
inally
als
o s
et
to b
e p
rop
erl
y re
gu
late
d in t
he
US
follo
win
g g
loba
l tre
nds.
Note
d. T
he a
rtic
les s
eem
to h
ave
been
sent fo
r in
form
atio
n a
nd n
o s
pecific
re
sponse is r
equ
ired. T
he im
port
ance o
f lim
iting a
nd m
onito
ring m
erc
ury
and
oth
er
em
issio
ns is
ackno
wle
dge
d th
oug
h, a
nd r
ela
ted
pro
vis
ions h
ave
accord
ing
ly b
een inclu
de
d in the
Proposed Air Emission Standards for AFR
Co-processing in Cement Kilns.
EP
A F
inall
y S
ets
Pla
ns f
or
Merc
ury
Lim
its
on
Cem
en
t K
iln
s
Years of delay m
eans thousands of pounds of mercury pollution have gone
unchecked
Marc
h 6
, 200
8; W
ash
ing
ton
, D
.C. --
Un
der
inte
nse p
ressure
fro
m s
tate
s
and loca
l an
d n
ationa
l envir
onm
enta
l and p
ub
lic h
ea
lth g
roups, th
e U
.S.
En
viro
nm
enta
l Pro
tection A
gency
an
nou
nced in a
rece
nt court
docum
ent
pla
ns to r
eg
ula
te m
erc
ury
pollu
tion f
rom
ove
r 100
cem
ent kiln
s a
cro
ss the
countr
y b
y S
epte
mber
200
9. T
he a
nn
ou
ncem
ent m
ark
s a
dra
matic
shift in
E
PA
polic
y w
hic
h,
until no
w, had
be
en t
o r
esis
t re
quir
ing m
erc
ury
contr
ols
fo
r cem
ent kiln
s.
"Aft
er
ne
arl
y a d
ecad
e o
f lit
igation a
nd m
ulti
ple
court
ord
ers
directing E
PA
to
regula
te m
erc
ury
fro
m c
em
ent kiln
s,
it seem
s the a
gen
cy
is f
ina
lly p
ayi
ng
atten
tion,"
said
Eart
hju
stic
e a
ttorn
ey
Jam
es P
ew
. T
hre
e tim
es in
the last te
n y
ears
, fe
dera
l court
s h
ave
ord
ere
d E
PA
to s
et
em
issio
n s
tandard
s t
o c
ontr
ol c
em
ent kiln
s' m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns. U
ntil no
w,
EP
A h
as ig
nore
d these
ord
ers
or
sought
to e
vade t
he
m. E
PA
fin
ally
in
dic
ate
d th
at it w
ould
set
merc
ury
em
issio
n s
tandard
s in
papers
file
d o
n
Febru
ary
20,
20
08,
in a
fou
rth c
ase b
rou
ght
by
Eart
hju
stic
e o
n b
eh
alf o
f S
ierr
a C
lub, D
ow
nw
inders
at R
isk (
TX
), F
riends o
f H
udson (
NY
), M
onta
nans
Aga
inst T
oxic
Burn
ing, D
esert
Citiz
ens A
ga
inst
Po
llutio
n (
CA
), a
nd t
he
Huro
n E
nvi
ronm
enta
l A
ctivi
st Leag
ue (
MI)
. T
he S
tate
s o
f N
ew
York
, M
ichig
an, C
onnecticut, I
llin
ois
, M
ary
lan
d, D
ela
ware
, M
assachusetts, N
ew
Jers
ey,
an
d P
en
nsyl
vania
als
o f
iled s
uit.
"Cem
ent kiln
s a
re a
mong t
he n
ation's
wors
t p
ollu
ters
, and t
he
ir f
ree r
ide o
n
merc
ury
pollu
tio
n n
eeds to
end a
t lo
ng
last,
" sa
id J
ane W
illia
ms, executiv
e
directo
r of
Desert
Citiz
ens A
ga
inst
Po
llutio
n.
Cem
ent kiln
s p
um
ped n
earl
y 1
2,0
00 p
ou
nd
s o
f m
erc
ury
in
to t
he a
ir in
2006
, accord
ing t
o E
PA
's T
oxic
s R
ele
ase In
vento
ry (
TR
I). H
ow
eve
r, the
TR
I depe
nds o
n v
olu
nta
ry e
mis
sio
ns e
stim
ate
s tha
t m
ay
sig
nific
antly
un
ders
tate
kiln
s' a
ctu
al po
llutio
n levels
. In
div
idu
al c
em
ent kiln
s in N
ew
York
, M
ichig
an
and O
reg
on r
outine
ly u
nders
tate
d t
he
ir e
mis
sio
ns u
ntil bein
g r
equire
d b
y S
tate
off
icia
ls to c
ond
uct e
mis
sio
ns tests
--
at
wh
ich p
oin
t it
was e
vident
tha
t
Where
kiln
s a
re n
ot b
urn
ing
AF
R’s
, m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns r
esult
from
the
pro
vis
ion o
f energ
y to
th
e c
em
ent pro
cess a
nd tra
ce e
lem
ents
are
found in
the r
aw
mate
ria
l use
d in c
em
ent m
anufa
ctu
re (
shale
, lim
esto
ne, cla
y etc
.). In
som
e p
art
s o
f th
e w
orld m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns c
an b
e s
lightly
ele
vate
d d
ue t
o
local ge
ogra
ph
y, th
is is
th
e c
ase in
som
e p
art
s o
f th
e U
S.
The in
put
specific
ation f
or
AF
R b
len
ded
mate
rial f
or
merc
ury
is s
et
at 1
0ppm
as a
ge
nera
l Ho
lcim
GT
Z s
tandard
. S
hou
ld t
he u
se o
f A
FR
’s b
e a
ccepte
d in
South
Afr
ica a
sim
ilar
limit
on m
erc
ury
cou
ld b
e a
pp
lied to s
afe
gu
ard
th
e
environm
ent an
d th
e h
ea
lth o
f th
e c
om
munity.
Altern
ative
ly,
em
issio
n lim
its
for
merc
ury
wou
ld b
e s
et
in li
ne w
ith inte
rnatio
nal B
EP
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
50
OF
86
their a
ctu
al e
mis
sio
ns w
ere
appro
xim
ate
ly t
en t
imes h
igher
than p
revio
usly
re
port
ed
. T
he L
afa
rge k
iln
in
Rav
en
a, N
ew
Yo
rk p
rev
iou
sly
rep
ort
ed
m
erc
ury
em
iss
ion
s o
f o
nly
40 p
ou
nd
s.
It n
ow
ackn
ow
led
ges e
mit
tin
g
mo
re t
han
400 p
ou
nd
s p
er
ye
ar.
"O
ne o
f C
alif
orn
ia's
big
gest m
erc
ury
pollu
ters
is a
cem
ent kiln
in D
avenp
ort
, C
alif
orn
ia, ju
st
acro
ss the s
treet fr
om
the M
onte
rey
Ba
y N
atio
na
l Marine
S
anctu
ary
," s
aid
Kriste
n R
august, a
mem
ber
of
the E
xecutive
Com
mitt
ee o
f th
e S
anta
Cru
z C
ounty
Gro
up o
f th
e S
ierr
a C
lub
. "H
op
efu
lly, th
e E
PA
will
finally
do s
om
eth
ing a
bout
this
po
llution a
nd p
rote
ct
both
our
fragile
marine
environm
ent an
d local child
ren f
rom
the h
arm
ful e
ffects
of m
erc
ury
."
Accord
ing to a
1991 a
rtic
le in S
cie
nce N
ew
s,
it only
takes 1
/70
th o
f a
teaspo
on o
f m
erc
ury
to
con
tam
inate
a 2
5-a
cre
lake. O
ver
40 s
tate
s h
ave
w
arn
ed t
he
ir c
itiz
ens to a
vo
id c
onsum
ing v
ari
ous f
ish s
pecie
s d
ue t
o
merc
ury
con
tam
ination;
over
half o
f th
ose m
erc
ury
ad
visori
es a
pply
to a
ll w
ate
rbo
die
s in
the
sta
tes.
Merc
ury
is a
dang
ero
us n
euro
toxin
tha
t can im
pair a
young
child
's a
bili
ty to
w
alk
, ta
lk, re
ad,
wri
te a
nd learn
. W
hile
th
e m
erc
ury
po
llution f
rom
these k
ilns
is s
tagg
erin
g, th
ey
are
als
o m
ajo
r em
itters
of
toxic
org
anic
com
pounds, such
as b
en
zene a
nd f
orm
ald
eh
yde
, know
n c
arc
ino
gens.
In t
he c
ourt
docum
ents
, E
PA
als
o p
ledge
d to s
et e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s f
or
these
pollu
tants
as w
ell.
"I
t is
a g
ood t
hin
g A
mericans c
an h
old
their g
ove
rnm
ent accounta
ble
for
bre
akin
g th
e la
w,"
said
Mart
i Sin
cla
ir,
Sie
rra C
lub's
Nation
al A
ir C
om
mitt
ee
Chair.
"The c
em
ent in
dustr
y h
as f
ar
too m
uch c
lout at
EP
A. If
the
court
s
hadn't
put
a s
top to its
scoff
law
beh
avio
r, t
he a
ge
ncy
would
ne
ver
ha
ve
made this
industr
y cle
an u
p."
T
en
Years
An
d F
ou
r L
aw
su
its T
o B
rin
g E
PA
In
to C
om
plian
ce W
ith
C
lean
Air
Act
Sie
rra C
lub f
irst file
d s
uit
in 1
998
, aft
er
EP
A f
aile
d to
meet a
No
vem
ber
15,
1997
de
adlin
e to issue a
ir t
oxic
s r
egula
tions f
or
cem
ent kiln
s. In
that case,
the U
nited S
tate
s D
istr
ict C
ourt
for
the D
istr
ict of
Co
lum
bia
ord
ere
d t
he
agency
to d
o s
o b
y M
ay
15,
199
9.
When the a
gency
issue
d th
e o
verd
ue r
eg
ula
tions, h
ow
eve
r, it re
fused t
o
inclu
de s
tandard
s to c
on
trol cem
ent kiln
s' m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns. S
ierr
a C
lub
, re
pre
sente
d b
y E
art
hju
stice
, challe
nged
tha
t decis
ion in the
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Court
of
Appe
als
for
the D
istr
ict of
Colu
mbia
Circuit,
whic
h f
oun
d in 2
000
that th
e a
ge
ncy'
s r
efu
sal vi
ola
ted t
he f
edera
l Cle
an A
ir A
ct an
d o
rdere
d t
he
agency
to s
et m
erc
ury
sta
ndard
s.
EP
A ignore
d t
he D
.C. C
ircuit'
s o
rder
until 200
4,
wh
en S
ierr
a C
lub b
roug
ht a
third s
uit,
whic
h r
esulted in a
n o
rder
requ
irin
g E
PA
to
issue the r
equ
ired
merc
ury
sta
ndard
s n
o late
r th
an D
ecem
ber,
2006
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
51
OF
86
In 2
006,
the a
ge
ncy
issued a
noth
er
rule
refu
sin
g to s
et
merc
ury
sta
ndard
s.
On this
occasio
n,
it w
as s
ued n
ot o
nly
by
local an
d n
ation
al en
viro
nm
enta
l gro
ups, b
ut a
lso t
he S
tate
s o
f N
ew
York
, M
ich
iga
n, C
onnectic
ut, I
llino
is,
Mary
lan
d, D
ela
ware
, M
assachusetts, N
ew
Jers
ey
an
d P
en
nsyl
van
ia. T
hat
case w
as h
eld
in a
be
yance
fro
m 2
006 u
ntil no
w,
wh
en
EP
A w
as f
orc
ed t
o
ind
icate
wheth
er
it w
ished t
o s
et m
erc
ury
sta
ndard
s o
r lit
iga
te t
he issue a
fo
urt
h tim
e. T
he a
gency
ind
icate
d in
a m
otio
n t
o t
he c
ourt
that
it expecte
d to
pro
pose m
erc
ury
sta
nd
ard
s b
y "m
id-S
epte
mber
2008
" and issue th
em
by
"mid
-Septe
mber
200
9."
Co
nta
ct:
Jam
es P
ew
, E
art
hju
stic
e, (2
02)
667-4
50
0
3.1
0.2
00
8 9
:57 A
M
Th
e 2
7 W
ors
t C
em
en
t K
iln
s f
or
Merc
ury
Po
llu
tio
n
EP
A,
Fin
all
y, W
ill C
rack D
ow
n o
n M
ajo
r P
ollu
ters
B
y D
an
Sh
ap
ley
Aft
er
years
of
litig
atio
n, it a
ppears
th
at e
nvi
ronm
enta
l gro
ups a
nd s
tate
s
have w
on a
vic
tory
aga
inst
the E
nvi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tection A
gency,
whic
h h
ad
re
fused f
or
10 y
ears
to s
et
merc
ury
em
issio
ns lim
its o
n c
em
ent kiln
s, on
e o
f th
e larg
est so
urc
es o
f pollu
tion in t
he c
ountr
y. T
he n
ew
s c
am
e to u
s f
rom
E
art
hju
stic
e, th
e g
roup t
hat
has, in
colla
bora
tion w
ith n
atio
na
l an
d local
environm
enta
l gro
ups, le
d t
he lega
l fig
ht to
se
e th
is m
erc
ury
po
llutio
n r
ein
ed
in.
The E
PA
ha
d c
racked d
ow
n o
n m
erc
ury
fro
m p
ow
er
pla
nts
in r
ecent
years
, th
ou
gh t
hat re
gu
lation w
as r
ecently
tosse
d b
y th
e c
ourt
s. B
ut th
e E
PA
had
refu
sed, desp
ite f
our
court
decis
ions s
tating t
hat
the C
lean A
ir A
ct re
quire
d
merc
ury
re
gula
tion f
rom
majo
r in
dustr
ial s
ourc
es li
ke c
em
ent m
anufa
ctu
ring
pla
nts
, to
se
t firs
t-eve
r lim
its.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y is
he
avi
ly c
onsolid
ate
d a
nd c
ontr
olle
d b
y in
tern
atio
nal
com
panie
s t
hat
are
, in
many
cases, b
ased o
uts
ide th
e U
nited S
tate
s. W
hile
th
e U
.S.
econom
y dem
and
s c
em
ent, the p
ollu
tion is d
um
ped d
om
estic
ally
w
hile
the p
rofits
are
exp
ort
ed. M
erc
ury
fallo
ut fr
om
burn
ing c
oa
l an
d
pro
cessin
g lim
esto
ne c
on
tam
inate
s la
kes, rive
rs a
nd r
eserv
oirs,
where
ele
menta
l m
erc
ury
is tra
nsfo
rmed in
to toxic
meth
ymerc
ury
. T
hat ne
uro
toxin
ente
rs th
e f
ood c
hain
an
d c
an d
am
age the b
rain
s o
f fe
tuses a
nd y
oung
child
ren w
ho e
at, o
r w
hose
moth
ers
eat, c
onta
min
ate
d f
ish.
Here
's a
lis
t of
the
27 c
em
ent kiln
s tha
t em
itted m
ore
than 1
00 p
ou
nds o
f m
erc
ury
in 2
00
6. (V
iew
all
100 in t
he E
PA
's T
oxic
Rele
ase In
vento
ry.
Note
, ho
wever,
th
is c
aveat
from
Eart
hju
stic
e: "T
he T
RI dep
ends o
n
volu
nta
ry e
mis
sio
ns e
stim
ate
s that m
ay
sig
nific
antly
unders
tate
kiln
s' a
ctu
al
pollu
tion
leve
ls. In
div
idu
al c
em
ent kiln
s in N
ew
Yo
rk, M
ichig
an a
nd O
regon
ro
utin
ely
und
ers
tate
d t
he
ir e
mis
sio
ns u
ntil b
ein
g r
eq
uir
ed b
y sta
te o
ffic
ials
to
conduct em
issio
ns tests
– a
t w
hic
h p
oin
t it w
as e
vide
nt th
at
the
ir a
ctu
al
em
issio
ns w
ere
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly te
n tim
es h
igher
than p
revio
usly
re
port
ed.
The L
afa
rge k
iln in R
ave
na,
Ne
w Y
ork
pre
viously
rep
ort
ed m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns o
f only
40 p
ou
nd
s. It n
ow
acknow
led
ges e
mitt
ing m
ore
than 4
00
poun
ds p
er
year.
"
As a
bo
ve.
Man
y cem
ent in
dustr
ies in t
he U
S h
ave
a s
pecia
l dis
pe
nsatio
n f
rom
the E
PA
to
use lim
esto
ne w
ith h
ighe
r th
an u
sual qu
antities o
f m
erc
ury
as th
is is
re
late
d to
the
ge
olo
gy
of
the r
egio
n.
This
pla
nt
do
es n
ot
ha
ve a
n A
FR
pro
gra
m a
nd t
here
fore
the e
mis
sio
ns w
hic
h
were
fro
m a
once o
ff test could
on
ly h
ave
com
e fro
m the m
ate
rials
use
d in
the p
rocess b
ein
g c
oa
l, coke o
r m
ate
rials
in t
he r
aw
fe
ed.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
52
OF
86
Big
gest
Cem
en
t K
iln
Merc
ury
Po
llu
ters
, 2
006
P
ou
nd
s –
Fa
cilit
y, L
ocati
on
1.
2,5
82 –
Ash G
rove
Cem
ent C
o., D
urk
ee, B
aker
County
, O
re.
2.
654 –
Ca
liforn
ia P
ort
land C
em
ent C
o., C
olto
n,
San B
ern
ard
ino
County
, C
alif
.
3.
586 –
Le
hig
h S
ou
thw
est
Cem
ent C
o., T
ehachap
i, K
ern
Cou
nty
, C
alif
.
4.
522 –
Ash G
rove
Cem
ent
Co., C
han
ute
, N
eosh
o,
Kan
.
5.
496 –
Ha
nson P
erm
anente
Cem
ent, C
upert
ino
, S
anta
Cla
ra C
ou
nty
, C
alif
.
6.
472 –
Ash G
rove
Cem
ent
Co., F
ore
man, L
ittle
Riv
er
County
, A
rk.
7.
417 –
LaF
arg
e M
idw
est In
c., A
lpe
na,
Alp
en
a C
ounty
, M
ich.
8.
416 –
LaF
arg
e B
uild
ing M
ate
ria
ls Inc., R
avena
, A
lba
ny
Coun
ty,
N.Y
.
9.
271 –
Cem
ex C
alif
orn
ia C
em
ent LLC
, V
icto
rvill
e,
Sa
n B
ern
ard
ino
County
, C
alif
.
10.
252 –
Riv
er
Cem
ent C
o., F
estu
s, Jeff
ers
on C
ounty
, M
o.
11.
241 –
Cem
ex C
em
ent of T
exas L
P,
Ne
w B
rau
nfe
ls, C
om
al C
ounty
, T
exas
12.
225 –
Cem
ex d
e P
uert
o R
ico Inc., P
once,
Po
nce C
ou
nty
, P
uert
o
Ric
o
13.
208 –
Natio
nal C
em
ent C
o.
of
Ala
bam
a, R
agla
nd
, S
t. C
lair C
ou
nty
, A
la.
14.
190 –
Le
hig
h C
em
ent C
o., M
ason C
ity,
Cerr
o G
ord
o C
ounty
, Io
wa
15.
176 –
Essro
c C
em
ent C
orp
., S
peed
, C
lark
County
, In
d.
16.
172 –
RM
C P
acific
Mate
ria
ls, D
avenp
ort
, S
anta
Cru
z C
ounty
, C
alif
.
17.
163 –
Essro
c C
em
ent C
orp
., N
aza
reth
, N
ort
ham
pto
n C
ounty
, P
en
n.
18.
161 –
Mits
ub
ishi C
em
ent C
orp
., L
ucern
e V
alle
y, S
an B
ern
ard
ino
County
, C
alif
.
19.
160 –
Bu
zzi U
nic
em
US
A,
Cape G
irard
eau, C
ap
e G
ira
rdeau C
ou
nty
, M
o.
20.
159 –
Le
hig
h C
em
ent C
o., M
itche
l, La
wre
nce C
ounty
, In
d.
21.
153 –
Ash G
rove
Cem
ent, L
eam
ingto
n, L
eam
ingto
n C
ounty
, U
tah
22.
151 –
Essro
c C
em
ent C
orp
., B
essem
er,
La
wre
nce C
ounty
, P
enn
.
23.
149 –
Ca
pitol C
em
ent C
orp
., M
art
insburg
, B
erk
ele
y, W
.Va.
24.
130 –
Bu
zzi U
nic
em
US
A,
Gre
encastle
, P
utn
am
Coun
ty, In
d.
25.
120 –
Ho
lcim
(U
S),
Dund
ee
, M
onro
e C
ounty
, M
ich
.
26.
106 –
Ho
lcim
U.S
. In
c., C
lark
svi
lle,
Pik
e C
oun
ty,
Mo
.
27.
105 –
Ke
ysto
ne C
em
ent C
o., B
ath
, N
ort
ham
pto
n, P
en
n.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
53
OF
86
21.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
26/0
3/2
008
(Article forwarded to several stakeholders via e-mail)
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Dear
all,
S
om
e w
orr
yin
g r
ecen
t ne
ws f
rom
the U
S h
igh
lighting d
ang
ero
usly
hig
h H
g
em
issio
ns f
rom
cem
ent pla
nts
.
Note
d. T
he a
rtic
le s
eem
s to h
ave
been
sent fo
r in
form
atio
n a
nd n
o s
pecific
re
sponse is r
equ
ired. T
he issues r
ela
ted to m
erc
ury
have
be
en d
ea
lt w
ith in
the c
om
ment abo
ve.
http://w
ww
.daily
freem
an.c
om
/site
/ne
ws.c
fm?ne
wsid
=1
9420
003
&B
RD
=17
69
&P
AG
=461
&d
ept_
id=
7495
8&
rfi=
6
Cem
en
t p
lan
t m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns s
pu
r co
ncern
B
y B
ob
Gre
en
, S
pecia
l to
th
e F
reem
an
03/2
5/2
008
ST
UY
VE
SA
NT
- A
fter
federa
l data
rece
ntly
sh
ow
ed th
at Lafa
rge C
em
ent's
pla
nt acro
ss the H
udso
n R
iver
in R
avena w
as th
e s
tate
's la
rgest so
urc
e o
f m
erc
ury
em
issio
ns in th
e s
tate
in 2
006
, th
e S
tuyv
esant
Tow
n B
oard
move
d
at its
Marc
h m
eetin
g t
o s
en
d a
lett
er
to t
he s
tate
hig
hlig
hting its
concern
s.
En
viro
nm
enta
l gro
ups, citin
g d
ata
fro
m the f
edera
l E
nvironm
enta
l P
rote
ction
A
ge
ncy,
sa
y th
at th
e L
afa
rge p
lant
em
itted o
ver
400 p
ounds o
f m
erc
ury
in
2006
, a
ltho
ugh
in 2
003,
the
com
pan
y sa
id it
pro
duced a
ten
th o
f th
at
am
ount, o
r 40 p
ou
nds.
Merc
ury
can c
ause h
ealth p
roble
ms in
hum
ans a
nd
anim
als
. It a
lso c
an
lead t
o b
irth
defe
cts
.
The p
lant's
outp
ut of
toxic
merc
ury
was n
earl
y a t
hird o
f th
e s
tate
's t
ota
l m
erc
ury
pollu
tio
n, e
quiv
ale
nt to
four
of
the s
tate
's larg
est coal- f
ired p
ow
er
pla
nts
, accord
ing t
o o
ne p
ublis
hed e
stim
ate
.
The p
lant,
on
U.S
. R
oute
9W
near
the w
est
end o
f th
e C
astle
ton B
rid
ge,
is
less tha
n e
ight
mile
s f
rom
som
e p
art
s o
f S
tuyv
esa
nt, a
nd its
plu
me is
pla
inly
vi
sib
le f
rom
man
y re
sid
ences in
to
wn.
Ra
ven
a is
less t
han 2
0 m
iles n
ort
h o
f C
ats
kill
.
Stu
yvesant
tow
n S
uperv
iso
r V
ale
rie B
ert
ram
acknow
ledged
the
Lafa
rge h
ad
"b
een in t
he n
ew
s"
an
d s
aid
she h
ad r
ece
nt con
tacts
with
the o
ffic
es o
f U
.S.
Rep K
irste
n G
illib
ran
d a
nd s
tate
Assem
bly
man T
im G
ord
on.
The s
uperv
isor
sa
id s
he h
ad b
een info
rmed that G
illib
rand w
ou
ld m
eet
with
the s
tate
De
part
ment of
En
viro
nm
enta
l Co
nserv
ation "
to r
equ
est air q
ua
lity
monito
ring f
or
the s
outh
ern
and n
ort
hern
en
ds o
f C
olu
mbia
County
."
Resid
ents
ha
ve f
requently
pre
ssed the
bo
ard
to
speak o
ut
on t
he t
opic
of
air
qua
lity,
and B
ert
ram
rais
ed t
he m
atter
with th
e c
oun
ty B
oard
of
Sup
erv
isors
. B
ut th
e c
ounty
has r
eceiv
ed a
lett
er
from
Gill
ibra
nd s
ayi
ng t
hat
pre
vio
us a
ir
monito
ring in C
olu
mbia
Co
unty
"did
not
pro
duce a
ny
meanin
gfu
l in
form
atio
n,"
and t
hat
"part
icula
te m
atter
is b
est m
easure
d 'a
t th
e f
ence.'"
A r
evi
ew
of
the a
rtic
le ind
icate
s th
at th
e m
erc
ury
resu
lts f
rom
part
icula
r ra
w
mate
rials
used a
t th
e p
lant,
and n
ot
due
to u
se o
f A
FR
s.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
54
OF
86
Aft
er
that re
sp
onse, m
em
bers
the S
tuyv
esant T
ow
n B
oard
were
relu
cta
nt
to
take f
urt
her
actio
n.
But
tha
t sta
nce c
ha
nge
d th
is m
onth
when
Dep
uty
S
up
erv
isor
Ron
Kn
ott p
rop
osed a
reso
lutio
n u
nan
imou
sly
ado
pte
d b
y th
e
board
: "D
ue t
o th
e c
oncern
s f
rom
the r
ecent re
lease o
f in
form
atio
n r
egard
ing
merc
ury
em
issio
ns f
rom
the L
afa
rge C
em
ent
Pla
nt
in R
ave
na,
we t
he T
ow
n
Board
of
Stu
yvesan
t re
spe
ctf
ully
ask that (t
he s
tate
Depart
ment of
En
viro
nm
enta
l Co
nserv
atio
n)
pro
vid
e m
onito
ring o
f th
is s
ituation a
nd
take
ste
ps to h
elp
Lafa
rge
achie
ve b
ett
er
em
issio
ns s
tandard
s w
hile
co
ntinuin
g t
o
opera
te a
t th
is locatio
n."
In
makin
g h
is m
otio
n,
Knott
add
ed,
"I a
lso w
ou
ld lik
e to
ask S
uperv
isor
Bert
ram
to s
hare
our
conce
rns w
ith t
he c
ounty
Board
of
Superv
isors
an
d a
sk
that th
ey
join
us in a
skin
g D
EC
to
pro
vide m
onito
ring in
Colu
mbia
Cou
nty
."
Most pers
iste
nt
in k
eepin
g t
he is
sue
on t
he b
oard
's a
ge
nda h
as b
een
resid
ent
Ne
d D
epe
w,
who a
sks a
bout
it e
very
cha
nce h
e g
ets
. D
epe
w
appe
are
d a
t a
n A
lban
y n
ew
s c
onfe
rence r
egard
ing
the
Lafa
rge m
erc
ury
is
sue, re
pre
se
nting t
he C
olu
mbia
Coun
ty g
rou
p C
itiz
ens f
or
Cle
an A
ir o
f th
e
Upper
Hudson
Va
lley,
wh
ich u
nsuccessfu
lly o
pposed
the p
lan
t's a
pp
lica
tion
for
perm
issio
n to b
urn
old
tir
es. D
epe
w a
lso g
ave
ora
l testim
on
y in
20
05
sta
te h
earin
gs o
n the
pla
nt's
applic
ation t
o u
se
tire-d
eri
ved
fuel.
D
epe
w e
nco
ura
ge
d h
is n
eig
hbors
to
write
letters
to
sta
te D
epart
menta
l of
En
viro
nm
enta
l Co
nserv
atio
n C
om
mis
sio
ner
Pete
Gra
nnis
an
d to
ele
cte
d
off
icia
ls, urg
ing t
hat
"str
ict
merc
ury
le
vel l
ang
uag
e b
e in the
ne
w p
erm
it bein
g
nego
tiate
d"
with
the p
lant.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
55
OF
86
22.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
27/0
3/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Ple
ase f
ind b
elo
w a
n a
bstr
act exam
inin
g h
ea
lth o
utc
om
es c
om
paring c
oa
l and c
oal/R
DF
. P
lease incorp
ora
te t
his
rese
arc
h into
th
e H
TT
T p
olic
y pro
cess.
“Data from these studies demonstrate significant alterations in lung
perm
eability from coal/RDF ash exposure compared to control animals or
animals exposed to coal ash alone.”
Note
d.
Fern
and
ez
et
al.,
20
03. In
hala
tio
n h
ealth e
ffects
of fine
part
icle
s f
rom
the c
o-
com
bustio
n o
f coal a
nd r
efu
se d
eri
ved f
uel. C
hem
osphere
51: 1
129
–11
37
Abstr
act
This
paper
is c
oncern
ed
with h
ealth e
ffects
fro
m the in
hala
tion o
f part
icula
te
matter
(PM
) em
itted f
rom
the c
om
bustio
n o
f coal, a
nd f
rom
the c
o-
com
bustio
n o
f re
fuse d
erived f
uel (
RD
F)
and
pu
lveri
zed c
oal m
ixtu
res,
under
both
norm
al a
nd lo
w N
Ox c
onditio
ns.
Sp
ecific
issues f
ocus o
n
wheth
er
the
ad
ditio
n o
f R
DF
to c
oa
l has a
n e
ffect on P
M toxic
ity,
an
d
wheth
er
the
ap
plic
ation o
f sta
ge
d c
om
bustio
n (
for
low
NO
x)
ma
y als
o b
e a
fa
cto
r in
th
is r
egard
.
Ash p
art
icle
s w
ere
sam
ple
d a
nd c
olle
cte
d f
rom
a p
ilot scale
com
bustio
n u
nit
and t
hen
re-s
uspen
ded a
nd
dilu
ted to
concentr
ations o
f ~
1000 m
g/m
3.
These p
art
icle
s w
ere
inh
ale
d b
y m
ice, w
hic
h w
ere
held
in a
nose-o
nly
exposure
config
ura
tion.
Exposure
tests
were
for
1 h
per
da
y, a
nd in
volv
ed
thre
e s
ets
(e
igh
t m
ice p
er
set)
of m
ice. T
hese thre
e s
ets
were
expose
d o
ver
8, 16
, an
d 2
4 c
onsecutive d
ays
, re
spectively
. P
ath
olo
gic
al l
ung d
am
age w
as
measure
d in
term
s o
f in
cre
ases in
lun
g p
erm
eabili
ty.
R
esults
sho
w th
at th
e r
e-s
uspende
d c
oa
l/RD
F a
sh a
pp
eare
d t
o c
ause
very
diffe
rent eff
ects
on lu
ng
perm
eabili
ty t
han d
id c
oa
l ash a
lone. In
additio
n,
it w
as a
lso s
ho
wn t
hat
a ‘‘s
na
pshot’’ o
f lu
ng p
rop
ert
ies a
fter
a f
ixed n
um
ber
of
daily
1-h
exposure
s, can
be
mis
leadin
g, sin
ce
ap
pare
nt
repair m
echanis
ms
cause lu
ng p
ropert
ies t
o c
hange
ove
r a p
eri
od o
f tim
e. F
or
the c
oal/R
DF
, th
e
gre
ate
st
lun
g d
am
age (
in t
erm
s o
f lu
ng p
erm
eabili
ty incre
ase)
occurr
ed a
t th
e s
hort
exposure
peri
od o
f 8 d
ays
, and t
here
aft
er
app
eare
d t
o b
e
gra
du
ally
re
pa
ired.
Ash f
rom
sta
ged (
low
NO
x)
com
bustio
n o
f coal/R
DF
appe
are
d t
o c
ause
gre
ate
r lu
ng inju
ry t
ha
n th
at fr
om
unsta
ged (
hig
h N
Ox)
coal/R
DF
com
bustio
n, a
lthough
the
tem
pora
l beha
vio
r and (
app
are
nt)
rep
air
pro
cesses in
each c
ase w
ere
sim
ilar.
In c
ontr
ast to
this
, coal ash a
lon
e
sho
wed a
slig
ht
decre
ase
of
lung p
erm
eabili
ty a
fter
1 a
nd 3
da
ys, an
d th
is
dis
ap
peare
d a
fter
12 d
ays
.
The e
xperim
ents
were
con
ducte
d o
n a
pilo
t scale
com
bustio
n u
nit,
an
d th
e
opera
tio
n th
ere
of
nee
ds to b
e c
onsid
ere
d to e
sta
blis
h t
he r
ele
vance a
nd
leve
l of
extr
apola
tion p
ossib
le,
if a
t a
ll, t
o c
em
ent kiln
op
era
tion a
nd A
FR
co-
pro
cessin
g.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
56
OF
86
These o
bserv
atio
ns a
re inte
rpre
ted
in the
lig
ht
of
mech
an
ism
s p
roposed in
the litera
ture
. T
he r
esults
all
sugg
est th
at th
e c
om
positi
on o
f part
icle
s
actu
ally
inha
led is
im
port
ant in
dete
rmin
ing lun
g inju
ry.
Part
icle
siz
e
segre
gate
d leach
ab
ility
measure
ments
show
ed th
at
wa
ter
solu
ble
su
lfur,
zi
nc, an
d v
ana
diu
m, but not
iron,
were
pre
sent
in t
he c
oal/R
DF
ash
part
icle
s,
wh
ich c
ause
d lun
g p
erm
eabili
ties to incre
ase
. H
ow
eve
r, t
he
diffe
rences in
health e
ffects
betw
een u
nsta
ged a
nd s
taged c
oal/R
DF
com
bustio
n c
ould
no
t be
att
ribute
d to
variatio
ns in
pH
valu
es o
f th
e
leach
ate
.
[fro
m b
od
y of
text]
Data
fro
m these s
tudie
s d
em
onstr
ate
sig
nific
ant
altera
tions in lun
g
perm
eabili
ty f
rom
coal/R
DF
ash e
xposure
com
pare
d to
contr
ol an
imals
or
anim
als
exposed
to c
oal ash a
lone
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
57
OF
86
23.
Po
rt S
hep
sto
ne C
om
mu
nit
y M
eeti
ng
; 12/0
4/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
The p
erm
it to
burn
waste
, w
ill it com
e f
rom
com
munity
or
info
rmed b
y p
olic
y.
The p
erm
ittin
g p
rocess h
as thre
e s
teps, th
e f
irst is
the
appro
val o
f th
e
En
viro
nm
enta
l Im
pact A
ssessm
ent w
hic
h is a
ppro
ved b
y th
e p
rovin
cia
l E
nvi
ronm
enta
l De
part
ment, the s
eco
nd is the a
ppro
val of
Sectio
n 2
0 w
aste
sto
rage p
erm
it w
hic
h is is
sued b
y th
e C
hie
f D
irecto
rate
Po
llution a
nd
Waste
at D
EA
T a
nd t
he t
hird
is th
e lic
ence issued in t
erm
s o
f th
e A
tmospheric
Pollu
tio
n P
revention A
ct
wh
ich is
issued b
y th
e C
hie
f D
irecto
rate
Air Q
ua
lity
and C
limate
Ch
ang
e.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y w
ent
ahea
d to
ask f
or
a p
erm
it to
burn
ha
zard
ous
waste
with
out spe
akin
g to t
he c
om
munity
T
he f
irst appro
val t
hat
is r
equire
d to b
urn
ha
zard
ous w
aste
in a
cem
ent kiln
is
the E
nvi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact A
ssessm
ent. T
he E
IA a
pp
licatio
ns w
ere
app
lied f
or
in t
erm
s o
f th
e E
nvi
ronm
ent C
onserv
ation A
ct a
nd E
IA R
egu
lations,
whic
h
requires t
he a
pp
lica
nt to
re
gis
ter
with
the r
ele
vant D
ep
art
ment and th
en a
pla
n o
f stu
dy
is r
equire
d to
be a
ppro
ved
befo
re th
e s
co
pe th
e c
om
munity
concern
s c
an b
egin
. T
he p
rocedure
s th
ere
fore
req
uire t
hat th
e a
pp
licatio
n is
m
ade b
efo
re c
onsulta
tion w
ith t
he c
om
munity
is u
ndert
aken. N
o d
ecis
ion
is
ho
we
ver
taken o
n t
he a
pp
licatio
n p
rior
to t
he f
ina
lisatio
n o
f th
e p
ub
lic
part
icip
ation
pro
cess a
nd w
ell
as th
e tech
nic
al r
evie
w p
rocess.
Com
munity
ha
ve n
ot
be
en c
onsulte
d N
PC
specific
NP
C r
esp
onse –
in term
s o
f th
e techn
ical pro
cesses a
nd c
om
munic
atio
n
have f
ollo
we
d n
um
ero
us p
rocesses. T
he in
dustr
y de
alt w
ith d
iffe
rent
depart
ments
in t
erm
s o
f deve
lop
ing
the
com
munic
atio
n s
trate
gy
for
expansio
n. Q
uart
erl
y lia
iso
n m
eetin
gs a
re h
eld
with
th
e v
arious c
om
muniti
es
– the
meetin
gs a
re o
pe
n a
nd a
nyo
ne is w
elc
om
e to a
ttend. T
he m
anagem
ent
are
com
mitt
ed to m
eetin
g w
ith t
he c
om
munity
and
will
set up a
meetin
g o
n
Mond
ay
wh
ere
issues n
ot re
ally
for
toda
y’s m
eetin
g w
ill b
e d
iscussed.
The W
aste
Bill
is s
till
pen
din
g h
ow
is it p
ossib
le to
pro
pose th
e p
olic
y w
hen
the b
ill h
as n
ot
be
en p
asse
d
The W
aste
Bill
is f
ram
ew
ork
legis
lation
, do
es n
ot
specify
techno
log
ies. T
he
Waste
Bill
sta
tus w
ill t
here
fore
not
ha
ve a
n im
pact on t
he p
olic
e d
eve
lopm
ent
pro
cess. In
20
00 t
he I
nte
gra
ted P
ollu
tion a
nd W
aste
Manag
em
ent polic
y w
as
develo
pe
d w
hic
h ide
ntif
ied t
he d
irection in w
hic
h t
he c
ountr
y w
ished t
o m
ove
w
ith r
esp
ect to
waste
mana
gem
ent. D
EA
T b
elie
ve th
at
this
and t
he N
ationa
l E
nvi
ronm
enta
l Mana
gem
ent A
ct
wh
ich p
rovid
es t
he p
rincip
les f
or
waste
m
anagem
ent pro
vide a
suff
icie
nt basis
to d
evelo
p t
he c
urr
ent po
licy.
In
dustr
y do
es n
ot
take p
eo
ple
form
the c
om
munity
for
em
plo
yment. W
hat is
th
e ind
ustr
y d
oin
g a
bou
t un
em
plo
yment
in t
he a
rea
This
is n
ot a
n is
sue
wh
ich c
an b
e s
olv
ed thro
ugh
the
polic
y d
evelo
pm
ent
pro
cess. T
his
issue w
ill b
e a
dde
d to
the
ag
end
a f
or
the N
PC
qu
art
erl
y m
eetin
g w
ith t
he c
om
munity
. D
EA
T w
ill r
equest re
gu
lar
update
s f
rom
the
managem
ent of
NP
C o
n p
rogre
ss b
ein
g m
ade.
Sm
all
am
ounts
are
only
giv
en f
or
socia
l responsib
ility
, w
ill th
ey
take the
math
s a
nd s
cie
nce s
tudents
to o
ther
counties t
o look a
t th
ese t
echn
olo
gie
s
As a
bo
ve
Who o
wns t
he c
em
ent com
pan
ies, are
there
an
y lo
ca
l peop
le w
ho h
ave
o
wners
hip
T
he o
wners
hip
of
the in
dustr
y is
not p
art
of
the
ap
pro
val p
rocess f
or
either
the E
IA o
r th
e c
urr
ent
po
licy.
Tra
nsfo
rmatio
n o
f th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y is
an
is
sue w
hic
h th
e m
anagem
ent of
NP
C m
ust dis
cuss w
ith the
com
muniti
es
thro
ug
h th
e q
uart
erl
y m
eetings b
ein
g h
eld
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
58
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Youth
em
plo
yment o
pport
unitie
s
T
he is
sue o
f yo
uth
em
plo
yment w
ill b
e a
dd
ed t
o th
e a
gend
a o
f th
e q
uart
erl
y m
eetin
gs b
ein
g h
eld
betw
een N
PC
and t
he c
om
munity.
DE
AT
will
requ
est
regula
r up
date
s f
or
the m
anagem
ent of
NP
C o
n p
rogre
ss b
ein
g m
ade.
The c
om
pan
y h
as n
ot
obse
rved “
tra
ditio
nal”/tri
ba
l pro
tocol i
n it
s c
onsultation
T
he E
IA p
rocess is
to e
nsu
re that
the c
onsultation p
rocess h
as b
een
com
pre
hensiv
e a
nd
tha
t a
ll In
tere
ste
d a
nd A
ffecte
d p
ers
ons h
ave
been
consulte
d. T
he p
rovi
ncia
l auth
ori
ties w
ho a
re r
espo
nsib
le f
or
the
auth
orisation o
f E
IA a
ttend
ed th
e m
eetin
g a
nd a
ware
of
the c
oncern
s r
ais
ed
by
the c
om
munity
with
resp
ect to
consu
ltatio
n. T
he is
sue o
f in
clu
siv
ely
of
the
pub
lic p
art
icip
ation w
ill b
e c
are
fully
consid
ere
d t
hro
ugh
the a
uth
orisation
pro
cess.
Will
the w
aste
gen
era
ted f
rom
household
s b
e u
sed
Unsort
ed d
om
estic
waste
will
no
t be
used a
s a
ltern
ative f
uel o
r ra
w m
ate
rial.
D
EA
T u
ses e
xam
ple
s o
f countr
ies t
hat
are
ind
ustr
ialis
ed, S
outh
Afr
ica is
not. H
ave p
eop
le b
ee
n tra
ined t
o d
o th
is.
The a
spect of
train
ing
is a
very
import
ant com
pone
nt of
an
y ne
w tech
nolo
gy.
T
he in
dustr
y has m
ade a
com
mitm
ent to
tra
inin
g o
f sta
ff. T
his
is a
techn
olo
gy
used e
xte
nsiv
ely
inte
rnatio
nally
an
d a
larg
e p
ool o
f expert
ise h
as b
een b
uilt
up.
All
the c
em
ent in
dustr
ies b
esid
es P
PC
ha
ve lin
kages to th
e inte
rnationa
l cem
ent in
dustr
y. T
rain
ing a
nd tech
no
log
y tr
ansfe
r is
th
ere
fore
very
easily
achie
ved. T
he “
Guid
elin
e f
or
co-p
rocessin
g o
f altern
ative
fue
ls a
nd
ra
w
mate
rials
and t
reatm
ent of
org
an
ic h
aza
rdous w
aste
s in c
em
ent kiln
s”,
in
clu
des a
section
on t
rain
ing. T
he r
eq
uirem
ent is
to
deve
lop a
tra
inin
g
pro
gra
m a
nd k
eep tra
inin
g r
ecord
s.
South
Afr
ica h
as n
ot be
en a
ble
to m
anag
e d
ust
– h
ow
will
we c
ope
with
burn
ing w
aste
?
The p
erm
it conditi
ons f
or
the m
ajo
rity
of
cem
ent kiln
s p
erm
itted in
the c
ountr
y allo
ws d
ust
em
issio
ns o
f 120m
g/m
3 w
hic
h in r
ela
tio
n to inte
rnation
al
sta
ndard
s,
is r
ela
tive
ly lenie
nt. S
ho
uld
a c
em
ent kiln
wis
h to c
o-p
rocess
ha
zard
ous w
aste
, em
issio
n li
mits
whic
h m
eet in
tern
ationa
l sta
ndard
are
bein
g p
ropose
d. T
he e
mis
sion s
tand
ard
s b
ein
g p
rop
osed f
or
co-p
rocessin
g
of
AF
R’s
als
o r
eq
uire o
n-l
ine m
onito
rin
g o
f a n
um
ber
of para
mete
rs, and
exte
rnal au
ditin
g. T
hese r
equirem
ents
be
ing t
he m
onitoring o
f em
issio
ns to
leve
ls w
hic
h e
qu
al th
ose
ap
plie
d inte
rnation
ally
. C
ann
ot com
pare
SA
to ind
ustr
ialis
ed c
ountr
ies
South
Afr
ica h
as a
lon
g h
isto
ry o
f cem
ent pro
duction.
The k
ilns in th
e c
oun
try
are
a m
ixtu
re o
f old
an
d v
ery
ne
w tech
no
log
y. T
he k
iln t
echno
log
y undert
aken a
s p
art
of
the p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess c
onclu
ded t
hat “a
ll of
the k
ilns v
isited w
ou
ld f
rom
a techn
ical sta
nd
po
int
be a
ble
to c
o-p
rocess
AF
Rs a
nd tre
at
ha
zard
ous w
aste
”. T
here
are
ho
we
ver
qua
lifie
rs in term
s o
f appro
priate
tra
inin
g a
nd s
yste
ms d
eve
lopm
ent.
There
is p
oor
enfo
rcem
ent of
the la
w, th
e s
choo
l in
Po
rt S
he
psto
ne c
lose
d
do
wn b
ecause
the
cem
ent com
pan
y w
as n
ot fu
nctio
nin
g a
ccord
ing t
o its
perm
it
NP
C h
ave b
een
requ
este
d t
o r
espon
d to
th
is is
sue s
pe
cific
ally
as a
n
adde
ndum
to th
e E
IA s
cop
ing r
ep
ort
for
consid
era
tion o
f th
e p
rovi
ncia
l auth
ority
in th
eir d
ecis
ion m
akin
g.
Incin
era
tion is too c
om
plic
ate
d f
or
SA
In
cin
era
tion is a
tech
no
log
y used f
or
man
y ye
ars
in S
outh
Afr
ica
Tyr
e b
urn
ing w
as tried
in L
ichte
nb
urg
and t
hre
e w
ork
ers
becam
e il
l. If
th
ere
are
these
case s
tud
ies w
hy
do w
e s
till
want
to b
urn
tyr
es
This
issue w
as r
ais
ed w
ith L
afa
rge th
ey
confirm
ed that
a tra
il usin
g t
yres in
their c
em
ent kiln
in L
ichte
nburg
was u
nd
ert
aken, th
ey
were
ho
we
ver
una
ware
of
an
y cases o
f ill
ness a
ssocia
ted
with th
e tri
al. T
he
y in
dic
ate
d th
at n
o
incid
ents
were
rep
ort
ed t
hro
ugh
out
the t
ria
l.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
59
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
We a
re e
xperiencin
g lo
ad s
hedd
ing,
wh
at
will
happ
en
under
unset
conditio
ns
Inte
rna
tiona
lly a
s p
art
of
the s
afe
ty f
eatu
res r
equ
ired f
or
kiln
s u
tilis
ing
ha
zard
ous w
aste
measure
s m
ust be in
pla
ce t
o s
top
th
e f
eed o
f w
aste
im
media
tely
a p
rob
lem
is e
ncounte
red.
Sh
ould
th
is t
echno
log
y b
e p
erm
itted
in S
outh
Afr
ica the s
am
e p
recautions w
ill b
e r
equ
ired
.
What w
ill h
appe
n if
the
com
munity
do n
ot
wan
t th
e c
em
ent
ind
ustr
y to
burn
w
aste
will
it s
till g
o a
hea
d
The d
ecis
ion to a
llow
or
no
t th
e b
urn
ing o
f w
aste
will
re
st w
ith t
he P
rovi
ncia
l E
nvi
ronm
enta
l De
part
ment and t
he C
hie
f D
irecto
rate
Air Q
ualit
y a
nd C
limate
change
. T
he p
rocess f
or
de
cis
ion m
akin
g w
ill d
epe
nd
on the
info
rmatio
n
pro
vid
ed w
hic
h inclu
des a
deta
iled r
evi
ew
of
ho
w th
e issues that In
tere
ste
d
and A
ffecte
d p
art
ies h
ave
rais
ed h
ave
bee
n c
onsid
ere
d, ad
dre
ss a
nd
/or
managed. T
he in
form
atio
n c
onsid
ere
d b
y th
e a
uth
orisin
g a
uth
ori
ty a
nd th
e
reasons f
or
a d
ecis
ion n
ee
d to b
e c
learl
y in
dic
ate
d in t
he r
ecord
of
decis
ion.
Sho
uld
eith
er
part
y be
ag
grie
ved a
n a
pp
ea
l pro
cess is a
lso p
rovid
ed f
or.
In
term
s o
f m
onito
ring o
f e
mis
sio
ns, do
es N
PC
ha
ve e
xpert
ise t
o m
onito
r
Sho
uld
an
y of
the c
urr
ent kiln
s in S
outh
Afr
ica b
e p
erm
itted t
o a
ccept
AF
R’s
, th
e p
ropose
d e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s tha
t w
ould
be
wou
ld r
equ
ire th
e o
n-lin
e
monito
ring o
f m
an
y p
ara
mete
rs. A
s s
uch th
e e
mis
sio
n m
onito
ring w
ou
ld b
e
larg
ely
mechanis
ed. In
add
itio
n w
here
para
mete
rs a
re n
ot m
onito
red o
n lin
e,
the m
onito
ring w
ill b
e r
eq
uir
ed to
be u
nd
ert
aken b
y in
depen
den
tly
air q
ualit
y m
onito
ring e
xpert
s.
Can N
PC
burn
an
y ty
pe o
f w
aste
as a
n a
ltern
ative
fuel
Not a
ll ty
pes o
f w
aste
are
suita
ble
for
co-p
rocessin
g,
in a
dd
ition s
hould
th
is
techno
log
y be a
ppro
ved f
or
use in th
e c
oun
try,
on
ly w
aste
that
has a
n e
nerg
y or
raw
mate
rial ad
vanta
ge w
ill b
e c
onsid
ere
d f
or
co
-pro
cessin
g.
What is
the c
om
muniti
es in
volv
em
ent in
term
s o
f A
FR
’s h
ow
do th
ey
get
inclu
ded
in the
po
licy
itself
Thro
ugh the
po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess D
EA
T e
nga
ged
with
um
bre
lla
org
an
isations, th
e p
olic
y on
ce d
raft
ed w
ill b
e g
aze
tted f
or
pub
lic c
om
ment.
DE
AT
will
ensure
that
all
Inte
reste
d a
nd A
ffecte
d p
ari
ties w
ho h
ave
been
conta
cte
d thro
ugh t
his
pro
cess w
ill b
e in
form
ed o
f th
e a
vaila
bili
ty o
f th
e d
raft
polic
y.
What is
the c
om
pan
y go
ing
to d
o w
ith its
ow
n w
aste
This
questio
n h
as b
ee
n p
osed to
cem
ent in
dustr
ies e
ngage
d thro
ug
h th
e
com
munity
consu
ltatio
ns.
Ho
w w
ill th
e c
om
pan
y con
trib
ute
in r
ed
ucin
g w
aste
ge
nera
lly-
in h
ouseh
old
s
in p
art
icu
lar?
The a
ctiv
ity
of
co-p
rocessin
g a
ltho
ugh n
ot re
ducin
g t
he
pro
duction o
f w
aste
w
ill r
ed
uce th
e w
aste
th
at is
lan
dfille
d.
Co-p
rocessin
g w
ill h
ow
eve
r n
ot h
ave
an
y im
pact on h
ouseh
old
waste
as th
is w
aste
is n
ot suitable
for
co-
pro
cessin
g.
Is D
EA
T g
oin
g t
o r
ally
in o
ld d
ata
to
supp
ort
th
e p
olic
y
Thro
ugh the
po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess e
xte
nsiv
e r
esearc
h w
as
undert
aken.
There
is a
case w
here
the E
IA r
ais
ed
a b
ou
ndary
issu
e, an
d th
e c
em
ent
com
pan
y has n
ot re
solv
ed t
he m
atter
to d
ate
.
This
com
ment re
late
s to t
he s
chool th
at
was c
losed a
nd to
wh
ich th
e
com
munity
does n
ot h
ave a
ccess to the s
choo
l gro
und
s. T
he in
dustr
y has
been
requ
este
d t
o r
esp
ond t
o th
is is
sue s
pecific
ally
as a
n a
dde
ndum
to the
E
IA s
co
pin
g r
ep
ort
for
consid
era
tio
n o
f th
e p
rovi
ncia
l auth
ori
ty in t
he
ir
decis
ion m
akin
g.
Acknow
ledg
e s
ocia
l is
sues a
nd r
ecom
mend p
eo
ple
must
take is
sues to
NP
C.
Als
o w
ha
teve
r N
PC
is d
oin
g w
ith A
FR
, sto
p u
ntil polic
y is
fin
alis
ed
th
roug
h c
onsu
ltative
pro
cess.
It h
as b
een
agre
ed w
ith the
cem
ent in
dustr
y th
at no
de
cis
ions w
ill b
e m
ade
on E
IA a
pp
lica
tions in
th
e a
bsence o
f th
e p
olic
y sho
uld
the t
imefr
am
e n
ot
exte
nd e
xcessiv
ely
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
60
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Gro
und
work
inte
rpre
ted w
hat th
e N
kosi s
aid
as b
ein
g “
polic
y pro
cess m
ust
sto
p, th
en c
onsult,
the
n c
on
tinu
e”.
T
he N
kosi r
esponded a
s f
ollo
ws: “R
ecom
mendation t
hat com
pan
y m
ust
sto
p a
ny
pro
cess o
n A
FR
, le
t go
vern
ment contin
ue t
o f
ina
lise p
olic
y pro
cess
and c
ontinue c
onsultation w
ith c
om
muniti
es”.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y is
not
curr
ently
co-p
rocessin
g h
azard
ous w
aste
oth
er
than t
hat
alre
ad
y p
erm
itted.
What w
as b
ein
g p
ropose
d is n
ot
wro
ng b
ut
we m
ust be c
are
ful.
Want to
see
govern
ment settin
g v
ery
hig
h s
tan
dard
s.
Als
o w
ant
to s
ee in
dep
end
ent
monito
ring.
Em
issio
n s
tandard
wh
ich m
eet
inte
rnation
al s
tandard
s h
ave b
een p
rop
osed
should
th
is techn
olo
gy
be a
ccepte
d,
in a
dd
ition o
n lin
e m
onito
ring w
ill b
e
require
d.
Need m
ore
tha
n a
da
y to
consid
er
the issues.
The E
IA p
rocess h
as b
een d
esig
ned t
o a
llow
for
part
icip
ation o
f in
tere
ste
d
and a
ffecte
d p
art
ies into
an
y pro
ject th
at
has th
e p
ote
ntia
l to n
eg
ative
ly
impact on the
ir h
ealth o
r w
ell
be
ing
. T
he E
IA p
rocesse
s a
t each k
iln tha
t ha
ve
app
lied to
co-p
rocess A
FR
’s h
ave b
een in
itiate
d a
nd
are
ong
oin
g.
Need t
o p
ostp
one t
he m
eetin
g a
nd
set a
noth
er
da
te.
The d
raft
polic
y w
ill b
e p
ublis
hed in t
he g
ove
rnm
ent ga
zett
e a
nd p
oste
d o
n
the w
ebsite f
or
a 3
0 d
ay
pe
riod t
o a
llow
for
furt
her
pub
lic c
om
ment. T
he
lea
ders
of
the c
om
munity
as id
en
tifie
d thro
ugh t
he s
takeho
lder
meetin
g h
as
been
notified d
irectly
an
d th
ey
are
req
ueste
d to c
om
munity
mem
bers
becam
e
aw
are
of
the a
vaila
bili
ty o
f th
e d
ocum
ent. I&
AP
’s a
re e
ncoura
ged t
o c
om
ment
on th
e d
raft
po
licy
and p
ut fo
rward
an
y outs
tand
ing
matters
.
In a
dditio
n, th
e E
IA p
rocess s
hould
be u
sed
to r
ais
e a
dditio
nal is
sues o
f a
more
site
rela
ted n
atu
re.
Not in
tere
ste
d in t
he d
iscussio
n o
n th
e p
olic
y, w
ant
to d
iscuss the issue o
f jo
bs
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y has c
om
mitt
ed to m
eetin
g w
ith c
om
munity
leaders
to
dis
cuss the issue o
f jo
bs.
In h
igh p
riori
ty a
reas,
nee
d t
o m
anage ind
ustr
y e
ntr
ant
so that
air e
mis
sio
ns
are
not
exceed
ed in t
he f
irst pla
ce r
equ
irin
g h
igh p
riority
are
a d
ecla
ration
.
Not a
ll of
SA
has p
roble
matic
air-s
hed
, a
lso s
om
etim
es
the p
roble
ms a
re
his
torica
l, w
hic
h c
an o
nly
be a
ddre
ssed r
etr
osp
ective
ly thro
ug
h th
e
decla
ratio
n o
f priori
ty a
reas a
nd t
he d
eve
lopm
ent of
are
a s
pecific
air q
ualit
y pla
ns.
W
hat about
inclu
din
g n
ece
ssary
pro
vis
ions in
ID
Ps o
f develo
pm
ent hots
pots
w
here
ne
w ind
ustr
y d
eve
lopm
ents
want
to c
om
e in
Air Q
ualit
y M
onitorin
g p
lans a
re r
eq
uire
d f
rom
munic
ipa
litie
s in term
s o
f th
e
Nationa
l E
nvi
ronm
ent
Air Q
ualit
y A
ct
G
rou
nd
wo
rk
W
hat els
e c
an b
e d
one
with m
unic
ipa
l w
aste
T
he p
olic
y o
n th
e u
se o
f co-p
rocessin
g A
FR
’s d
oes n
ot dea
l w
ith m
unic
ipal
waste
but ra
ther
focuses o
n the
ha
zard
ous w
aste
str
eam
. Larg
e p
ort
ions o
f th
e M
un
icip
al w
aste
str
eam
can h
ow
eve
r b
e r
ecyc
led,
and s
epara
te initia
tives
are
on
go
ing w
ithin
DE
AT
to
addre
ss v
ario
us w
aste
ste
am
s in
clu
din
g th
e
Mun
icip
al w
aste
str
eam
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
61
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Is it
not tr
ue
tha
t C
O2 c
om
es f
rom
the li
mesto
ne c
on
vers
ion
The c
alc
ination p
rocess w
hic
h i
s a
n i
nitia
l re
action o
f th
e f
eed m
ate
rial
with
heat
inte
nds t
o d
issocia
te t
he
Carb
on D
ioxid
e C
O2 f
rom
the l
ime C
aC
O3.
There
fore
the n
atu
re o
f th
e c
hem
ical pro
cess t
hat
is r
equ
ired t
o m
ake c
linker
pro
duces l
arg
e q
ua
ntit
ies o
f C
O2 e
mis
sio
ns.
CO
2 r
esulti
ng f
rom
calc
ination
can b
e i
nflue
nced t
o a
very
lim
ited e
xte
nt
only
. A
s a
rule
of
thum
b 6
0%
of
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns a
re p
rod
uce
d f
rom
the c
alc
inations p
rocess a
nd 4
0%
fro
m t
he
fuel c
om
bustio
n p
rocess.
Fuel com
bustio
n in c
em
ent pro
duction h
as g
enera
lly b
een r
educe
d d
ue t
o t
he
str
ong e
co
nom
ic i
nce
ntive
for
the
cem
ent
industr
y to
min
imis
e f
uel
energ
y consum
ptio
n.
In E
uro
pe w
here
energ
y costs
are
hig
h a
reductio
n o
f 30%
in
CO
2 e
mis
sio
n h
as b
ee
n a
chie
ved o
ver
the p
ast
25 y
ears
due t
o im
pro
ving
th
e
fuel
eff
icie
ncy
of
kiln
s.
Furt
her
reductions
can
no
w
main
ly
be
made
in
substit
utin
g f
uel b
y re
ne
wa
ble
alte
rnatives o
r oth
er
wa
ste
deri
ved f
ue
ls w
hic
h
reduce t
he o
vera
ll carb
on f
ootp
rint, a
s t
he f
uel
is a
waste
and b
y re
co
veri
ng
th
e
energ
y re
duces
the
nee
d
for
lan
dfill
wh
ich
pro
duces
meth
ane
(a
gre
en
house
gas
contr
ibuting
sig
nific
antly
to
clim
ate
change)
avo
ids
the
em
issio
ns c
reate
d f
rom
coal
burn
ing a
nd r
educes t
he n
eed t
o m
ine c
oal,
there
fore
contr
ibutin
g to t
he
reduction o
f C
O2 e
mis
sio
ns.
E
xpla
in t
o p
eo
ple
ho
w p
rocess w
ill h
elp
in m
anag
ing
genera
l w
aste
?
T
he u
se o
f A
FR
’s in c
em
ent kiln
s w
ill n
ot u
tilis
e g
en
era
l w
aste
. O
ne w
aste
str
eam
that w
ould
be s
uitab
le b
ut
will
only
be c
onsid
ere
d f
or
co-p
rocessin
g
should
th
is techn
olo
gy
be f
ound
to b
e a
ccep
tab
le is p
lastic
waste
, as th
is
mate
rial h
as a
hig
h c
alo
rific v
alu
e.
As m
entio
ne
d a
bove D
EA
T h
as e
mbark
ed o
n o
ther
initia
tives to p
rom
ote
th
e
recyc
ling o
f vario
us w
aste
ste
am
s in
clu
din
g g
en
era
l w
aste
. G
loba
l w
arm
ing –
GH
G f
rom
org
anic
waste
, h
ow
much d
oes o
rga
nic
fra
ctio
n
make u
p?
Pre
limin
ary
fig
ure
s w
hic
h h
ave
be
en t
aken f
rom
the d
raft
GH
G in
vento
ry
pre
pare
d in 1
996 in
dic
ate
that m
ore
than 2
% o
f S
A’s
gre
enh
ouse g
ases a
re
genera
ted
thro
ugh la
nd-f
illin
g o
f w
aste
.
In a
dditio
n it
is e
stim
ate
d th
at ap
pro
xim
ate
ly 1
% o
f S
ou
th A
fric
a’s
gre
en
house g
ases f
ootp
rint
is c
ontr
ibute
d b
y th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y, o
f w
hic
h
40%
is a
ttri
bute
d f
uel use.
Substitu
tions t
hat re
duce C
O2 e
mis
sio
ns e
ither
directly
by
ch
ang
e o
f fu
el f
rom
coal o
r in
directly
from
the r
ed
uctio
n o
f ele
ctr
icity
use o
f m
inin
g w
ill h
ave
a f
urt
her
positiv
e im
pact on S
ou
th A
fric
a’s
curr
ent carb
on
footp
rin
t.
The p
resenta
tion
indic
ate
d t
hat
ele
ctr
icity
cou
ld b
e g
en
era
ted,
wou
ld the
com
muniti
es b
e a
ble
to b
en
efit
South
Afr
ica is
curr
ently
experie
ncin
g a
n e
nerg
y short
age,
whic
h w
ill c
ontinu
e
for
a f
ew
ye
ars
. A
ny
ad
ditio
nal energ
y th
at
can b
e g
en
era
ted a
nd f
ed to t
he
grid w
ou
ld b
e b
eneficia
l to a
ll of
Sou
th A
fric
a’s
citi
zens.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
62
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
The p
resenta
tion
indic
ate
s t
hat th
ese t
echno
logie
s im
pact positiv
ely
on
gre
en
house g
as e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
the u
se o
f org
an
ic w
aste
s, ho
we
ver
cem
ent
kiln
s a
re n
ot
go
od f
or
use o
f org
anic
waste
ste
am
s, th
ere
fore
wh
at are
oth
er
options f
or
org
an
ic w
aste
typ
es
Dom
estic
is n
ot in
tende
d to
be c
o-p
rocessed in c
em
en
t kiln
s, th
is is tru
e a
lso
for
the o
rga
nic
fra
ctio
n o
f th
is w
aste
str
eam
. T
he p
resenta
tion d
iscussed t
he
incin
era
tion o
f dom
estic
wa
ste
fro
m v
olu
me r
eductio
n a
nd t
hen
usin
g th
e o
ff
gases d
eri
ved f
rom
the in
cin
era
tion p
rocess f
or
the g
enera
tion o
f ele
ctr
icity.
H
aza
rdous o
rgan
ic w
aste
is a
defin
ite t
arg
et fo
r co-p
rocessin
g a
s th
ese
waste
s u
sua
lly h
ave a
hig
h c
alo
rific v
alu
e.
What oth
er
op
tions a
re t
here
for
dis
posin
g o
f w
aste
tyr
es
As p
art
of
the G
uid
elin
es p
roduced
to s
upport
the B
ase
l Co
nvention a
te
chnic
al g
uid
elin
es o
n e
nvi
ronm
enta
lly s
ou
nd m
anag
em
ent of
used t
yres f
or
the d
isposa
l of
waste
tyr
es h
as b
een p
roduce
d. A
pp
en
dix
III p
rovid
es a
lis
t of
the v
ari
ous u
se
d a
nd d
ispo
sal m
eth
ods f
or
waste
tyr
es a
nd p
rovid
es a
lis
t of
advanta
ges a
nd d
isa
dvanta
ges o
f each t
echno
log
y. T
he d
ocum
ent do
es n
ot
ide
ntif
y a p
refe
rred o
ption f
or
the d
isposal of
tyre
s. T
he g
uid
elin
e c
an b
e
sourc
ed f
rom
the w
ebsite
ww
w.b
ase
l.int
It is
note
d tha
t th
e c
oa
l usa
ge f
or
the c
em
ent in
dustr
y is
5 to 6
mill
ion to
ns
per
an
num
. W
ho w
ou
ld b
en
efit fr
om
the s
avi
ngs d
eri
ve
d b
y th
e c
em
ent
ind
ustr
y utilis
ing w
aste
for
fuel. A
re jo
bs g
oin
g t
o b
e c
reate
d?
The c
itize
ns o
f S
outh
Afr
ica a
nd t
he w
orl
d w
ould
be
nefit fr
om
reduced
resourc
e u
sage
an
d im
pact on g
lobal clim
ate
chan
ge.
Job o
pport
unitie
s w
ould
be
cre
ate
d t
hro
ug
h th
e p
rep
ari
ng o
n a
ltern
ative
s
fuels
and t
he n
ew
infr
astr
uctu
re th
at
wo
uld
be r
equ
ired
to c
olle
ct a
nd
transport
larg
e n
um
bers
of
tyre
s thro
ugh
out
the c
ountr
y. T
hese a
ctiviti
es a
re
both
ne
w a
ctivi
ties.
DE
AT
em
plo
yed p
eop
le t
o a
dvis
e t
hem
who
tra
vel aro
und t
he w
orld
pro
motin
g th
e tech
nolo
gie
s. W
hy
ch
oose t
hese p
eop
le to te
ll us w
hat to
do
with
our
waste
When c
onsid
eri
ng a
po
tential t
echno
log
y it
is u
sua
lly b
est to
ide
ntif
y th
e b
est
expert
s in
the w
orl
d to a
dvi
se o
n t
he t
echno
log
y. T
he N
GO
move
ment has
als
o e
mplo
yed
an e
xpert
who h
as p
revio
usly
repre
se
nte
d t
he N
GO
m
ove
ment in
fig
hting incin
era
tion
. It is there
fore
felt
tha
t a g
ood b
ala
nce h
as
been
stu
ck w
ith b
oth
vie
s o
n techn
olo
gy
repre
se
nte
d.
A d
ecis
ion w
ill b
e
made o
nly
aft
er
a f
ull
consid
era
tion o
f all
inputs
.
Is the S
A k
iln a
ssessm
ent ava
ilab
le e
lectr
onic
ally
T
he d
ocum
ent has b
ee
n c
ircula
ted to
all
sta
kehold
ers
.
DE
AT
is a
cceptin
g lesser
sta
ndard
s, old
and n
ew
tech
nolo
gie
s. S
hou
ld n
ot
have d
oub
le s
tand
ard
s
In p
rop
osin
g e
mis
sio
n s
tan
dard
s to w
hic
h f
acili
ties c
o-p
rocessin
g w
aste
should
op
era
ted in o
rder
to b
e c
onsid
ere
d a
ccepta
ble
, D
EA
T h
as f
ollo
win
g
best in
tern
ationa
l pra
ctice.
The p
hase in o
f str
icte
r re
quirem
ents
is r
equ
ired
to a
llow
th
e industr
y to
upgra
de t
echno
logie
s to m
eet th
e n
ew
req
uirem
ents
. N
oting t
hat th
e r
equ
irem
ents
pro
posed a
re v
ery
much s
tric
ter
than
wha
t is
curr
ently
in p
lace t
o m
anag
e the
cem
ent in
dustr
y, t
he p
hase in p
eri
od is
regard
ed a
s b
ein
g s
tric
t.
It s
hou
ld a
lso b
e n
ote
d th
at
should
th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y be g
iven p
erm
issio
n
to c
o-p
rocess h
aza
rdous w
aste
imm
edia
te im
pro
vem
ents
in o
pera
tiona
l and
em
issio
ns a
re b
ein
g r
equ
ired.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
63
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Don’t r
un h
ea
dlo
ng into
it, w
hy
is D
EA
T n
ot p
lann
ing t
o p
reve
nt
ha
zard
ous
waste
D
EA
T h
as s
eve
ral o
ther
initia
tives in
pla
ce w
hic
h b
eg
in to a
ddre
ss w
aste
pre
vention. T
hese a
re long
term
pro
cesses, in
the m
eantim
e a
ltern
ative
dis
posa
l meth
ods to la
ndfill
must be c
onsid
ere
d to e
nsure
safe
and
environm
enta
lly s
ou
nd m
anagem
ent of
ha
zard
ous w
aste
can b
e a
ch
ieve
d to
pro
tect th
e e
nvironm
ent an
d to e
nsure
that
So
uth
Afr
ican industr
y can
com
pete
glo
bally
in
rela
tion
to th
eir w
aste
managem
ent re
sponsib
ilities.
What is
the g
overn
ment pro
posin
g in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
reen levy
on t
yres
The t
yre levy
has b
een d
ete
rmin
ed b
y th
e in
dustr
y. G
ove
rnm
ent h
as m
ere
ly
regula
ted th
at a
ny
com
pan
y in
volv
ed in th
e t
yre industr
y m
ust have
an
ind
ustr
y w
aste
managem
ent pla
n w
hic
h h
as b
een a
ppro
ved b
y th
e M
inis
ter
in
pla
ce t
o e
nsure
the s
afe
an
d e
nvi
ronm
enta
lly s
ound
dis
posal o
f w
aste
tyr
es.
If D
EA
T d
oes n
ot com
e b
ack then c
annot
de
velo
p th
e p
olic
y – h
ave
n’t
respond
ed t
o th
e is
sues
It is
not p
ossib
le f
or
DE
AT
to r
espon
d to m
an
y of
the issues a
s the
y are
re
late
d to
socia
l respo
nsib
ility
an
d e
mplo
ymen
t. T
hese
issues h
as b
een
fo
rmally
ra
ised w
ith e
ither
the c
em
ent com
pan
y dir
ectly
involv
ed, th
e c
em
ent
ind
ustr
y as a
wh
ole
, th
e r
espective
go
vern
ment de
part
ment w
here
the
issue
rela
ted to
a m
atter
outs
ide o
f th
e m
andate
of
DE
AT
, or
where
the issue c
an
be a
ddre
ssed b
y D
EA
T this
wou
ld b
e d
one a
nd f
eedb
ack w
ou
ld b
e m
ade to
com
munity
lea
ders
identifie
d thro
ugh t
hese m
eetin
gs f
or
com
munic
atio
n b
ack
to c
om
munity
sta
kehold
ers
.
Sta
ndard
se
ttin
g p
rocess s
till u
nder
revi
ew
try
ing to
un
ders
tand s
tand
ard
s,
what ca
n industr
ies c
om
ply
with
, w
hat can
’t th
ey
com
ply
with.
Lookin
g a
t in
tern
ation
al s
tandard
s,
with tra
nsitio
na
l arr
an
gem
ents
, up t
o 2
020 –
is it
accepta
ble
to w
ait
until t
he
n. A
lso n
ew
and o
ld p
lants
, w
hy
this
dis
tinctio
n?
EU
& W
HO
has tra
nsiti
on
al perio
ds. N
eed lea
d t
ime f
or
industr
ies to c
om
ply
. Larg
e c
onstr
uctio
ns to c
om
ply
with n
ew
sta
ndard
s.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
64
OF
86
24.
Lic
hte
nb
urg
Co
mm
un
ity M
eeti
ng
; 19/0
4/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Has the p
olic
y alr
ead
y b
ee
n d
eve
lop
ed
Althou
gh t
he inte
ntion is to d
evelo
p a
po
licy,
no p
olic
y has b
een d
evelo
pe
d to
date
. T
he p
olic
y w
ill o
nly
be
de
velo
pe
d o
nce a
ll th
e c
om
ments
have
bee
n
consid
ere
d.
Concern
s w
ere
rais
ed a
bou
t th
e e
xte
nt
of
consultation,
there
are
are
as
aro
un
d L
ichte
nburg
where
work
ers
com
e fro
m w
ho a
re a
ffecte
d the
y are
not
repre
sente
d. W
ould
wan
t to
see o
ffic
ials
fro
m lo
cal g
overn
ment
Every
attem
pt w
as m
ade to
invi
te a
ll sta
kehold
ers
. T
he N
GO
netw
ork
was
als
o in
vite
d a
nd r
equeste
d t
o id
entify
sta
kehold
ers
to a
ttend. W
here
tra
nsport
w
as r
equ
ired D
EA
T r
equeste
d ind
ustr
y to
pro
vide tra
nsport
. T
ransport
was
pro
vid
ed to c
om
munity
mem
bers
where
th
is w
as r
eq
ueste
d.
Local
Gove
rnm
ent off
icia
ls w
ere
invite
d a
nd th
ere
are
Cou
ncill
ors
repre
sen
ted a
t th
e m
eetin
g.
The c
om
munity
mem
bers
were
not
invite
d to t
he m
eeting, th
ey
he
ard
abou
t th
e m
eetin
g f
rom
Gro
und
work
. H
ow
were
pe
op
le in
vite
d?
The m
eetin
g w
as a
dve
rtis
ed in
the
loca
l ne
wspa
per,
Councill
ors
who
repre
sent th
eir c
om
muniti
es w
ere
invite
d a
nd ind
ivid
ual in
vita
tions w
ere
sent
to a
ll sta
keho
lders
wh
o w
ere
identified o
n t
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y data
bases in
the a
rea. In
ad
ditio
n th
e c
onsulta
nts
cond
uctin
g th
e E
IA c
onsu
ltatio
n p
rocess
were
als
o c
onta
cte
d a
nd
th
eir d
ata
bases o
f sta
kehold
ers
requeste
d.
Repre
sen
tation w
as r
eq
ueste
d f
rom
Local G
ove
rnm
ent, the D
ep
art
ment of
Health,
Lab
our,
DW
AF
and
DM
E. In
add
itio
n G
round
work
was r
equeste
d t
o
invi
te c
om
munity
mem
bers
that th
ey
knew
wou
ld b
e inte
reste
d in a
tte
ndin
g.
Once the in
itial in
vita
tions w
ere
sent
out,
each
sta
kehold
er
was c
alle
d a
nd
confirm
atio
n o
f th
eir a
tten
dance r
eq
ueste
d.
There
are
oth
er
go
vern
men
t dep
art
ments
, w
ho h
ave a
sta
ke o
n the issues,
who a
re s
upp
osed t
o a
tten
d the
meetin
g,
like the
Dep
art
ment of
Labour
and
Health,
where
are
th
ey?
Both
the
Dep
art
ment of
La
bour
and t
he D
epart
ment of
Hea
lth w
ere
in
vite
d t
o
atten
d th
e m
eetin
g.
All
matters
that re
late
to t
he
mandate
of
these t
wo d
ep
art
ments
has b
een
addre
ssed t
o t
hem
, and th
ey
have b
een r
equeste
d t
o r
espond
dir
ectly
to
com
munity
repre
senta
tive
s.
Lin
es o
f com
munic
atio
n m
ust be e
sta
blis
hed
. D
ocum
ents
and
/or
info
rmatio
n
could
ha
ve b
ee
n c
ircula
ted
befo
re h
and t
o a
llow
pe
op
le to t
hin
k a
nd
str
ate
gis
e a
bout
issues.
Where
docum
ents
were
re
queste
d th
ese w
ere
pro
vid
ed.
All
ou
tputs
of
the
pro
ject to
date
ha
ve b
ee
n m
ade a
vaila
ble
to t
he N
GO
gro
ups a
tten
din
g t
he
polic
y de
velo
pm
ent m
eetin
gs.
Reso
luti
on
of
foru
m:
W
ant a c
lear
exp
lanation t
o g
ove
rnm
ent in
term
s o
f crite
ria u
se
d to
monito
r com
panie
s t
o e
nsure
th
at socia
l re
sponsib
ility
pro
vid
ed
by
cem
ent in
dustr
y to
com
muniti
es is
adeq
uate
.
Gove
rnm
ent do
es n
ot
monito
r socia
l re
sponsib
ility
in
itia
tive
s o
f in
dustr
y.
Com
munic
atio
n b
etw
een t
he c
om
munity
an
d th
e industr
y shou
ld b
e
enha
nced t
o a
ddre
ss these
issues. T
he m
atter
has b
een r
ais
ed in a
letter
addre
ssed t
o t
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y a
nd t
he
y h
ave b
een r
equeste
d to r
espon
d
directly
to c
om
munity
lead
ers
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
65
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Eng
age o
urs
elv
es b
efo
re th
e p
olic
y is
adop
ted f
or
an e
xchange o
f m
inds
abou
t w
here
th
is is
opera
tin
g n
atio
nally
an
d inte
rnation
ally
. W
ant to
be
giv
en
a c
hance t
o g
o th
ere
and e
xchange w
ith o
ther
com
munitie
s
DE
AT
is n
ot in
th
e p
ositi
on t
o o
rga
nis
e v
isits
to
countr
ies w
here
co-
pro
cessin
g is b
ein
g u
ndert
aken, ho
we
ver
the p
rese
nta
tion p
rovid
ed m
an
y exam
ple
s. T
he p
resenta
tio
n c
ould
be m
ade a
vaila
ble
to c
om
munity
repre
senta
tive
s.
Once the d
raft
polic
y has b
een d
eve
lope
d,
it w
ill b
e g
aze
tted a
nd t
here
will
be
a p
eri
od o
f 30 d
ays
in w
hic
h f
urt
her
inputs
can
be m
ad
e w
hic
h w
ill b
e
consid
ere
d b
efo
re f
inalis
ation.
Requ
est th
e p
riva
te s
ecto
r w
ho w
ill u
se t
his
techn
olo
gy
to p
rop
ose a
pla
nt
em
plo
yment e
qu
ity
pla
n.
Skill
ed a
nd u
nskill
ed to g
et ra
te o
f em
plo
ymen
t
This
matter
has b
een r
ais
ed w
ith th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y and t
he
y h
ave b
een
requeste
d to r
espon
d d
irectly
to c
om
munity
lea
ders
with r
espect to
em
plo
yment
issues.
Not g
oin
g to
part
icip
ate
no
w,
wan
t th
e m
eetin
g t
o b
e p
ostp
on
ed
The p
olic
y w
ill b
e d
raft
ed o
n the
basis
of
com
ments
pro
vid
ed to d
ate
. T
he
com
ments
of
this
meetin
g w
ill a
lso b
e c
onsid
ere
d. O
nce the d
raft
polic
y has
been
de
velo
ped it
will
be g
aze
tted
an
d a
n a
dditio
na
l p
eriod o
f 30 d
ays
will
be
allo
we
d f
or
add
itiona
l in
puts
to b
e m
ade b
efo
re f
inalis
atio
n.
There
must be a
n e
xpla
nation o
n is
sues o
f socia
l resp
onsib
ility
. H
ave
thre
e
com
muniti
es. W
ant to
see a
tra
inin
g p
olic
y, it
will
not
work
for
industr
y to
m
ake p
rofits
and n
ot
giv
e b
ack to the c
om
munity
Althou
gh r
epre
senta
tive
s o
f th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y lo
ca
ted in
the
are
a a
re
pre
sent a
t th
e m
eetin
g a
nd
would
have b
een a
ble
to a
ddre
ss the c
om
munity
mem
bers
directly.
The is
su
es o
f socia
l resp
onsib
ility
have
be
en
com
munic
ate
d f
orm
ally
to
the c
em
ent in
dustr
y.
Want docum
ent fo
r pro
posed p
olic
y, s
o t
hat
som
e w
ill k
now
ab
out
the
backgro
und. W
ant to
recon
ven
e m
eetin
g a
fter
7 w
ork
ing d
ays
A
ll th
e o
utp
uts
of
the p
olic
y develo
pm
ent pro
cess w
ere
sent to
com
munity
who r
eq
ueste
d th
e d
ocum
ents
prior
to th
e m
eetin
g. T
he is
sues r
ais
ed b
y th
e
com
munity
mem
bers
will
se
nt to
the r
ele
vant d
epart
ments
or
the
cem
ent
ind
ustr
y w
here
DE
AT
has n
o m
andate
to
respon
d o
r to
addre
ss th
e is
sues.
Abo
ut d
ust contr
ol t
he D
ep
art
ment m
ust ta
ke s
trong s
teps to inspect
the
pla
nts
to c
heck d
ust
Lim
its f
or
allo
wa
ble
dust e
mis
sio
n f
rom
the v
arious c
em
ent pla
nts
to
the
atm
osphere
are
contr
olle
d in the
Air P
ollu
tion C
ontr
ol L
icences th
at are
is
sued t
o th
e c
om
pan
y th
rough t
he A
ir P
ollu
tion P
reve
ntio
n A
ct.
The
com
panie
s a
re r
eq
uire
d to r
eport
to th
e C
hie
f A
ir P
ollu
tion c
ontr
ol o
ffic
er
on
their m
easure
d e
mis
sio
ns.
T
hro
ugh th
is p
rocess the D
epart
ment has m
ade a
com
mitm
ent to
inspect
all
cem
ent kiln
s in
the c
ountr
y and a
ssess their c
om
plia
nce a
s a
once o
ff a
ctiv
ity
calle
d “
Opera
tio
n C
em
ent”
. T
his
inspection h
as b
een c
arr
ied o
ut
in a
dd
ition
to th
e inspections a
lread
y re
qu
ired.
Sim
ilar
consu
ltatio
n a
rea in
Mafikeng a
rea.
PP
C f
alls
under
Mafikeng s
ub-
regio
n
Thre
e a
reas w
ere
ide
ntified
for
sta
kehold
er
consultatio
n. M
em
bers
of
the
Mafikeng c
om
munity
were
invite
d to a
tte
nd t
his
meetin
g.
Issues o
f tr
ansport
to t
he m
eeting
Tra
nsport
was p
rovid
ed w
here
requ
este
d.
The D
ep
art
ment re
ceiv
ed
tw
o
requests
for
transport
. If
PP
C S
lurr
y ha
ve m
eetin
gs the
y m
ust in
vite
th
e W
ard
Councill
or
This
request has b
ee
n c
om
munic
ate
d to P
PC
, h
ow
eve
r, it
is u
sual pra
ctic
e to
invi
te w
ard
Cou
ncill
ors
to
com
munity
meetings, as t
he
y re
pre
se
nt th
e
com
munity.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
66
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Is there
a c
hance t
o u
se t
yres in
the c
om
munity
diffe
rently
T
he u
se o
f ty
res o
n a
sm
all
scale
to
make m
ats
, shoes a
nd o
ther
second u
se
item
s is
com
mon a
nd is
en
coura
ge
d. H
ow
eve
r, th
ese u
ses h
ave
a lim
ited
mark
et w
hic
h m
eans that
only
sm
all
am
ounts
of
tyre
s c
an b
e u
stils
ed in t
hese
alte
rnative u
ses.
Ple
ase r
efe
r to
th
e B
asel w
eb
site
at
ww
w.b
ase
l .in
t to
gain
access to the t
echn
ical guid
elin
es o
n e
nvironm
enta
lly s
ound m
anagem
ent of
used t
yres f
or
the d
isposa
l of
waste
tyr
es,
whic
h h
as a
list
of
uses o
f ty
res a
s
well
as th
e a
dvanta
ges a
nd
dis
ad
vanta
ges.
Depart
ment is
sen
din
g p
eo
ple
who c
anno
t ta
ke d
ecis
ions
The D
epart
ment has s
ent
a C
hie
f D
irecto
r an
d t
wo D
irecto
rs to th
is m
eetin
g
alo
ng w
ith s
upport
sta
ff. T
his
meetin
g h
ow
ever,
was a
com
munity
sta
kehold
er
meetin
g to h
ea
r th
e is
sues t
hat
the c
om
munity
aro
un
d th
e k
ilns
have w
ith t
he p
roposa
l to c
o-p
rocess A
FR
’s in c
em
ent kiln
s. N
o d
ecis
ions a
re
to b
e m
ade a
t th
is m
eetin
g.
Land
reha
bili
tation –
qu
arr
y peo
ple
are
dro
wn
ing
in the
quarr
y (L
afa
rge)
The is
sue o
f m
ine r
ehab
ilita
tion
has b
een
rais
ed w
ith t
he D
ME
and t
he
y ha
ve
been
requ
este
d t
o r
esp
ond d
irectly
with
the c
om
munity
repre
senta
tive
s.
Want m
inute
s o
f m
eetin
g w
ith p
rincip
les a
bo
ut com
ing b
ack to c
om
munity
The is
sues r
ais
ed h
ave
bee
n c
aptu
red in t
he c
om
ment and r
esp
onses
docum
ent w
hic
h w
ill ide
ntif
y e
ach input
made thro
ug
h t
he c
onsu
ltatio
n
pro
cess. T
he c
om
ments
and r
esponses d
ocum
ent
will
be m
ade a
vaila
ble
on
the w
ebsites o
f D
EA
T (
ww
w.e
nvi
ronm
ent.gov.z
a)
an
d E
nvi
ronm
enta
l S
cie
nce
Associa
tes (
ww
w.e
scie
nce.c
o.z
a).
In
add
ition,
a letter
has b
een b
e w
ritten
to
com
munity
repre
senta
tive
s ide
ntif
ied a
t th
e m
eeting w
hic
h w
ill id
entify
th
e
follo
w u
p a
ctions t
aken to a
ddre
ss the issues r
ais
ed.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
67
OF
86
25.
Po
rt E
lizab
eth
Co
mm
un
ity M
eeti
ng
; 21/0
4/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
The c
om
munity
mem
bers
were
not
invite
d to t
he m
eeting, th
ey
he
ard
abou
t th
e m
eetin
g f
rom
Gro
und
work
. H
ow
were
pe
op
le in
vite
d?
The m
eetin
g w
as a
dve
rtis
ed in
the
loca
l ne
wspa
per,
Councill
ors
who
repre
sent th
eir c
om
muniti
es w
ere
invite
d a
nd ind
ivid
ual in
vita
tions w
ere
sent
to a
ll sta
keho
lders
wh
o w
ere
identified o
n t
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y data
bases in
the a
rea. In
ad
ditio
n th
e c
onsulta
nts
cond
uctin
g th
e E
IA c
onsu
ltatio
n p
rocess
were
als
o c
onta
cte
d a
nd
th
eir d
ata
bases o
f sta
kehold
ers
requeste
d.
Repre
sen
tation w
as r
eq
ueste
d f
rom
Local G
ove
rnm
ent, the D
ep
art
ment of
Health,
Lab
our,
DW
AF
and
DM
E. In
add
itio
n G
round
work
was r
equeste
d t
o
invi
te c
om
munity
mem
bers
that th
ey
knew
wou
ld b
e inte
reste
d in a
tte
ndin
g.
The N
GO
secto
r w
as e
ng
aged w
ith to r
equest
input
on the
ad
vert
isin
g
pro
cess a
nd r
equesting
na
mes o
f sta
kehold
ers
wh
o s
hou
ld b
e invite
d.
Once the in
itial in
vita
tions w
ere
sent
out,
each
sta
kehold
er
was c
alle
d a
nd
confirm
atio
n o
f th
eir a
tten
dance r
eq
ueste
d.
It is
not fa
ir to h
ave
the s
mall
num
ber
of
peop
le a
tte
nd
ing t
he m
eeting o
f such im
port
ance. T
he m
eetin
g s
hou
ld h
ave b
een
a P
ublic
Meetin
g, ta
ken to
where
peo
ple
resid
e, a
nd b
e b
roa
dly
att
en
ded
eve
n b
y th
e p
eo
ple
who
are
directly
aff
ecte
d.
The p
eop
le w
ho a
re m
ost aff
ecte
d b
y th
e p
rop
osed c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
’s in
cem
ent kiln
s a
re th
e p
eop
le w
ho h
ave
been
invite
d t
o a
ttend
th
is m
eetin
g. In
add
ition t
o th
is m
eetin
g a
no
ther
po
licy
develo
pm
ent
consulta
tion p
rocess h
as
been
initia
ted. T
he larg
er
consultation p
rocess w
as a
dve
rtis
ed in a
ll m
ajo
r ne
wspa
pers
an
d p
eop
le w
ho h
ad a
n in
tere
st
in t
he p
roposals
were
req
ueste
d
to r
eg
iste
r an
d b
e p
art
of
the p
rocess.
The lo
cal peo
ple
must be in
volv
ed in t
he p
olic
y fo
rmula
tion
pro
cess.
T
he p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess is
an o
pen
pro
cess.
Sho
uld
pe
op
le w
ish to
be involv
ed th
ey
are
able
to
regis
ter
at a
ny
time. T
his
will
mean that
the
y w
ill
be s
ent
all
outp
uts
of
the p
roje
ct as w
ell
as b
e in
vite
d t
o a
ll sta
kehold
er
meetin
gs. T
he p
rocess is
ho
we
ver
com
ing to a
n e
nd n
ow
.
Sm
oke d
am
ages c
ars
This
com
ment is
note
d a
nd
wou
ld im
pro
ve w
ith s
tric
ter
em
issio
n li
mits
.
What w
as t
he b
uff
er
zone p
olic
y w
ith r
esp
ect to
the locatio
n o
f in
dustr
ies in
re
lation t
o c
om
muniti
es
Zonin
g is
a local go
vern
ment fu
nctio
n. Z
on
ing is
info
rmed thro
ugh t
he
Inte
gra
ted D
eve
lopm
ent P
lann
ing p
rocess. T
his
pro
ce
ss is
open f
or
pu
blic
in
put.
Add
ition
al c
onsid
era
tion is g
iven t
o b
uff
er
zones w
hen p
erm
issio
n is
gra
nte
d
for
a s
pecific
activ
ity
licence. U
sua
lly w
hat
is r
equ
ired
is a
air d
ispers
ion
model a
nd t
he
n a
hea
lth r
isk a
ssess
ment. T
his
is d
one
to e
nsure
th
at th
e
em
issio
n that
are
expecte
d t
o b
e e
mitt
ed d
o n
ot excee
d lim
its w
hic
h c
ou
ld
advers
ely
aff
ect th
e h
ealth o
f th
e c
om
munity
surr
oun
din
g th
e p
lan
t.
The c
om
munity
was s
uff
ering f
rom
a h
igh r
ate
of
sin
us p
roble
ms a
nd T
B.
There
was a
req
uest fo
r go
vern
ment to
com
e h
ouse t
o h
ouse t
o s
ee
wha
t th
e c
om
munity
is e
xperi
encin
g
This
com
ment is
note
d a
nd
has b
een r
ela
yed to t
he lo
cal m
unic
ipa
lity
for
the
ir
consid
era
tion.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
68
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
The c
om
munity
can
not
get
uplif
tment beca
use o
f P
PC
. W
ant P
PC
to m
ove
out of
the a
rea
This
matter
cannot
be a
ddre
ssed a
t th
e p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess,
ho
we
ver,
the c
oncern
has b
een
taken u
p w
ith th
e loca
l munic
ipa
lity
and t
he
pro
vin
cia
l auth
ority
who w
ill a
ssess the E
IA a
pp
licatio
n.
This
has b
ee
n c
alle
d a
polic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess,
but it
soun
ds li
ke a
re-
wri
te o
f E
uro
pean P
olic
ies.
The D
epart
ment is
no
t a
wa
re o
f a E
uro
pe
an P
olic
y on c
o-p
rocessin
g. In
add
ition n
o p
olic
y has b
een
dra
fted to d
ate
.
The r
esearc
h d
on
e to d
ate
has h
ow
ever,
dra
wn f
rom
the e
xp
erie
nce o
f oth
er
countr
ies t
hat
ha
ve u
sed t
he techn
olo
gy,
th
is inclu
des E
uro
pe,
Bra
zil, a
nd
Afr
ican c
ountr
ies f
or
exam
ple
Eg
ypt.
What chem
icals
will
be e
mitt
ed o
r re
leased in b
urn
ing t
yres? A
re th
ese th
e
sam
e a
s in
burn
ing t
he c
oal?
Very
sim
ilar
due
to s
imila
r com
positi
on o
f coal a
nd t
yre
s (
see n
ext pa
ge 6
9).
Of
the 5
m tons o
f coal c
urr
ently
utiliz
ed, h
ow
much w
ill b
e s
ubstit
ute
d b
y th
is
pro
cess (
AF
Rs).
Inte
rna
tiona
lly b
etw
een 4
0 t
o 6
0%
of
coal s
ubstit
utio
n h
as b
ee
n o
bta
ined
th
roug
h th
e u
se o
f A
FR
’s.
Sham
e o
n D
EA
T a
nd In
dustr
y fo
r not co
nsid
eri
ng
the
im
pact of cem
ent kiln
s
on th
e h
ealth o
f th
e c
om
munity.
The a
ccepta
bili
ty o
f im
pacts
fro
m the c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
’s in c
em
ent kiln
s
has b
een t
he c
ore
focus o
f th
e r
esearc
h u
nd
ert
aken.
If b
urn
ing
coa
l an
d t
yres is
the s
am
e, w
hat
is the ince
ntive f
or
chang
ing
?
Waste
tyr
es h
ave a
hig
her
calo
rific v
alu
e t
han c
oal, t
yres h
ave
a h
eat
valu
e
of
32.6
MJ/k
g a
nd c
oal 18 t
o 2
8 M
J/k
g a
nd th
ere
fore
becom
e a
ttra
ctiv
e f
or
use a
s a
fue
l in f
irin
g c
em
ent kiln
s, in
ad
ditio
n, d
ue t
o t
he g
lob
al in
cre
ase
d
dem
and f
or
energ
y th
ere
has b
ee
n a
n in
cre
ase in th
e d
em
and f
or
South
A
fric
a to e
xp
ort
coa
l. T
his
has m
ade the c
ost of
loca
l coal m
ore
expensiv
e.
There
is a
lso a
decre
ase in
CO
2 e
mis
sio
ns thro
ugh t
he r
eduction o
f coal use
as w
ell
as t
he d
isposa
l of
org
anic
waste
to landfill.
In
ad
ditio
n to t
he a
bo
ve b
enefits
there
will
be a
direct
com
merc
ial i
ncen
tive
fo
r th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y as t
he
y w
ill b
e p
rovid
ing
a w
aste
managem
ent
serv
ice f
or
wh
ich th
ey
will
be p
aid
.
The c
om
munity
mem
ber
felt
that
the c
om
munic
ation o
n the
EIA
had n
ot
been
do
ne p
roperl
y , G
roun
dw
ork
had invite
d th
em
to the E
IA m
eetin
g
The P
rovin
cia
l Depart
ment
of
Environm
ent is
respo
nsib
le f
or
the a
ppro
val of
the E
IA p
rocess. T
his
matter
has b
een r
ais
ed w
ith th
em
for
consid
era
tion
thro
ug
h th
e E
IA r
evie
w p
rocess.
What is
the c
hem
ical c
om
positi
on o
f a t
yre?
S
ee n
ext p
ag
e f
or
recent ty
re a
na
lysis
an
d e
mis
sio
n te
st re
sults
(C
EM
EX
, 2008).
H
ealth Im
pact stu
dy
is im
port
ant ,
com
munity
wa
nt to
know
if th
is is
a s
afe
environm
ent
This
matter
has b
een r
ais
ed w
ith th
e P
rovin
cia
l E
nvir
onm
enta
l De
part
ment
for
consid
era
tion t
hro
ugh t
he E
IA r
evi
ew
pro
cess.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
69
OF
86
Co
al an
d T
yre
An
aly
sis
Concentr
ation
Substa
nce
SA
Coa
l T
yres
Antim
on
y, S
b (
ppm
) A
rsenic
, A
s (
ppm
) C
adm
ium
, C
d (
ppm
) C
hro
miu
m, C
r (p
pm
) C
oba
lt, C
o (
ppm
)
Copp
er,
Cu (
ppm
)
Lead
, P
b (
ppm
) M
ang
an
ese, M
n (
ppm
)
Merc
ury
, H
g (
ppm
)
Nic
kel,
Ni (
ppm
)
Thalli
um
, T
I (p
pm
) V
an
ad
ium
, V
a (
ppm
)
Zin
c, Z
n (
ppm
)
Tota
l S a
s S
03 (
%)
F
(%
) C
l (%
) B
r(%
) I (%
) G
ross C
V (
kJ/k
g)
N
et C
V (
kJ/k
g)
<10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
70
<10
<
10
<
10
<
10
15
7.5
6
0.0
2
<0.0
1
<0.0
1
<0.0
1
25 7
21
24 7
96
<10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
<
10
395
1.3
6
0.0
1
<0.0
1
<0.0
1
<0.0
1
37 8
55
36 3
05
Em
issio
n M
on
ito
rin
g
C
ON
TIN
UO
US
EM
ISS
ION
MO
NIT
OR
ING
(C
EM
) S
ub
sta
nce
B
ase
line
A
vera
ge
T
yre
Tri
al
Ave
rag
e
EL
V
(mg
/Nm
3)
P
art
icu
late
s
2
4
55
(h
ou
rly)
3
0 (
daily
)
Nitro
ge
n O
xid
es
4
69
3
49
8
00
(da
ily)
Ca
rbo
n M
on
oxi
de
86
8
2
60
0 (
ho
url
y)
Su
lph
ur
Dio
xid
e
12
3
5
60
0 (
ho
url
y)
25
0 (
da
ily)
To
tal O
rga
nic
Ca
rbo
n
6
5.7
7
5 (
hou
rly)
5
0 (
daily
)
Hyd
rog
en
Ch
lori
de
0.3
0
.4
10
(d
aily
)
PE
RIO
DIC
MO
NIT
OR
ING
Su
bsta
nce
B
ase
line
R
esu
lt
Tyr
e T
ria
l R
esu
lt
Pe
rio
dic
EL
V
(mg
/Nm
3)
Pa
rtic
ula
tes
8.8
1
5.5
5
5
Nitro
ge
n O
xid
es
71
8
34
2
80
0
Ca
rbo
n M
on
oxi
de
4
3
77
2
00
S
ulp
hu
r D
ioxi
de
6
.0
31
6
00
To
tal O
rga
nic
Ca
rbo
n
9.6
7
.3
75
H
ydro
ge
n C
hlo
ride
3
.75
3
.65
1
0
Hyd
rog
en
Flu
orid
e
0.0
7
0.0
4
1
Dio
xin
s a
nd
Fu
rans a
s I
TE
Q 2
(n
g/N
m3
)
0.0
02
0
.00
13
0
.1
Dio
xin
s a
nd
Fu
rans a
s W
HO
-TE
Q 2
(n
g/N
m3
) H
um
an
s &
Ma
mm
als
0
.00
2
0.0
015
0
.1
ng
/Nm
3
Dio
xin
s a
nd
Fu
rans a
s W
HO
-TE
Q 2
(n
g/N
m3
) B
irds
0.0
034
0
.00
2
0.1
n
g/N
m3
Dio
xin
s a
nd
Fu
rans a
s W
HO
-TE
Q 2
(n
g/N
m3
) F
ish
0
.00
2
0.0
015
0
.1
ng
/Nm
3
To
tal P
CB
s
0.0
001
0
.00
00
09
--
To
tal P
AH
s (
as m
ea
sure
d)
0
.00
26
0
.00
21
--
C
ad
miu
m &
th
alli
um
0
.02
3
0.0
11
0
.05
To
tal M
eta
ls
0.1
6
0.1
0
.5
Me
rcu
ry
0.0
006
0
.00
03
2
0.0
5
Be
nze
ne
0
.1
0.0
000
00
4
--
1,3
Bu
tad
ien
e
0.1
5
0.0
04
--
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
70
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Inte
rna
tiona
l models
are
no
t th
e s
am
e a
s S
A, th
ey
do
n’t h
ave
ind
ustr
y in
com
muniti
es
Ove
r 20
00 e
mis
sio
n s
am
ple
s h
ave
been
un
dert
aken t
hro
ug
h th
e w
orl
d,
it h
as
been
sho
wn
tha
t th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
RF
’s in
cem
ent
kiln
s h
as v
ery
lim
ited
or
no im
pact on the
em
issio
ns o
f th
e k
ilns.
In S
outh
Afr
ica th
e e
mis
sio
n v
alu
es f
or
a k
iln w
anting t
o c
o-p
rocess A
FR
’s
will
be s
ignific
antly
more
str
ing
ent th
at
industr
ies n
ot co
-pro
cessin
g.
Nois
e o
f th
e m
achin
ery
at
PP
C a
ffects
hearing
PP
C r
esponse
- W
ith r
egard
s to n
ois
e,
the g
en
tlem
an w
ho r
ais
ed it h
as b
een
taken to th
e c
om
pan
y to
vie
w h
ow
the c
om
pan
y is
miti
gatin
g th
e n
ois
e.
Tyr
es a
re a
lrea
dy
be
ing b
urn
t at th
e p
lant
This
matter
has b
een s
en
t to
the
cem
ent in
dustr
y fo
r th
eir r
espo
nse, th
ey
has
been
requ
este
d t
o r
esp
ond d
irectly
to th
e c
om
munity.
W
hat w
as t
he p
olic
y direction th
at
was s
uggeste
d
To d
ate
, n
o p
olic
y o
n H
TT
T o
r th
e u
se o
f A
FR
’s in
cem
ent kiln
s h
as b
ee
n
pre
sente
d. H
ow
eve
r, b
ased
on t
he o
utc
om
e o
f th
e tech
nic
al re
vie
w o
f th
e
techno
log
ies, th
e D
ep
art
ment d
id f
eel it
necessary
to s
hare
th
e initia
l thin
kin
g
on th
e p
olic
y d
irection w
ith s
takehold
ers
. In
th
is r
egard
, duri
ng a
work
shop in
January
20
08 t
he D
epart
ment com
munic
ate
d t
he in
itia
l po
licy
direction t
o
sta
kehold
ers
, fo
llow
ing t
he p
resenta
tio
n o
f th
e in
itia
l fin
din
gs o
f th
e litera
ture
re
vie
ws a
nd th
e initia
l polic
y d
irectio
n r
epre
senta
tive
s o
f M
inT
ech in
N
ovem
ber
2007. T
he p
olic
y direction p
ropose
d,
ind
icating th
e th
inkin
g o
f th
e
Depart
ment, w
as t
hat th
e r
egu
late
d incin
era
tion o
f w
aste
and
regu
late
d c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f w
aste
in c
em
ent kiln
s s
ho
uld
be o
ptio
ns f
or
consid
era
tion f
or
the tre
atm
ent of
waste
in S
outh
Afr
ica.
Com
pan
y h
as n
ot
dis
cusse
d job o
pport
unitie
s
This
matter
has b
een r
ais
ed w
ith th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
ies in
volv
ed d
irectly
and
the
y ha
ve b
een r
equeste
d t
o r
espon
d to t
he c
om
munity
directly.
W
hat are
the p
lans f
or
socia
l respo
nsib
ility
P
PC
response
– t
here
is a
com
mitt
ee a
t th
e p
lant fo
r corp
ora
te s
ocia
l in
vestm
ent
Had m
an
y m
eetin
gs w
ith P
PC
on s
ocia
l respo
nsib
ility
issues d
on’t g
et go
od
answ
ers
P
PC
’s r
espo
nse –
Do h
ave
com
munity
co
nsultation m
eetings,
lab
our,
Health,
DM
E a
nd
Cou
ncill
ors
are
pre
sent. C
ouncill
or
must ta
ke b
ack the m
essage,
min
ute
s a
re a
lso
sent
out
of
all
meetin
gs. Is
su
es r
ais
ed h
ere
will
be p
ut
on
the a
gen
da.
Als
o h
ave
a c
om
pla
ints
regis
ter,
wh
ich is m
ade a
vaila
ble
to t
he
Councill
or
at m
eetings
What is
goin
g t
o b
e d
one a
bout
the d
am
age w
hic
h h
as b
ee
n d
one a
lre
ad
y
The p
olic
y d
evelo
pm
ent pro
cess w
ill n
ot ad
dre
ss r
em
edia
tion issues. A
reas
that
nee
d r
em
edia
tion s
hou
ld b
e iden
tifie
d thro
ugh t
he E
IA p
rocess.
If D
EA
T d
oes c
om
plia
nce m
onito
ring w
hy
ha
ve t
he
y o
nly
be
en m
easuring
dust – n
o h
ea
lth r
eport
s, d
oes D
EA
T h
ave
the c
apacity
to e
nfo
rce. T
he
Fis
heries d
o e
nfo
rce w
hy
can e
nvironm
ent not
Com
plia
nce c
an o
nly
be
monitore
d a
ga
inst re
qu
irem
en
ts s
et in
perm
its o
r auth
orisations. If
dust
has b
een t
he o
nly
em
issio
n r
equ
ired to b
e m
onito
red,
com
plia
nce c
an o
nly
be m
easure
d a
ga
inst th
is p
ara
mete
r.
DE
AT
is d
eve
lopin
g its
Insp
ecto
rate
Unit a
nd in th
e p
ast tw
o y
ears
this
unit
has d
em
onstr
ate
d is e
ffectiv
en
ess w
ith n
on-c
om
plia
nce c
ases b
ein
g b
rou
ght
to th
e c
oun
ts a
nd
con
victio
ns b
ein
g s
ecure
d.
The c
om
munity
wa
nts
TB
tre
atm
ent and h
om
e b
ased c
are
T
his
com
ment is
note
d a
nd
has b
een r
ela
yed to t
he lo
cal m
unic
ipa
lity
for
the
ir
consid
era
tion.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
71
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Don’t tru
st th
e ind
ustr
y th
ey
ha
ve m
ade p
rom
ises b
efo
re tha
t th
ey
ha
ve n
ot
deliv
ere
d o
n
This
com
ment has b
een
no
ted a
nd h
as b
een r
ela
yed t
o the
cem
ent in
dustr
y fo
r th
eir c
onsid
era
tion
an
d a
ctio
n.
Councill
or
are
overs
tretc
he
d s
o c
om
munity
shou
ld p
ropose r
epre
se
nta
tive
fo
r th
e m
eetin
gs
The W
ard
Councill
or
str
uctu
re h
as b
ee
n p
ut in
pla
ce b
y lo
cal m
unic
ipalit
ies
as the
ir p
refe
rred m
eth
od o
f consulti
ng w
ith c
om
muniti
es. T
he W
ard
C
ouncill
or
for
the a
rea is p
resent a
t th
e m
eetin
g, shou
ld a
ssis
tance b
e
require
d th
e o
ffer
has b
ee
n h
eard
.
Tra
nsf
orm
atio
n c
om
pan
y is
stil
l no
t do
ing e
nou
gh –
wa
nt chan
ge
This
issue h
as b
een r
ela
yed to t
he ind
ustr
y a
nd t
he
y h
ave
be
en r
equeste
d to
re
spond t
o th
e c
om
munity
directly.
T
his
matter
must be lo
oked in
to w
ithin
th
e c
onte
xt of
transfo
rmatio
n a
s t
he
com
pan
y w
as e
sta
blis
hed in the
old
-ap
art
he
id e
ra. It
s z
on
ing is
the p
roble
m.
The is
sue o
f zo
nin
g h
as b
een r
ais
ed w
ith t
he p
rovin
cia
l an
d local go
vern
ment
repre
senta
tive
s.
The c
om
pan
y w
ill b
enefit fr
om
burn
ing t
yres (
savin
gs),
will
job o
pp
ort
un
itie
s
com
e thro
ug
h t
yre r
ecyc
ling?
The c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f ty
res is n
ot re
gard
ed a
s r
ecyc
ling
, but ra
ther
as w
aste
re
cove
ry a
s th
e e
nerg
y is
recove
red a
s f
ue
l in th
e k
iln.
Job o
pport
unitie
s w
ill
be p
rese
nte
d b
y th
e f
act th
at tw
o n
ew
industr
ies w
ill b
e d
eve
lop
ed t
hro
ugh
co-p
rocessin
g s
ho
uld
th
is b
e a
techno
log
y fo
un
d to
be a
ccepta
ble
in t
he
countr
y. T
he b
lend
ing
facili
ty w
ill p
rovi
de n
ew
job
s in t
he w
aste
in
dustr
y, a
nd
the d
evelo
pm
ent of
the infr
astr
uctu
re r
eq
uired
colle
ct
and tra
nsport
tyr
es to
th
e k
ilns is
als
o a
ne
w indu
str
y w
hic
h w
ill p
rod
uce job o
pport
un
ities f
or
small
entr
epre
neurs
.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y pro
mis
ed to c
ontr
ol dust
but
has n
ot a
dhere
d t
o th
e
pro
mis
e o
r sta
ndard
. W
hat are
the
gu
ara
nte
es th
at th
ey
will
ad
here
to t
he
set sta
nd
ard
s in
the
incin
era
tion p
rocess
Str
icte
r em
issio
n r
equir
em
ents
ha
ve b
ee
n p
roposed f
or
kiln
s c
o-p
rocessin
g
AF
R’s
sho
uld
th
is techn
olo
gy
be f
oun
d to b
e a
ccepta
ble
for
use in th
e
Countr
y. T
his
will
impro
ve d
ust em
issio
ns s
ubsta
ntia
lly.
Em
issio
n m
onito
ring
for
a n
um
ber
of
para
mete
rs w
hic
h inclu
des d
ust
will
be
requir
ed t
o b
e
monito
red c
ontinu
ously
. T
his
will
allo
w th
e c
om
munitie
s to p
olic
e d
ust
em
issio
ns them
selv
es, ho
weve
r, D
EA
T h
as a
lso c
om
mitte
d to e
nsuri
ng t
hat
monito
ring a
nd a
uditin
g o
f th
e c
em
ent kiln
s c
o-p
rocessin
g A
FR
’s w
ill b
e a
priority
.
The p
roje
cte
d job c
reatio
n is n
ot re
al;
inste
ad r
ed
un
da
ncy
in th
e c
ar-
wash
environm
ent has b
ee
n n
oticed. D
ue to d
ust, c
ar
wash e
mplo
yees h
ave
to
re-w
ash
pe
ople
’s c
ars
an
d t
he c
ar
wash o
wn
ers
som
etim
es f
ire them
th
inkin
g t
hat
the
y are
ineff
icie
nt
(inste
ad o
f bla
min
g th
e d
ust)
.
As m
entio
ne
d a
bove th
e d
ust em
issio
ns f
rom
kiln
s c
o-p
rocessin
g A
FR
’s w
ill
be r
ed
uced s
ubsta
ntia
lly w
hic
h w
ill c
ontr
ibu
te t
o d
ecre
asin
g t
he le
vels
of
cem
ent dust b
ein
g e
xperi
enced in th
e a
reas s
urr
ound
ing k
ilns.
Job o
pport
unitie
s w
ill b
e c
reate
d thro
ugh
the
de
velo
pm
ent of
two n
ew
in
dustr
ies, o
ne a
ssocia
ted w
ith t
he b
lend
ing
facili
ty f
or
the A
FR
’s a
nd t
he
oth
er
with
the d
eve
lopm
ent
of
the infr
astr
uctu
re r
equ
ired to
brin
g w
aste
tyr
es
to th
e k
ilns f
or
co-p
rocessin
g.
The c
om
munity
is s
ick a
nd n
eeds m
eanin
gfu
l socia
l re
sponsib
ility
fro
m the
com
pan
y.
This
matter
has b
een d
irecte
d to
the
industr
y fo
r d
iscussio
n d
irectly
with
the
com
munity.
W
e h
ear
that
EIA
an
d p
ub
lic c
onsulta
tio
n h
as a
lre
ad
y happ
ene
d,
whic
h
com
es f
irst polic
y or
EIA
?
The E
IA p
rocess f
or
the m
ajo
rity
of
kiln
s w
anting t
o c
o-p
rocess A
FR
’s h
ave
been
initia
ted, h
ow
eve
r, t
he
ind
ustr
y h
as a
gre
ed t
o w
ait f
or
the o
utc
om
e o
f th
e p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess b
efo
re p
ressurisin
g t
he p
rovi
ncia
l E
nvi
ronm
enta
l De
part
ments
for
decis
ions o
n th
eir E
IA,
pro
vid
ed th
at th
e
polic
y de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess takes a
n u
ndu
e a
mount o
f tim
e to r
each a
fin
al
polic
y decis
ion.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
72
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Gro
un
dw
ork
W
hat is
DE
AT
do
ing a
bout
recyc
ling o
f w
aste
, burn
ing is n
ot
the o
nly
option
D
EA
T is
pre
se
ntly
in c
onsu
ltation w
ith in
dustr
y w
ith r
espect to
se
vera
l w
aste
str
eam
s in
the
bid
to
pro
mote
recyc
ling.
There
has n
eve
r b
een
a d
edic
ate
d s
tud
y don
e o
n h
ealth e
ffects
of m
erc
ury
in
the e
nvironm
ent. If
this
was d
on
e h
ere
th
e p
lant
wou
ld c
lose d
ow
n
This
is a
n a
larm
ist sta
tem
ent. M
erc
ury
is n
ot
an e
mis
sio
n w
hic
h is g
en
era
ted
from
the c
em
ent m
akin
g p
rocess b
ut ra
ther
from
the b
urn
ing o
f coal fo
r energ
y fo
r th
e p
rocess a
nd
the u
se
of
som
e r
aw
mate
rials
(shale
, lim
esto
ne,
cla
y etc
. w
here
merc
ury
is f
ound
in tra
ce a
mounts
). T
he w
orl
d h
as to d
ate
not
found a
nd a
ltern
ative
to t
he
use o
f cem
ent in
larg
e s
cale
constr
uctio
n.
Need t
o look w
here
waste
is c
om
ing f
rom
, need b
igger
waste
managem
ent
solu
tions,
was a
tyr
e b
uy
back p
olic
y consid
ere
d
The w
aste
tha
t w
ould
be
used f
or
co-p
rocessin
g is p
resently
bein
g a
ccepte
d
at ha
zard
ous w
aste
landfills
in th
e c
ou
ntr
y. T
he c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f th
is w
aste
w
ill o
ffer
the w
aste
industr
y and in
dustr
y in
the c
ountr
y an a
ltern
ative w
aste
m
anagem
ent optio
ns w
hic
h a
re c
onsid
ere
d e
nvironm
enta
lly s
oun
d
inte
rnation
ally
if
managed c
orr
ectly.
T
he t
yre levy
is in
fact a w
aste
tyr
e b
uy
back p
olic
y, a
s a
levy
will
be p
aid
for
waste
tyr
es tha
t w
ill s
upp
ort
the w
aste
susta
inable
and
en
viro
nm
enta
lly
sound m
anagem
ent of
this
waste
str
eam
.
The 6
00 jobs m
entio
ned w
ill b
e c
reate
d v
ia t
he incin
era
tion
pro
cess w
ill b
e
exceeded
by
the 2
0,0
00 jo
bs that ca
n b
e c
reate
d if
re
cyc
ling o
f w
aste
option
is
follo
wed.
DE
AT
is p
urs
uin
g a
waste
managem
ent str
ate
gy
whic
h s
upp
ort
s the w
aste
hie
rarc
hy.
Sho
uld
en
vironm
enta
lly s
ou
nd r
ecyc
ling o
ptions b
ecom
e a
vaila
ble
fo
r an
y w
aste
str
eam
wh
ich
wou
ld p
ote
ntially
be c
o-p
rocessed in
a c
em
ent
kiln
regu
lations o
r in
ce
ntive
schem
es c
ould
be p
ut
in p
lace to d
ivert
this
w
aste
str
eam
to the r
ecyc
ling o
ption. T
he W
aste
Bill
als
o m
akes p
rovi
sio
n f
or
the ide
ntif
ication o
f priori
ty w
aste
ste
am
s f
or
whic
h s
pecific
managem
ent
pla
ns c
an b
e p
ut in
pla
ce t
o d
ea
l w
ith t
he w
aste
.
The w
aste
s t
hat
are
bein
g p
ropose
d f
or
co-p
rocessin
g a
re p
rese
ntly
bein
g
lan
dfille
d a
nd n
o r
ecyc
ling o
ptions a
re a
vaila
ble
for
the w
aste
. R
ecyc
ling
options to
a lim
ited e
xte
nt fo
r w
aste
tyr
es a
re a
vaila
ble
and a
re s
up
port
ed b
y th
e w
aste
tyr
e r
eg
ula
tions c
urr
ently
bein
g f
ina
lised.
DE
AT
has m
ade u
p its
min
d a
bout th
e p
olic
y on incin
era
tion
. In
pre
vio
us
meetin
gs D
EA
T m
entio
ned t
hat
it w
ill r
ecom
mend that
incin
era
tio
n a
nd u
se
of
AF
Rs b
e c
onsid
ere
d b
y th
e c
ou
ntr
y.
The p
olic
y fo
rmula
tion p
rocess w
as e
xpla
ined a
s s
tart
ing w
ith p
rese
nta
tio
ns
to M
INM
EC
(w
here
th
e p
rovin
ces a
nd l
ocal
go
vern
ment
are
repre
sente
d),
is
sue w
ould
go
to c
luste
r com
mitt
ee,
cabin
et
and w
ould
cu
lmin
ate
w
ith a
ga
zett
ing p
rocess a
nd
pu
blic
com
ments
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
73
OF
86
26.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
17/0
4/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Letter to DEAT regarding “Stakeholder Workshop on National Policy
Development Process for High Temperature Therm
al Waste Treatment and
Cement Kiln Alternative Fuel Use Project at the Oribi Gorge Hotel on the
12th April”.
We w
elc
om
e the in
itiative
the D
EA
T h
as taken in a
ddre
ssin
g c
om
muniti
es
livin
g in c
lose p
roxim
ity
to c
em
ent kiln
s p
rop
osin
g to
bu
rn w
aste
, althou
gh
we c
onsid
er
that th
ese c
om
munity
vis
its s
ho
uld
ha
ve o
ccurr
ed p
rior
to the
D
EA
T H
TT
T p
olic
y w
hic
h w
e b
elie
ve h
as a
lre
ad
y be
en c
om
ple
ted.
The D
epart
ment has f
rom
the o
nset of
the
pu
blic
consulta
tion p
rocess
ind
icate
d th
at a d
raft
po
licy
will
be g
aze
tted
for
pub
lic c
om
ment once the
Min
iste
r h
as a
pp
lied h
is m
ind to
the
work
pre
pare
d b
y th
e D
epart
ment. T
o
date
, no p
olic
y on H
TT
T o
r th
e u
se
of
AF
R’s
in c
em
ent
kiln
s h
as b
een
pre
sente
d to t
he M
inis
ter
for
consid
era
tio
n a
nd s
ubse
quent
pub
lica
tion
should
th
e c
onte
nt
be s
upp
ort
ed. T
he p
olic
y w
ill o
nly
exis
t once t
he g
aze
ttin
g
pro
cess h
as b
een c
onclu
de
d, an
d th
e M
inste
r has c
on
sid
ere
d a
ll vi
ew
s o
n
the m
atter
and
has s
imila
rly
consid
ere
d t
he d
ecis
ion s
upport
info
rmatio
n
pro
vid
ed.
C
om
muniti
es a
rou
nd t
he c
ountr
y w
ho liv
e in c
lose p
roxim
ity
to the
cem
ent
work
s that are
pro
posin
g to
burn
AF
R h
ave e
nvironm
enta
l concern
s a
nd
justic
e is
sues d
atin
g b
ack m
an
y ye
ars
. T
he f
arm
ing c
om
munity
at th
is
part
icu
lar
NP
C c
em
ent
work
s h
ave
lo
ng c
onsid
ere
d th
e w
ork
s to a
ffect th
eir
live
lihoods t
hro
ugh t
he d
ep
ositi
on o
f dust
on t
he
ir c
rop
s, aff
ectin
g the h
ea
lth
of
their c
hild
ren a
t th
e s
cho
ol o
n th
e f
ence lin
e,
wh
ich h
as s
ubseq
uently
been
clo
sed
do
wn,
and t
he
y h
ave e
ven
trie
d to
liti
gate
to a
ddre
ss the
ir
environm
enta
l is
sues. F
urt
herm
ore
, th
e r
ura
l com
muniti
es w
ho liv
e c
lose b
y are
part
icula
rly
aff
ecte
d b
y unem
plo
ymen
t an
d c
onsid
er
that N
PC
does n
ot
fairly
em
plo
y lo
cal pe
ople
and c
ontr
ibute
to th
e local econom
y.
All
of
the a
bo
ve is
sues w
ere
rais
ed
at th
is m
eetin
g a
nd the
com
munity
peop
le t
ake the p
ositio
n tha
t all
of
these
concern
s a
re im
port
ant and n
ee
d to
be a
ddre
ssed a
s a
pri
ority
befo
re the
y ca
n e
ngag
e in t
he d
ebate
about
wheth
er
NP
C s
hou
ld b
e g
rante
d a
lic
ense to u
se A
FR
in t
he
ir p
rocesses.
Worr
ying
ly, at
this
meetin
g it b
ecam
e a
ppare
nt
to m
e a
nd th
e c
om
munity
peop
le w
e w
ork
with
tha
t th
e D
EA
T d
oes n
ot consid
er
that th
ese issues
have a
ny
beari
ng
on t
he D
EA
T H
TT
T P
olic
y P
rocess a
nd t
hat
in f
act th
ese
com
munity
concern
s s
hou
ld b
e e
ntire
ly d
e-l
inked f
rom
the H
TT
T P
olic
y pro
cess.
Note
d.
Althou
gh n
ot
all
of
the issu
es r
ais
ed a
t th
e c
om
munity
meetin
gs a
re w
ithin
the
mandate
of
DE
AT
to d
ea
l w
ith,
each issue h
as b
ee
n r
ecord
ed, a
nd e
ach
addre
ssed t
o t
he a
ppro
priate
institu
tio
n o
r g
overn
ment depart
ment best
suite
d o
r m
andate
d to d
ea
l w
ith t
he p
art
icula
r co
ncern
. T
his
appro
ach o
f coopera
tive
govern
ance is
require
d in term
s o
f th
e C
onstit
utio
n a
nd is
the
most eff
ectiv
e m
anner
of
resolv
ing
pro
ble
ms.
DE
AT
has b
een t
akin
g t
he issues r
ais
ed b
y th
e c
om
munitie
s liv
ing in th
e
vicin
ity
of
cem
ent kiln
s v
ery
seriously
. In
fact, the
work
bein
g u
ndert
aken to
addre
ss the
issues is the r
eason w
hy
som
e d
ela
y in
th
e p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent
pro
cess h
as b
een e
xp
erie
nced.
In r
esponse
to s
pecific
issu
es r
ais
ed,
the f
ollo
win
g:
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
74
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
•
Regard
ing f
arm
ers
aro
und t
he N
PC
cem
ent
work
s b
ein
g c
oncern
ed
abou
t th
e e
ffect of
the d
ep
ositi
on o
f dust o
n th
eir c
rops a
nd a
ffectin
g the
hea
lth o
f th
eir c
hild
ren a
t a s
chool,
whic
h h
as s
ubse
qu
ently
bee
n c
lose
d
do
wn,
note
th
at th
e c
oncern
ab
out cem
ent dust
aff
ectin
g c
rops w
as n
ot
specific
ally
ra
ised a
t th
e P
ort
She
psto
ne m
eetin
g.
DE
AT
has h
ow
ever
rais
ed t
he issue w
ith t
he K
ZN
Pro
vincia
l De
part
ment of
Agriculture
and
En
viro
nm
ent fo
r consid
era
tion thro
ug
h th
e r
evie
w o
f th
e E
nvironm
enta
l Im
pact A
ssessm
ent pro
cess
. T
he m
atter
of
cem
ent du
st aff
ectin
g the
hea
lth o
f child
ren a
t a s
cho
ol in
the a
rea h
as b
een r
ais
ed w
ith t
he
Pro
vin
cia
l D
ep
art
ment to
o,
as w
ell
as t
he c
em
ent in
du
str
y gen
era
lly a
nd
the N
PC
/Cim
por
managem
ent specific
ally
, fo
r a r
esp
onse.
•
The a
llegatio
n th
at N
PC
do
es n
ot fa
irly
em
plo
y lo
ca
l peop
le a
nd
contr
ibu
te t
o th
e local econ
om
y has b
ee
n c
om
munic
ate
d to
the
P
rovin
cia
l D
ep
art
ment of
Agriculture
and E
nvi
ronm
ent fo
r consid
era
tion
thro
ug
h th
e r
evi
ew
of
the E
IA p
rocess, a
nd w
ith t
he N
PC
/Cim
por
managem
ent specific
ally
. N
PC
/Cim
por’s m
anagem
ent ha
s b
een
requeste
d to r
espon
d d
irectly
to W
ard
Councill
ors
an
d t
he t
wo
com
munity
lea
ders
who
we
re p
resent
at th
e m
eetin
g to
allo
w f
eed
back
to th
e c
om
munity.
•
Addre
ssin
g t
he issues r
ais
ed b
y th
e c
om
munity
as a
pri
ority
befo
re
enga
gin
g in a
de
bate
ab
out
wheth
er
NP
C s
ho
uld
be
gra
nte
d a
lic
ense to
use A
FR
’s in
the
ir p
rocess is n
ote
d. T
he E
IA p
rocess a
llow
s f
or
matters
th
at
aff
ect or
are
aff
ecte
d b
y a
ny
pro
posal t
o b
e th
oro
ughly
consid
ere
d
prior
to d
ecis
ion m
akin
g. T
he E
IA p
rocess w
ill r
each t
he d
ecis
ion
regard
ing t
he a
pp
lica
tion f
rom
NP
C/C
impor
to c
o-p
rocess A
FR
’s. T
he
issues r
ais
ed
by
the c
om
munity
will
there
fore
be
care
fully
co
nsid
ere
d
befo
re a
decis
ion is
made.
•
It is
alle
ge
d th
at D
EA
T is
not consid
eri
ng t
hat th
e issues r
ais
ed h
ave
an
y beari
ng o
n t
he H
TT
T p
olic
y pro
cess a
nd t
hat
the issue
s s
hould
be d
e-
linked f
rom
the H
TT
T p
olic
y pro
cess. G
ove
rnm
ent has h
ow
eve
r pro
vid
ed
seve
ral t
ools
to e
nco
ura
ge d
eba
te a
roun
d c
ert
ain
matters
. In
th
is
insta
nce
, th
e c
om
munity
co
ncern
s h
ave
bee
n h
eard
at
the p
ub
lic
heari
ngs o
n th
e W
aste
Bill
, and h
ave
been
inclu
ded in t
he E
IA p
rocess,
whic
h w
ill c
onsid
er
the c
on
cern
s r
ais
ed b
y th
e c
om
munity.
DE
AT
has
als
o u
ndert
aken thre
e c
om
munity
vis
its a
nd h
eard
the c
om
munity
concern
s,
wh
ich w
ere
als
o h
ighlig
hte
d a
t th
e p
olic
y sta
kehold
er
work
shop in
Jan
uary
20
08.
Concern
s th
at cou
ld n
ot
be a
ddre
ssed w
ere
re
vert
ed to
the
Dep
art
ments
that are
mandate
d t
o d
ea
l w
ith the
part
icula
r is
sue/s
. T
hese a
ctivi
ties h
ave
bee
n u
ndert
aken p
rior
to a
ny
work
bein
g
done
to s
ubm
it a d
raft
polic
y to
the M
inis
ter
for
consid
era
tion
, an
d
there
fore
all
issues h
ave
be
en c
onsid
ere
d thro
ugh
the
HT
TT
polic
y develo
pm
ent pro
cess.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
75
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
gro
un
dW
ork
takes the p
ositio
n t
hat
on
e c
ann
ot sep
ara
te w
ha
t has o
ccurr
ed,
and w
hat
is c
urr
ently
occurr
ing a
rou
nd c
em
ent
work
s a
nd th
eir n
eig
hb
ours
, and t
he H
TT
T P
olic
y P
roce
ss a
nd a
re v
ery
concern
ed a
bou
t th
e D
EA
T
positio
n f
or
the f
ollo
win
g r
easons.
1. A
ll sta
kehold
ers
(in
clu
din
g the
cem
ent in
dustr
y th
em
selv
es a
nd
the
D
EA
T)
cate
gori
cally
accept
that th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y h
as h
isto
rically
bee
n
very
po
orl
y re
gula
ted.
The industr
y th
ere
fore
does n
ot
have a
cu
lture
of
com
plia
nce to s
tric
t en
viro
nm
enta
l regu
lation w
hic
h is
im
pera
tive if
it w
ere
to incin
era
te A
FR
, a
nd the
com
munity
positio
n is that
on
ly w
he
n it
can d
em
onstr
ate
a c
ultu
re o
f environm
enta
l com
plia
nce s
hou
ld it b
e
allo
we
d to incin
era
te A
FR
. C
urr
ently
these k
ilns e
mit
merc
ury
and o
ther
meta
ls f
reely
withou
t an
y m
itigation d
evi
ces. W
hy
sho
uld
the c
om
munity
belie
ve t
hat
whe
n th
ey
burn
AF
R th
is w
ill c
han
ge. T
his
must be
dem
onstr
ate
d o
ver
tim
e.
Regard
ing th
e r
eg
ula
tion o
f th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y, n
ote
that In
specto
rs f
rom
all
sphere
s o
f go
vern
ment un
dert
ook a
nation
al c
om
plia
nce a
udit
of
cem
ent
kiln
s thro
ug
h th
e m
onth
of
June 2
008.
Merc
ury
is n
ot
a m
eta
l th
at
results
fro
m the c
em
ent m
akin
g p
rocess, but
rath
er
from
the b
urn
ing o
f coal and
ra
w m
ate
rials
used f
or
cem
ent m
akin
g, as
trace a
mounts
of m
erc
ury
are
pre
sent
in t
he c
oal, lim
est
one,
shale
etc
. T
he
substit
utio
n o
f a p
ort
ion o
f th
e c
oa
l w
ith A
FR
s w
ill there
fore
reduce t
he
merc
ury
em
issio
ns to t
he a
tmosphere
. T
his
has b
een
pro
ven
to b
e t
he c
ase
in a
stu
dy
undert
aken b
y C
em
ex in
Rugb
y w
here
the
y substit
ute
d t
yres f
or
coal.
The b
aselin
e m
easure
ment fo
r m
erc
ury
was o
n a
vera
ge 0
.001 m
g/N
m3.
When s
ubstit
uting
a p
ort
ion
of
coal w
ith t
yres, th
e e
mis
sio
n c
once
ntr
ation
of
merc
ury
decre
ased t
o 0
.00
033 m
g/N
m3. T
he m
erc
ury
conte
nt
in S
outh
A
fric
an c
oal used in t
he t
ria
l w
as m
easure
d to b
e less t
han 1
0 p
pm
(als
o s
ee
p.6
9 o
f th
is r
ep
ort
).
2. T
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y p
ers
onne
l are
not
qua
lifie
d to
tra
nsport
, h
and
le,
sto
re a
nd
use w
aste
, especia
lly h
aza
rdous w
aste
, b
ecause th
ey
ha
ve
never
be
en tra
ined t
o d
o s
o. T
he D
EA
T s
tate
that
the s
tric
test sta
nd
ard
s
and p
ractic
es w
ill b
e u
sed o
n s
ite, b
ut th
is c
laim
can o
nly
com
e w
ith
experie
nce a
nd a
successfu
l tra
ck r
ecord
in e
nvi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
.
It is
pro
posed t
hat
waste
is b
lende
d o
ff-s
ite to p
re-d
ete
rmin
ed s
pecific
atio
ns.
The b
len
ded
waste
will
be s
tore
d in ta
nks a
nd f
ed into
the c
em
ent kiln
as a
ny
oth
er
fuel. T
here
is th
ere
fore
no h
an
dlin
g o
f w
aste
. T
he m
anagem
ent of
the
waste
will
th
ere
fore
stil
l re
main
with t
he w
aste
ind
ustr
y w
ho is
experi
enced in
waste
hand
ling s
hould
th
e t
echno
log
y b
e f
oun
d to b
e a
ccepta
ble
. T
he
cem
ent in
dustr
y curr
ently
does h
andle
solid
waste
.
3. M
an
y com
muniti
es liv
ing
in c
lose p
roxim
ity
to c
em
ent
work
s (
part
icula
rly
in P
reto
ria,
Port
Eliz
abe
th,
De H
oek a
nd P
ort
Shepsto
ne)
ha
ve lo
ng
sta
ndin
g e
nvi
ronm
enta
l issues w
ith th
e industr
y d
ating
back m
an
y ye
ars
and t
hese h
ave
never
be
en
addre
ssed!
The is
sues h
ave
been
rais
ed w
ith a
nd a
re b
ein
g a
ddre
ssed b
y th
e v
ari
ous
mandate
d g
overn
ment dep
art
ments
and the
managem
ent
of
the k
ilns
invo
lve
d.
4. F
urt
herm
ore
, th
e w
aste
will
be im
port
ed f
rom
far
aw
ay
pla
ces,
over
long
dis
tances,
not
without
accid
ent, r
isk o
r en
viro
nm
enta
l im
pact. It is
als
o
evid
ent th
at cem
ent kiln
s a
re n
ot
specific
ally
desig
ned t
o b
urn
altern
ative
substit
ute
fuels
.
The im
port
atio
n o
f w
aste
is c
ontr
olle
d b
y th
e B
asel C
on
ven
tion o
n th
e
transbou
ndary
move
ment o
f w
aste
, and
So
uth
Afr
ica is a
sig
nato
ry to
th
is
conve
ntion. T
he c
onvention
requir
es that
waste
be tre
ate
d a
s c
lose to
its
sourc
e a
s p
ossib
le a
nd
is n
ot supp
ort
ive o
f th
e tra
de in
waste
. W
ith r
espect
to th
e tra
nsp
ort
ation o
f w
aste
, it is
note
d th
at pre
se
ntly
there
is o
nly
on
e H
:H
lan
dfill
site
in S
outh
Afr
ica,
whic
h is the
Ho
lfonte
in H
aza
rdous w
aste
site. T
he
site
is s
ituate
d in G
aute
ng,
and h
aza
rdo
us w
aste
is p
resently
transp
ort
ed
to
this
site f
rom
all
ove
r th
e c
ountr
y. T
he p
roposed b
lendin
g p
latf
orm
that has
receiv
ed a
positi
ve E
IA a
nd
will
be d
evelo
pe
d s
hou
ld t
he tech
no
log
y b
e
accepte
d,
is a
lso to
be loca
ted in G
aute
ng. In
th
is in
sta
nce n
o a
dd
itio
nal
transport
atio
n o
f w
aste
wou
ld o
ccur.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
76
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
5. D
eta
iled
responses t
o o
ur
com
munity
concern
s h
ave
ne
ver
be
en
pro
vid
ed b
y th
e D
EA
T. T
his
in its
elf is
part
icu
larl
y w
orr
ying a
s the
DE
AT
pro
jects
an a
ttitu
de t
hat
it d
oes n
ot
ha
ve t
o r
esp
ond t
o c
om
munity
subm
issio
ns o
utlin
ing t
he
ir c
oncern
s.
Gro
undW
ork
’s v
iew
is u
nfo
unde
d,
it w
as s
tate
d a
t e
ach m
eetin
g t
hat
responses w
ould
be p
rovi
ded.
A c
om
pre
hensiv
e c
om
men
ts a
nd r
esponses
docum
ent has b
een p
repare
d a
nd w
ill b
e d
istr
ibu
ted t
o a
ll com
munity
lead
ers
once it has b
ee
n s
igned
off
by
the D
G.
There
are
accord
ingly
no g
rounds f
or
the v
iew
held
by
gro
undW
ork
.
The c
em
ent in
dustr
y as it
curr
ently
exis
ts is
not
withou
t ve
ry r
ea
l concern
s
regard
ing e
nvi
ronm
enta
l po
llutio
n, d
epositi
on a
nd r
egu
latio
n. T
he industr
y is
his
torica
lly v
ery
po
orl
y re
gu
late
d a
nd p
oorl
y m
onitore
d a
nd w
ou
ld g
en
era
lly
better
pla
ce
itse
lf b
y cle
anin
g u
p it
s c
urr
en
t op
era
tions (
especia
lly in t
he
conte
xt of
merc
ury
an
d h
ea
vy
meta
ls e
mis
sio
ns w
hic
h c
onstit
ute
a v
ery
rea
l curr
ent pu
blic
hea
lth r
isk)
befo
re it
eve
n c
onsid
ers
the
very
com
plic
ate
d
busin
ess o
f w
aste
, in
clu
din
g h
aza
rdous w
aste
, m
anag
em
ent, h
and
ling a
nd
dis
posa
l.
The is
sues o
f m
erc
ury
and h
ea
vy
meta
ls h
ave
been
de
alt
with
ab
ove a
s h
ave
the issues o
f non-c
om
plia
nce.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
77
OF
86
27.
Mr
R E
uri
pid
ou
, g
rou
nd
Wo
rk;
24/0
4/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Follo
win
g f
rom
yeste
rda
ys m
eetin
g in P
reto
ria
(and
th
e 3
com
munity
meetin
gs o
ver
the
last
2 w
eeks)
it h
as b
ecom
e in
cre
asin
gly
appare
nt th
at
the D
EA
T a
nd
the
off
ice o
f th
e D
eputy
Min
iste
r h
ave n
ot re
ally
unders
tood
our
part
icula
r concern
s a
round t
he u
se o
f w
aste
tyr
es a
s A
FR
in c
em
ent
kiln
s.
This
part
icula
r de
bate
centr
es a
roun
d th
e w
aste
tyr
e r
egula
tions a
nd th
e
Gre
en L
evy
curr
ently
in p
lace to m
ake p
rovi
sio
n f
or
the d
isp
osal th
ere
of.
There
is n
o g
reen le
vy
curr
ently
in p
lace
. T
he le
vy
that
is p
rop
osed b
y th
e
tyre
ind
ustr
y is
at
volu
nta
ry le
vel, w
hic
h w
ill b
e im
ple
mente
d b
y th
e t
yre
ind
ustr
y. T
he levy
will
only
be p
ut in
pla
ce o
nce t
he t
yre r
egu
latio
ns h
ave
been
pro
mulg
ate
d a
nd t
he w
aste
tyr
e p
lan a
ppro
ved.
Basic
ally
the c
om
munity
gro
ups a
nd c
ivil
socie
ty s
ecto
r are
sa
ying
is th
at
we
can f
ind m
ore
constr
uctiv
e e
nd u
ses f
or
waste
tyr
es r
ath
er
than incin
era
tion
and t
hat
the G
reen L
evy
is t
he ide
al m
echanis
m w
ith w
hic
h t
o d
o th
is.
The p
lacin
g o
f a le
vy
on n
ew
tyr
es t
o e
nsure
th
e e
nvironm
enta
lly s
ound
managem
ent of
waste
tyr
es w
ill p
rom
ote
recyc
ling
initia
tive
s. T
he e
xis
ting
ty
re r
ecyc
ling ind
ustr
y w
ill a
lso b
e in
ce
ntivis
ed a
s the
y curr
ently
pa
y fo
r ty
res
and w
ith the
imple
menta
tion o
f th
e t
yre p
lan th
ey
will
be p
aid
for
tyre
s u
sed.
Once the r
egu
lations a
re p
rom
ulg
ate
d a
nd
the
sys
tem
to im
ple
ment th
e le
vy
is in
pla
ce, le
nd
ing instit
utio
ns w
ill b
e a
ble
to p
rovid
e lo
ans to n
ew
recyc
lers
. N
o loans w
ill b
e p
rovi
de
d w
itho
ut th
e c
ert
ain
ty o
f a s
up
ply
of
tyre
s.
All
we n
eed is s
om
e s
ort
of co-o
pera
tive g
ove
rnance f
rom
the D
EA
T, D
ME
, D
TI, S
cie
nce a
nd T
echno
log
y to
facili
tate
waste
tyr
e R
ecyc
ling a
nd R
euse
F
UN
DE
D b
y th
e G
reen L
evy
wh
ich w
e b
elie
ve w
ill h
ave e
noug
h C
apital f
or
at le
ast 5 r
ecyc
ling p
lants
and m
an
y lo
cal c
om
munity
job c
reation in
itia
tes if
it is
giv
en
the
chance.
The o
nly
restr
iction t
o th
e n
um
ber
of
recyc
ling p
lants
th
at can b
e b
uilt
is the
mark
et fo
r usin
g th
e r
ecyc
led m
ate
rial. U
ntil th
e m
ark
et exis
ts f
or
the u
se o
f all
the
mate
rial t
hat ca
n b
e r
ecyc
led f
rom
waste
tyr
es t
here
will
need t
o b
e a
m
ix o
f optio
ns. G
overn
ment is
supp
ort
ing w
aste
tyr
e r
ecyc
ling b
y e
nsurin
g
that
all
tyre
pro
ducers
an
d im
port
ers
are
required t
o b
elo
ng to a
waste
pla
n,
and r
equ
irin
g tha
t th
e w
aste
tyr
e r
ecyc
ling
mark
et be s
atu
rate
d b
efo
re t
yres
are
used f
or
energ
y re
co
very
. T
his
means that if a
ll th
e w
aste
tyr
es p
roduced
in t
he c
ou
ntr
y ca
n b
e r
ecyc
led th
ey
will
be.
Ho
we
ver,
this
will
not h
app
en if
th
e S
AT
RP
pe
op
le (
pre
sent
yeste
rda
y) a
re
to b
e b
elie
ved.
Basic
ally
th
ey
sa
id y
este
rda
y th
at o
nly
R30 m
illio
n w
ill b
e
ava
ilab
le o
ver
the n
ext 5
ye
ars
as C
ap
ital,
but o
ur
calc
ula
tio
ns b
elo
w b
ased
on th
eir o
wn f
igure
s s
ho
w t
hat th
is s
tate
ment is
untr
ue
! In
ord
er
to p
rom
ote
th
e W
aste
Tyr
e I
ndustr
y, "
an ince
ntiv
e b
ased a
ppro
ach
will
be a
dopte
d b
y th
e S
AT
RP
Com
pan
y to
encoura
ge
the e
sta
blis
hm
ent
and s
usta
inabili
ty o
f th
e W
aste
Tyr
e I
ndustr
y an
d to
th
is e
nd t
he W
aste
Tyr
e
User
will
:-
a)
be p
aid
a m
axim
um
esta
blis
hm
ent subsid
y of
R0.3
8/k
g o
f w
aste
tyr
es
receiv
ed f
rom
a W
aste
Tyr
e T
ransport
ers
for
the p
eri
od o
f th
e c
ontr
act
as a
ward
ed [th
roug
h th
e te
nder
pro
cess] to
a m
axim
um
period o
f five
ye
ars
, a
nd
b)
be p
aid
a m
axim
um
dis
posal f
ee o
f R
0.1
4/k
g o
f w
aste
tyr
es r
eceiv
ed
from
a W
aste
Tyr
e T
ransport
ers
for
the p
eri
od o
f th
e c
ontr
act.
"
Note
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
78
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
In th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s it is
ge
nera
lly th
oug
ht th
at b
udg
eting o
ne u
se
d t
yre p
er
head
of
the p
op
ula
tion p
er
annum
is a
reaso
nab
le w
ay
of
estim
atin
g th
e
pote
ntial num
ber
of
waste
tyr
es. T
he f
igure
that
SA
TR
P h
ave
be
en u
sin
g is
10 m
illio
n t
yres p
er
an
num
because t
his
is w
hat
has b
een p
ub
lish
ed.
10
mill
ion is p
rob
ab
ly a
conserv
ative e
stim
ate
. 1
0 m
illio
n t
yres a
ppare
ntly
equa
tes to 7
5 0
00 t
on
nes (
or
75 m
illio
n k
ilogra
ms)
of
waste
tyr
es. S
o,
75
000 t
onn
es x
38c =
R2
8.5
mill
ion p
er
annum
is a
vaila
ble
for
the
esta
blis
hm
ent subsid
y.
75 0
00 t
onn
es x
14 c
= R
10.5
mill
ion p
er
annum
is
ava
ilab
le f
or
the
dis
posal f
ee, a
ltho
ugh
ten
ders
ma
y be
at a lo
wer
rate
and
le
ss m
ay
be p
aid
out.
P
asseng
er
tyre
s c
an w
eig
h b
etw
een 6
and 1
0 k
ilogra
ms. L
et us a
vera
ge it
at ab
out
7.5
kg p
er
passeng
er
tyre
. If
we a
ssum
e that
ne
w t
yres a
re b
ou
ght
at th
e s
am
e r
ate
as t
yres b
ecom
e w
aste
, th
ere
will
be 1
0 m
illio
n t
yres
purc
hased e
ach y
ear.
T
he G
reen L
evy
bein
g b
and
ied a
bou
t in
th
e p
ress is
R
15 (
R2 p
er
kg)
while
the levy
mentio
ned in t
he d
raft
MO
A is R
20 (
R2.6
7)
per
tyre
. 1
0 m
illio
n t
yres x
R15 =
R1
50 m
illio
n. T
ake a
wa
y th
e R
28.5
m
illio
n a
nd
the
R10
.5 m
illio
n f
or
esta
blis
hm
ent sub
sid
ies a
nd d
isp
osal f
ees,
and w
e're left
with
R11
1 m
illio
n f
or
adm
inis
tration a
nd t
ransport
(R
151 if
we
assum
e a
R20
per
tyre
gre
en f
ee),
wh
ich s
eem
s r
ath
er
a lo
t.
Note
d.
Forg
ett
ing t
hat,
for
the m
om
ent, le
t us m
ake the f
ollo
win
g a
ssum
ptio
ns:
a)
Accord
ing to E
tien
ne H
um
an o
f S
AT
RP
Co, o
nly
4%
of
tyre
s a
re
curr
ently
be
ing r
ecyc
led,
an
d th
is thro
ugh o
ne e
sta
blis
hed a
nd o
ne n
ew
ty
re c
rum
bin
g f
acili
ty. H
e m
ain
tain
s th
at th
e m
ark
et fo
r cru
mb is
com
ple
tely
satu
rate
d (
alth
ough w
e h
ave s
om
e c
onflic
ting s
tori
es h
ere
) and t
hat
it is
too
expe
nsiv
e t
o e
xport
it.
In o
ther
word
s,
he d
oes n
ot
see th
is a
s a
gro
win
g m
ark
et. H
e s
ugg
ests
that
there
are
no o
ther
mark
ets
for
used t
yres.
So it
wo
uld
appe
ar
that
the
assum
ptio
n t
hat
SA
TR
P C
o a
nd t
he
ir
frie
nds the c
em
ent in
dustr
y are
work
ing o
n is
that
the c
em
ent in
dustr
y w
ill h
ave a
ccess to a
t le
ast
96%
of
the
tyr
es a
vaila
ble
. T
his
means that
the ind
ustr
y is
pro
ba
bly
ban
kin
g o
n r
ece
ivin
g R
27
.4 m
illio
n r
and in
esta
blis
hm
ent subsid
ies e
ach y
ear,
ove
r five y
ears
, w
hic
h is
alm
ost
R137 m
illio
n o
ver
this
perio
d.
This
is s
uff
icie
nt to
up
gra
de
nin
e k
ilns (
if w
e u
se
the
fig
ure
of
R15
mill
ion t
o u
pgra
de a
kiln
, w
hic
h w
as p
ub
lish
ed in R
isk M
ana
gem
ent)
.
In o
ther
word
s,
pote
ntially
the c
onsum
er
is g
oin
g t
o s
ubsid
ise
the
share
ho
lders
of
PP
C, N
PC
and H
olc
im to th
e tu
ne o
f n
ine f
ree k
iln
upgra
des a
nd R
137 m
illio
n.
The in
form
atio
n t
hat G
roun
dw
ork
has o
n th
is is
sue w
ould
be v
ery
inte
resting
to v
iew
, ho
we
ver,
the s
yste
m b
ein
g p
rop
osed b
y th
e S
AT
RP
does n
ot se
em
to
restr
ict a
ny
recyc
ling f
acili
ties.
The r
equirem
ent fo
r th
e r
ecyc
ling ind
ustr
y to
be s
atu
rate
d b
efo
re r
ecove
ry
will
ensure
th
at a
ny
recyc
ling in
itia
tives that
requ
ire t
yre
s w
ill r
eceiv
e them
.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
79
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
b)
If the c
em
ent in
dustr
y w
ere
to r
eceiv
e the
maxim
um
dis
posal f
ee o
f 14c, th
ey
wou
ld r
ece
ive R
50.4
mill
ion in d
isp
osal f
ees o
ver
five
years
. T
his
on top o
f an a
bou
t eq
ual s
avi
ng o
n c
oa
l its
elf. In o
ther
word
s,
ove
r a f
ive
ye
ar
perio
d th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y's n
et
inp
ut
costs
will
be
R100 m
illio
n less o
r, a
ll o
ther
thin
gs b
ein
g e
qua
l, t
heir n
et pro
fits
should
incre
ase b
y R
100 m
illio
n, a
t ze
ro c
ap
ital c
ost.
Whic
h is
all
very
nic
e f
or
the c
em
ent in
dustr
y b
ut I fe
el v
ery
unsure
as t
o w
hy
you a
nd
I
should
be
subsid
isin
g t
heir s
hare
ho
lders
.
The in
terp
reta
tion is n
ote
d.
c)
The m
em
ora
ndum
hard
ly a
ddre
sses the issue o
f th
e W
aste
Tyr
e
Tra
nsport
ers
, w
ho n
eve
rthe
less p
lays
quite a
n im
port
ant ro
le in th
e
whole
and a
lso s
tands to
share
in th
e R
111 m
illio
n o
f gre
en f
ees n
ot
yet
dis
burs
ed. A
ll w
e r
ea
lly k
now
about
them
is that
the
y are
"an
y pers
on o
r in
stitu
tion,
contr
acte
d a
s s
uch t
o th
e S
AT
RP
Co,
who
colle
cts
, tr
ansport
s, pre
pare
s f
or
deliv
ery
or
sto
res w
aste
tyr
es".
T
he
manner
in w
hic
h th
ey
sto
re t
he t
yres is
pre
cis
ely
re
gula
ted t
hro
ug
h th
e
Waste
Tyr
e R
egu
latio
ns.
The in
terp
reta
tion is n
ote
d.
d)
The E
ffectiv
e d
ate
of
the
ag
reem
ent is
the d
ate
of
pro
mulg
ation o
f th
e
Waste
Tyr
e R
egu
latio
ns.
The M
inis
ter
is to
ap
pro
ve t
he p
lan
, an
d p
rior
to a
ppro
val t
he p
lan w
ill b
e
ga
zette
d f
or
com
ment.
In s
um
mary
, m
ajo
r concern
s a
nd q
uestions r
ela
ting t
o t
he M
OA
are
: a)
The a
gre
em
ent is
a p
rivate
one b
etw
een D
EA
T a
nd S
AT
RP
Co,
wh
ich
repre
sents
th
e w
aste
tyr
e industr
y, a
com
ponent
of
whic
h is, it
app
ears
, th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y. W
hile
the M
OA
im
pacts
on a
larg
e n
um
ber
of
citi
zens, th
e p
ub
lic d
o n
ot (a
s f
ar
as w
e a
re a
ware
) g
et
a c
hance
to
part
icip
ate
in th
e p
rocess.
b)
In term
s o
f th
e M
OA
, th
e S
AT
RP
Co B
oard
ge
t to
make a
ll th
e
decis
ions r
egard
ing th
e e
xte
nt of
the g
ree
n le
vy
as w
ell
as h
ow
it ge
ts
share
d o
ut. O
nce
ag
ain
, d
espite
the
fact th
at th
ey
are
pa
yin
g f
or
eve
ryth
ing, th
ere
is n
o p
lace f
or
public
inpu
t or
com
ment.
T
he m
em
bers
of
SA
TR
P C
o e
lect six
directo
rs to r
epre
sent th
em
on
the b
oard
of
the c
om
pan
y. T
he r
epre
senta
tio
n o
n the
board
is in
rela
tion t
o t
he le
vy
contr
ibutions b
y each s
ecto
r to
th
e w
aste
tyr
e
colle
ction
fund. A
t pre
sent
the r
epre
senta
tion o
n th
e b
oard
is in t
he
ratio
thre
e f
rom
the m
anufa
ctu
rers
, tw
o f
rom
the im
port
ers
and o
ne
from
the r
etr
eaders
. A
dd
itio
nal directo
rs a
re a
ppo
inte
d t
o r
epre
se
nt th
e
the T
yre D
eale
rs (
TD
AF
A)
and o
ne f
rom
org
anis
ed la
bour
(NU
MS
A).
F
ina
lly a
CE
O is a
ppoin
ted b
ring
ing th
e tota
l num
ber
of
directo
rs to
ele
ven. T
his
means that th
e p
ublic
are
not e
ven r
epre
sente
d b
y govern
ment, e
ven t
hou
gh it
is the
pu
blic
's m
one
y th
at
is a
t w
ork
here
.
DE
AT
has o
pte
d n
ot to
ente
r in
to th
e M
OA
with t
he t
yre in
dustr
y but ra
ther
to
develo
p m
ore
deta
iled r
egu
lations. N
o M
OA
is t
here
fore
inte
nded t
o b
e
sig
ne
d.
The le
vy
is a
volu
nta
ry le
vel.
The a
mount of
the le
vy
has b
ee
n d
ete
rmin
ed b
y th
e t
yre ind
ustr
y o
n th
e b
asis
of
the a
mount re
quir
ed t
o im
ple
ment th
eir w
aste
m
anagem
ent optio
n.
Info
rmatio
n n
ote
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
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EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
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IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
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UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
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GE
80
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
c)
While
it is
th
e s
tate
d inte
ntion o
f th
e p
art
ies to t
he M
OA
to p
rom
ote
the
reductio
n a
nd r
e-c
yclin
g o
f w
aste
tyr
es in
South
Afr
ica,
there
is n
oth
ing
in t
he M
OA
whic
h ind
icate
s that th
ere
is a
ny
com
mitm
ent to
ge
nu
ine
recyc
ling r
ath
er
than e
nerg
y re
dem
ptio
n. C
ert
ain
ly, fr
om
SA
TR
P C
o's
poin
t of
vie
w,
to h
ave
a c
ou
ple
of
larg
e c
em
ent kiln
s h
appily
burn
ing u
p
all
the
waste
tyr
es in S
ou
th A
fric
a is
pro
bab
ly a
far
more
attra
ctive idea
than a
ttem
ptin
g to h
elp
set
up m
an
y sm
all
recyc
lers
.
d)
There
are
no s
afe
-gu
ard
s,
such a
s a
quota
sys
tem
, to
ensure
th
at ty
res
are
dis
trib
ute
d o
n a
basis
oth
er
than a
com
merc
ial on
e, w
hic
h m
eans
that th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y (a
ssum
ing the
ir E
IAs a
re p
assed)
is g
oin
g to
burn
up a
s m
an
y ty
res a
s t
he
y possib
ly c
an, re
ducin
g t
he p
ossib
ility
of
more
meanin
gfu
l recyc
ling initia
tives.
The p
lan w
ill b
e p
ub
lish
ed f
or
com
ment prior
to b
ein
g c
onsid
ere
d b
y th
e
Min
iste
r fo
r appro
val.
These is
sues c
an b
e r
ais
ed t
hro
ugh t
he c
om
ment
perio
d.
e)
Giv
en th
e a
vaila
bili
ty o
f th
e e
sta
blis
hm
ent le
vy,
th
is c
ou
ld b
e a
w
ond
erf
ul o
pport
unity
to c
reate
sm
all
susta
ina
ble
busin
esses. T
he
agre
em
ent, h
ow
eve
r, p
lace
s n
o o
blig
ation
up
on S
AT
RP
Co t
o d
evelo
p
an
y ne
w b
usin
ess o
r to
cre
ate
an
y ne
w jobs. T
he a
ttitude o
f S
AT
RP
C
o, as e
vid
enced in t
he n
ew
sp
apers
and t
hro
ug
h e
corr
esponde
nce, cert
ain
ly a
ppe
ars
to inclin
e t
ow
ard
s "
there
's n
ot m
uch
els
e w
e c
an d
o b
ut b
urn
".
Sm
all
busin
ess w
ill b
e e
nco
ura
ge
d a
s th
e u
sers
of
tyre
s w
ill b
e p
aid
sh
ou
ld
the
y ha
ve a
use
wh
ich is
environm
enta
lly s
oun
d.
f)
One h
as t
o q
uestion w
heth
er
incin
era
tion
, e
ven if
en
erg
y is
a b
y-pro
duct, c
an b
e e
quate
d t
o r
ecyc
ling. I
t ta
kes 1
20
MJ (
megajo
ule
s)
to
pro
duce o
ne
kilo
gra
m o
f ru
bber.
W
hen w
e b
urn
a t
yre
as f
uel,
we
recove
r a
bou
t 30
MJ p
er
kilo
gra
m -
in o
ther
word
s 9
0M
J is
lost fo
rever.
W
hen w
e m
ake a
kilo
gra
m o
f ru
bber
cru
mb fro
m the t
yre, ho
wever,
th
is
costs
us a
bout
2.2
MJ w
hic
h c
ould
be r
eg
ard
ed
as th
e loss, an
d th
e
recove
ry w
ould
be a
bout
118 M
J,
whic
h is q
uite a
su
bsta
ntial
diffe
rence.
The u
se o
f ty
res in c
em
ent kiln
s is
not re
gard
ed a
s r
ecyc
ling b
y th
e
Depart
ment but
rath
er
as e
nerg
y re
covery
.
Fro
m the a
bove 3
9 m
illio
n R
and w
ill b
e a
vaila
ble
ea
ch
ye
ar
for
5 y
ears
in
dis
posa
l and s
et
up f
ees. T
his
mone
y sho
uld
be
reserv
ed f
or
gen
uin
e
recyc
ling a
nd job
cre
ation initia
tives a
nd
not
be a
vaila
ble
AT
ALL t
o t
he
cem
ent in
dustr
y. If
the D
EA
T a
nd the P
rovi
nces w
ere
to a
llow
the
cem
ent
ind
ustr
ies to b
urn
waste
tyr
es the
y m
ust do s
o a
t th
eir o
wn r
efu
rbis
hm
ent
cost as the
y w
ill b
e m
akin
g la
rge s
avin
gs o
n f
uel costs
an
ywa
y.
For
these r
easons w
e c
om
pel th
e D
EA
T to e
xem
pt th
e c
em
ent and o
ther
coal b
urn
ing ind
ustr
y fr
om
bein
g a
be
neficia
ry to t
he w
aste
tyr
e g
reen L
evy!
I lo
ok f
orw
ard
to y
our
resp
onses.
See c
om
ment abo
ve.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
81
OF
86
28.
Mr
E O
tterm
an
, A
CM
P;
12/0
5/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Comment on Guideline for Treatment of Hazardous W
astes and Co-
processing of AFRs in Cement Kilns – Version 2 (SINTEF, 25/03/2008):
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P w
ou
ld lik
e to c
on
gra
tula
te t
he p
olic
y develo
pm
ent te
am
with t
he c
om
pila
tio
n o
f a c
om
pre
hensiv
e a
nd w
ell
str
uctu
red g
uid
elin
e d
ocum
ent fo
r th
e c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
in c
em
ent
kiln
s in
South
Afr
ica. T
he g
uid
elin
e w
ill p
rovid
e a
goo
d s
tart
ing
po
int fo
r a
ny
cem
ent kiln
imple
mentin
g t
he c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
. A
few
ge
nera
l com
ments
on the g
uid
elin
e a
nd t
he p
olic
y are
im
port
ant to
mentio
n. O
ther
com
ments
are
specific
to s
ectio
ns in t
he r
eport
.
Note
d.
1. T
he g
uid
elin
es r
eflect th
e b
est
pra
ctic
e f
or
cem
ent kiln
co-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
. H
ow
eve
r, it
is im
port
ant to
no
te t
hat
diffe
rent cem
ent kiln
do h
ave
opera
tio
nal diffe
rences that
make it
impossib
le to f
orm
ula
te a
sin
gle
polic
y m
eth
od f
or
each k
iln to o
pe
rate
un
der.
These g
uid
elin
es m
ust th
ere
fore
be
seen a
s a
gu
ide
line o
nly
. C
em
ent K
iln c
o-p
rocessin
g c
ond
itions w
ill b
e
dete
rmin
ed o
n a
case
by
case b
asis
, usin
g th
ese g
uid
elin
es a
s a
refe
rence.
The G
uid
elin
e h
as b
een d
eve
lop
ed t
o p
rovi
de a
ge
nera
l fra
mew
ork
for
the
develo
pm
ent of
site
specific
opera
tion
al, m
anagem
en
t and m
onito
ring
pla
ns.
These p
lans w
ou
ld b
e d
eve
lop
ed b
ased o
n e
ach p
art
icula
r kiln
’s
chara
cte
ristic
s, th
e w
aste
s to b
e c
o-p
rocessed e
tc.
2. It is im
port
ant to
no
te t
ha
t th
e g
uid
elin
e c
urr
ently
refe
rs to “
the c
o-
pro
cessin
g o
f alte
rnative
fuels
” as the
activi
ty t
o b
e g
uid
ed in t
he d
ocum
ent.
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P r
ecom
mend that
the p
olic
y docum
ent be t
itled,
to r
eflect a s
ynchro
nic
ity
with in
tern
atio
na
l term
inolo
gy,
as f
ollo
ws:
“NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
ICY
ON
TH
E H
IGH
TE
MP
ER
AT
UR
E T
RE
AT
ME
NT
OF
W
AS
TE
AN
D T
HE
CO
-PR
OC
ES
SIN
G O
F W
AS
TE
IN
CE
ME
NT
KIL
NS
”
The p
olic
y title c
onsid
ere
d n
ow
would
be: “P
OL
ICY
ON
WA
ST
E
INC
INE
RA
TIO
N A
ND
TH
E C
O-P
RO
CE
SS
ING
OF
WA
ST
E A
S
ALT
ER
NA
TIV
E F
UE
LS
OR
RA
W M
AT
ER
IALS
IN
CE
ME
NT
PR
OD
UC
TIO
N”.
Chapte
r 3
The in
trod
ucto
ry s
tate
ment giv
es th
e im
pre
ssio
n th
at a
ll w
aste
must be p
re-
pro
cessed b
efo
re intr
oduction into
a c
em
ent pla
nt. I
n f
act, there
are
man
y w
aste
str
eam
s that are
intr
oduced
into
the c
em
ent kiln
with
no p
re-
pro
cessin
g, fo
r exam
ple
tyr
es.
3.2
Dru
ms a
rriv
ing a
t a p
re-t
reatm
ent fa
cili
ty a
re s
am
ple
d a
nd a
na
lyse
d
diffe
rently
tha
n b
ulk
loads.
Dru
ms m
ay
ha
ve t
o b
e o
ff-loade
d b
efo
re b
ein
g
ana
lyse
d, a
nd t
hen c
olle
cte
d a
gain
by
the c
usto
mer
should
th
ey
be r
eje
cte
d.
3.3
Fig
ure
7 o
n P
age
31 s
ho
ws a
n e
xam
ple
of
a d
ecis
ion tre
e u
sed t
o
accept or
reje
ct a w
aste
for
co-p
rocessin
g in a
cem
ent kiln
. A
lthou
gh t
he f
low
ch
art
ind
icate
s, corr
ectly,
the p
rincip
les to b
e u
sed w
hen
develo
pin
g a
decis
ion tre
e f
or
accepting/r
eje
cting a
wa
ste
for
co-p
rocessin
g,
the p
ropert
ies m
entio
ned in
the f
low
ch
art
ma
y ch
ang
e f
rom
kiln
to k
iln.
This
means that, a
s c
orr
ectly
sta
ted
in the
report
, each
kiln
opera
tion m
ust
develo
p it’s
ow
n a
cce
pt/re
fuse d
ecis
ion c
hart
to
gu
ide
the intr
od
uction o
f w
aste
into
the c
em
ent p
lan
t fo
r co-p
rocessin
g.
Accepte
d tha
t m
an
y w
aste
s w
ou
ld n
ot re
quire
pre
-pro
cessin
g.
Note
d. A
ny
op
era
tiona
l pla
n d
eve
lop
ed in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
have
to r
eflect ap
pro
pri
ate
site
specific
pro
ced
ure
s.
Agre
ed.
An
y o
pera
tion
al pla
n d
evelo
ped
in term
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ou
ld h
ave
to
reflect site
specific
pro
ce
dure
s tha
t w
ould
ensure
on
ly a
ppro
pria
te w
aste
s
are
accepte
d.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
82
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Chapte
r 5
5.2
.4 T
he c
em
ent in
dustr
y, inte
rnation
ally
, has f
oun
d th
at th
e u
se o
f hand
he
ld G
eig
er
counte
rs is the b
est m
eth
od f
or
the d
ete
ction o
f possib
le
radio
active
co
nta
min
ation in a
rriv
ing w
aste
mate
ria
ls.
Note
d. A
ny
op
era
tiona
l pla
n d
eve
lop
ed in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
have
to r
eflect ap
pro
pri
ate
site
specific
pro
ced
ure
s that
wo
uld
ensure
an
y ra
dio
activi
ty is e
ffectiv
ely
dete
cte
d.
C
hapte
r 7
7.2
The A
CM
P s
upp
ort
s a
lim
it on the s
tora
ge t
imes f
or
ha
zard
ous w
aste
s
especia
lly a
t pre
-pro
cessin
g f
acili
ties.
Ho
we
ver,
cem
ent op
era
tion
s d
o h
ave
do
wn p
erio
ds o
f up to
4 w
eeks d
uring
whic
h m
ain
tenance
is p
erf
orm
ed D
urin
g th
is tim
e the w
aste
mate
rials
must
be s
tore
d s
om
ew
here
in th
e s
upp
ly c
hain
fro
m the w
aste
gen
era
tor
to th
e
cem
ent kiln
. A
lso c
em
ent kiln
s n
eed a
consis
ten
t supp
ly o
f m
ate
rial at th
e f
acto
ry t
o
ensure
contin
uous s
table
opera
tion.
There
fore
it is
recom
mended tha
t th
e m
axim
um
sto
rage tim
es a
re e
xte
nded
for
specia
l occasio
ns, lik
e a
kiln
shutd
ow
n,
to e
nsure
th
at th
e s
upp
ly c
ha
in
can b
e e
ffectiv
ely
manage
d.
Lim
iting t
he s
tora
ge t
imes to those
indic
ate
d in t
he g
uid
elin
e d
ocum
ent
will
m
ake the e
ffectiv
e m
anage
ment of
the s
upply
ch
ain
difficult.
All
these t
imes
will
cause is th
e e
sta
blis
hm
ent of
an
oth
er
sto
rage
site
. 7.3
Althou
gh A
CM
P s
up
port
s the e
nclo
se
d s
tora
ge o
f solid
waste
in g
enera
l th
ere
are
specific
cases w
here
th
is is
no
t re
quire
d, fo
r exam
ple
for
tyre
s
open
sto
rag
e is
perf
ectly
accepta
ble
, accord
ing to
the
Basel T
echnic
al
Guid
elin
es.
This
matter
was d
iscussed a
t th
e P
rovin
cia
l meetin
g a
nd a
decis
ion t
aken
that th
e t
imefr
am
es s
hould
rem
ain
.
Note
d. A
ny
op
era
tiona
l pla
n d
eve
lop
ed in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
have
to r
eflect ap
pro
pri
ate
site
specific
pro
ced
ure
s that
wo
uld
ensure
waste
is
sto
red in c
om
plia
nce w
ith r
ele
vant le
gis
lative r
eq
uirem
ents
an
d d
oes n
ot
pose a
sig
nific
ant risk to th
e e
nvi
ronm
ent.
Chapte
r 8
8.2
Cem
ent kiln
s a
round
th
e w
orl
d u
se w
aste
oil,
as a
sta
rt u
p f
uel, to h
ea
t th
e k
iln p
rior
to th
e intr
od
uctio
n o
f coal.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that th
is b
e
accepte
d in t
he g
uid
elin
e.
8.3
The m
em
bers
of
the A
CM
P f
ee
l th
at th
e p
erc
enta
ges in
sert
ed a
t th
e e
nd
of
the p
ara
gra
ph;
“The m
ain
fuel (
65%
to 8
5%
) …
..re
main
ing 1
5%
-35%
......”
must be r
em
ove
d. T
he p
erc
enta
ges g
ive a
fals
e im
pre
ssio
n t
hat th
e
conve
ntiona
l fuel m
ust alw
ays
deliv
er
more
than 6
5%
of
the h
eat n
eed
of
a
kiln
. T
his
is n
ot tr
ue a
s t
here
are
man
y kiln
that
de
liver
much m
ore
than 3
5%
of
their h
eat
nee
d f
rom
the c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f w
aste
. F
igure
9 ind
icate
s s
ug
geste
d f
eed p
oin
ts f
or
the c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f solid
w
aste
mate
rials
. T
he f
igure
om
its the m
ain
burn
er
as a
feed p
oin
t. M
an
y fine, solid
waste
s c
an b
e f
ed to t
he k
iln f
rom
the m
ain
burn
er.
The r
equirem
ent not
to a
llow
waste
s to
be f
ed into
th
e k
iln a
t sta
rt u
p a
nd
shut do
wn w
ould
be r
eta
ine
d.
Note
d.
Agre
ed.
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OJE
CT
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MM
EN
TS
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D R
ES
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NS
E R
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OR
T
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AR
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T O
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GE
83
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Chapte
r 9
9.1
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that th
e s
tate
ment
“No w
aste
sh
ou
ld b
e f
ed a
s p
art
of
the
ra
w m
ix f
eed if
it c
onta
ins o
rgan
ics”
Is r
epla
ce
d w
ith;
“No w
aste
sh
ou
ld b
e f
ed a
s p
art
of
the
ra
w m
ix f
eed if
it c
onta
ins v
ola
tile
org
an
ics a
nd h
as a
n o
rganic
carb
on c
onte
nt
of m
ore
th
an 1
0%
” M
an
y tr
aditio
nal ra
w m
ate
rials
used in th
e c
em
ent in
dustr
y conta
in v
ola
tile
org
an
ics a
nd a
lso o
rga
nic
carb
on. T
o m
ake this
gu
idelin
e, fo
r th
e o
rga
nic
conte
nt
zero
, w
ill b
e v
ery
difficult
for
it to
be m
ain
tain
ed
. In
add
ition t
he lim
it fo
r org
anic
conte
nt
in t
he r
aw
mate
ria
ls s
hou
ld b
e d
ete
rmin
ed s
epara
tely
for
each c
em
ent kiln
. 9.2
Under
poin
t b
of
this
se
ctio
n t
he a
uth
or
recom
mends that
altern
ative r
aw
m
ate
rials
with
org
anic
com
pone
nts
shou
ld n
ot
be intr
oduced w
ith o
ther
raw
m
ate
rials
into
th
e p
rocess,
unle
ss tests
ha
ve s
ho
wn t
hat th
e u
ndesire
d
em
issio
ns a
t th
e s
tack to n
ot occur.
T
he A
CM
P s
upp
ort
s th
is r
ecom
mendatio
n f
rom
Dr.
Ka
rste
nsen
Poin
t d
describ
es f
eed p
oin
t sele
ction f
or
min
era
l add
itions. It is
recom
mended to
modify
the s
tate
ment as f
ollo
ws:
“Min
era
l add
itions s
uch a
s g
ranu
late
d b
last fu
rnace
sla
g, fly
ash f
rom
th
erm
al p
ow
er
pla
nts
or
ind
ustr
ial g
ypsum
, can b
e f
ed t
o the
cem
ent m
ill
and a
lso t
o th
e r
aw
mix
of
a k
iln”
This
reflects
that th
e m
ate
rials
mentio
ned a
re a
lso s
uitable
as r
aw
mate
ria
l add
itions to t
he k
iln p
rocess, in
add
ition t
o b
ein
g s
uita
ble
for
use a
s m
inera
l add
itive
s.
9.3
.1 T
he A
CM
P a
gre
es w
ith the
recom
mendatio
n t
hat
the f
eed
ing
of
waste
to
th
e k
iln s
ho
uld
on
ly t
ake p
lace w
he
n th
e k
iln is o
pera
ting a
t norm
al
tem
pera
ture
s (
1100
°C to
1600°C
in th
e b
urn
ing z
on
e).
Althou
gh it
is d
ifficult
to m
easure
these t
em
pera
ture
s d
irectly,
vario
us p
roce
ss p
ara
mete
rs c
an b
e
used to
ensure
tha
t th
ese t
em
pera
ture
s a
re m
ain
tain
ed.
With
regard
to
the
exam
ple
d m
entio
ne
d in p
age 7
1, T
he A
CM
P r
ecogn
ises
that th
ese a
re e
xam
ple
s o
f conditio
ns f
or
the c
o-p
roce
ssin
g o
f w
aste
in a
kiln
and w
ill b
e a
da
pte
d to t
he k
iln u
nder
co
nsid
era
tion.
The A
CM
P r
ecom
mends that th
e w
ord
s “
auto
matic
shutd
ow
n”
be r
epla
ced
with
“th
e in
itiation o
f a s
hutd
ow
n p
roced
ure
” in
the
top
para
gra
ph o
f pa
ge
71. T
his
reflects
the t
hin
kin
g tha
t, f
or
safe
opera
tion
of
a c
em
ent pla
nt, a
ll shutd
ow
ns a
re t
o b
e d
one f
ollo
win
g a
defined p
roced
ure
, w
heth
er
auto
matic
or
manual o
r a
com
bin
ation
there
of.
Note
d. A
ny
op
era
tiona
l pla
n d
eve
lop
ed in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
have
to r
eflect ap
pro
pri
ate
site
specific
pro
ced
ure
s that
wo
uld
ensure
waste
feed is
regula
ted a
ccord
ing t
o o
rga
nic
carb
on c
onte
nt to
ensure
com
ple
te
destr
uctio
n th
ere
of
and
co
mplia
nce w
ith e
mis
sio
n s
tandard
s.
Note
d.
The p
olic
y a
nd g
uid
elin
e is c
onsid
ere
d r
ele
vant
to c
o-p
rocessin
g o
f A
FR
in
cem
ent pro
ductio
n,
wh
ich inclu
des the u
se o
f cert
ain
waste
str
eam
s a
s
min
era
l add
itio
ns,
and
/or
co-p
rocessin
g a
s a
ltern
ative
raw
mate
ria
ls in th
e
kiln
. N
ote
d.
Note
d. A
ny
op
era
tiona
l pla
n d
eve
lop
ed in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
have
to r
eflect ap
pro
pri
ate
kiln
specific
pro
ced
ure
s that
wo
uld
ensure
shu
tdo
wn is
eff
ecte
d a
s r
equire
d in th
e m
ost eff
icie
nt m
anner
so a
s to e
limin
ate
an
y sig
nific
an
t im
pact.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
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EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
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IRO
NM
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TA
L A
FF
AIR
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TO
UR
ISM
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PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
84
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Chapte
r 11
11.5
Activa
ted c
arb
on t
ech
nolo
gy
has n
ot
bee
n e
xte
nsiv
ely
use
d b
y th
e
cem
ent in
dustr
y. T
here
are
only
3 k
now
n c
em
ent opera
tions t
hat
use
activ
ate
d c
arb
on tech
nolo
gy,
one in E
uro
pe a
nd t
wo in
the U
SA
. C
urr
ently
The E
U B
AT
refe
rence d
ocum
enta
tion d
oes n
ot co
nsid
er
activa
ted c
arb
on
techno
log
y as B
AT
. T
he m
em
bers
suggest th
at th
is r
efe
rence is
rem
ove
d.
The g
uid
elin
e p
rovi
des s
om
e in
form
atio
n o
n p
ollu
tio
n a
bate
ment, b
ut is
not
pre
scriptive
in t
his
re
gard
. A
ir p
ollu
tion
contr
ol e
quip
ment m
ust ho
we
ver
ensure
th
at th
e e
mis
sio
n s
tandard
requ
irem
ents
are
com
plie
d w
ith.
Chapte
r 14 —
Sug
geste
d P
erm
it C
onditio
ns
14.1
The d
eta
ilin
g o
f th
e o
rgan
isationa
l str
uctu
re o
f a p
lant in
th
e p
erm
it docum
ent is
de
em
ed to b
e e
xcessiv
e. T
he n
am
e a
nd c
onta
ct
deta
ils o
f th
e
genera
l manager
of
the o
pera
tion s
ho
uld
be
suff
icie
nt.
Oth
erw
ise t
he p
erm
it w
ould
have to b
e a
mended
with
each o
rga
nis
ation
al c
hang
e a
t th
e
opera
tio
n, th
us m
an
y tim
es p
er
year.
This
wo
uld
pla
ce a
n e
xcessiv
e
adm
inis
trative
burd
en o
n th
e s
tate
. P
roduct
qua
lity
co
ntr
ol r
outines a
re n
orm
ally
part
of
the
opera
tio
na
l contr
ol
of
a c
em
ent fa
cto
ry a
nd r
em
ain
com
pan
y pri
vile
ge
d in
form
atio
n. It is
recom
mended th
at th
is is
rem
ove
d f
rom
the d
ocum
ent.
The e
xpecte
d lifetim
e o
f a q
uarr
y is
consid
ere
d a
s c
om
pan
y pri
vile
ged
info
rmatio
n. It is r
ecom
mended t
hat
this
is r
em
ove
d f
rom
the d
ocum
ent.
Rele
vant con
tact d
eta
ils, e
.g. G
en
era
l M
an
ager,
En
vironm
enta
l Mana
ger
etc
. needs t
o b
e inclu
ded,
but
it is
agre
ed th
at th
e w
ho
le c
om
pan
y str
uctu
re m
ay
be e
xcessiv
e. C
ond
itions f
or
auth
ori
sation w
ou
ld r
eflect
an
y specific
re
quirem
ents
in th
is r
egard
. Q
ualit
y contr
ol p
roce
dure
s n
eeds t
o b
e inclu
ded t
o t
he
leve
l th
at a
uth
ori
ties
are
satis
fied t
hat
the p
rod
uct is
ade
qua
tely
co
ntr
olle
d in term
s o
f an
y eff
ects
A
FR
co-p
rocessin
g m
ay
ha
ve.
The q
uarr
y o
pera
tio
ns w
ou
ld to a
larg
e e
xte
nt
be r
egula
ted t
hro
ugh m
inin
g
leg
isla
tio
n. T
he lifetim
e o
f a q
uarr
y is
ke
y in
de
term
inin
g c
ontinu
ous
rehab
ilita
tio
n o
ptio
ns a
nd f
inancia
l pro
vis
ion f
or
rehab
ilita
tion
. 14.4
The r
ecom
mended info
rmatio
n a
nd
cond
itio
ns f
or
each A
FR
in th
e
perm
it are
very
pre
scriptive
and w
ill m
ake the p
erm
it very
difficult
to e
nfo
rce.
Althou
gh t
he A
CM
P s
up
port
s toug
h a
nd w
ell
writt
en r
egula
tion o
f it’s
opera
tio
ns, th
ese
ne
ed t
o b
e w
ritt
en s
o t
hat
the
y ca
n b
e im
ple
mente
d a
nd
managed. It is r
ecom
mended th
at th
e info
rmatio
n r
equ
irem
ents
in th
e p
erm
it re
com
mendatio
ns b
e s
implif
ied,
with t
he f
ollo
win
g r
em
ove
d;
Info
rmatio
n o
n th
e o
rigin
an
d s
upp
liers
. T
his
ma
y ha
ve a
dra
stic
eff
ect on
the c
usto
mer/
supplie
r re
lations.
Info
rmatio
n o
n th
e t
ype
, volu
me, m
ass e
tc to b
e r
estr
icte
d t
o th
e t
ype o
f w
aste
and t
o a
tab
le o
f m
axi
mum
and m
inim
um
valu
es f
or
the
chara
cte
ristic
s o
f th
e m
ate
rial.
14.5
The o
pera
tio
na
l cond
itio
ns d
escribed
in these
recom
mendatio
ns w
ill
make the p
erm
its v
ery
difficu
lt to
manage. O
pera
tion
al in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut a
cem
ent pla
nt, inclu
din
g the
qua
lity
of
the c
linker
and c
em
ent, a
re c
om
pan
y privile
ge
d info
rmatio
n a
nd.
To in
clu
de th
ese w
ould
req
uire t
he d
issem
inatio
n
of
info
rmatio
n t
hat ca
n n
ot
be d
ivulg
ed f
or
com
petitive
reasons-
As m
ost of
these r
eq
uirem
ents
ha
ve b
een d
esig
ned
to e
nsure
tha
t th
e e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
th
e c
em
ent pla
nt re
main
un
aff
ecte
d it
is r
ecom
mended
that th
e p
erm
it fo
cus
on th
e e
mis
sio
ns f
rom
the c
em
ent kiln
, ra
ther
than f
ocu
sin
g o
n th
e
opera
tio
nal para
mete
rs.
Note
d. D
eta
iled
pro
-form
a c
onditio
ns h
ave
bee
n d
eve
loped
takin
g t
hese
com
ments
into
consid
era
tion.
PR
OJE
CT
CO
MM
EN
TS
AN
D R
ES
PO
NS
E R
EP
OR
T
© D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TA
L A
FF
AIR
S &
TO
UR
ISM
; SE
PT
EM
BE
R 2
00
8
PA
GE
85
OF
86
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Ann
ex 1
P
ag
e 9
9 T
he li
mits
suggeste
d b
y th
e E
coS
ca
n r
ep
ort
are
gen
era
l gu
ide
line
limits
, and c
anno
t be
used a
s a
bsolu
tes f
or
the
input
of
cert
ain
ele
ments
into
th
e c
em
ent kiln
. T
he in
put
tole
rances f
or
diffe
rent ele
ments
in c
em
ent kiln
s
depe
nd o
n t
he c
hara
cte
ristics o
f a p
art
icula
r kiln
an
d h
ave
to b
e d
ete
rmin
ed
thro
ug
h tech
nic
al i
nvestig
ation.
Thus the inp
ut lim
its f
or
each k
iln w
ill b
e
diffe
rent.
Agre
ed. In
put
limits
are
ho
wever
not sp
ecific
ally
pre
scribed,
an
d a
ny
opera
tio
nal pla
n d
eve
lop
ed
in t
erm
s o
f th
e g
uid
elin
e w
ould
ha
ve to r
eflect
appro
priate
kiln
specific
wa
ste
feed p
roce
dure
s th
at
would
ensure
rele
vant
sta
ndard
s a
nd c
ond
itions a
re c
om
plie
d w
ith.
As s
tate
d b
efo
re t
he A
CM
P r
em
ain
s s
upport
ive o
f th
e p
olic
y de
velo
pm
ent
pro
cess a
nd a
ppre
cia
tes t
he c
o-o
pera
tion b
etw
een g
ove
rnm
ent, industr
y and s
takeho
lders
durin
g th
e d
eve
lopm
ent of
this
po
licy.
Note
d.
29.
Mr
P B
oth
a,
Afr
iSam
(H
olc
im);
07/0
5/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Refe
rrin
g to
our
dis
cussio
n r
egard
ing t
he t
erm
inolo
gy
used in
the
nam
ing o
f th
e "
Nation
al P
olic
y of
Hig
h T
em
pera
ture
Therm
al W
ast
e T
reatm
ent"
(d
ocum
ent 6601
1-X
X a
nd 6
6011-0
2),
we
sugg
est th
e f
ollo
win
g:
•
The w
ord
"use"
to b
e r
ep
laced b
y "c
o-p
rocessin
g"
in t
he title
. C
o-
pro
cessin
g is a
n inte
rnatio
nally
accepte
d term
.
•
"Alte
rnative
Fue
l" t
o b
e r
ep
laced b
y "A
ltern
ative
Fue
l and R
aw
M
ate
rial"
as c
o-p
rocessin
g e
nta
ils t
he u
sa
ge o
f th
e m
inera
ls in th
e
waste
and n
ot o
nly
the r
eco
very
of
calo
rific v
alu
e a
s F
uel.
•
In th
e s
ub t
itle
the w
ord
"ha
zard
ous"
sh
ould
be r
em
ove
d a
s n
ot on
ly
ha
zard
ous w
aste
ca
n b
e c
o-p
rocessed b
ut
oth
er
"non h
aza
rdo
us
waste
" as w
ell
These s
uggestions m
ight b
e s
een a
s s
em
antic
but
in a
leg
al f
ram
ew
ork
it
can c
lose o
r op
en v
ari
ous d
oors
.
Info
rmatio
n r
efe
rence a
nd litera
ture
re
vie
w d
ocum
ents
develo
pe
d to info
rm
the p
olic
y pro
cess c
onsulte
d n
um
ero
us r
esourc
es a
nd
inte
rnation
al lit
era
ture
, w
hic
h u
se d
iffe
rent te
rmin
olo
gie
s. T
he f
inal po
licy
docu
ment and o
ther
regula
tory
docum
ents
(e.g
. em
issio
n s
tandard
s)
wo
uld
ho
we
ver
use
sta
ndard
ised t
erm
s a
s s
uggeste
d.
30.
Mr
S P
rith
iraj, T
herm
op
ow
er
Pro
cess T
ech
no
log
y;
15/0
5/2
008
Co
mm
en
ts
Resp
on
se
Ple
ase f
ind a
ttached t
he info
rmatio
n o
n T
herm
opow
er
Pro
cess T
echnolo
gy
as d
iscussed.
As p
er
the issue r
ais
ed a
t th
e last sta
kehold
er
meetin
g b
y D
r.C
hristo
s a
bout
Therm
opo
wer
no
t be
ing inclu
ded in
the w
rite
-up o
n w
aste
in
cin
era
tion p
lants
, I
ha
ve t
hus f
ar
com
pile
d in
form
atio
n o
n o
ur
com
pan
y w
hic
h y
ou c
an inclu
de
in y
our
report
befo
re the
fin
al dra
ft is
pub
lish
ed.
As p
er
our
con
vers
ation y
ou d
id ind
icate
that
the 1
3 p
age d
ocum
ent is
fin
e.
You h
ave
Therm
opow
er’s p
erm
issio
n th
us f
ar
to u
se a
ll th
e info
rmatio
n
pro
vid
ed in th
is d
ocum
ent, t
here
fore
it c
an b
e p
ublis
he
d in
the
pu
blic
dom
ain
. T
hank y
ou v
ery
much f
or
your
tim
e a
nd c
onsid
era
tion in t
his
re
gard
. P
lease c
an y
ou f
orw
ard
the
fin
al docum
ent to
us o
nce T
herm
opow
er’
s
info
rmatio
n h
as b
een inclu
ded in th
e d
ocum
ent.
Note
d. P
lease b
e a
dvi
se
d t
hat th
e c
urr
ent
po
licy
de
velo
pm
ent pro
cess
consid
ers
th
e h
igh
tem
pera
ture
th
erm
al t
reatm
ent of
waste
, a
nd d
oes n
ot
attem
pt to
eva
luate
specific
therm
al t
reatm
ent te
chn
olo
gie
s (
e.g
. in
cin
era
tion,
pyr
oly
sis
, gasific
ation
etc
.).
T
hro
ugh f
utu
re p
roje
cts
in D
EA
T, specific
ally
th
e A
fric
an S
tockpile
s
Pro
gra
mm
e (
AS
P),
an a
sse
ssm
ent of
part
icula
r tr
eatm
ent te
chno
log
ies w
ill
be c
on
ducte
d,
wh
ich w
ould
consid
er
and
assess e
xis
ting tre
atm
ent
techno
log
ies in t
he c
ountr
y, in
clu
din
g t
hat
of
Therm
opow
er.
PROJECT COMMENTS AND RESPONSE REPORT
© DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS & TOURISM; SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 86 OF 86
ANNEXURE 1:
Detailed Comments from Mr A Watson o.b.o. groundWork (20/12/2007)
