National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed. ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ BRADY Introduction to Outdoor Emergency Care

National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed. ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ

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Introduction to Outdoor Emergency Care

Chapter 1


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Objectives

1.1 Describe the evolution and purpose of the National Ski Patrol’s OEC program.

1.2 Describe the history of the National Ski Patrol.

1.3 Identify the founder of the National Ski Patrol.

1.4 Describe the role of National Ski Patrol in the formation of the U.S. Army’s 10th Mountain Division. continued


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Objectives

1.5 Compare and contrast the OEC textbook and OEC course/curriculum.

1.6 Describe the organization of the OEC worktext and its use during an OEC course or OEC refresher course.

1.7 Describe the OEC certification and recertification processes.

1.8 Contrast the standard of training and standard of care. continued


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Objectives

1.9 Define the following legal terms:a. abandonment

b. assault

c. battery

d. breach of duty

e. consent

f. duty to act

g. negligence

continued


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Objectives

1.10 Describe the following forms of consent:a. expressed consent

b. implied consent

c. informed consent

d. minor consent

1.11 Describe the impact of Good Samaritan laws on volunteer rescuers.


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Topics

National Ski Patrol’s Early Years OEC Today Ethical and Legal Issues Chapter Summary


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Case Presentation

You have completed your OEC training and are ski patrolling alone.

You receive a call regarding an accident in the parking lot of a condominium complex next to the resort, which you have jurisdiction to provide medical services.

The call is for an eight-year-old girl who appears to have been hit by a car that has left the scene.

continued


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Case Presentation

Upon your arrival, you find the child lying on the ground holding her leg. She is crying and asking for her parents.

An adult man says he was walking by and found the child. He states he is not related to the child nor does he know her.


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National Ski Patrol’s Early Years

1936: Minnie Dole injured skiing

1936: Frank Edson dies in ski accident

1938: Dole organizes first volunteer “ski patrols”

1938: Dole forms NSPS under NSA per Roger Langley


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National Ski Patrol Goes to War

1942: NSPS initiates first AF S&R Units with Second AF

1941: Dole convinces CoS, USA to form 87th

infantry regiment

1943: 87th transfers to CO; expanded to 10th Mountain Division

1944-1945: 10th MD fights in Italy


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The Birth of OEC

1980: NSP receives federal charter

1953: NSPS separates from NSA, forms NSP

1985: “Winter Emergency Care” textbook created for ski patrollers


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OEC Today

Urban v. Wilderness Evidence Based US DOT EMR


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Training: The Focus of the OEC Program


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Methods of Learning


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Course Evaluation


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Certification and RecertificationRequirements

RecertificationRecertification

OEC Course

Refresh

er 1

Initial CertificationInitial Certification

3 Years1 Year

Refresh

er 2

Refresh

er 3

Refresh

er 4


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Case Update

The young child's parent is unavailable, but because she is injured, she needs care; you cannot leave.

The adult present saw the car that hit the child and remembers the license plate number. You ask him to stay, to get this information once the child has received care.

You call for more help and EMS transport, and ask for management to assist you on scene with the legal matters.

continued


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Case Update

As other OEC technicians arrive, you instruct some to help with the splinting and transportation of the girl, while others obtain information from the adult male present. One summons the police. Another begins the process of locating the child's parents.


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Duty to Act / Abandonment

If in uniform as an OEC Technician, you have a legal duty to act.

If you are trained and not in uniform, you have a moral duty to act.

Nontrained individuals do not have a duty to act.


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Negligence and Breach of Duty

Performance below standards of training can be considered negligence.

Failure to perform a promised act or obligation of due care can be considered breach of duty.


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Assumption of Risk

A legal principle that protects patrollers.

A skier assumes the risk of skiing downhill

A skier assumes the risk


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Documentation

Accurate documentation critical Detailed description of accident

situation Names of all involved with contact

information Include weather conditions


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Scope of Training

NationalOEC

LocalProtocols

Standard ofCare


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Joint Statement of Understanding

An agreement between the National Ski Patrol and the National Ski Area Association

OEC Technicians are agents of the ski area

NSP cannot set protocols NSP not held liable for protocol

decisions


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Consent

Understand and distinguish different forms of consent:

Express content Informed Content Implied Consent Minor Consent

continued


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Consent


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Assault and Battery

Battery is touching someone who does not wish to be touched. This could be as simple as laying your hand on someone to treating a competent adult who is refusing care.

Assault is threatening to, or causing a person to feel as if you may hurt them.


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Judgment

1. Provide the first-aid care within your standard of training,

2. Practice and maintain your skills so you can remain proficient in providing first-aid care

3. Use good judgment and planning to manage the medical and legal aspects of the accident scene in a safe manner.


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Training

Copyright Scott Smith


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EMS System Regulations

Standard ofTraining

Standard of Care Local EMSRegulations


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Patient Privacy

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) a law that addresses the confidentiality of the electronic transmission of medical records; applies to medical personnel who are compensated for service.

HIPAA was enacted to protect the privacy of an individual’s medical information.


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Patient Privacy

Some paid OEC Techs might be subject to HIPAA requirements.

Even though most volunteer patrols are exempt from HIPAA laws, that exemption does not mean there should be no attempt to keep private the medical information obtained from an injured skier


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Teamwork

Copyright Mike Halloran


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Case Disposition

You care for the girl, rendering first aid until the ambulance arrives. Following your report to the EMT and paramedic, they take over transporting her to the hospital.

Management arrives, as do the police, and you direct them to the witness, so that his statement may be obtained.

continued


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Case Disposition

The girl’s parents are found in their condominium, and you explain to them what happened. While the mother accompanies her daughter to the hospital, you go back to the aid room and complete your paperwork.

The next day, the mother calls the patrol room to tell you her daughter has a new cast on her leg and will be all right. Management informs you that the police found the driver who hit the girl.


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Chapter Summary

NSP was founded by Minnie Dole in 1938 OEC cert is Standard of training Terminology used is the same for all

providers Local management will establish standards Obtain consent whenever possible

Documents

National Ski Patrol, Outdoor Emergency Care, 5th Ed. ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ BRADY Introduction to Outdoor Emergency Care