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Nationalism Grows

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Many republicans supported a stronger national government after the war The most important nationalist was Henry Clay of Kentucky Clay was a senator, member of the House of Representatives, and Speaker of the House in 1811

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Clay Clay wanted to increase federal involvement in the economy Clays plan was known as the American System

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The American System The American System had 3 main parts A national bank for the federal government to borrow money from so it would no longer have to borrow different banks A national transportation system to unite northern manufacturers, western farmers, and southern planters Closer federal supervision of the economy

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Clays American System Of the United States Transportation federal supervision of the economy

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Support for Clay Public demand for a national currency was growing January 8, 1816 John C. Calhoun of South Carolina introduces a bill for the Second bank of the United States Madison signs the Bill April 10 th

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The Tariff of 1816 Clay also called for a protective tariff British manufacturers were able to sell goods at a cheaper price then American manufacturers The Tariff of 1816 placed a 25 percent duty on most imported factory goods Northern manufacturers supported the tariff New England importers and southern farmers opposed it because they relied on British goods

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Convention of 1818 Both the US and Britain had the right to fish in the disputed waters US Canada border was set at the 49 th parallel west to the Rocky Mountains The Oregon Territory would be jointly occupied for 10 years

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Spain in America Spain owns Florida 1810 American settlers had taken over a Spanish fort in West Florida Madison had sent troops to the area and controlled West Florida by 1814 Spain could not resist the US takeover of West Florida

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Florida Secretary of State John Quincy Adams is sent to negotiate the purchase of Florida with Spanish minister Louis de Onis Violence in East Florida by Seminole Indians threatened the negotiations Monroe needed to use force

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The First Seminole War Monroe sends Andrew Jackson to Florida The conflict will be known as the First Seminole War Jacksons forces cross into East Florida and capture Spanish Forts People in Europe are outraged by Jacksons actions, but Americans support the invasion

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Conflict with Spain Monroe and his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams Refused to apologize for Jackson's actions and accused Spain of breaking the Pinckney Treaty by not controlling the Seminoles.

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Dealing with Spain Monroe declared Jackson acted on his own attacking Florida and did not have presidential authority Monroe returns the captured forts to Spain Adams continues negotiations with Onis Spain must control the Seminoles or Cede East Florida to the US

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Adams-Onis Treaty Spain could not send military force to fight the Seminoles Spain ceded Florida to the US in the Adams-Onis Treaty

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Latin America Many Latin American States were declaring independence from European powers The US issued an official policy recognizing the new Latin American republics

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Simon Bolivar Bolivar led many Latin American revolution He was nicknamed the Liberator He wanted one large nation in South America like the United States

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Free Latin States Monroe realized that these Latin American states were not secure Monroe sends a letter to Thomas Jefferson stating We would view an interference in Latin America on the part of the European powers as an attack on ourselves

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Russia 1821 Russia extended its claim in Northwest North America South to the 51 st parallel John Quincy Adams warned the US would not tolerate more colonies on the American continents

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Monroe Doctrine December 2, 1823 Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine US will not interfere with existing European colonies The US would consider European attempts to regain colonies or establish new ones as an attack on the United States and a danger to our peace and safety

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Monroe Doctrine Some people supported the doctrine Others believed it may drag the US into foreign wars The US has taken on the self-proclaimed role as guarantor of liberties Latin America would not be threatened for a long time Britain, Spain, and France were busy with their own conflicts and Russia abandoned land claims in the Pacific Northwest

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The United States is considered by some the police force of the world today. Do you believe the Monroe Doctrine was the start of this movement by the US? Do you agree with the United States policy during the Monroe Presidency and today? Explain your opinion on each topic in a well developed essay.

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Missouri Compromise Missouri wanted to become a state If it became a state there would be more slave states then free states In 1820 Henry Clay wrote the Missouri Compromise Maine would enter the union as a free state and Missouri would be a slave state

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Missouri Compromise A line was drawn across the US Any state south of the line would be a slave state any state north of the line would be a free state

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Economic Downturn Many banks loaned money regardless of credit history The Second Bank of the United States demands all state banks to demand repayment on all loans Few banks could do this

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Economic Downturn The failed payments resulted in the Panic of 1819 Banks failed, land prices fell, and foreclosures resulted A depression followed The Era of Good Feeling was weakened

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John Quincy Adams-John Tyler

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Election of 1824 Ended the Era of good feeling No candidate was a leader during the revolution

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Candidates John Quincy Adams Secretary of State From Massachusetts

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Adams John Quincy Adams was the most experience Negotiated the treaty with Britain to extend US territory to the Rocky Mountains Helped Acquire Florida Helped plan the Monroe Doctrine

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Henry Clay Speaker of the House From Kentucky

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Clay Gifted speaker Owned slaves but shared Jeffersons discomfort with slavery

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John C. Calhoun Secretary of War From South Carolina

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Calhoun Served in the House of Representatives Headed committees to form the Second Bank of the United States, the national road, modernized navy, and protective tariffs for business held slaves Withdrew from the election and ran for VP

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Andrew Jackson War Hero and General From Tennessee

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Jackson Nicknamed Old Hickory Popular for victories in the War of 1812 New Orleans Seminole war Relied on popularity

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Election of 1824 Jackson won the most votes in the electoral college but did not win a majority Adams came in second House of Representatives needed to vote to decide the election Henry Clay used his influence as Speaker of the House to elect Adams Adams made Clay Secretary of State

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Corrupt Bargain Jackson was outraged Jackson and his supporters claimed that Adams and Clay made a corrupt bargain to deny Jackson the presidency

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1. In the election of 1828 what Andrew Jacksons political party called? 2. Whose principles did Jacksons party promise to return to?? 3. Who won the election of 1828? How? 4. What agreement was made for Secretary of State Page 251

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The Age of Jackson

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Jackson as President Takes office March 4, 1829 The man of the people After the inaugural speech Jackson supporters followed him into the white where they partied Officials removed the mob from the white house by placing the punch bowls on the White House lawn

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Spoils System For years newly elected officials gave jobs to friends and supporters, this was known as patronage Jackson made it his policy He replaced presidential appointees and other office holders with Jacksonian Democrats Infuriated his opponents

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Spoils System Jacksons use of patronage was labeled the spoils system Jackson defended his actions by arguing rotation in office kept one group from controlling the government

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Jackson Did not want a strong federal government Wanted people to have power Veto Power Jackson vetoed many Bills especially when they dealt with state issues Increased the power of the president

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The Tariff Crisis Before Jackson took office Congress passed the Tariff of 1828 Heavy tax on imports designed to increase American manufacturing Who would the tariff help? The tariff benefitted the industrial north but forced southerners to pay more for manufactured goods

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The Tariff Crisis South Carolina decided that the states had the right to decide whether the federal government had exceeded its authority States could nullify any federal law they judged as unconstitutional States rights are the rights the Constitution neither gives the federal government nor denies the states

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The Tariff Crisis Another tariff was passed in 1832 and SC declared it null and void The state threatened to secede Jackson threatened to 50,000 troops if SC tried to leave the Union Congress reduced some duties and SC canceled its nullification act

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1. Who were the Five Civilized Tribes and where did they live? 2. What was Worcester v. Georgia? 3. What did Jackson say about John Marshalls decision? 4. What is The Indian Removal Act? 5. What was the Trail of Tears? Page 252-254

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Indian Uprisings Fox and Sauk people were driven off their land in 1831 A warrior named Black Hawk led a group of 1,000 to reclaim their land in the Black Hawk War The natives retreated into Wisconsin most were chased down and killed Second Seminole War lasted 7 years ending after Chief Osceola was captured A few hundred Seminoles remained in Florida

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The Bank War Jackson believed the Bank of the US was a monster controlled by wealthy north easterners The President of the bank was Nicholas Biddle who decided to recharter the bank in 1832 (4 years before it was due) If Jackson vetoed the charter the National Republicans would use it against him in the 1832 election

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The Bank Wars Jackson Vetoed the charter The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it Jackson still won the election of 1832 over Clay by a huge margin

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Jacksons Successors Jackson chose not to run for a third term because of poor health His VP Martin Van Buren ran and wonMartin Van Buren The economy was poor Jackson had taken money from the national bank and put it in pet banks These banks recklessly lent out money A depression followed

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Jacksons Successors Van Buren was defeated by William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840 April 4, 1841 Harrison dies of Pneumonia one month after taking office VP John Tyler becomes president The Whigs never wanted him to become president they abandoned him and Tyler spent four years in political deadlock

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Industrial Revolution in America

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Transportation Most roads in the US were old trails A road plan was laid out during Jeffersons presidency to from Maryland over the mountains into the western territory This road was called the National Road and reached into West Virginia by 1818

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Shipment of Goods Farmers could only ship on flatboats that floated down river Anything shipped east or upstream was shipped by wagons

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Transportation Calhoun believed new roads and canals should be federally funded, his bill past in congress Madison disagreed and vetoed the bill as his last act in office Transportation would have to be funded by the states

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The Erie Canal New York begins building the Erie Canal in 1817 It will expand 363 miles and connect Lake Erie to the Hudson river New York Politician DeWitt Clinton persuades state officials to fund the project

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Canals The Erie Canal reduced the price of shipment from Buffalo to NYC by 90% By 1840 a web of canals would stretch from Illinois to the Atlantic Ocean

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Industrial Revolution The industrial Revolution started in Britain in the 1700s Mass production in industries allowed many goods to be made at one time

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Steamboats Steamboats aided transportation up river Robert Fultons Claremont was the first steamboat to carry heavy loads upstream in 1807 Mississippi River

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Locomotives Arrived in US in the 1830s They could go anywhere the track could be laid Over the next decades the US would spend $200 million and lay 9,000 miles of track

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Market Revolution With the new developments in transportation regions did not have to be self sufficient Different regions of the country could specialize in producing certain goods Anything that was needed could be shipped more easily

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Industrialization in the US Samuel Slater moved to the US in 1789 from Britain He convinced Moses Brown a Rhode Island manufacturer to produce a British Style Spinning wheel Mills opened all over Massachusetts

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Industry Eli Whitney introduced interchangeable parts in the manufacture of firearms These parts could be machine produced and increase production