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Ü T O U M S r o N A T O « - S E C R E T -1
NATO COPY N O . ______
M.C. 32/1
, 1 9 % R E S T R IC T E D
1 - 10 Incl.
\,,,n REPORT BY THE MILITARY COMMITTEE
^ i : : . . , , » n w k u s s h d .NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL Per fa»thwiJMSM--13i)jl24—
----Piton
CRITBRTA FOR CONVERSION OF PROGRAMMED NATO AIRFIELDS . CONVERSION OF NATIONAL AIRFIELDS
AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW SQUADRON AIRFIELDS
References: a. AG 6l6O AD« 28 Jul 55b„ M.Ce 60, 9 'Feb 56c. S.Go 137/45(Final), 26 Aug 55d. AG 6161/S-5OO/55 LOG, 22 Oct 55 .e. SHAPTO 1051, 7 Oct 55f . STAND 1444 i. SHAPTO 1110h. SHAPTO 1165
THE PROBLEM
1. To consider Criteria for Conversion of Programmed NATO
Airfields, Conversion of National Airfields and Construction of New
Squadron Airfields as submitted by SACEUR in reference d and to
submit recommendations to the North Atlantic Council.
BACKGROUND
2. By reference a SACEUR proposed a new policy for the
Improvement of Fosture for his Air Force Units to meet the atomic
threat. Amongst other things this policy called for a greater
dispersion of SACEUR's Air Force Units and a consequent provision of
additional airfields and modifications of airfield criteria previously
approved. Subject to minor amendments, this policy was accepted by
the Standing Group as a basis for planning and forwarded to the
Military Representatives Committee for its approval (reference b).
3. In order to facilitate the implementation of SACEUR's policy
and to avoid considerable loss of time pending the elaboration and
approval of new criteria, the Standing Group has, by reference ç ,
DIST; A C D F Gl-3 Jl
S B e S B T— NATOM . C . 3 2 / 7 - 1
-K -A T O B E S T B ï e g S B
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agreed on interim criteria to be used for conversion of programmed
NATO airfields where certain work had previously been suspended, con
version of n a tional airfields and construction of new squadron
airfields,
4, SACS UR, after discussions with host and user nations,,
submitted to the Standing Groupy by reference revised and detailed
criteria and requested early approval. Because of the urgency, both
from the operational viewpoint and from the financial one, that the
construction of NATO airfields should not be further delayed, the
Standing Group approved, by reference £, subject to certain changes
and clarifications, SACEUR’s proposals* This approval was given ©n
an interim basis for the period ending 1 June 1956 and subject, to
final recommendations by the Military Representatives Committee and
decision by the Council,
5* Included in SACEURrs proposals is a recommendation to pro
vide eertain mobile facilities from NATO Common Infrastructure funds
and in this connection SACEUR requested, by reference e, that
special recommendations should be made to the North Atlantic Council,
' DISCUSSION
6, The paragraphs and conclusions of reference b that
particularly influence the criteria and standards are summarized as
follows♦ .
â« Expand the presently programmed NATO airfield complex
through the following measures î
(1) Convert all the presently programmed NATO
redeployment and alternate airfields either to NATO
squadron main or squadron redeployment airfields, to be
capable of full operational use either continuously in
peacetime or in an alert, and assign them for primary use
of specifically designated NATO squadrons,
(2) Improve and/or construct sufficient additional
facilities at available and suitable national airfields to
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accommodate specifically designated NATO squadrons for
joint use with a national air activity.
(3) Improve former airfield sites not now active for
NATO squadron main or redeployment airfields.
(4) Develop squadron satellite airfields near present
wing main airfields where possible, for deployment of one
or two of the squadrons based at wing main airfields.
b. Reduce the ground vulnerability of units to atomic
and conventional attack by:
(1) Perm:j,nen'c dispersal of facilitj.es for airfields
except hangars and buildings associated with aircraft •
maintenance, to a dispersed site at a distance of at least
sevsn kilometers; sad'
(2) Developing the ability to move quickly equipment,
non-flyable aircraft and less essential personnel as far as
possible off the airfield.
cm The implementation of the measures set out in
paragraphs 7 through 10 of reference b will be governed to a
considerable extent by many considerations, particularly those
which relate to the financial, land procurement and other
limiting national capabilities and resources of the countries
concerned.
7 . It is concluded in reference b that the objectives and
measures for the improvement and further development of the posture of
SACEUR's presently forecast air force units outlined in paragraph 6
above form a satisfactory basis for NATO and national actions through
i960 and for as long as they are valid thereafter. In this connection,/
planning for airfields required in 1961 would have to be started so
that the requirements could be tabled in the 9th Slice (1958) Infra
structure Program. Thus, if any revision of the criteria and stan
dards is required as the result of- technological progress, the
position should be reviewed, particularly in 1957.
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8. In the same general sphere as information contained in
paragraph 6 above, it should be noted that the minimum goal for basic
dispersal deployment is generally a separate airfield for every
squadron of more than 18 aircraft and at least an airfield for every
two squadrons of 18 aircraft or less„ This is the minimum goal, the
maximum goal being generally an airfield per squadron, regardless of
squadron size, where this is reasonably obtainable.
9 o In considering detailed criteria and standards, it is
necessary to bear in mind SHA P E 's proposals on priorities for con
struction submitted in reference As a basis for planning, the
Standing Group agrees with these proposals and wishes particularly
to draw attention to SACEUR!s proposal to implement? as a matter of
first priority, the displacement to or duplication at a dispersed site
of wing operations and communications facilities. The Military Comm
ittee considers that a much lower priority should be accorded to the
displacement or duplication of personnel housing administrative and
supply facilities. In this connection, the provision of these
facilities at a wing main airfield should be held in abeyance until
such time as the minimum criteria has been satisfied at its related
squadron airfields»
10. By reference SACEUR has requested that special consider
ation be given to the question of providing mobile accommodation for
certain operations, communications and workshop facilities out of
infrastructure funds. The Military Committee supports the proposal that
such facilities should be mobile so as to decrease the vulnerability
of units and increase the flexibility of their deployment. For
maximum economy and efficiency, the mobile accommodation for each unit
should be designed to fit the equipment and operating procedures of
that unit. Within currently accepted rules, mobile facilities do not
qualify for financing out of NATO Common Infrastructure funds. The
Military Committee recognizes that the question of how such facilities
should be financed Is a matter for Council decision and suggests that
the Council examine the matter in detail. The attention of the
*SiäG8E£~~ NATO - L ~M/C. 3277
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Council is drawn to the fact that the present requirement for mobile
facilities is a direct consequence of the new dispersal policy and
therefore this particular aspect should be considered.
11. Item 7 of the Criteria and Standards3 reference d, tables
a requirement for internal roads* By reference h, SACEUR has recom
mended that roads to be provided from infrastructure funds at single
squadron airfields should be limited in area to 38,000 square meters.
In the exceptional case where a new road to the dispersed site is
required it would not be included in this limiting area. The
Military Committee concurs.
12. SACEUR has proposed that, where status of constructions
permitsj flying control facilities at w ing main airfields should be
provided in mobile units. Of the 91 presently approved wing main
airfields, 33 are less than 75% complete. No doubt on some of these
33 airfields flying control facilities have not yet been completed
and under the present proposal only mobile facilities would be pro
vided. Howeverj some of these wing main airfields will continue to
be occupied as such for some time and be required to accommodate two
or three squadrons. It is considered that the consequent number of
air movements on such an airfield would require a higher degree of
local flying control than could be provided from mobile units and
therefore fixed type facilities should be provided.
13. A requirement for a circulating taxi-track has not been sub
mitted as it is possible to operate a comparatively small number of
aircraft from airfields without this facility and. its deletion from
the criteria will effect a large financial saving. However, there
are definite operational advantages in providing a circulating taxi
track. Such advantages include the speeding up of aircraft movements
on the ground, the provision of a possible means for emergency take
offs and landings and the provision of better road connections between
the two parking aprons. Whereas under normal circumstances the
financial gains outweigh the operational advantages of providing a
circulating taxi-track, there will no doubt be, in certain
■ SEGHPÆ- - NATOM .C. 32/7 - 5 -
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circumstances, conditions where these advantages are reversed and in
such conditions a circulating taxi-track should be provided.
14. The military requirement for firing-in butts is confirmed.
However, their actual provision is subject to various factors such
as type of unit (for reconnaissance or atomic delivery units the
facility may not be required) and type of armament. In addition, the
design specifications will vary considerably. Because of these
varying conditions, it Is considered that it is more appropriate for
the provision of firing~*in butts to be a user nation responsibility,
15. Because of organizational, financial and manpower difficultie
some nations will not be able to implement in full the single squadron
dispersal policy and in any caae the Implementation of the policy,
even in part, may take some time. Consequently, some single squadron
airfields will not be continually occupied in peace and it is con
sidered that in such circumstances hangars and crash and fire station
facilities should not be provided*
16„ By reference £ it has been confirmed that the communications
requirement of a squadron remote receiver had been omitted from
reference d. The Military Committee agrees that this requirement
should be Included in the criteria.
17. SACEUR has proposed that tent camp facilities for 6OO men
should be provided and financed out of infrastructure funds. It is
considered that such facilities should be provided only where air
fields are not occupied in peace and, as in the case of mobile
faciliti es, the financial aspects of the proposal would be for North
Atlantic Council consideration and decision.
18. Included in reference d is a requirement for a Flight Line
bunker as a nerve center for aircraft operations, engineering
logistics and communications activities that must be sustained on the
airfield. These activities would be carried out from either end of
the runway and to meet this requirement Alert Platforms with a
■SECRET - NATOM.C. 32/7 ~ 6 -
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maintenance hangar are being provided at each end of the runway.
Ideally9 therefore, two flight line bunkers, one at either end of
the runway, should be provided. However, under certain circumstances,
It may be possible to meet the requirement by only one flight line
bunker and therefore this possibility should be covered in the
criteria. Regardless of whether one or two flight line bunkers are
provided, their total area should not normally exceed 100 square
meters. However, in exceptional circumstances, where it is not
possible to provide a dispersal area^ It may be necessary to provide
on the airfield additional protected space to accommodate such vital
activities as wing operations and communications which normally should
be at the dispersed site* Each such increase should be proposed and
processed in accordance with the normal procedures for upward
deviations in criteria,, .
19* On the basis of the discussion set out above, the following
amendments to SACEUR's proposed Criteria and Standards for NATO
Tactical Airfields, as submitted in reference d.» should be made?
The first and second sentences of paragraph 6b of the
preamble to reference d to reads "b - l/tfhenever possible, the
facilities which are not required on the airfield itself, as
detailed in the attached table, will be located on a dispersal
area. This area should be sited at such a distance from thé
centre of the airfield as to provide a reasonable protection -
approximately seven (7) kilometres - and available to road
connections to the airfield
b„ At the end of same paragraph add: "Duplicate housing,
administrative and supply facilities should not be provided at a
dispersal area from wing main airfields until such time as the
minimum criteria has been satisfied at the squadron sized
airfields.n
&. Item 1 " Rupwav - Columns (e) and (f ) add: "Runway of
less than 2440 metres in length may be permitted as a downward
deviation when made necessary by terrain or to avoid inordinate
cost and when type of aircraft assigned will permit,"
— NATOM.C. '32/r - 7 -
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d. Item 7 - Internal Roads - Delete sentences in columns
(e) and (f) and insert following in their place: "Within
limit of 38,000 square metres provide roads on airfield and
dispersed site. This limit does n o t cover road to dispersed
site."
e . Item 14 - Ammunition Storage
(1) Under column (b) insert "e_ - Picket or Control
Post, wherever explosives have to be stored in a
separate security area."
(2) Under columns (c), (d), (e) and (f) insert
"one with useable area of 2m^."
f. Item 15 a - Flying Control - Column (c) is changed
to read: "Fixed type control tower and duplicate mobile
facilities are required ,"
g. Item 17■> I - Plight line bunkers - Columns (c), (d),
(e) and (f) ad.d: "Either one bunker at each end of the runway
or one single bunker to be provided within the total space
allowed at user nation option."
h„ Item 19 - Hangars - Columns (d), (e) and (f) add at
the beginning; "Required only at airfields occupied in peace ."
i. Item 24 - Crash and Fire Station - Columns (d), (e)
and (f) add: "Required only at airfields occupied in peace."
k, Item 27 ~ Communications Buildings - Add new sub
para* .f* Squadron remote receiver (see Appendix, Item 27),
Columns (c), (d), (e) and (f) add "provide facili tes in
mobile units."
1. Item 37 ~ Personnel Housing
(1) Column (b) delete: " a - National responsibilityb - NATO Infrastructure"
(2) Columns (c) through (f) first sentence, after
"dispersal area , , , " insert "which will be provided
whenever possible,"
(3 ) Delete second and third sentences under columns
(c) through (f) and substitute following under columns(d),
■ S S T O - NATO - 8 -
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(e) and (f): "When airfield is not to be occupied in
peace,, camp structure for tent camp of 6OO men including
utilities will be built. Maintenance and ground party
may be housed in these tent camp facilities. The
question of financing to be subject to North Atlantic
Council decision. This does not apply to Wing Main
Airfields."
m. Appendix - Item 3 - Taxi-tract - Para. 3 a add:
"However, wherever possible by modification of existing
facilities at no major cost, provide a circulating taxi-
tract or two roads to permit movement of aircraft between
the two parking platforms."
n. Appendix - Item l4 - Ammunition Storage
(1) Paragraph l4hj delete existing paragraph and
insert following:
"Hardstandin^ should be constructed with locally
available materials and should be well drained, A
firebreak of at least 2 metres should be constructed
between the hardstanding and the base of the revetting.
Criteria for the hardstandings at each airfield, on
which the detailed design will be based, will be drawn
up by the Supreme Commander concerned, in consultation
with the International Staff and In agreement with the
host and user nations* as soon as the site has been
chosen and the type of armament of the occupying unit
is known ."
(2) Paragraph 14JL* add to existing paragraph the
following :
"They should be constructed of mounded earth or sand
to dimensions and slopes as agreed by the host nation
and the International Staff, after consideration of local
conditions and materials and the explosives safety
regulations of the host and user nations,"
-gEGBS&J- NATO - 9 -
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(Page revised by Corrig. No.l, 16 Oct 56)
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_o. Appendix '-..Item 15 “.Flying Control Facilities -
Change to read: "Control towers will be constructed on base in
accordance with E 750 only at airfields designated as Wing
Main Airfields Duplicate mobile facilities are required.
On other airfields, all facilities required to advise or
communicate with aircraft, except on the ground and on take
off and landing, are to be placed in mobile units. These
units to be located off base, in dispersal area when it
exists,* and provided with emergency standby electric power
in accordance with item 9 above."
CONCLUSIONS
20. The Criteria and Standards as amended in paragraph 19 a
through _o should be approved on the basis:
a. That they are reviewed from time to time and in
particular in 1957 in the light of technological progress
and consequent re-equipment of assigned air uni ts.
b. That the financing from NATO Common Infrastructure
funds of mobile accommodation and tent camp facilities is a
matter for North Atlantic Council decision, bearing in mind
the particular nature of the requirement as stated in
paragraph 10.
RECOMMENDATIONS
21. It is recommended that the North Atlantic Council
approve this report.
-SeeftfiT - NATO - 9a -
M.C. 32/7
(Page added by Corrig. No. 1, 16 Oct 56)
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ENCLOSURE
-ëJBgjflET' - NATO
FROM: SGN WASH DC
TO: SGLO PARIS FRANCE
INFO: SACEUR PARIS FRANCESACLANT NORFOLK V ACHANCOM LONDON ENGLAND
NATO SECRET MSG STAND from SGN PASS TO
SEC GEN reference (a) AG 6l6l/E-50O/55 LOG dated 22 Oct 55 (b)
SHAPTO IO51, 7 Oct 55 (c) SHAPTO II65, 6 Mar 5&. Subject Criteria
for Conversion of Programmed NATO Airfields, jConversion of National/
Airfields and Construction of New Squadron Airfields,
1, The MRC has approved a report on Criteria and Standards
for NATO Tactical Airfields, and is submitting it to the North
Atlantic Council for consideration and approval,
2, The MRC particularly wishes to draw the NAC's attention to
the proposals, as submitted In reference (b), concerning the
financing of mobile accommodation out of NATO Common Infrastructure
funds, Tile requirement for mobile ajccoomodation is militarily supported,
It is not for the MRC to comment on the methods of financing this
equipment* but the Committee wishes to draw particularly the attention
of the North Atlantic Council on the proposals set forth in SHAFTO IO51
regarding the financing of .mobile accommodation out of NATO Infrastruc
ture funds. The MRC also believe that an immediate decision on this
question is necessary In order to prevent any possible delay in the
implementation of this important aspect of the dispersal policy,
3, SACEUR, has proposed in reference (a) that tent camp
facilities should be provided and financed out of infrastructure
funds. As in the case of mobile facilities referred to in paragraph
2 above, the financial aspects of this proposal also are for NAC
consideration and decision.
«■Se-PJB?- - NATOM.C. 32/7 - 10 - Enclosure
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i S E g g g P ' - M T O
Item 1. 7 f j f line bunkers - Columns (c ), (d )5J t ï ÎV Kl lai TwT
i J s ' i l
d. Item 7 » Djfcacaaalg*Rgsads « Delete sentences in columns
(e) and (f) and insei$f ̂ c#S#/fng in their place: "Within limit
of 3 8 5000 square metres`p?ov?ae roads on airfield and dispersed
site. This limit does not cover road to dispersed site . "
â,* Item 15 a » Flying Control - Column (c ) is changed to
read : "Fixed type control tower and duplicate mobile facilities
are requi red,,"
Urn,O
Ce ) and (f ) add ï ,[Elfc%;£§<|h|f bunker at each end of the runway
or one single bunker to be provided within the total space
allowed at user nation option,"
S.* Item 19 - Hangars ~ C olumns (d ) 3 (e ) and (f ) add at
the beginning: "Required only at airfields occupied in peace»"
lU Item 24 » Crcaah and F ire Station - Columns (d)s (e)
and (f ) add: ''Requirpd/.ohly. at airfields occupied in peace."nu t"' : '■ m j '/I
1* ~ Add new sub-para,
f-„ Squadron remote receiver (see Appendix, Item 27)« Columns
c., d, _e and f add "provide facilities in mobile units",
k e Item ^7 - Per sonnel Housing -
(1) C olui§ i^j^|^p^te : "si - National responsibility ̀ b - NATO Infrastructure"
(2) Columns ̂ # $ ^lïrough (f) first sentence, after
"dispersal area insert "which will be provided
whenever possible,"
(3) Delete second and third sentences under columns
(c) through (f) and substitute following under columns (d),
(e) and (f)t "When airfield is not to be occupied in peace,
scamp structure If/ori tentf-camp of 6OO men including utilities
will be built, l;̂ Màlnténance and ground party may be housed
in these tent camp facilities. The question of financing
to be subject to North Atlantic Council decision. This
does not apply to Wing Main Airfields,"
1, Appendix Item' ^ - Taxi-track - Para. 3(a) adds■ ; .a ■ 1 r"f
"However, wherever,’possible by modification of existing facilities■ : ■ I ' -A I i >v ].
■ m e r - n a t oM.C. 32/7 — 8 ■*
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at no major cost, provide a ci rculating taxi-traek or two roads
to permit movement of aircraft between the two parking platforms."
to read: "Control t o w e ^ ^ w i l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ u c t e d o n ^ a s e ^ i n
accordance with E 750 only at airfields designated as Wing Main
Airfields ~ Duplicate mobile facilities are required. On other
airfields, all facilities required to advise or communicate with
aircraft, except on the ground and on take-off and landing, are
to be placed in mobile u s j ^ s ^^ih^se units to be located offi* i' f Vn &}mI f HI
base, in dispersal area M e n f f ^ # i s t s , and provided with
emergency standby electric poweraln accordance with item 9 above."
C O L L U S I O N S
20. The Criteria and Standards as amended in paragraph 19 a
through 13 should be approved on the basis :
a. That they are reviewed from time to time and in
particular in 1957 in the light of technological progress and
consequent re-equipment of assigned air units.
bo That the financing. fro,in NATO Common Infrastructure/'■/ : : / ; ; /■(
funds of mobile accommotlat^oii.iähd tent camp facilities is a
matter for North Atlantic Council decision, bearing in mind the
particular nature of the requirement as stated in paragraph 10.
RECOMMENDATIONS
21. It is recommended that the North Atlantic Council approve
this report.
a a
NATO UNCLASSIHFI)