Natural Building & Green Buildings

8/3/2019 Natural Building & Green Buildings

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Natural & Green Buildings

By,

Anish Antony

Jessil Ummer

Kiran Vijay


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Natural Buildings

Range of building systems and materials thatplace major emphasis on sustainability

Ensure sustainability by using material that areunprocessed or minimally processed

Basis is the need to lessen the environmental

impact of buildings and other supportingsystems, without sacrificing comfort, health oraesthetics.


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Types of Natural Buildings


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Cob

Materials Needed : Clay, Sand & Straw

Mix sand, clay, straw or other fibrous materials to create a

stiff mud which is formed into small loaves (cobs). These

cobs are then mashed together to form a monolithic wall on

top of a foundation

Clay acts as the glue, while the sand gives strength to the

mixture and the straw gives the walls tensile strength once

hardened into place

Thermal Properties : Low insulation, Good thermal mass

Best Application : Exterior walls in moderate or sunny

climates; interior walls; ovens and hearths; benches; garden

walls; greenhouses; floors


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Cob

Advantages Highly sculptural

Enormous design flexibility

Combines well with other materials

Disadvantages

Labor intensive

Goes up slowly, especially in cool, moist conditions

Permitting may take persistence


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Adobe

Materials Used : Clay soil, sand, straw or other fiber

Sun-dried mud bricks stacked with a mud mortar tocreate thick-walled structures

Best adobe soil will have between 15% and 30% clay init to bind the material together, with the rest beingmostly sand or larger aggregate

Thermal Properties : Good thermal mass; low insulation

Best Application : Exterior walls in moderate or sunnyclimates; interior walls; ovens and hearths; domes and

vaults in dry, non-earthquake regions.


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Adobe

Advantages:

Adobe blocks can be made in one place and

transported.

When blocks are made, wall goes up fast.

Disadvantages:

Making and storing adobe blocks takes a lot of spaceand dry weather.

Prone to earthquake damage.


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Rammed earth

Use clay soil with high content of sand; often stabilized withcement & reinforced with steel

First proceeding by setting up forms on top of anappropriate foundation (usually stone or concrete), a soil

mixture with a clay content of 20% and a moisture contentof 10% is then rammed

Different soil types can be used to create decorative effectsand the whole is topped by a concrete bond beam whichthen holds the roof.

Walls do not need to be plastered & will last for hundreds,even thousands of years

Thermal properties:Very good thermal mass; low insulation

Best Apllication:Exterior walls in moderate or sunnyclimates; benches and garden walls.


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Rammed earth

Advantages:

Noise Reduction

Fire protection Healthy and environmentally friendly

Disadvantages

Labor and machine intensive Expensive


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Straw Bale

Uses baled straw from wheat, oats, barley, rye,rice and others in walls covered by earthen orlime stucco

Build by stacking rows of bales on a raisedfooting or foundation, with a moisture barrier

Bale walls can be tied together with pinsofbamboo, rebar, or wood and plaster it

Thermal Properties:Excellent insulation; lowthermal mass

Best Application:Exterior walls in most climates;

quick, temporary structures


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Straw Bale

Advantages

Goes up relatively quickly

Increasing pool of experienceddesigners/builders

Increasing pool of experienceddesigners/builders.

Disadvantages

Very susceptible to moisture damage

Unfinished building must be protected from

rain


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Wattle and Daub

Use Straight, flexible sticks (or bamboo); clay soil;chopped straw and/or manure

The wattle may be made as loose panels, slotted

between timber framing to make infill panels, orit may be made in place to form the whole of awall

Thermal Properties:Poor insulation; low themalmass (thick plaster increases mass)

Best application:Used for building interior walls;unheated structures such as outdoor showers,sheds, etc.; exterior walls in hot tropics


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Wattle and Daub

Advantages

Flexible

Earth Quake resistantDisadvantages

Requires lots of straight sticks which can bedifficult to find.

Labor intensive.

Prone to water damage.


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Compressed Earth Block,

Earthen bricks compressed with hand-operatedor motorized hydraulic machines

Made of clay, sand and a small percentage of

lime and/or cement that is compressed bymachine

Made by dry, screened soil and sand are mixedwell, adding 4% - 10% lime and/cement to themix if you are making stabilized blocks

The soil is compressed and molded into uniformblocks in a hand-operated press or a mechanizedhydraulic press, stacked, covered and cured for 1month.


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Compressed Earth Block,

Advantages

use of locally-available materials

Uniformly sized building components canresult in less waste & fast construction

Disadvantages

Shall not be used in any building more than(2) stories in height

Usage of cements


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SLIPSTRAW

Slipstraw or light straw-clay is a material madefrom straw and clay slurry and used as aninsulative fill between the studs of an essentiallyconventional framed wall

Slipstraw offers fairly good insulation and can beused for interior and exterior walls

Slipstraw is usually finished with plaster just likecob or strawbale.

Thermal properties:Excellent insulation; lowthermal mass

Best Applications :Exterior walls in most climates;quick, temporary structures


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How to construct

To make slipstraw, mix clay and straw until it is

a slimy, sticky, mess

Once the frame of the building is up screwplywood inside and outside

Fill it with SlipStraw and remove plywood

Make protective coating with earthen plaster Use little white wash for finish


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Advantage

minimize use of nonrenewable resources and

potentially toxic substances

Disadvantages . Prone to water damage

Wood requied for frame and forms.


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Green

IGBC defines a green building as one

which uses less energy, water and

natural resources, creates less wasteand is healthier for the people living

or working inside compared with a

standard building.


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Why Green Building?

The environmental impact of the building

industry is significant.

Green design measures also reduce operatingcosts

Enhance building, marketability

Increase worker productivity


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IGBC

IGBC defines a green building as one which usesless energy, water and natural resources, createsless waste and is healthier for the people living orworking inside compared with a standardbuilding.

Energy saving of 30-40 % from day one Enhanced indoor air quality Higher productivity of occupants

Potable water saving of 20-30% Enhanced day light and ventilation

IGBC set up LEED India in 2001


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What is LEED?

Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design (LEED)

It is a nationally accepted organization fordesign, operation and construction of high

performance green buildings

LEED India Version 1.0,launched in 2006

Godrej achieved platinum rating in 2003


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Green Building in india

one of the fastest growing and mostenvironmentally aware construction industries inthe world

India began with a green property footprint ofjust 20,000 square feet in 2001

In 2010 it become 330 million square feet

Now Green Building Footprint in India reaches 1Billion sq.ft


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Features ofLEED in India

Voluntary, consensus-based, market driven

rating system based on existing, proven

technology & processes

Evaluates environmental performance from a

whole building perspective over a buildings

life cycle

Certification based on credits


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Categories in the rating system

Sustainable Sites

Water Efficiency

Energy & Atmosphere

Materials & Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Innovation in Design Regional Priority


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Registration Process

Register in http://www.igbc.in

Pay the fee and documents

Do precertification if building is not completedand documented


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Certification Credits

Certified 40 - 49 points

Silver 50 - 59 points

Gold 60 - 79 points

Platinum 80 points and above


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Factors preventing Indias construction

industry from adopting green practices

#ixzz1m34TlPjo


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Natural Building & Green Buildings