NATURAL DISASTER RISKS NATURAL DISASTER RISKS IN UKRAINEIN UKRAINE

N.O.VYNOGRAD N.O.VYNOGRAD

Senior Epidemiologist of Ministry Health of Ukraine,Senior Epidemiologist of Ministry Health of Ukraine,Chief of Epidemiology DepartmentChief of Epidemiology Department

L’viv National Medical University, UkraineL’viv National Medical University, Ukraine

TYPES of BIOLOGYCAL DANGERTYPES of BIOLOGYCAL DANGER

Activation, distribution and change of the Activation, distribution and change of the border of the natural nidi of infectious border of the natural nidi of infectious diseasesdiseases

Epidemical distribution of the formerly Epidemical distribution of the formerly control infectious diseasescontrol infectious diseases

Appearance of the new unknown Appearance of the new unknown infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

““Imported” agents of the exotic and Imported” agents of the exotic and internationally quarantinable diseasesinternationally quarantinable diseases

BioterrorismBioterrorism

TYPES of NATURAL NIDI TYPES of NATURAL NIDI ((by the components of the parasitical systemby the components of the parasitical system))

ZooanthroponosisZooanthroponosis ((animal/bird/reptileanimal/bird/reptile – – vectorsvectors – – human)human)

SaprozooanthroponosisSaprozooanthroponosis ((soil/watersoil/water – – animal/reptileanimal/reptile – – vectorsvectors – – human)human)

SaproanthroponisisSaproanthroponisis ((soil/watersoil/water – – humanhuman))

ecological

social

INFLUENCING FACTORSINFLUENCING FACTORS

NaturalNatural Climatic conditions Climatic conditions

(humidity, (humidity, temperature, temperature, hydrometeor), hydrometeor),

Geographical Geographical location,location,

Presence of certain Presence of certain types of animals, types of animals, birds, vectors.birds, vectors.

SocialSocial ResidenceResidence OccupationOccupation Living standardLiving standard Migration populationMigration population Medical careMedical care

GEOGRAFICALGEOGRAFICAL DATADATA

Territory size – 603,7 thousand sq. km:Territory size – 603,7 thousand sq. km:

- Polissija (forest) – 113500 sq. km- Polissija (forest) – 113500 sq. km

- Forest-Step – 202000 sq. km- Forest-Step – 202000 sq. km

- Step – 240000 sq.km- Step – 240000 sq.km

- special area – Karpatian and Crimean - special area – Karpatian and Crimean

mountainsmountains Population size – about 48 mlnPopulation size – about 48 mln

RESERVOIDS and VECTORSRESERVOIDS and VECTORS

Birds – 239 speciesBirds – 239 species Mammals – more Mammals – more

400: 29 species of 400: 29 species of Rodents; others Rodents; others animals – fox, animals – fox, hare…. hare….

Ticks – 7-10 speciesTicks – 7-10 species Mosquitoes - 21-24 Mosquitoes - 21-24

speciesspecies

NATURAL NIDI OF INFECTIOUS NATURAL NIDI OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ON UKRAINEDISEASES ON UKRAINE

Hemorrhagic fever with renal Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromesyndrome

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever fever

AnthraxAnthrax West Nile encephalitisWest Nile encephalitis Tick-born encephalitis Tick-born encephalitis Lyme diseaseLyme disease Marseilles feverMarseilles fever Q-feverQ-fever LeptospirosisLeptospirosis TularemiaTularemia RabiesRabies

DISTRIBUTION of HFRS on DISTRIBUTION of HFRS on UKRAINEUKRAINE

Lutsk

Lviv

Uzhgorod

Rivne

Ivano-Frankivsk

Ternopil

Tchernivtsy

Khmelnitsky

Zytomyr

Vinnytsa

KYIV

Tchernigiv

Sumy

PoltavaCherk

asy

Kharkiv

Kirovograd

Dnipropetrovsk

Lugansk

Donetsk

Zaporizya

Simpheropol

KhersonOdesa

Mykolaiv

Detection of antigen

Human illnessSerologycal retrospective

ANTHRAXANTHRAX

Soil temperature - no Soil temperature - no less 12 Cless 12 C

Soil humidity – more Soil humidity – more 80 %80 %

Humus – 0.7-6.1Humus – 0.7-6.1 Microelements (P, K)Microelements (P, K) Black soilBlack soil

UKRAINEUKRAINE

Lutsk

Lviv

Uzhgorod

Rivne

Ivano-Frankivsk

Ternopil

Tchernivtsy

Khmelnitsky

Zytomyr

Vinnytsa

KYIV

Tchernigiv

Sumy

PoltavaCherkasy

Kharkiv

Kirovograd Dnipropetrovsk

Lugansk

Donetsk

Zaporizya

Simpheropol

KhersonOdesa

Mykolaiv

ESTIMATE of PRACTICAL EPIDEMIC ESTIMATE of PRACTICAL EPIDEMIC SITUATIONSITUATION

SYNDROMATIC DIAGNOSTIC

LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC

RISK FACTORS of the DESTABILIZATION RISK FACTORS of the DESTABILIZATION of EPIZOOTO-EPIDEMICAL SITUATION at of EPIZOOTO-EPIDEMICAL SITUATION at

ZOOANTHROPONOSISZOOANTHROPONOSIS

Decrease of the volume of Decrease of the volume of epizootologycal surveillanceepizootologycal surveillance

Decrease of the Insect and Rodent controlDecrease of the Insect and Rodent control Inadequate laboratory verificationInadequate laboratory verification Worsening of the hygiene conditions of Worsening of the hygiene conditions of

territorialterritorial Natural Disasters (Floods)Natural Disasters (Floods) Fell of the forest without adequate controlFell of the forest without adequate control

MEANS of the OPTIMIZATION of MEANS of the OPTIMIZATION of EPIDEMIOLOGYCAL SURVEILANCEEPIDEMIOLOGYCAL SURVEILANCE

Modernization of the Lab diagnosis by Modernization of the Lab diagnosis by introduction of the express methods (ELISA, introduction of the express methods (ELISA, IF, PCR)IF, PCR)

Introduction of the definition of infectious Introduction of the definition of infectious diseasesdiseases

Organization of the correct epidemiological Organization of the correct epidemiological monitoringmonitoring

Forecast of epidemic process for specific Forecast of epidemic process for specific diseasesdiseases

Devise of GISDevise of GIS