Social Science Project-3

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT-3(POWERPOINT PRESENTATION)

PRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT:

BY

HARSHITH SClass- X B(2013-2014)

PREVIEW Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters. Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters. Disaster Management Cycle.Hazard Vulnerability of India. Disaster Management Act, 2005. Charter and Vision of NDMA. Organisation of NDMA. National Disaster Response Force. Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management. Conclusion.

DISTURBING TRENDS OF DISASTERSAND THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA

INDIAALASKAUSACHINAAREA-WISE EVENTS (1975-2001)DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERSINDONESIAJAPAN

DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001)INDIAALASKAUSACHINAINDONESIAJAPANIMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES

GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Note : 1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.2. Losses 1995-1999 - Developed World 2.5% of GDP. - Developing World 13.4% of GDP. *Source www.em-dat.netLosses in US $ Billion

LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES (>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA (2003 - 2005)

No of EarthquakesKilledInjuredHousesDestroyedDamagedJAPANTen341048> 496>3553USASeven0259>55>235

MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 20051. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than

YEARPLACES &DISASTERLOSS OF LIVES (APPROX)LOSS OF PROPERTY( Rs Crore) (APPROX)1991Uttarkashi Earthquake200020001993LaturEarthquake950060001997JabalpurEarthquake20050001999ChamoliEarthquake200020001999OrissaS Cyclone9887100002001BhujEarthquake14000134002004SE IndiaTsunami15000100002004Assam & BiharFloods70050002005J&KAvalanche3501002005Mah, Guj, HP,Karnataka, TNaduFloods1569 103002005J&K Earthquakes1336 1000Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800

INDIA ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERSAnnual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334.2. People affected - 30 Million.3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.Losses in Thousand Crores Annual- Financial Losses Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) 12%.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERS Population Growth and Urban DevelopmentDevelopment PracticesClimatic changesEffect of Environmental degradation

POLAR ICE CAPS ARE MELTING FASTER THAN EVERMORE AND MORE LAND IS BEING DEVASTATED BY DROUGHTRISING WATERS ARE DROWNING LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES

VICIOUS CYCLEGLOBAL WARMINGINUNDATING LOW COASTAL AREASBURNING FOSSIL FUELSAND BURNING FORESTS RELEASE CARBONREDUCES OXYGEN AND INCREASES DROUGHTMELTING POLAR ICE RAISES SEA LEVELSNOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THAT CLIMATE DISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONE ANOTHER IN ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.

LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE RECENT DISASTERS

DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY

The countrys Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.--- TIME, 19 September 2005ResponseIN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE.HURRICANE KATRINA (US)

BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSELosses of Lives RemarksLosses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity.Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response Mechanism.CYCLONES AREA COX BAZAAR Even when Population had doubled

Existed on Paper But,Enforcement Lacking.Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part of Response Plan.Technological Shortfall -Many Lives Could have Been Saved.

1.Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should be Technology Driven.2.Weakness in Early Warning Systems and Dissemination of Information to Far Flung Areas.3.Decision to Provide Aid :-(a) Slow because of Procedures.(b) Request from States not backed by Proper Assessment. 4.States Organizations Not Geared to Guide & Receive Aid. 5.Disaster Response Resources at State Level Very Inadequate.

NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT

6.Non Availability of Specialist Equipment,(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).7.Assistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & Optimised. 8.People - Principal Actors -- Focused Public Awareness Campaign a Must.Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.

Positive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces

NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

DISASTER is an event which is -generally unpredictable, -happens instantly or without giving enough time to react -affecting a large number of people, -disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property -always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner and -leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic after effects which persist for a long time to come.WHAT IS A DISASTER?

CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS Natural, Man-made & Human-induced Disasters occur in varied formsSome are predictable in advanceSome are annual or seasonal Some are sudden and unpredictable Factors leading to a DisasterMeteorological, Geological, Ecological or Environmental, Technological Etc.

NATURAL DISASTERS Floods Earthquakes Cyclones Droughts Landslides, Pest Attacks, Forest Fires, Avalanches etc

TIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERSEarthquakes -> Seconds/minutesCyclones -> DaysFloods -> DaysDroughts -> Months

PreventionRescue Structural MeasuresWarning and EvacuationNon-Structural MeasuresPlanning of Disaster ResponseReconstruct. &RecoveryRisk Analysis DISASTER MANAGEMENT MITIGATIONRESPONSERisk Assessment PreparednessHazard AssessmentVulnerability AnalysisReliefRehab LONG TERM MEASURES Being done efficientlyNeeds better PlanningNo Substantial Work done so farNoteDISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM

HAZARD VULNERABILITY OF INDIA

EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002Zone V MM IX or more IV MM VIII III MM VII

Zone II MM VI I MM V or less together now make Zone II MM VI or lessArea under the zones V 12% IV 18% III~27%Total damageable ~ 57%

VVIIIVIIIIVVIV

WIND & CYCLONE HAZARD ZONES IN INDIA

FLOOD HAZARD PRONE AREAS OF INDIA

LANDSLIDES ZONATION MAP OF INDIA

*Types: Earthquake, Cyclone, Tsunami, Flood, Drought & Landslide.

1 4 10 17*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy Financial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores, Annually. 3

In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, a NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY has come into being by an Act of Parliament in December 2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country.DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005

CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIESHIGH LEVEL COMMITTEECABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITYNATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTNATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCENDMA / NECPLANNING COMMISSIONOTHER MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTSARMED FORCESMHANATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTUREGOVT OF INDIANATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRESTATES/ UTs GOVTsSDMAsSTATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENT OF HOMEHOME GUARDCIVIL DEFENCEPOLICEDISTRICTSDEPARTMENTS HOME GUARDCIVIL DEFENCEPOLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAsLOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIESCOMMUNITYCOMMUNITYFIRE SERVICES

CHARTER NDMAANDVISION

The National Authority shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management.

3. International Assistance and Cooperation.Plan ApproveCoordMonitor Ensure ImplementationCHARTER

The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive, Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations. VISION

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITYCHAIRMAN(PRIME MINISTER)VICE CHAIRMANCABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITYCABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIESPOLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESSMR. K.M. SINGHMEMBERMr B BHATTACHARJEEMEMBERLT. GEN. JRBMEMBERMR. M.K.MEMBERMR. M. S. REDDYMEMBERMR. NVC MENONMEMBERSECRETARY NDMACAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WINGDISASTER MANAGEMENT WINGNATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRESNATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEENATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTMrs. P.J RAOMEMBER

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE

NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCENDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC. NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters. The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response. It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations. They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF Battalions. They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs.NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in their respective locations.

NDRF BNS REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES (RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES NDRF BNs/ RMRCs TRAINING CENTRES APEX TRAINING CENTRELEGENDCHANDIGARHGR. NOIDABnEachGANDHINAGARPUNEBHUBANESHWARKOLKATAGUWAHATIPATNA (SSB) Bn NAGPURLATURCHENNAIHYDERABAD

CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM Team Commander (Inspector)Tech. Support(6)Adm. Support Team(7)2 IC/ Ops Officer(Sub Inspector)Team B(6)Team C(6)Team D(6)Dog Squad(3)Medical SupportTeam(3)Team A(6)Total 45 Personnel

CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FOR NBC EMERGENCIESTeam Commander (Inspector)Information Officer(Sub Inspector) SafetyOfficer(Sub Inspector)Dy Team Leader(Sub Inspector)Tech. Support

(4)Detection & AssessmentCumEvacuation Team (6)RescueAndEvacuationTeam (6)Rescue and Evacuation Team (6)Deconta-minationTeam(6)Medical Unit

(6)Adm. Support Team (7)Total 45 Personnel

For Development to be Sustainable,Disaster Mitigation Must be Built IntoThe Planning Process

EVERY DISASTER MUST BE TREATED AS AN OPPORTUNITYTO BUILD BACK BETTER

HAZARDA dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:Natural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or biological origin)Unnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological origin)Natural phenomena are extreme climatological, hydrological, or geological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural phenomenon, not a hazard. But when these natural phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become hazard

VULNERABILITYVulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area.Physical vulnerability weak buildings, bridges, service lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.Social & Economic vulnerabilityHuman losses in disasters in developing countries are seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.

RISKRisk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, economic activity etc) due to a hazard of a particular magnitude or Intensity occurring in a given area over a specific time period.Exposure: the value and importance of the various types of structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply, communication network, transportation network etc in the community serving the population)

HAZARD VULNERABILITY- RISK DISASTER

LESSONS LEARNT HURRICANE KATRINA And any time you break that cycle of Preparing, Responding, Recovering and Mitigating, you are doomed to failure. And the policies and decision that were implemented by DHS put FEMA on a path to failure. -Michael Brown,Director,FEMAGeneral1.The Foremost Lesson - all Facets of Disaster Cycle should be under one Agency and not split among Multi-facet Authorities.Mitigation & Preparedness2.States Sovereignty be maintained in all Phases of Disaster Cycle.3.Creating Culture of Preparedness at Community level. 4.Integrated Approach (of the Civil and Military efforts) for Preparedness. Coopt Armed Forces in Disaster Response Plan. 5.Removal of Red Tapism and Bureaucratic Approach. US National Response Plan is elaborate but Failed to Deliver. Need to Rewrite Rationale Response Plan to include, conduct of mock drills periodically, state-of-the-art system in supply chain management of relief supplies and inventory tracking.

6.Training and Equipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams from Armed Forces7.Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and Private Sector, during Emergencies.8.Establishment of a Homeland Security University. On the lines of National Defence University, for General Awareness, Training and Research.9.Use of Experts to find solutions to disaster related issues.Communications10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised. Need to develop a more Comprehensive Emergency Communication System, to ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy.Response11. Disaster Response Group at Central level to resolve disagreements on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single Window Assistance Access for public.12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.

13. Coordination, between:(a)Search & Rescue and Medical Teams.(b)State and Central Response Teams(c)Local (Distt), State and Central Response Teams, to have inter-operable Communication Network.(d)At State level, Volunteer Coordinators in` State Emergency Operation Centre, for coordinating Volunteer Efforts, like Debris Clearance, etc.(e)Integrated Command at field level local Response Units (NationalGuards) and Active Duty Forces (ex Armed Forces) to work in tandem.Mobile Command Field Centre near disaster site (not 80 km away in Baton Rouge like during Katrina).14. Need for National Emergency Operation Centre at DHS. DHS to have a National Emergency Operations Centre, in addition to White House Situation Room, regardless of whether President & the Secretary DHS are in same place, to maintain flow of information from one agency.15. Integrated Response. Civil and military assets to be combined and employed as one resource and NOT in a graduated manner.

STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENTChange of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all National Developmental Programmes.Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster.Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and Capacity Building.Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions for Mass Education and Awareness. Upgradation of the Key Responders.

STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT7.Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districts and States.8.Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems.9.Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response.10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors.11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods & Cyclones.12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and International Level.

Presented by:-HARSHITH SClass- X BRoll no.-12 Natural calamities

Rain :natural phenomenon

A simple mountain

The natural calamities are:-

Flood

Earth quake

Flood

What is FloodA flood is an overflow of an expanse of water.

Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake.

Due to snow melt.Whole city is flooded

Flood SafetyDont go to flooded area by vehicle.

Keep a portable radio.

Emergency cooking equipment.

People who live in frequently flooded areas should store materials such as sandbags, plywood, plastic sheeting.

Wait for rescue operation

What is an EarthquakeAn earthquake is a sudden violent motion of the earth

For a short time, within a very limited region.

Damage to emergency servicesDamage hospitals

Damage overhead water tank.

Disruption of electricity.

Damage of bridges + Hospital +Bridge

Coping with an earthquake

Keep calm.

Stay away from almirah, heavy items etc.

If you are caught indoors at the time of an earthquake:-

Stay away from glass windows, mirror etc.

Do not rush towards the doors or staircase. They may be broken or jammed.

If you are caught indoors at the time of an earthquake:-

Get under a table or a bed so that you are not hurt by falling objects.

If you are caught indoors at the time of an earthquake:-

If open space is available nearby, go there.

Keep away from tall chimneys, buildings, balconies and other projections.

If you are caught outdoors at the time of an earthquake:-

Do not run through streets; hoardings or lamps may fall on you.

If you are caught outdoors at the time of an earthquake:-

After the earthquake

Switch off all appliances like the refrigerator, TV or radio. Turn off the gas.

Check if you or anyone else is hurt. Use first aid at least on the cuts and bruises.

Consult architecture and engineer to construct special structure for houses, bridges, dams, etc from the effect of earthquakes.

Question ??What are the other natural calamities?TSUNAMI

Drought

Volcano

This picture shows which type of natural calamitiesTSUNAMI

*