P1

Controls Essential oil of Peperomia pellucida

Treatments

Positive

(fungicide)

Negative

(water)2,5 µL 5,0 µL 7,5 µL 10,0 µL

Diameter (mm) inhibition haloa ± SDb

21±1 0,0±0,0 8,4±0,5 10,5±0,4 9,5±0,6 12,3±0,3

RESULTS

Elemental concentration (mg kg-1), or otherwise indicated (%) in leaves (FPEP), aerial part (PPEP),root (RPEP) of Peperomia pellucida and surrounding soil (SPEP).

Radionuclides activity (Bq kg-1) in leaves (FPEP), aerial part (PPEP), root (RPEP) of Peperomia pellucida,

surrounding soil (SPEP) and elemental percentages from dry plant to ethanolic extract (EPEP) and

infusion (IPEP).

CONCLUSION

INAA, AAS and gross alpha and beta counting after radiochemical separation have proved to be an efficient analytical techniques to determine a variety of elements in a wide range of concentrations. The elements present in the

species Peperomia pellucida (Co, Cr, Fe and Zn) are essential for various metabolic activities in humans. The elements Zn and Cr are involved in various metabolic processes among them is the potential property of healing,

promoting the healing of burns and wounds. Therefore, the healing property of Peperomia pellucida may be related to the presence of Zn and Cr in its constitution. Considering the method (maceration) used for extracting of active

compounds from medicinal plants for the production of phytotherapics and the way the herbs are consumed by the population, the study of stable elements and radionuclides activity in such plants have great significance. This

study showed that P. pellucida oil has antifungal activity against A. flavus and amoung their constituents, the dillapiole has been described for fungicidal properties.

Natural Radionuclides, Stable Elements Concentration and Study of

Bioactive Components of Peperomia pellucida (L.) KunthFábio V. Sussa1, Sandra R. Damatto1, Joana D’arc Felício2, Edlayne Gonçalez2, Verônica M. S. Santos2,

Barbara P. Mazzilli1, Paulo S. C. Silva11IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Gerência de Metrologia das Radiações (GMR), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

2Centro de Sanidade Animal do Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

E-mail address: fabiosussa@uol.com.br

Popular Name Botanical Name Medicinal Uses Used part plant

Little heart, toad’s

tongue, turtoise grassPeperomia pellucida (L.) KUNT

Healing property, antibacterial, anti-

inflammatory, analgesic activitiesAerial part

INTRODUCTION

Peperomia pellucida species belongs to Piperaceae family, which is

extremely studied on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological

viewpoint. The medical properties and effectiveness of medicinal plants

depend on environmental conditions. Many minerals play a significant role

in the formation of active constituents which are responsible for their

curative properties. Moreover, the presence of stable elements and natural

radionuclides in such plants constitutes the pathway for their migration to

the human. Some of these elements play vital role in many physiological

reactions and their excess can affect human health.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

EXTRACT (ETHANOLIC

AND INFUSION

• INAA

• GFAAS

• GROSS ALPHA E BETA

COUNTING AFTER

RADIOCHEMICAL

SEPARATION

ESSENTIAL OIL

• DISC-DIFUSION TEST

• GC/MS

• INAA

• GFAAS

• GROSS ALPHA E BETA

COUNTING AFTER

RADIOCHEMICAL

SEPARATION

Soil

Infusion for 5 min.

Ethanol extract 70%

Maceration 7 days at room temperature

HYDRODISTILLATION

Peperomia pellucida was collected in the Botanical Garden located in Rio deJaneiro, Brazil.

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth

DRY AND FINE POWDER

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS —The authors acknowledge CAPES from Brazil for financial support. The authors are grateful to Mrs. Elsie F. Guimarães of Botanical Garden Institute, for the identification of Peperomia pellucida and to Mr. João for your help in collecting plant.

Antifungal activity of Peperomia pellucida essential oil against Aspergillus flavus.

a Mean value (n=5) b Standard deviation and experiments were repeated twice.

I IIIIIV

IV VI

Growth inhibition halo of A. flavus in paper disc by fungicide (I), negative control (II), aliquots2,5 µL (III), 5,0 µL (IV), 7,5 µL (V) and 10,0 µL (VI) of P. pellucida.

35

40

45

50

55

60

0 2,5 5 7,5 10

Inh

ibit

ing

of

Asperg

illus

flavus

gro

wth

Peperomia pellucida (µL)

%

IC50 = 5 µL

Effects of different aliquots of essential oil extracted from Peperomia pellucida.

Volatile compounds identified in the Essential oil of Peperomia pellucida.

a RI = sample retention indices.b RIlit = retention indices published.

Constituents % RI a RI lit.b

n-Dodecane 0,48 1199 1199n-Tetradecane 1,72 1394 1399Trans-Caryophyllene 2,62 1413 1418Dehydroaromadendrene 0,83 1456 1462γ-Muurolene 0,99 1474 1477Bicyclogermacrene 1,01 1490 1494n-Pentadecane 0,70 1493 1500(E,E)-α-Farnesene 0,57 1501 1508Germacrene B 20,86 1555 1556Trans-Nerolidol 1,60 1557 1564Spathulenol 0,77 1576 1576Caryophyllene oxide 10,83 1590 1583Dillapiole 53,35 1618 1620Apiole 2,02 1673 1678

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

As Ba Br Ce Cl Co Cr Cs Eu Fe Hf K La Lu Mn Na Nd Rb Sb Sc Sm Ta Tb Th V U Yb ZnZ-s

co

re

IAEA-336 (Lichen) IAEA-Soil-7 BE-N1 NIST-8704 IAEA-326 NIST-1696a

Z-score values obtained for the elements determined by INAA in

reference material IAEA-336, IAEA-326, IAEA-S7, NIST-1696a, NIST-

8704 and BE-N1.

Calibration curves for Pb and Cd obtained by AAS.

ElementThis work Certified value

(IAEA-326)na Mean ± SD RSDb,% REc,%226Ra 9 37,3 ±0,5 1,2 14,3 33 ±2228Ra 9 46 ±1 2,4 15,1 40,1 ±0,8210Pb 9 58 ±2 2,7 9,3 53 ±5

a Number of determinations, b Relative standard deviation c Relative error

Botanical Garden, RJ

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ra-226 Ra-228 Pb-210

Bq kg-1 FPEP PPEP RPEP SPEP

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

%EPEP IPEP

y = 0,05965x + ,00364R² = 0,9973

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0,35

0,4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ab

so

rban

ce

Concentration (µg L-1)

Cdy = 0,00164x + 0,00571

R² = 0,9975

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0,3

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Ab

so

rban

ce

Concentration (µg L-1)

Pby = 0,01248x + ,0019

R² = 0,9981

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

0,25

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

Ab

so

rban

ce

Concentration (µg L-1)

Hg

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Ba Rb Zn

mg kg-1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

As Br Cl(%) Cr K(%)

mg kg-1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Ce La Mn Nd Pb Th

mg kg-1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Cd Mg(%) Sc Sm U Yb

mg kg-1

FPEP PPEP RPEP SPEP

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Co Cs Eu Fe(%) Hf

mg kg-1

FPEP PPEP RPEP SPEP

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

Hg Lu Na(%) Sb Ta Tb

mg kg-1

FPEP PPEP RPEP SPEP