Document type: European Standard Document subtype: Document stage: CEN Enquiry Document language: E X:\TA3\TG3-1\NA 062\CEN\CENTC 246\CENTC 246 WG 3\Projekte\EN 1469\EN_1469_(E).doc STD Version 2.4c

CEN/TC 246 Date: 2011-10

prEN 1469:2011

CEN/TC 246

Secretariat: UNI

Natural stone products — Slabs for cladding — Requirements

Natursteinprodukte — Bekleidungsplatten — Anforderungen

Produits de pierre naturelle — Dalles de revêtement mural — Préscriptions

ICS:

Descriptors:

CEN/TC 246/WG 3 N 91

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Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4 2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4 3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................5 4 Requirements .........................................................................................................................................5 5 Marking and packaging.......................................................................................................................12 6 Evaluation of conformity.....................................................................................................................13 Annex A (informative) Sampling ...................................................................................................................20 Annex B (informative) Example of quality manual and factory production control .................................24 Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU

Construction Products Directive........................................................................................................35

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Foreword

This document (prEN 1469:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI.

This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.

This document will supersede EN 1469:2003.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.

This European Standard is one of a series of standards for specifications of natural stone products which includes the following:

EN 1467, Natural stone — Rough blocks — Requirements

EN 1468, Natural stone — Rough slabs — Requirements

EN 1469, Natural stone products — Slabs for cladding — Requirements

EN 12057, Natural stone products — Modular tiles — Requirements

EN 12058, Natural stone products — Slabs for floors and stairs — Requirements

EN 12059, Natural stone products — Dimensional stone work — Requirements

Other standards on natural stone are produced by:

CEN/TC 178 Paving units and kerbs

EN 1341, Slabs of natural stone for external paving — Requirements and test methods

EN 1342, Sets of natural stone for external paving — Requirements and test methods

EN 1343, Kerbs of natural stone for external paving — Requirements and test methods

CEN/TC 128 Roof covering products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding

EN 12326-2, Slate and stone products for discontinuous roofing and cladding — Part 2: Methods of test

EN 12326-1, Slate and stone products for discontinuous roofing and cladding — Part 1: Product specification

CEN/TC 125 Masonry

EN 771-6, Specification for masonry units — Part 6: Natural stone masonry units

Other standards are relevant to stone aggregates for concrete, roads, railways and armourstone (under study within CEN/TC 154).

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1 Scope

This European Standard specifies requirements for slabs of natural stone which are made for use as cladding and ceiling finishes. It does not cover aggregates and artificially agglomerated stony material and does not cover installation for cladding.

NOTE It does not cover roofing slates used as external cladding and slates and stone products for discontinuous roofing.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 1925, Natural stone test methods — Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity

EN 1936, Natural stone test method — Determination of real density and apparent density and of total and open porosity

EN 12371, Natural stone test methods — Determination of frost resistance

EN 12372, Natural stone test methods — Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load

EN 12407, Natural stone test methods — Petrographic examination

EN 12440, Natural stone — Denomination criteria

EN 12524, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values

EN 12670:2001, Natural stone — Terminology

EN 13161, Natural stone test methods — Determination of flexural strength under constant moment

EN 13364:2001, Natural stones test methods — Determination of breaking load at a dowel hole

EN 13373, Natural stone test methods — Determination of geometric characteristics on units

EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests

EN 13755, Natural stone test methods — Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure

EN 14066, Natural stone test methods — Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock

EN 14158, Natural stone test methods — Determination of rupture energy

EN ISO 12572, Hygrothermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of water vapour transmission properties (ISO 12572:2001)

WI 00246094, Natural stone test methods — Determination of resistance to thermal and moisture cycles

NOTE Besides the European Standards for test methods mentioned in this clause, there exist further standards which can be used for scientific examinations, but which are not relevant for the application in practice according to this standard.

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12670 2001 and the following apply.

3.1 slab for cladding slab cut to size which forms a wall covering and ceiling finishes for outside or inside use, fixed to a structure either mechanically or by means of mortar or adhesives

NOTE Mortar is defined in EN 998-1. Adhesive is defined in EN 12004. 3.2 dimensions of slabs for cladding the length l, width b and thickness d are the dimensions of a slab for cladding. They are given in the stated sequence in millimetres (see Figure 1)

Figure 1 — Dimensions of a slab for cladding

4 Requirements

4.1 Requirements for geometric characteristics

4.1.1 General

All measurements shall be carried out in accordance with EN 13373 and all measured values of individual units shall fall within the required tolerances.

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4.1.2 Requirements for thickness

The thickness shall not deviate from the nominal thickness by more than given in Table 1.

Table 1 — Tolerances on the nominal thickness

Nominal thickness in mm

Tolerance

More than 12 Up to and including 30

± 10 %

More than 30 Up to and including 80

± 3 mm

More than 80 ± 5 mm

Stricter tolerances may be declared by the manufacturer. This is particularly important when the edges of the slabs will be visible.

NOTE If the slab is to be fixed by adhesive or a thin mortar bed, stricter tolerances may be needed.

The required thickness of slabs shall result from a structural analysis or similar procedure which takes into account the technical and physical properties of the stone and the intended application.

For natural cleft/riven faces, Table 1 does not apply and the tolerances on thickness shall be declared by manufacturer.

4.1.3 Requirements for flatness

The deviation from flatness of the surface (except for natural cleft faces) shall not exceed 0,2 % of the slab length, and shall not exceed 3 mm. For natural cleft faces, the tolerance on flatness shall be declared by manufacturer.

4.1.4 Requirements for length, width and squareness

The length, width or squareness shall not deviate from the nominal size by more than given in Table 2. Measurements shall be made according to EN 13373.

Table 2 — Tolerances on length, width and squareness

Nominal length or width in mm < 600 ≥ 600

Sawn edges thickness ≤ 50 mm ± 1 mm ± 1,5 mm

Sawn edges thickness > 50 mm ± 2 mm ± 3 mm

Squareness ± 1 mm ± 2 mm

Stricter tolerances may be declared by the manufacturer.

4.1.5 Requirements for special shapes

The permissible tolerance at any point shall be as stated in Table 2 (see Figure 2).

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Each slab angle shall be in accordance with the agreed geometry. Pieces of special or irregular shape shall be checked for compliance with the required shape by use of a suitable template, the permissible tolerance at any point shall be as stated in Table 2.

Stricter tolerances may be declared by the manufacturer. This is particularly important when the edges of the slabs will be visible.

Dimensions in millimetres

Key 1 Nominal size 2 The slab sides shall fall within the two dotted lines indicating the tolerances of length and width according to Table 2

Figure 2 — Example of tolerances on angles

4.1.6 Requirements for location of dowel holes

The specified location, depth and diameter (shape) of dowel holes shall be as follows:

• Location measured along the length or width of the slab: ± 2 mm

• Location measured along thickness: ± 1 mm (to be measured from the exposed face)

• Depth: + 3 / - 1 mm

• Diameter: + 1 / - 0,5 mm

Stricter tolerances may be declared by the manufacturer.

For other fixing systems (e.g. slots), specific tolerances shall be declared by the manufacturer.

4.1.7 Commercial sizes of slabs for cladding

Commercial sizes shall be based on the area of the smallest possible circumscribed rectangle measured in square metres accurate to two decimal places.

NOTE For small units it may be necessary to agree a minimum size, for example 0,25 m2.

4.1.8 Requirements for surface finish

4.1.8.1 General

Surface finishes shall be carried out uniformly to the edges of the cladding slab.

The surface treatment of some types of stones may typically involve the use of patching, fillers or other similar products for natural holes, faults or cracks; this is to be considered as part of the normal processing. In such cases the type of treatment, as well as the type and nature of additional materials, shall be declared.

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4.1.8.2 Requirements for surfaces after surface finishing

Surfaces shall have a regular appearance as a function of the finishing process and shall be worked to meet the specified finish (e.g. making reference to samples, see 4.2.3) on all exposed surfaces.

NOTE 1 Surfaces obtained by means of percussion tools are, for example:

– bush hammered surfaces (see EN 12670:2001, 2.3.8)1)

– trimmed surfaces: finish obtained by using pointed chisel and mallet or a grooving machine;

– striated surfaces: finish obtained by using a claw chisel (percussion tool for roughening a surface, with the cutting edge consisting of several teeth of various size) or a ruling machine.

NOTE 2 Surfaces obtained by other finishing operations are, for example:

– flamed finish (see EN 12670:2001, 2.3.22)2)

– sand blasted finish (see EN 12670:2001, 2.3.46)3)

– water jet streamed finish: a matt textured surface finish, accomplished by exposing the surface to a jet of water under pressure;

– machine tooled finish (see EN 12670:2001, 2.3.54)4)

– riven cut finish: rugged surface produced by splitting stone with a guillotine or chisel.

4.2 Requirements of natural stone for cladding

4.2.1 General

Due to the natural variations of the stone materials, deviations from the declared values may occur.

When during production the products have been subjected to a treatment that alters the properties of the stone (e.g. chemical or physical treatment, patching or filling or other similar products for natural holes, faults or cracks) then the use of such treatment shall be stated and changes to the physical and chemical properties considered.

In addition, specimens for testing shall be representative of the product and any process(es) that the stone is subjected to.

The following characteristics shall be declared where requested by this standard or with reference to the intended use conditions.

4.2.2 Denomination

1) finish obtained by using a bush hammer (percussion tool for roughening a surface, with a square head and with few pyramidal percussion teeth or points) or a bush hammering machine (machine consisting of feed rolls and a overhanging beam, supporting a pneumatic bush hammer).

2) Surface texture obtained by thermal treatment of the stone using a high temperature flame.

3) A matt finishing resulting from the impact of sand or other abrasive grains expelled by a sand jet.

4) This term has two different meanings:

1) finish resulting from a mechanical surface treatment with tools;

2) dressed finish clearly showing tool marks.

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The denomination shall always be declared in accordance with EN 12440 (it means traditional name, petrological family, typical colour and place of origin).

NOTE The place of origin can be given by GPS coordinates.

The petrographic definition shall be determined in accordance with EN 12407.

4.2.3 Visual appearance

4.2.3.1 General

This characteristic shall always be declared.

The colour, veining, texture, etc. of the stone shall be identified visually, typically by a reference sample of the same stone suitable for providing a general description of visual appearance. The reference sample shall be provided by the supplier.

4.2.3.2 Reference sample, visual inspection and acceptance criteria

A reference sample shall be an adequate number of pieces of natural stone of sufficient size to indicate the general appearance of the finished work. The dimensions of individual pieces shall be at least 0,01 square metres (typical values are between 0,01 and 0,25 square metres in face area but may be more), and shall indicate the range of appearance regarding the colouring, the vein pattern, the physical structure and the surface finish. In particular the reference sample shall show specific characteristics of the stone, such as typical holes, glass seams, spots, crystalline veins and rusty spots.

The reference sample does not imply strict uniformity between the sample itself and the actual supply; natural variations may always occur.

If the processing of the stone involves the use of patching, fillers or other similar products for natural holes, faults or cracks, then the reference sample shall similarly display the impact of the same on the finished surface.

All the characteristics as shown by the reference sample shall be considered typical of the stone and not as flaws, therefore they shall not become a reason for rejection, unless their concentration becomes excessive and the typical character of the stone is lost.

The name and address of the producer or the supplier, as well as the denomination of the stone in accordance with 4.2.2 above, shall be indicated on the reference sample.

Any comparison between production sample and reference sample shall be carried out by placing the reference sample against the production samples and viewing them at a distance of about two metres under normal daylight conditions and recording any visible differences in the characteristics of the stones (see Figure 3).

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Key

1 Reference sample

2 Production sample

3 Daylight

Figure 3 — Comparison between production sample and reference sample

All visible variations such as cracks, inclusions, cavities, stylolites and veins are permitted as far as they are typical for the stone and the performance of the stone is not adversely affected.

4.2.4 Flexural strength

This characteristic shall always be declared.

The flexural strength shall be determined using the test method in EN 12372 and the mean value, lower expected value and standard deviation shall be declared.

NOTE An identification test as defined in EN 12372 is usually carried out for the purpose of CE marking. However, where the surface finish of the delivered product is known, the test may be carried out with this finish, in accordance with the technological tests defined in EN 12372.

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4.2.5 Breaking load at a dowel hole

The characteristic breaking load at a dowel hole shall be declared when the slabs are to be mechanically fixed using dowels on the edges.

The breaking load at a dowel hole shall be determined using the test method in EN 13364 and the mean value, lower expected value and standard deviation shall be declared.

NOTE 1 An identification test as defined in EN 13364:2001 (6.2.5) is usually carried out for the purpose of CE marking. However, where the surface finish of the delivered product is known, the test may be carried out with this finish, in accordance with the technological tests defined in EN 13364.

NOTE 2 If a different mechanical fixing is to be used, the breaking load is recorded as "No performance determined" (NPD) and the suitability of the stone is determined from a structural analysis taking into account the location and the technical properties of the material.

NOTE 3 It is recommended not to drill anchor holes by percussion drilling machines.

4.2.6 Water absorption at atmospheric pressure

This characteristic shall be declared on request.

The water absorption shall be determined using the test method in EN 13755 and the results expressed accordingly.

4.2.7 Reaction to fire

This characteristic shall always be declared.

Natural stones are considered reaction to fire Class A1 following Commission Decision 96/603/EC, as amended, with the following exceptions:

• Natural stones containing asphalt at greater than 1 % by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous, and having a final use subject to fire regulations, shall be tested for reaction to fire and classified in accordance with EN 13501-1.

• Whenever processing of natural stones involves the use of organic patching, fillers or other similar products for natural holes, faults, cracks or similar, at greater than 1 % by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous and the same stones have a final use subject to fire regulations, then they shall be tested for reaction to fire and classified in accordance with EN 13501-1.

4.2.8 Water absorption by capillarity

This characteristic shall be declared upon request (e.g. when the cladding slab is to be used for elements in contact with a horizontal surface where water may be present).

The water absorption by capillarity shall be determined using the test method in EN 1925 and the results expressed accordingly.

For stone having an open porosity less than 1,0 % this test shall not be performed.

4.2.9 Apparent density and open porosity

This characteristic shall always be declared.

The apparent density and open porosity shall be determined using the test method in EN 1936 and the results expressed accordingly.

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4.2.10 Frost resistance

This characteristic shall be declared where subject to regulatory requirements. The frost resistance shall be determined using the test method in EN 12371 and the results expressed:

⎯ as the value of the flexural strength without frost and after 14 freeze/thaw cycles by giving the mean value and lower expected value;

NOTE 1 The physical properties of all stones vary within a normal range. To evaluate the change in flexural strength before and after a frost test it is therefore recommended to first determine whether the reduction in strength is statistically significant in relation to the normal range for the stone. This can be done by e.g. students t-test.

⎯ or in case the stone failed before 14 cycles, as the number of cycles necessary to initiate cracks, rupture, etc.

For some specific uses it may be appropriate to use different test cycles, for example freezing in water, freezing in water containing sodium chloride, freezing to a lower temperature, or testing specimens embedded in non-porous siliceous granules or a different number of cycles. In these cases national specifications may be followed but these variations shall be clearly stated in the test report and in the product marking.

NOTE 2 The selection of the stone is subjected to climatic zone and/or to codes of practice.

NOTE 3 The frost damage which a stone may suffer when installed in a building will depend on the climatic conditions of the place of use, the relative position in the building (which determines the degree of saturation) and the predicted service life of the building. Consequently, each country may feel it appropriate to introduce in the standard a national informative annex that may be used to determine the number of the freeze-thaw cycles to be carried out in the laboratory for a technological test. This number of cycles will be appropriate to a specific project and will help to provide guidance for the interpretation of the test results.

4.2.11 Thermal shock resistance

This characteristic shall be declared where subject to regulatory requirements.

The resistance to thermal cycles shall be determined using the test method in EN 14066 and the changes both in porosity and in flexural strength expressed accordingly.

In cases where the test has not been carried out the resistance shall be recorded as "No performance determined" (NPD).

4.2.12 Water vapour permeability

This characteristic shall be declared upon request (e.g. when the slab is to be used in a location subject to vapour control requirements, and fixed by means of mortar or adhesives).

The permeability shall be given by making reference to tabulated values in EN 12524.

4.2.13 Resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycling

This characteristic shall be declared upon request only for marble intended for cladding of building facades.

For scientific definition of marble, see EN 12670, 2.1.243 a.

5 Marking and packaging

As a minimum of identification, each consignment shall carry the following indications:

a) the denomination of the natural stone in accordance with EN 12440;

b) quantities and dimensions of the slabs for cladding.

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Additional information is advisable:

c) the mass of the slabs for cladding;

d) dimensions and mass of packaging.

These indications shall be given on labels, packaging or on accompanying documents.

An identification system may be used in order to identify individual slabs; in such a case individual stones shall be clearly marked accordingly. Marking will usually consist of alphanumeric codes and symbols (e.g. to define proper orientation at installation).

The slabs for cladding shall be clean before packaging.

Packaging shall allow adequate, solid and durable protection for packed stones, both during transport and during handling and storage. Movement of slabs inside the packaging has to be prevented by securing individual pieces.

Packaging shall be of appropriate mass and size in consideration of transportation and lifting facilities; the top and bottom of the packaging as well as stacking possibility shall be indicated.

The supplier shall ensure safety against contamination caused by packaging materials, in wet or dry conditions.

Packaging and tapes which are likely to stain shall not be used. Sensitive polished surfaces shall be protected by appropriate means (for example plastic foil). Products with caustic properties shall not be used.

6 Evaluation of conformity

6.1 General

The compliance of natural stone slabs for cladding with the requirements of this standard and with the declared values (including classes) shall be demonstrated by:

⎯ Initial Type Testing;

⎯ factory production control by the manufacturer, including product assessment.

The manufacturer shall always retain the overall control and shall have the necessary means to take responsibility for the product.

6.2 Initial Type Testing – Type Testing

6.2.1 General

Initial Type Testing and Type Testing shall be performed to demonstrate compliance with this European standard.

All essential characteristics for which the manufacturer declares performances, are subject to Initial Type Testing. In addition, the need to perform Type Tests applies to all other characteristics included in a standard when the manufacturer claims compliance, unless the standard gives provisions (e.g. use of previously existing data, CWFT and conventionally accepted performance) for declaring performances without performing tests. A list of possible characteristics is given in Table 3.

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Table 3 — List of possible characteristics of slabs for claddings for initial type testing

Reference to clause for applicability a Properties/characteristics Test method in accordance

with

4.2.2 Petrographic description EN 12407

4.2.3 Visual appearance Visual

4.2.4 Flexural strength EN 12372

4.2.5 Breaking load at a dowel hole EN 13364

4.2.6 Water absorption at atmospheric pressure

EN 13755

4.2.7 Reaction to fire (only where testing is required)

EN 13501-1

4.2.8 Water absorption by capillarity EN 1925

4.2.9 Apparent density and open porosity EN 1936

4.2.10 Frost resistance EN 12371

4.2.11 Thermal shock resistance EN 14066

4.2.12 Water vapour permeability EN 12524 and/or EN ISO 12572

4.2.13 Resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycling

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a Reference shall be made to these clauses in order to decide which characteristics need to be declared.

Tests previously performed in accordance with the provisions of this standard, may be taken into account for a maximum of 10 years provided that they were made to the same or a more rigorous test method, under the same system of attestation of conformity on the same product or products of similar design, construction and functionality, such that the results are applicable to the product in question.

NOTE 1 Same system of attestation of conformity means testing by an independent third.

⎯ For the purposes of testing, the manufacturer's products may be grouped into families, where it is considered that the results for one or more characteristics from any one product within the family are representative for that same characteristics for all products within that same family (a product may be in different families for different characteristics).

NOTE 2 Products may be in different families for different characteristics.

NOTE 3 Reference to the test method standards should be made to allow the selection of a suitable representative sample.

In addition, Type Tests or Initial Type Testing shall be performed for all characteristics included in the standard for which the manufacturer declares performances:

⎯ at the beginning of the production of a new or modified natural stone slabs for cladding (unless a member of the same family), or

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they shall be repeated for the appropriate characteristic(s), whenever a change occurs identified by the Factory Production Control in the natural stone slabs for cladding design, in the raw material or in the supplier of the components, or in the production process (subject to the definition of a family), which would affect significantly one or more of the characteristics.

Where components (e. g. rough blocks, rough slabs) are used whose characteristics have already been determined, by the component manufacturer, on the basis of compliance with other product standards, these characteristics need not be re-assessed. The specifications of these components shall be documented, as shall be included in the inspection scheme for ensuring their compliance.Products marked in accordance with appropriate harmonized European specifications may be presumed to have the performances stated with the that marking, although this does not replace the responsibility on the natural stone slabs for cladding designer to ensure that the natural stone slabs for cladding as a whole is correctly designed and its component products have the necessary performance values to meet the design.

6.2.2 Test reports

All Type Tests, and/or Initial Type Tests and their results shall be documented in test reports. All test reports shall be retained by the manufacturer for at least 10 years after the last date of production of the natural stone slabs for cladding to which they relate.

6.3 Factory production control (FPC)

6.3.1 General

The manufacturer shall establish, document and maintain an FPC system to ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declared performance of the characteristics.

The FPC system shall consist of procedures, regular inspections and tests and/or assessments and the use of the results to control raw and other incoming materials or components, equipment, the production process and the product. All the elements, requirements and provisions adopted by the manufacturer shall be documented in a systematic manner in the form of written policies and procedures.

6.3.2 Requirements

This production control system documentation shall ensure a common understanding of conformity evaluation and enable the achievement of the required product characteristics and the effective operation of the production control system to be checked. Factory production control therefore brings together operational techniques and all measures allowing maintenance and control of the compliance of the product with this European standard.

6.3.2.1 General

The manufacturer is responsible for organizing the effective implementation of the FPC system. Tasks and responsibilities in the production control organization shall be documented and this documentation shall be kept up-to-date.

The responsibility, authority and the relationship between personnel that manages, performs or verifies work affecting product conformity, shall be defined. This applies in particular to personnel that needs to initiate actions preventing product non-conformities from occurring, actions in case of non-conformities and to identify and register product conformity problems. Personnel performing work affecting product conformity shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, skills and experience for which records shall be maintained.

In each factory the manufacturer may delegate the action to a person having the necessary authority to:

⎯ identify procedures to demonstrate conformity of the product at appropriate stages;

⎯ identify and record any instance of non-conformity;

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⎯ identify procedures to correct instances of non-conformity.

The manufacturer shall draw up and keep up-to-date documents defining the factory production control. The manufacturer's documentation and procedures should be appropriate to the product and manufacturing process. The FPC system should achieve an appropriate level of confidence in the conformity of the product. This involves :

a) the preparation of documented procedures and instructions relating to factory production control operations, in accordance with the requirements of the technical specification to which reference is made;

b) the effective implementation of these procedures and instructions;

c) the recording of these operations and their results;

d) the use of these results to correct any deviations, repair the effects of such deviations, treat any resulting instances of non-conformity and, if necessary, revise the FPC to rectify the cause of non-conformity.

Where subcontracting takes place, the manufacturer shall retain the overall control of the product and ensure that he receives all the information that is necessary to fulfil his responsibilities according to this European Standard.

If the manufacturer has part of the product designed, manufactured, assembled, packed, processed and/or labelled by subcontracting, the FPC of the subcontractor may be taken into account, where appropriate for the product in question.

The manufacturer who subcontracts all of his activities may in no circumstances pass these responsibilities on to a subcontractor.

NOTE Manufacturers having an FPC system, which complies with EN ISO 9000 series standard and which addresses the requirements of this European standard are recognized as satisfying the FPC requirements of the Council Directive 89/106/EEC.

6.3.2.2 Equipment

6.3.2.2.1 Testing

All weighing, measuring and testing equipment shall be calibrated and regularly inspected according to documented procedures, frequencies and criteria.

6.3.2.2.2 Manufacturing

All equipment used in the manufacturing process shall be regularly inspected and maintained to ensure use, wear or failure does not cause inconsistency in the manufacturing process. Inspections and maintenance shall be carried out and recorded in accordance with the manufacturer’s written procedures and the records retained for the period defined in the manufacturer's FPC procedures.

6.3.2.3 Raw materials and components

The specifications of all incoming raw materials and components shall be documented, as shall the inspection scheme for ensuring their compliance. In case supplied kit components are used, the attestation of conformity level of the component shall be that given in the appropriate harmonised technical specification for that component.

6.3.2.4 Design process

The factory production control system shall document the various stages in the design of products, identify the checking procedure and those individuals responsible for all stages of design. During the design process itself, a record shall be kept of all checks, their results, and any corrective actions taken.

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This record shall be sufficiently detailed and accurate to demonstrate that all stages of the design phase, and all checks, have been carried out satisfactorily.

6.3.2.5 Traceability and marking

Individual products shall be identifiable and traceable with regard to their production origin. The manufacturer shall have written procedures ensuring that processes related to affixing traceability codes and/or markings are inspected regularly.

6.3.2.6 Controls during manufacturing process

The manufacturer shall plan and carry out production under controlled conditions.

During the manufacturing process the manufacturer shall apply a continuous verification of selected characteristics in accordance with manufacturer's FPC plan.

6.3.2.7 Product testing and evaluation

The manufacturer shall establish procedures to ensure that the stated values of the characteristics he declares, are maintained. The characteristics, and the means of control are:

⎯ geometrical characteristics: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.1, at least every production lot5)

⎯ visual appearance shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.3, at least every production lot;

⎯ flexural strength6) shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.4, at least every 2 years;

⎯ water absorption at atmospheric pressure6) and/or apparent density and open porosity6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.6 and/or 4.2.9, as relevant, at least every 2 years;

⎯ petrographic examination6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.2, at least every 10 years;

⎯ breaking load at a dowel hole6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.5, at least every 10 years;

⎯ reaction to fire7): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.7, at least every 10 years;

⎯ water absorption by capillarity6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.8, at least every 10 years;

⎯ frost resistance6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.10, at least every 10 years;

⎯ thermal shock resistance6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.11, at least every 10 years;

⎯ water vapour permeability6): shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.12, at least every 10 years;

⎯ resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycling: shall be subject to the tests indicated in 4.2.13, at least every 10 years.

5) The dimension or amount of a production lot shall be determined by the manufacturer having as reference a daily production quantity, the number of deliveries and the final destination of the considered quantity of slabs.

6) When the test results carried out on initial material remain valid for the final product, the manufacturer my refer to them.

7) Only where testing is required.

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6.3.2.8 Non-complying products

The manufacturer shall have written procedures which specify how non-complying products shall be dealt with. Any such events shall be recorded as they occur and these records shall be kept for the period defined in the manufacturer’s written procedures.

6.3.2.9 Corrective action

The manufacturer shall have documented procedures that instigate action to eliminate the cause of non-conformities in order to prevent recurrence.

6.3.2.10 Handling, storage and packaging

The manufacturer shall have procedures providing methods of product handling and shall provide suitable storage areas preventing damage or deterioration.

6.3.3 Product specific requirements

The FPC system shall:

⎯ address this European Standard

and

⎯ ensure that the products placed on the market comply with the declared performance characteristics.

The FPC system shall include a product specific FPC, which identifies procedures to demonstrate compliance of the product at appropriate stages, i.e.:

a) the controls and tests to be carried out prior to and/or during manufacture according to a frequency laid down in the FPC test plan,

and/or

b) the verifications and tests to be carried out on finished products according to a frequency laid down in the FPC test plan

If the manufacturer uses only finished products, the operations under b) shall lead to an equivalent level of compliance of the product as if FPC had been carried out during the production.

If the manufacturer carries out parts of the production himself, the operations under b) may be reduced and partly replaced by operations under a). Generally, the more parts of the production that are carried out by the manufacturer, the more operations under b) may be replaced by operations under a).

In any case the operation shall lead to an equivalent level of compliance of the product as if FPC had been carried out during the production.

NOTE Depending on the specific case, it can be necessary to carry out the operations referred to under a) and b), only the operations under a) or only those under b).

The operations under a) refer to the intermediate states of the product as on manufacturing machines and their adjustment, and measuring equipment etc. These controls and tests and their frequency shall be chosen based on product type and composition, the manufacturing process and its complexity, the sensitivity of product features to variations in manufacturing parameters etc.

The manufacturer shall establish and maintain records that provide evidence that the production has been sampled and tested. These records shall show clearly whether the production has satisfied the defined acceptance criteria and shall be available for at least three years.

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Where the product fails to satisfy the acceptance measures, the provisions for non-complying products shall apply, the necessary corrective action shall immediately be taken and the products or batches not complying shall be isolated and properly identified.

Once the fault has been corrected, the test or verification in question shall be repeated.

The results of controls and tests shall be properly recorded. The product description, date of manufacture, test method adopted, test results and acceptance criteria shall be entered in the records under the signature of the person responsible for the control/test.

With regard to any control result not meeting the requirements of this European standard, the corrective measures taken to rectify the situation (e.g. a further test carried out, modification of manufacturing process, throwing away or putting right of product) shall be indicated in the records.

Individual products or batches of products and the related manufacturing documentation shall be completely identifiable and retraceable.

6.3.4 Initial inspection of factory and of FPC

The factory and FPC documentation shall be assessed to verify that the requirements of clause 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 are fulfilled.

During the inspection it shall be verified:

a) that all resources necessary for the achievement of the product characteristics required by this European standard are in place and correctly implemented, and

b) that the FPC-procedures in accordance with the FPC documentation are followed in practice,

and

c) that the product complies with the Initial Type Testing/Type Testing samples, for which compliance with this European standard has been verified.

All locations where final assembly or at least final testing of the relevant product is performed, shall be assessed to verify that the above conditions a) to c) are in place and implemented. If the FPC system covers more than one product, production line or production process, and it is verified that the general requirements are fulfilled when assessing one product, production line or production process, then the assessment of the general requirements does not need to be repeated when assessing the FPC for another product, production line or production process.

All assessments and their results shall be documented in the initial inspection report.

6.3.6 Procedure for modifications

If modifications are made to the product, production process or FPC system that could affect any of the product characteristics required by this standard, then all the characteristics for which the manufacturer declares performance, which may be affected by the modification, shall be subject to Initial Type Testing/Type Testing, except as described in 6.2.1 and 6.3.2.7.

Where relevant, a re-assessment of the factory and of the FPC system shall be performed for those aspects, which may be affected by the modification.

All assessments and their results shall be documented in a report.

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Annex A (informative)

Sampling

A.1 General

This annex specifies methods for obtaining samples of natural stone from quarries, or plants or buildings. Sampling from buildings may be necessary if the delivered natural stone product is already applied in a building.

The aim of sampling is to obtain a bulk sample that is representative of the average properties of the batch and of its variability.

The methods described are based on manual procedures. The methods described are limited to building and civil engineering purposes.

It is important that samplers are accordingly trained in the application of the methods set out in this document.

In case of dispute or if tests are to be done by more than one organization all interested parties shall have the opportunity to observe the sampling and shall agree upon the number of sampling increments to be taken.

A.2 Principles of sampling

Proper and careful sampling and sample transport is a prerequisite for an analysis that will give reliable results. An adequate number of samples has to be taken to obtain a good estimation of the natural heterogenerly of the batch.

The sampler shall be informed of the aim of the sampling.

A.3 Taking bulk samples

The number and sizes of samples depend on the test methods for which they are taken. The number and shape of specimens are given in the relevant test methods.

A.4 Preparing a sampling plan

A sampling plan shall be prepared, prior to sampling, taking into account the following:

⎯ the type of the natural stone (following EN 12440 and EN 12670);

⎯ the aim of the sampling including a list of the properties to be tested;

⎯ the identification of sampling points;

⎯ the approximate size of samples;

⎯ the number of samples;

⎯ the sampling apparatus to be used;

⎯ the methods of sampling;

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⎯ the marking, packaging and dispatch of the samples.

A.5 Sampling apparatus

Any suitable cutting equipment for natural stone may be used for sampling. In addition, drills, which are suitable for taking drill cores, may be used.

A.6 Sampling methods

A.6.1 General

The sampling methods will inevitably involve the samplers working at a quarry, plant or building. Regulations for safety and ergonomics shall be followed.

A.6.2 Sampling from quarries

A.6.2.1 General

The sample shall be taken by a qualified specialist, experienced in the examination of natural stone deposits. The main objective of sampling from such deposits is to establish, the average, the range of variations and the differences in the structure and properties of the natural stone, taking account of the fabric and geological structure and the anticipated quarrying conditions.

A.6.2.2 Sampling of solid rock

a) Identification of anisotropy and orientation of samples

If the exploratory work reveals a pronounced fabric or geological structure which is not necessarily visible at the sample scale (e. g. stratification, massive bedding, lamination, cleavage or rift), the sample shall be marked accordingly.

b) Sampling for petrographic analysis

For petrographic analysis, hand specimens shall be taken from all distinct types and varieties which charac-terize the rock in terms of mineral composition, fabric and geological structure.

Samples from drilling (cores and pieces) may also be used.

In addition to samples of fresh material, samples shall also be taken to illustrate the effects of weathering.

c) Sampling for physical testing

For physical testing, sample blocks shall be used as samples, their number and location depending on the results of the petrographic analysis and the required test methods.

The sample blocks shall measure approximately 0,40 m × 0,25 m × 0,25 m or more where a coarse-grained and/or a large-pored rock is to be sampled.

It is recommended that they are taken from larger natural stones which have been least affected by blastings. Care has to be applied to ensure the sample blocks do not show any hairline cracks resulting from the removal process.

Samples may also be cut from rough blocks, slabs or dimension stones, the number and size of samples depending on the particular test method.

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A.6.3 Sampling from plants

A representative sample of adequate size and characteristic of the natural stone in terms of mineral composition, fabric and geological structure, shall be taken from the material to be tested (e. g. slabs, dimension stones), taking into account the intended use of the material.

A.6.4 Sampling from buildings

Sampling points shall be selected according to the rules for obtaining a representative sample taking into consideration any differences in properties visible to the naked eye. Where necessary, taking a single slab to assess the mechanical properties in situ will be sufficient.

The location of the sample in the building shall be reported.

A.7 Marking, packaging and dispatch of the samples

The samples or containers shall be clearly and durably marked. Marking shall include:

a) a unique code, or

b) identification of the laboratory samples, place of sampling, date of sampling and denomination of the material.

The laboratory samples shall be packed and transported in such a way that they are protected from damage.

A.8 Sampling report

A.8.1 The sampler shall prepare a sampling report for each laboratory sample or for each group of laborato-ry samples from a single source. The sampling report shall refer to this European Standard and state:

a) the sampling report identification (serial number);

b) the laboratory sample identification mark(s);

c) the date and place of sampling;

d) sampling point(s) or identification of the batch sampled;

e) a reference to the sampling plan prepared according to A.4;

f) the name of the sampler(s).

A.8.2 Depending on the circumstances other information might be relevant. Table A.1 shows an example of a comprehensive sampling report.

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Table A.1 — Example of a sampling report

Sampling report identification (serial n°):

Laboratory sample identification mark: no. of package

Description of the natural stone and sampling places

Name of the quarry or production plant or building:

Name of producer:

Origin of batch:

Purpose for which the natural stone is to be used:

Location of sampling point(s):

Identification of the batch:

Size of the batch:

Other comments (e. g. warnings, if appropriate):

Description of the sampling method

Date and time of sampling:

Reference to sampling plan used:

Sampling procedure (drilling, cutting, etc.)

Purpose of the sampling

Samples

No. and dimensions of samples:

Other comments:

Dispatch of the samples:

Sampler(s) (print name):

Contract details

Contract identification:

Name and address of party requesting the sampling:…………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………

Name of person(s) present at sampling:……………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………

Signatures:……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………

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Annex B (informative)

Example of quality manual and factory production control

B.1 General

This annex provides a non-mandatory guideline for the efficient implementation of an FPC. The annex presents examples and clarifications of 6.3 which is the mandatory part describing the Factory Production Control (FPC).

It can be used by the stone producer/supplier to ensure document control according to the requirements in 6.3.2.1.

B.2 The quality system (see 6.3.1)

This annex provides a guideline for the preparation of a company’s quality manual (QM) and factory production control (FPC), according to the company’s structure, policy and production.

The target group for this document is companies producing and/or selling CE-marked natural stone products. The document refers to requirements given by the harmonized product standards covering this sector and to the construction product regulations (CPR).

The QM covers all activities in the company that affect the quality of the product, this guideline mainly focus on the FPC. Examples and templates are given below each described requirement.

Figure B.1 gives one example of how the company’s activities can be described.

Figure B.1 — Example for the company's activities description

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B.3 Organization

B.3.1 Responsibility, authority and competence (see 6.3.2.1)

The responsibility, authority and the interrelation between all personnel who manage, perform and check work affecting the quality shall be defined, including personnel who need organizational freedom and authority to

⎯ initiate actions to prevent occurrence of product non-conformity;

⎯ identify, record and deal with any product quality deviations.

The producer shall appoint a person with appropriate authority to ensure that the requirements related to FPC are implemented and maintained.

An example of a flow chart for the organisation is given in Figure B.2. In very small companies, one person can hold several of the outlined positions.

Figure B.2 — Example of a flow chart for the organisation

B.3.2 Review and updating of the FPC system (see 6.3.2.1)

The FPC system shall be reviewed frequently, at least every year or whenever needed.

The system is reviewed by, or together with, the management to ensure its continuing suitability and effectiveness. Records of such reviews shall be maintained.

A review may be initiated at any time it is felt necessary. The need may arise from internal evaluations (FPC need, improvement of the activity, changes in the production etc.) or from external input, mainly as feedback from the clients.

The documentation shall be updated and changed every time new machinery or equipment have been introduced in the activity of the factory, technical instructions have been updated and/or the need of new personnel training has been identified. Changes in the production can also imply changes in the documentation, as well as changes in the testing procedures. See also 6.3.6.

All these matters shall be discussed during the regular review. Modifications shall be applied to a new issue of the document, and the changes done to the previous version shall be clearly indicated.

An example of check list for the review is given below. All parts of the checklist don’t have to be reviewed every time. However, it is important that all parts are reviewed within a reasonable time limit. The check list is as follows:

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a) Fulfilment of the actions, objectives and plans arranged on previous management reviews and pending questions.

b) Complaints and feedback from customers. Focus on eventual complaints and correlated corrective actions.

c) Evaluation of all deviations registered during the year of production and the corrective actions.

d) Results of internal quality control and process performance.

e) Conformity of the products.

f) Non conformities registered during the year and how they have been solved (corrective and preventive actions).

g) Evaluation of the suitability of the actual FPC system. The management shall consider whether changes are needed in order to maintain the effectiveness of the quality system and to comply with new regulations or customer needs (needs for updating the documents of the quality system). Needs for changes in the organization and/or the quality policy should also be evaluated.

h) Suitability of human resources and equipment.

i) Needs of staff training.

j) Evaluation of the resources needed and planning of their provision.

k) Recommendations for improvement of the effectiveness of the quality management system and its processes.

l) Evaluation of the need to establish new quality objectives/goals and plans.

m) Development of the quality and the management on the basis of the results and previously experienced needs.

n) Improvement of customer satisfaction and development of answering their needs and their requirements.

It is recommended to have an agenda, or checklist of things to discuss before the meeting. The minutes of the meeting elaborated by the Management constitute a REPORT OF MANAGEMENT REVIEW. The report shall include the actions, objectives, plans and timetable for the following year and the persons responsible of undertaking them and the responsible for their fulfilment.

B.3.3 Document and data control (see 6.3.2.1)

The document and data control shall include the documents and data that are relevant to the requirements of the product standard covering purchasing, processing, inspection of materials and the FPC system documents.

A procedure covering the management of documents and data shall be documented in the FPC manual covering procedures for approval, issue, distribution, and of internal and external documentation and data, and the preparation, issue and recording of changes to documentation.

As an example, a list of documents that can be important for the FPC is listed in Table B.1.

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Table B.1 —List of documents important for the FPC

Section Contents : Document name Designation Date

(yy-mm-dd)

In folder

1 Relevant product standards: • EN 1469 Cladding • EN 12057 Modular tiles • EN 12058 Slabs for floor stairs • etc…

2 Quality Assurance Manual Stone ltd

3 Report of Management Review

4 Inspection sampling and testing (reports)

5 Inspection report/checklist

6 Report of observations

7 Attendance list

8 .....

B.4 Equipment for production and testing (see 6.3.2.2)

B.4.1 Calibration and control of testing equipment (see 6.3.2.2.1)

Equipment used for measurements such as scales, straight edges, thermometers, rulers and vernier callipers shall be calibrated.

According to the product standards, the equipment can be either calibrated externally, or purchased with a calibration certificate, initially.

For the continuous control of the equipment it is sufficient to compare against a reference piece of known weight and size. The reference piece shall be measured, weighed etc. initially when the measuring equipment is calibrated. The reference pieces shall be marked and stored in a safe place and only used for the control measurements performed at least on a yearly basis. The characteristics of the control pieces shall be documented.

The size of the equipment shall be appropriate to the dimensions of the product.

Instructions for the control measurements shall be prepared and the results of the repeated controls shall be documented.

For the visual inspection a reference sample of the product is required. The inspection should be performed in daylight (see 4.2.3.2).

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If the stone supplier chooses to perform the tests on flexural strength themselves, the pressure gauges shall also be controlled. One possibility to prepare control pieces is to use a stone type with very homogenous strength properties and prepare a stock of test specimens.

B.4.2 Maintenance of production equipment (see 6.3.2.2.2)

Proper maintenance of production equipment shall be carried out according to a defined scheme or whenever necessary. Normally it is sufficient to follow the manual of the equipment producer.

The maintenance shall be documented.

B.4.3 Raw materials and components

All incoming materials (blocks, slabs etc) shall be inspected and procedures for the inspection shall be defined.

The results of the inspections shall be documented.

Examples of factors that can be relevant for the FPC when the product is CE-marked are given in Table B.2.

Table B.2 — Factors that can be relevant when the product is CE-marked

Control of block (own company, import etc.) reference to EN 1467

Control of slab/semi-finished product reference to EN 1468

Upon purchase, import etc.

Upon reception of blocks from your own company

Upon purchase, import etc.

Own material

Compare the documentation (origina, and properties of the material) with marking on the blockb

Visual inspection: Colour, cracks etc.

Optional: NDT, Petrography

Marking (according to standard and including sawing direction, colour codes etc). Maps and coordinates can, preferably, be used.

(Location of the quarry, the petrographic name and the commercial name are then used on the CE marking.)

Dimensions

Weight

Visual inspection

Compare documentation with marking.

Visual inspection: Colour (compared to reference slabs/ material), cracks, damages etc.

Optional: NDT, Petrography

Marking (according to standard and including sawing direction, colour codes etc).

Dimensions; thickness

Visual inspection, colour, cracks etc.

Example: For limestone, separation depends on checking occurrences of clay. The possible final application depends on the spacing of the clay layers. E.g. outdoor, exposed areas => no clay layers are allowed.

For schists; define the front and back side. This decides how to orient the slab in the stock and for the rest of the processing

Optional tests.

a For location the quarry, GPS-coordinates are recommended. b Described what kind of information that shall be included. Both the overall documentation accompanying the material and the numbering etc to be able to check that you have the right number of blocks, the right colour etc.

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B.5 Design procedure (see 6.3.2.4)

Whenever a design process is used it shall be documented (see 6.3.2.4).

B.6 Traceability and marking (see 6.3.2.5)

Individual products (blocks, slabs and products) shall be identifiable and traceable with regards to the quarry of their origin (see 6.3.2.5). GPS coordinates are recommended.

The clauses and sub-clauses 4.2.2, 5 and ZA.3 give further advice on marking in various stages of the production.

B.7 Sampling

Places for sampling shall be defined and instructions for sampling prepared and documented.

Records of the sampling should be filed together with the results of the subsequent tests/controls/inspections.

See also 6.3.3 in the standard for requirements of sampling.

B.8 Controls during manufacturing process (see 6.3.2.6)

A document describing the tests that have to be performed during the production (between block and finished product) and on finished product shall be prepared. Taking into account that the tests and acceptance criteria’s can be changed, this document shall be changeable.

The sooner in a production any defect is detected the cheaper it is for the producer to initiate corrective measures. At least visual controls shall be done during relevant stages of the production.

The principle: Defined tests and or controls are done on the semi-finished and finished product and according to the results adjustments are done in the production or on the test frequency.

B.9 Product testing and evaluation (see 6.3.2.7)

B.9.1 General

A document shall be prepared, describing the tests (tests and test procedures) that shall be performed on the final product.

The document is based on:

⎯ the requirement in the reference standard (product standard);

⎯ the required performance level of the product.

The following shall be documented:

⎯ test schedule and test frequency (according to time, to production quantity and declared values) as required in the relevant product standards;

⎯ nature of inspections, properties to be tested and acceptance criteria (curve of results obtained over time, gives the tendency and can be an easy way to foresee possible future problems).

NOTE 1 Test frequencies are generally related to periods of production. A period of production is defined as a full week, month or year of production working days.

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NOTE 2 The requirements for FPC can introduce visual inspection. Any deviations indicated by these inspections can lead to increased test frequencies. Other properties (e.g. flexural strength) can also be evaluated.

NOTE 3 It is important that the stone supplier is familiar with the different concepts of average value, characteristic value and lower expected value.

The same test results will give different values for the product declaration depending on which of these three concepts that is used.

Guidance for the definition of proper testing frequencies and suggestions for how to measure some critical properties are given below.

B.9.2 Testing frequency

Table B.3 summarizes what is given in 6.3.2.7 and is an example of the minimum test frequency in the Factory Production Control.

The more frequent testing of some properties such as flexural strength, water absorption and density/porosity is suggested because they have been chosen as important indicative properties. If the test results of these three properties do not conform with the internal quality criteria/limits, all other properties shall be retested.

IMPORTANT — It is essential that the testing frequencies are elaborated and defined by the producers/suppliers themselves in relation to the variability of the product and what is promised in the product declaration. The frequencies given in the product standards are only minimum frequencies!

Table B.3 — Examples for minimum test frequencies

Characteristics Control Frequency Test method in accordance witha

Geometrical characteristics

Visual appearance

Every production lot EN 13373

Visual

Flexural strength

Water absorption

and/or

Apparent density and open porosity

In accordance with the FPC system, but at least

every 2 years

EN 12372/EN 13161

EN 13755

and/or

EN 1936

Petrographic examination

Breaking load at dowel hole

Reaction to fire

Water absorption by capillarity

Frost resistance

Thermal shock resistance

Water vapour permeability

In accordance with the FPC system, but at least

every 10 years

EN 12407

EN 13364

EN 13501-1

EN 1925

EN 12371

EN 14066

EN 12524 and/or

EN ISO 12572

a Proxy tests are allowed to be used for the FPC. A proxy is a test that replaces the standardised test. It is normally a simplified version of the standardised test or a different test that correlates with the standardised one. Proxy tests are quite common in production and product testing. When alternative tests to the reference tests are used for the test procedure, their correlation to the reference test shall be determined and available for inspection. Proxy tests should therefore, preferably, be carried out on samples taken for the ITT so that a correlation easily can be made. In other cases standardised tests have to be made at the same time the proxy tests are implemented.

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B.9.3 Frequency internal tests

The time of re-testing shall be defined according to the production, and in such a way as to have a continuous overview of the characteristics of the material tested. The internal tests shall be used as an instrument to assure that the quality of the product is constant (e.g. within a known and limited variation “promised” in the Product declaration). The test frequency may therefore vary according to any important product deviation found during the production. Initially, a higher test frequency is recommended. If the properties are constant, the frequency can be lowered at a later date. If the properties are not conforming to internal or external requirements, a higher frequency has to be used again. This principle is outlined in Figure B.3.

NOTE Define the criteria for A, B, C and D. Define the frequency for 1, 2, and 3.

Figure B.3 — Principle for selecting the test frequencies

B.9.4 Frequency external tests

External tests shall be documented with a list and timetable.

Some companies can have problems to perform tests other than evaluation of geometrical characteristics and of visual appearance. Such properties shall therefore be checked every time the product changes in character and at least flexural strength and water absorption tests shall be checked every two years, while other properties should be re-evaluated no later than after 10 years.

B.10 Expression of results

B.10.1 Test report

The manufacturer’s test records shall include at least the following information:

a) identification of the product tested;

b) information on sampling:

⎯ place and date of sampling;

⎯ identification of the production lot sampled;

⎯ frequencies of sampling, sampling intervals;

⎯ size and number of samples;

c) test methods applied; the standard or proxy test;

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d) results of the tests carried out.

Data sheets shall be organized so that the data can be collected and evaluated in a constructive way.

B.10.2 Criteria

From numbers alone, it is often difficult to understand, or identify any trends in the properties. Test values can be within the specified limit but still having a negative trend. The trend is a key factor to understanding and foreseeing if the quality of the production will decrease or maintain over time. The best way is therefore also to visualize the results in a graph (see Figure B.4 as an example).

Key

X Date of test

Y Result

1 Upper limit, if relevant

2 Lower accepted limit

a O.K.!

b Do something!

Figure B.4 — Example for visualization of test results

B.10.3 External tests

The documents received from external laboratories shall be stored with the reference documentation, previous evaluation and updating of the information on CE marking.

B.11 Internal Proxy tests

B.11.1 Strength test

The flexural strength is one of the key properties that shall be tested more frequently than most other properties.

An example of a simplified equipment for checking the flexural strength in production is shown below.

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IMPORTANT — It is important to initially sample for testing both according to the standard and according to any self made indirect or simplified method to be able to correlate the results of the in-house tests with the standardised tests of the ITT. Simplified and indirect tests are called proxy tests.

Other indirect tests that have been proposed are rupture energy according to EN 14158 and Schmidt hammer test (frequently used for concrete, e.g. ASTM D5873). The correlation between indirect test and the standard test shall be proven before use in the FPC. An example of a strength test is given in Figure B.5.

Key

1 Load cell

2 Steel frame

3 Stone sample

4 Steel rollers

a The critical points are to increase the load at a steady rate and not too fast and to be able to do it at the same speed every time. You need a machine for this, a hydraulic oil jack that is electrically powered or similar.

Figure B.5 — Example of a strength test

B.11.2 Water absorption test

The water absorption can be tested by use of ordinary ovens and scales. A micro-wave oven is also possible.

Again it is important to correlate such a proxy test with the results obtained using the standardised test. In this case, with non-destructive tests, it is even possible to use the same test specimens.

B.11.3 Geometrical measurement

In case of evaluation of the geometric characteristics it is recommended to make one test for every lot. The size of the lot may be decided by the company depending on the amount of product produced. The limits given by the standard should be taken as a starting point. In general, tests should not be done late compared to the dates suggested unless being justified by very low production or very efficient and high quality of internal tests. Any such deviation, and the reason for it, shall be documented.

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B.12 Control of non-conforming products and corrective actions (see 6.3.2.8)

Procedures for control of non-conforming products and corrective actions shall be prepared.

The non conformity can be detected from the production control or control of finished product and is mainly based on dimensional control and visual inspection, but can also be detected by the standardised or proxy tests

There shall be procedures describing how non-conformities are handled.

Possible actions can be:

⎯ the product is processed once more to refine its characteristics;

⎯ the product is used for a different product category (with lesser requirements);

⎯ the product is taken out of production and destroyed.

B.13 Handling, storage and packaging

Handling and packaging shall be described and ensure that the product does not undergo any contamination, damages, rusting and changes in the original properties of the material during storage and transport.

The product shall be stored in an appropriate way to maintain the specified characteristics of the product. The product stored shall be coded and its position shall be identifiable.

Procedures shall be made also for controlling the material during and after storing to ensure that its characteristics have not changed.

Further guidance is given in Clause 5.

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Annex ZA (informative)

Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU

Construction Products Directive

ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M/121 "Internal and external wall and ceiling finishes" given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.

The clauses of this European Standard shown in this annex meet the requirements of the mandate given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).

Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the slabs of natural stone which are made for use as cladding and ceiling finishes covered by this annex for the intended uses indicated herein; reference shall be made to the information accompanying the CE marking.

WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness for intended uses, can be applicable to the natural stone slabs for cladding falling within the scope of this European Standard. NOTE 1 In addition to any specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this standard, there may be other requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need also to be complied with, when and where they apply.

NOTE 2 An informative database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA (accessed through http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/internal/ dangsub/dangmain.htm).

This annex establishes the conditions for the CE marking of the natural stone slabs for cladding intended for the uses indicated in Tables ZA.1.1 to ZA.1.2 and shows the relevant clauses applicable.

This annex has the same scope as the relevant part in Clause 1 of this standard related to the aspect covered by the mandate and is defined by Tables ZA.1.1 to ZA.1.2.

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Table ZA.1.1 — Relevant clauses for natural stone slabs for internal wall and ceiling finishing

Product: Natural stone slab Intended use: Internal wall and ceiling finishing

Essential Characteristics Requirement clauses in this and other European

Standard(s)

Levels and/or classes Notes

Reaction to fire (intended for uses subject to reaction to fire regulations)

4.2.7 Class A1 without testing

All classes

No test requiredb

EN 13501-1c

Release of dangerous substancesa (as relevant)

Water vapour permeability (only for products subject to water vapour control requirements)

See ZA.1, Note 1

4.2.12

-

-

-

EN ISO 12572 or EN 12524

Flexural tensile strength (only for use in ceilings)

Resistance to fixing (as relevant)

4.2.4

4.2.5

-

-

EN 12372 or EN 13161

EN 13364

Direct airborne sound insulation (apparent density) (for products intended for uses subject to acoustic insulation requirements)

4.2.9

-

EN 1936d

Thermal resistance (apparent density) (only for products intended for uses subject to thermal insulation requirements)

4.2.9

-

EN 1936 or EN

12524 e

Durability - - f

a In particular those dangerous substances defined in Directive 76/69/EC as amended. b No test required, see Decision 96/603/EC, as amended. c Only for the following cases: — natural stones containing asphalt greater than 1 by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous; — whenever processing of natural stones involves the use of organic patching, fillers or other similar products at greater than 1 % by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous. d EN 1936 is used in order to give the apparent density as reference for calculation of acoustic behaviour. e EN 1936 is used in order to give the apparent density as reference for calculation of thermal behaviour. Alternatively the data may be taken from EN 15254. f The current state of the art suggests that, when used in internal wall and ceiling finishes, natural stones will maintain their level of performance for a normal service life. No durability test has therefore been considered.

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Table ZA.1.2 — Relevant clauses for natural stone slabs for external wall and ceiling finishing

Product: Natural stone slab Intended use: External wall and ceiling finishing

Essential Characteristics Requirement clauses in this and other European

Standard(s)

Levels and/or classes Notes

Reaction to fire (intended for uses subject to reaction to fire regulations)

4.2.7 Class A1

All classes

No test required b

EN 13501-1c

Release of dangerous substancesa (as relevant)

Water vapour permeability (only for products subject to water vapour control requirements)

See ZA.1, Note

4.2.12

-

-

-

EN ISO 12572 or EN 12524

Mechanical resistance (e.g. flexural strength, as relevant)

Resistance to fixing (as relevant)

4.2.4

4.2.5

-

-

EN 12372 or EN 13161

EN 13364

Thermal shock resistance (where relevant, according to material) 4.2.11 - EN 14066

Direct airborne sound insulation (apparent density) (for products intended for uses subject to acoustic insulation requirements)

4.2.9

-

EN 1936d

Thermal resistance (apparent density) (only for products intended for uses subject to thermal insulation requirements)

4.2.9

-

EN 1936 or EN 12524e

Durability

4.2.10

4.2.13

-

EN 12371

WI 00246094

a In particular those dangerous substances defined in Directive 76/69/EC as amended. b No test required, see Decision 96/603/EC, as amended. c Only for the following cases: — natural stones containing asphalt greater than 1 by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous; — whenever processing of natural stones involves the use of organic patching, fillers or other similar products at greater than 1 % by mass or volume, whichever is the more onerous. d EN 1936 is used in order to give the apparent density as reference for calculation of acoustic behaviour. e EN 1936 is used in order to give the apparent density as reference for calculation of thermal behaviour. Alternatively the data may be taken from EN 12524.

The requirement on a certain characteristic is not applicable in those Member States (MSs) where there are no regulatory requirements on that characteristic for the intended use of the product. In this case, manufacturers placing their products on the market of these MSs are not obliged to determine nor declare the performance of their products with regard to this characteristic and the option “No performance determined” (NPD) in the information accompanying the CE marking (see ZA.3) may be used. The NPD option may not be used, however, for durability and where the characteristic is subject to a threshold level.

ZA.2 Procedure for attestation of conformity of natural stone slabs for cladding

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ZA.2.1 System(s) of attestation of conformity The systems of attestation of conformity of natural stone slabs for cladding indicated in Tables ZA.1.1 to ZA.1.2, established by EC Decision 94/611/EC [O.J. L 241 of September 1994] as given in Annex III of the mandate for Internal and external wall and ceiling finishes, is shown in Table ZA.2 for the indicated intended uses and relevant levels or classes.

Table ZA.2 — System(s) of attestation of conformity

Product(s) Intended use(s) Level(s) or class(es)

Attestation of conformity system(s)

As internal or external finishes in walls or ceilings subject to reaction to fire regulations

A1**, A2**, B**, C**, D and E

A1*** and F

3

4

As internal or external finishes in walls or ceilings subject to

regulations on dangerous substances, and in internal or external suspended ceilings

subject to safety in use (flexural tensile strength) requirements

-

3 Natural stone slabs for wall and ceiling cladding

As internal or external finishes in walls or ceilings for other

uses

-

4

** Products/materials for which there is no clearly identifiable stage in the production process which results in an improvement of the reaction to fire classification (e.g. no addition of fire retardants nor a limiting, during the production process, of organic material)

*** Products/materials that do not require to be tested for reaction to fire (e.g. products/materials of Class A1 according to Commission Decision 96/603/EC, as amended)

System 3: See Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) Annex III.2.(ii), Second possibility. System 4: See Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) Annex III.2.(ii), Third possibility.

For products falling under attestation system 3, for initial type testing, the tasks of the notified test laboratory are limited to reaction to fire, flexural tensile strength and dangerous substances (where relevant).

Natural stone slabs for cladding are considered as reaction to fire Class A1, without testing, according to Decision 96/603/EC, as amended, therefore system 4 applies (provided that flexural tensile strength is not relevant and that there are no dangerous substances requirements). Only for reaction to fire for natural stone containing asphalt or processed with addition of organic patching, fillers or other similar products will system 3 be adopted, the task for the notified body being limited to test reaction to fire.

The evaluation of conformity of the slabs for cladding covered by this European Standard in respect of the relevant characteristics listed in Tables ZA.1.1 and ZA.1.2 shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 6.

ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of conformity When compliance with the conditions of this annex is achieved, the manufacturer or his agent established in the EEA shall draw up and retain the EC Declaration of conformity, which entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking. This EC declaration of conformity shall include:

- name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA, and place of production,

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NOTE 1 The manufacturer may also be the person responsible for placing the product onto the EEA market, if he takes responsibility for CE marking.

- description of the product (type, identification, use,...), and a copy of the information accompanying the CE marking,

NOTE 2 Where some of the information required for the Declaration is already given in the CE marking information, it does not need to be repeated.

- provisions to which the product conforms (i.e. Annex ZA of this EN), and a reference to the ITT report(s) and factory production control records (if appropriate),

- particular conditions applicable to the use of the product, (e.g. provisions for use under certain conditions),

- name and address of the notified laboratory(ies), where relevant,

- name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of the manufacturer or his authorised representative.

ZA.3 CE marking and labelling The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA is responsible for the affixing of the CE marking. The CE marking symbol to affix shall be in accordance with Directive 93/68/EC and shall be shown on the packaging or on the accompanying commercial documents.

The following information shall accompany the CE marking symbol:

a) name or identifying mark of the manufacturer or the importer (see Note 1 in ZA.2.2);

b) the last two digits of the year in which the marking is affixed;

c) number of the EC Certificate of conformity or factory production control certificate (if relevant);

d) reference to this European Standard;

e) description of the product.

The “No performance determined” (NPD) option may not be used for durability and where the characteristic is subject to a threshold level. Otherwise, the NPD option may be used when and where the characteristic, for a given intended use, is not subject to regulatory requirements in the Member State of destination.

Figure ZA.1 gives an example of the information related to products subject to attestation of conformity system 3, to be given on the packaging or commercial documents.

CE marking, consisting of the “CE”-symbol given in Directive 93/68/EEC.

AnyCo Ltd, PO Box 21, B-1050

11

Name or identifying mark and registered address of the producer

Last two digits of the year in which the

marking was affixed

EN 1469

Natural stone slabs for cladding, intended to be used in internal wall and ceiling finishes Reaction to fire: Class A1 Flexural tensile strength: 3,5 MPa (lower expected value) Resistance to fixing: 455 N (lower expected value, residual thickness 10 mm)

No. of European Standard Description of product

Information on Essential Characteristics

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Water vapour permeability: NPD Direct airborne sound insulation: NPD Thermal resistance: Units

Figure ZA.1 — Example CE marking information on the packaging or commercial documents.

In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the product should also be accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, by documentation listing any other legislation on dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed, together with any information required by that legislation.

NOTE 1 European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned.

NOTE 2 Affixing the CE marking symbol means, if a product is subject to more than one directive, that it complies with all applicable directives.

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Bibliography

EN 998-1, Specification for mortar for masonry — Part 1: Rendering and plastering mortar

EN 12004, Adhesives for tiles — Definitions and specifications

[1] Commission Decision 96/603/EC as amended for the list of products belonging to Classes A "No contribution to fire"

[2] ASTM D 5873, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rock Hardness by Rebound Hammer Method