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Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm ABCA1 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A ... 3321 IGSF3 _ immunoglobulin superfamily, member 3 0.41288107 5275 SERPINB13 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor,

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Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1 Tumor formation in immunodeficient mice Cell source Tumors/Injection (> 390 mm3) Epidermis 10/10 Oropharynx 5/5 Cervix 8/8 Esophagus 4/4 SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 2 Panel of inhibitors used for drug screening experiments Target Drug Working conc. Effect on Invasion Akt Akt inhibitor X 2 -5uM none JNK SP600125 10-20 uM partial block P38 SB203580 0.1-20 uM none PI3K LY294002 20-100 uM none EGFR AG1517 0.1-1 uM none EGFR PD168393 0.1-2um none ERK1,2 U0126 5-10 uM complete block RKIP locostatin 10-50 uM none Raf-1 Raf 1 Inhibitor 1 uM none ROCK ROCK Inhibitor 1 uM none calcineurin cyclosporinA 1-2 uM none MMP1,2,3,8,9 GM6001 15 uM partial block MMP2,9 MMP2,9 Inhib 3 uM none MMP3 MMP3 Inhib 10 uM none MMP8 MMP8 Inhib 10 uM none MMP9 MMP9 Inhib 1 uM none mTOR rapamycin 20 nM none Rac1 Rac1 inhibitor 20-50 uM none myosin LCK ML-7 20uM none HER2 AG825 100 nm none All inhibitors were obtained from Calbiochem/EMB Chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ, USA)

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Supplemental Table 3: Differentially expressed epidermal keratinocyte genesEntrez Gene ID fold change Epidermal Keratinocyte U0126 Reverted GenesEntrez Gene ID

19 ABCA1 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 2.47572316 19 ABCA1 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 127 ABL2 _ v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (arg, Abelson-related gene) 2.64339879 27 ABL2 _ v-abl Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (arg, Abelson-related gene)

217 ALDH2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial) 0.30908206 217 ALDH2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family (mitochondrial)222 ALDH3B2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2 0.26545238 222 ALDH3B2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member B2242 ALOX12B _ arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type 0.04066858 242 ALOX12B _ arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type290 ANPEP _ alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase 2.31205255 290 ANPEP _ alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase309 ANXA6 _ annexin A6 2.47187187 309 ANXA6 _ annexin A6338 APOB _ apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) 0.49759519 338 APOB _ apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen)360 AQP3 _ aquaporin 3 (Gill blood group) 0.36629743 388 RHOB _ ras homolog gene family, member B366 AQP9 _ aquaporin 9 0.32390445 389 RHOC _ ras homolog gene family, member C374 AREG _ amphiregulin 2.15838616 444 ASPH _ aspartate beta-hydroxylase383 ARG1 _ arginase, liver 0.01875388 467 ATF3 _ activating transcription factor 3388 RHOB _ ras homolog gene family, member B 2.02260188 558 AXL _ AXL receptor tyrosine kinase389 RHOC _ ras homolog gene family, member C 2.02923947 595 CCND1 _ cyclin D1444 ASPH _ aspartate beta-hydroxylase 2.20757507 623 BDKRB1 _ bradykinin receptor B1467 ATF3 _ activating transcription factor 3 2.57875777 624 BDKRB2 _ bradykinin receptor B2538 ATP7A _ ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide 0.41202749 654 BMP6 _ bone morphogenetic protein 6558 AXL _ AXL receptor tyrosine kinase 2.69178373 710 SERPING1 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1563 AZGP1 _ alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding 0.13339486 760 CA2 _ carbonic anhydrase II595 CCND1 _ cyclin D1 2.0586342 771 CA12 _ carbonic anhydrase XII623 BDKRB1 _ bradykinin receptor B1 0.46249922 793 CALB1 _ calbindin 1, 28kDa624 BDKRB2 _ bradykinin receptor B2 0.43676676 810 CALML3 _ calmodulin-like 3642 BLMH _ bleomycin hydrolase 0.21040157 868 CBLB _ Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral transforming sequence b654 BMP6 _ bone morphogenetic protein 6 3.03402314 948 CD36 _ CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor)710 SERPING1 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1 2.82608332 1041 CDSN _ corneodesmosin760 CA2 _ carbonic anhydrase II 0.16794244 1048 CEACAM5 _ carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5771 CA12 _ carbonic anhydrase XII 0.18489781 1102 RCBTB2 _ regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 2793 CALB1 _ calbindin 1, 28kDa 4.68143232 1140 CHRNB1 _ cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 1 (muscle)794 CALB2 _ calbindin 2 0.33097842 1182 CLCN3 _ chloride channel 3810 CALML3 _ calmodulin-like 3 0.09206654 1382 CRABP2 _ cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2868 CBLB _ Cas-Br-M (murine) ecotropic retroviral transforming sequence b 2.08346435 1462 VCAN _ versican948 CD36 _ CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor) 0.08069091 1490 CTGF _ connective tissue growth factor

1019 CDK4 _ cyclin-dependent kinase 4 9.1693804 1512 CTSH _ cathepsin H1028 CDKN1C _ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2) 2.21594949 1528 CYB5A _ cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal)1041 CDSN _ corneodesmosin 0.27366114 1577 CYP3A5 _ cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 51048 CEACAM5 _ carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 0.18924921 1580 CYP4B1 _ cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 11050 CEBPA _ CCAAT 0.47526971 1601 DAB2 _ disabled homolog 2, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein (Drosophila)1102 RCBTB2 _ regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 2 0.46118182 1611 DAP _ death-associated protein1140 CHRNB1 _ cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 1 (muscle) 2.5277009 1645 AKR1C1 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1; 20-alpha (3-alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)1182 CLCN3 _ chloride channel 3 0.48166016 1646 AKR1C2 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C2 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; bile acid binding protein; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type III)1241 LTB4R _ leukotriene B4 receptor 0.49943714 1672 DEFB1 _ defensin, beta 11346 COX7A1 _ cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa polypeptide 1 (muscle) 2.41120644 1718 DHCR24 _ 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase1368 CPM _ carboxypeptidase M 0.26112197 1739 DLG1 _ discs, large homolog 1 (Drosophila)1382 CRABP2 _ cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 0.18200389 1749 DLX5 _ distal-less homeobox 51437 CSF2 _ colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) 2.16318177 1846 DUSP4 _ dual specificity phosphatase 41439 CSF2RB _ colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage) 0.29882761 1890 TYMP _ thymidine phosphorylase1462 VCAN _ versican 2.48642859 1946 EFNA5 _ ephrin-A51490 CTGF _ connective tissue growth factor 5.45515017 2001 ELF5 _ E74-like factor 5 (ets domain transcription factor)1512 CTSH _ cathepsin H 0.27532985 2012 EMP1 _ epithelial membrane protein 11528 CYB5A _ cytochrome b5 type A (microsomal) 0.35297184 2014 EMP3 _ epithelial membrane protein 31577 CYP3A5 _ cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5 0.38439194 2051 EPHB6 _ EPH receptor B61580 CYP4B1 _ cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 0.30079879 2059 EPS8 _ epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 81601 DAB2 _ disabled homolog 2, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein (Drosophila) 2.95931342 2064 ERBB2 _ v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro1611 DAP _ death-associated protein 2.10198704 2069 EREG _ epiregulin1645 AKR1C1 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C1 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1; 20-alpha (3-alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase)0.41479632 2125 EVPL _ envoplakin1646 AKR1C2 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C2 (dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 2; bile acid binding protein; 3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type III)0.30875299 2171 FABP5 _ fatty acid binding protein 5 (psoriasis-associated) 1672 DEFB1 _ defensin, beta 1 0.13999709 2196 FAT2 _ FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2 (Drosophila)1717 DHCR7 _ 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase 0.45893524 2312 FLG _ filaggrin1718 DHCR24 _ 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase 0.26447858 2335 FN1 _ fibronectin 11734 DIO2 _ deiodinase, iodothyronine, type II 0.32936576 2568 GABRP _ gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, pi1739 DLG1 _ discs, large homolog 1 (Drosophila) 2.02725139 2634 GBP2 _ guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible1749 DLX5 _ distal-less homeobox 5 0.28888078 2669 GEM _ GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle1823 DSC1 _ desmocollin 1 0.08418275 2745 GLRX _ glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)1828 DSG1 _ desmoglein 1 0.09659308 2919 CXCL1 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha)1846 DUSP4 _ dual specificity phosphatase 4 2.4104667 2921 CXCL3 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 31847 DUSP5 _ dual specificity phosphatase 5 4.51964669 3037 HAS2 _ hyaluronan synthase 21890 TYMP _ thymidine phosphorylase 0.47579104 3149 HMGB3 _ high-mobility group box 31946 EFNA5 _ ephrin-A5 0.42480483 3290 HSD11B1 _ hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 11952 CELSR2 _ cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2 (flamingo homolog, Drosophila) 0.42997509 3306 HSPA2 _ heat shock 70kDa protein 21959 EGR2 _ early growth response 2 (Krox-20 homolog, Drosophila) 0.35252503 3321 IGSF3 _ immunoglobulin superfamily, member 32001 ELF5 _ E74-like factor 5 (ets domain transcription factor) 0.16755199 3485 IGFBP2 _ insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, 36kDa2012 EMP1 _ epithelial membrane protein 1 2.09236929 3491 CYR61 _ cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 612014 EMP3 _ epithelial membrane protein 3 2.25578763 3598 IL13RA2 _ interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 22026 ENO2 _ enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) 2.0628945 3624 INHBA _ inhibin, beta A2043 EPHA4 _ EPH receptor A4 0.21877591 3627 CXCL10 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 102051 EPHB6 _ EPH receptor B6 0.30904082 3669 ISG20 _ interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa2059 EPS8 _ epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 5.39001855 3673 ITGA2 _ integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor)2064 ERBB2 _ v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro 0.44134903 3678 ITGA5 _ integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide)2069 EREG _ epiregulin 0.32549153 3783 KCNN4 _ potassium intermediate2110 ETFDH _ electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase 0.4113854 3851 KRT4 _ keratin 42125 EVPL _ envoplakin 0.34243238 3855 KRT7 _ keratin 72171 FABP5 _ fatty acid binding protein 5 (psoriasis-associated) 0.23865248 3856 KRT8 _ keratin 82196 FAT2 _ FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2 (Drosophila) 0.46467413 3860 KRT13 _ keratin 132261 FGFR3 _ fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 0.19901067 3875 KRT18 _ keratin 182312 FLG _ filaggrin 0.05169124 3884 KRT33B _ keratin 33B2335 FN1 _ fibronectin 1 4.56380611 3885 KRT34 _ keratin 342352 FOLR3 _ folate receptor 3 (gamma) 3.56325122 3909 LAMA3 _ laminin, alpha 32512 FTL _ ferritin, light polypeptide 2.23211677 3914 LAMB3 _ laminin, beta 32568 GABRP _ gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, pi 4.69157881 3918 LAMC2 _ laminin, gamma 22634 GBP2 _ guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible 0.47837543 3936 LCP1 _ lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin)2669 GEM _ GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle 3.27725862 3983 ABLIM1 _ actin binding LIM protein 12697 GJA1 _ gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa 0.31814959 4072 EPCAM _ epithelial cell adhesion molecule2745 GLRX _ glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) 2.013946 4131 MAP1B _ microtubule-associated protein 1B2919 CXCL1 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha) 3.54402637 4246 SCGB2A1 _ secretoglobin, family 2A, member 12920 CXCL2 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 3.0772851 4277 MICB _ MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B2921 CXCL3 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 3.41428855 4324 MMP15 _ matrix metallopeptidase 15 (membrane-inserted)2941 GSTA4 _ glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 0.19291095 4613 MYCN _ v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian)3034 HAL _ histidine ammonia-lyase 0.0171896 4616 GADD45B _ growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta3037 HAS2 _ hyaluronan synthase 2 2.07744351 4690 NCK1 _ NCK adaptor protein 13149 HMGB3 _ high-mobility group box 3 2.29728664 4907 NT5E _ 5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73)3248 HPGD _ hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) 0.21382834 5029 P2RY2 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 23265 HRAS _ v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 11.5024627 5046 PCSK6 _ proprotein convertase subtilisin3290 HSD11B1 _ hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 2.5254777 5101 PCDH9 _ protocadherin 93294 HSD17B2 _ hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 2 2.90293672 5128 PCTK2 _ PCTAIRE protein kinase 23306 HSPA2 _ heat shock 70kDa protein 2 0.21027345 5270 SERPINE2 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 23321 IGSF3 _ immunoglobulin superfamily, member 3 0.41288107 5275 SERPINB13 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 133398 ID2 _ inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein 0.49380899 5287 PIK3C2B _ phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, beta polypeptide3399 ID3 _ inhibitor of DNA binding 3, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein 0.44131385 5293 PIK3CD _ phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, delta polypeptide3416 IDE _ insulin-degrading enzyme 0.2792129 5318 PKP2 _ plakophilin 23485 IGFBP2 _ insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, 36kDa 0.4797713 5321 PLA2G4A _ phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)3490 IGFBP7 _ insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 2.0139809 5328 PLAU _ plasminogen activator, urokinase3491 CYR61 _ cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61 3.26837835 5329 PLAUR _ plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor3570 IL6R _ interleukin 6 receptor 2.61394027 5359 PLSCR1 _ phospholipid scramblase 13579 IL8RB _ interleukin 8 receptor, beta 0.42876867 5366 PMAIP1 _ phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 13598 IL13RA2 _ interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 2 5.27165365 5473 PPBP _ pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7)3613 IMPA2 _ inositol(myo)-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 2 0.21266111 5533 PPP3CC _ protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, gamma isoform3624 INHBA _ inhibin, beta A 3.18258711 5670 PSG2 _ pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 23627 CXCL10 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 0.36873919 5673 PSG5 _ pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 53669 ISG20 _ interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa 3.67705307 5743 PTGS2 _ prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G3673 ITGA2 _ integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor) 3.27737058 5744 PTHLH _ parathyroid hormone-like hormone3678 ITGA5 _ integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide) 2.58713686 5829 PXN _ paxillin3709 ITPR2 _ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 2 0.47086977 5834 PYGB _ phosphorylase, glycogen; brain3783 KCNN4 _ potassium intermediate 2.93182342 5865 RAB3B _ RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family3848 KRT1 _ keratin 1 0.0092764 5898 RALA _ v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)3849 KRT2 _ keratin 2 0.15194309 5920 RARRES3 _ retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 33851 KRT4 _ keratin 4 0.19321279 5921 RASA1 _ RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 13855 KRT7 _ keratin 7 6.05632919 6095 RORA _ RAR-related orphan receptor A3856 KRT8 _ keratin 8 4.71944963 6283 S100A12 _ S100 calcium binding protein A123857 KRT9 _ keratin 9 0.46166487 6309 SC5DL _ sterol-C5-desaturase (ERG3 delta-5-desaturase homolog, S. cerevisiae)-like3858 KRT10 _ keratin 10 0.08696026 6317 SERPINB3 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 33860 KRT13 _ keratin 13 0.11731685 6318 SERPINB4 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 43875 KRT18 _ keratin 18 2.31663971 6338 SCNN1B _ sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1, beta3884 KRT33B _ keratin 33B 2.17475654 6374 CXCL5 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 53885 KRT34 _ keratin 34 4.23195995 6447 SCG5 _ secretogranin V (7B2 protein)3897 L1CAM _ L1 cell adhesion molecule 2.36067592 6480 ST6GAL1 _ ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 13909 LAMA3 _ laminin, alpha 3 2.01007193 6513 SLC2A1 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 13914 LAMB3 _ laminin, beta 3 2.09810063 6564 SLC15A1 _ solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 13918 LAMC2 _ laminin, gamma 2 2.58914363 6574 SLC20A1 _ solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 13936 LCP1 _ lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (L-plastin) 3.96195457 6611 SMS _ spermine synthase3963 LGALS7 _ lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 7 0.34643174 6646 SOAT1 _ sterol O-acyltransferase 13983 ABLIM1 _ actin binding LIM protein 1 0.17628419 6659 SOX4 _ SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 44014 LOR _ loricrin 0.00623016 6675 UAP1 _ UDP-N-acteylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 14072 EPCAM _ epithelial cell adhesion molecule 4.56877355 6690 SPINK1 _ serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 14094 MAF _ v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (avian) 0.37142685 6696 SPP1 _ secreted phosphoprotein 14131 MAP1B _ microtubule-associated protein 1B 3.82545688 6707 SPRR3 _ small proline-rich protein 34246 SCGB2A1 _ secretoglobin, family 2A, member 1 2.67864311 6713 SQLE _ squalene epoxidase4277 MICB _ MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B 2.53055139 6747 SSR3 _ signal sequence receptor, gamma (translocon-associated protein gamma)4324 MMP15 _ matrix metallopeptidase 15 (membrane-inserted) 2.21246733 6804 STX1A _ syntaxin 1A (brain)4613 MYCN _ v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian) 2.81919897 6867 TACC1 _ transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 14616 GADD45B _ growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta 2.04806642 6926 TBX3 _ T-box 34690 NCK1 _ NCK adaptor protein 1 0.47123301 6947 TCN1 _ transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)4753 NELL2 _ NEL-like 2 (chicken) 0.35073967 7048 TGFBR2 _ transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (704907 NT5E _ 5'-nucleotidase, ecto (CD73) 3.0741247 7051 TGM1 _ transglutaminase 1 (K polypeptide epidermal type I, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)5029 P2RY2 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2 0.45057798 7056 THBD _ thrombomodulin5046 PCSK6 _ proprotein convertase subtilisin 0.17839227 7057 THBS1 _ thrombospondin 15101 PCDH9 _ protocadherin 9 4.90682617 7062 TCHH _ trichohyalin5128 PCTK2 _ PCTAIRE protein kinase 2 2.27178964 7074 TIAM1 _ T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 15270 SERPINE2 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 2 2.483378 7096 TLR1 _ toll-like receptor 15275 SERPINB13 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 13 0.19984453 7108 TM7SF2 _ transmembrane 7 superfamily member 25287 PIK3C2B _ phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, beta polypeptide 0.48289967 7127 TNFAIP2 _ tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 25293 PIK3CD _ phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, delta polypeptide 2.09851549 7169 TPM2 _ tropomyosin 2 (beta)5318 PKP2 _ plakophilin 2 2.59842531 7280 TUBB2A _ tubulin, beta 2A5321 PLA2G4A _ phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) 0.46961955 7296 TXNRD1 _ thioredoxin reductase 15327 PLAT _ plasminogen activator, tissue 2.62093486 7431 VIM _ vimentin5328 PLAU _ plasminogen activator, urokinase 2.34733703 7476 WNT7A _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A5329 PLAUR _ plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor 2.99078665 7832 BTG2 _ BTG family, member 25359 PLSCR1 _ phospholipid scramblase 1 2.01098177 7941 PLA2G7 _ phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma)5366 PMAIP1 _ phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 2.20537654 8091 HMGA2 _ high mobility group AT-hook 25473 PPBP _ pro-platelet basic protein (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7) 9.51419619 8406 SRPX _ sushi-repeat-containing protein, X-linked5533 PPP3CC _ protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, gamma isoform 2.12029132 8412 BCAR3 _ breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 35547 PRCP _ prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C) 0.41746088 8416 ANXA9 _ annexin A95653 KLK6 _ kallikrein-related peptidase 6 0.45582322 8437 RASAL1 _ RAS protein activator like 1 (GAP1 like)5670 PSG2 _ pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 2 2.04883492 8495 PPFIBP2 _ PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 2 (liprin beta 2)5673 PSG5 _ pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 5 2.08300516 8522 GAS7 _ growth arrest-specific 75733 PTGER3 _ prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) 0.18178397 8544 PIR _ pirin (iron-binding nuclear protein)5742 PTGS1 _ prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G 0.47396816 8577 TMEFF1 _ transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 15743 PTGS2 _ prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G 6.53943418 8581 LY6D _ lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus D5744 PTHLH _ parathyroid hormone-like hormone 3.06285061 8644 AKR1C3 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type II)5803 PTPRZ1 _ protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, Z polypeptide 1 0.47912467 8728 ADAM19 _ ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta)5829 PXN _ paxillin 2.05706517 8743 TNFSF10 _ tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

5834 PYGB _ phosphorylase, glycogen; brain 2.58161356 8804 CREG1 _ cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 15865 RAB3B _ RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family 3.5552167 8836 GGH _ gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase)5898 RALA _ v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related) 2.49676591 8877 SPHK1 _ sphingosine kinase 15918 RARRES1 _ retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 1 0.45025057 9022 CLIC3 _ chloride intracellular channel 35920 RARRES3 _ retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3 2.33792231 9052 GPRC5A _ G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A5921 RASA1 _ RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1 2.05547952 9173 IL1RL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor-like 16095 RORA _ RAR-related orphan receptor A 0.37819443 9181 ARHGEF2 _ rho6278 S100A7 _ S100 calcium binding protein A7 0.45078057 9314 KLF4 _ Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)6283 S100A12 _ S100 calcium binding protein A12 0.09693898 9333 TGM5 _ transglutaminase 56309 SC5DL _ sterol-C5-desaturase (ERG3 delta-5-desaturase homolog, S. cerevisiae)-like 0.45373078 9368 SLC9A3R1 _ solute carrier family 9 (sodium6317 SERPINB3 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 3 0.17739349 9404 LPXN _ leupaxin6318 SERPINB4 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 4 0.08643075 9411 ARHGAP29 _ Rho GTPase activating protein 296338 SCNN1B _ sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1, beta 0.23707676 9435 CHST2 _ carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 26374 CXCL5 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 3.08985149 9446 GSTO1 _ glutathione S-transferase omega 16447 SCG5 _ secretogranin V (7B2 protein) 4.52741208 9455 HOMER2 _ homer homolog 2 (Drosophila)6480 ST6GAL1 _ ST6 beta-galactosamide alpha-2,6-sialyltranferase 1 2.05140892 9510 ADAMTS1 _ ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 16513 SLC2A1 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 0.43539976 9619 ABCG1 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 16564 SLC15A1 _ solute carrier family 15 (oligopeptide transporter), member 1 0.20954094 9635 CLCA2 _ chloride channel regulator 26574 SLC20A1 _ solute carrier family 20 (phosphate transporter), member 1 2.45976118 9659 PDE4DIP _ phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein6611 SMS _ spermine synthase 2.52097937 9674 KIAA0040 _ KIAA00406646 SOAT1 _ sterol O-acyltransferase 1 2.4576262 9732 DOCK4 _ dedicator of cytokinesis 46659 SOX4 _ SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4 2.01382386 9734 HDAC9 _ histone deacetylase 96675 UAP1 _ UDP-N-acteylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 1 2.5823724 9764 KIAA0513 _ KIAA05136690 SPINK1 _ serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 2.00621481 9829 DNAJC6 _ DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 66696 SPP1 _ secreted phosphoprotein 1 31.152416 9859 CEP170 _ centrosomal protein 170kDa6707 SPRR3 _ small proline-rich protein 3 0.25437711 9903 KLHL21 _ kelch-like 21 (Drosophila)6713 SQLE _ squalene epoxidase 0.37236129 9929 JOSD1 _ Josephin domain containing 16747 SSR3 _ signal sequence receptor, gamma (translocon-associated protein gamma) 2.07156803 9956 HS3ST2 _ heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 26804 STX1A _ syntaxin 1A (brain) 2.09775603 10103 TSPAN1 _ tetraspanin 16850 SYK _ spleen tyrosine kinase 0.42851954 10129 FRY _ furry homolog (Drosophila)6867 TACC1 _ transforming, acidic coiled-coil containing protein 1 2.54439913 10158 PDZK1IP1 _ PDZK1 interacting protein 16876 TAGLN _ transgelin 3.85004494 10205 MPZL2 _ myelin protein zero-like 26926 TBX3 _ T-box 3 2.35899261 10221 TRIB1 _ tribbles homolog 1 (Drosophila)6947 TCN1 _ transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family) 0.13620456 10232 MSLN _ mesothelin7048 TGFBR2 _ transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70 2.11487131 10253 SPRY2 _ sprouty homolog 2 (Drosophila)7051 TGM1 _ transglutaminase 1 (K polypeptide epidermal type I, protein-glutamine-gamma-glutamyltransferase)0.26791052 10272 FSTL3 _ follistatin-like 3 (secreted glycoprotein)7056 THBD _ thrombomodulin 0.31894952 10391 CORO2B _ coronin, actin binding protein, 2B7057 THBS1 _ thrombospondin 1 2.06818107 10395 DLC1 _ deleted in liver cancer 17062 TCHH _ trichohyalin 0.1294617 10507 SEMA4D _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D7074 TIAM1 _ T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 0.49121023 10529 NEBL _ nebulette7096 TLR1 _ toll-like receptor 1 4.31506622 10530 RIG _ regulated in glioma7108 TM7SF2 _ transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2 0.27664344 10620 ARID3B _ AT rich interactive domain 3B (BRIGHT-like)7127 TNFAIP2 _ tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 2 0.4743229 10631 POSTN _ periostin, osteoblast specific factor7169 TPM2 _ tropomyosin 2 (beta) 2.16377642 10656 KHDRBS3 _ KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 37280 TUBB2A _ tubulin, beta 2A 0.30732127 10855 HPSE _ heparanase7296 TXNRD1 _ thioredoxin reductase 1 2.14219621 10874 NMU _ neuromedin U7306 TYRP1 _ tyrosinase-related protein 1 0.43348291 10900 RUNDC3A _ RUN domain containing 3A7431 VIM _ vimentin 2.23662304 10924 SMPDL3A _ sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3A7447 VSNL1 _ visinin-like 1 0.23599039 10979 FERMT2 _ fermitin family homolog 2 (Drosophila)7474 WNT5A _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A 0.36171805 11005 SPINK5 _ serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 57476 WNT7A _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7A 2.45581224 11045 UPK1A _ uroplakin 1A7718 ZNF165 _ zinc finger protein 165 2.69294983 11082 ESM1 _ endothelial cell-specific molecule 17832 BTG2 _ BTG family, member 2 0.3673399 11141 IL1RAPL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 17915 ALDH5A1 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 0.35442381 11145 PLA2G16 _ phospholipase A2, group XVI7941 PLA2G7 _ phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) 2.1239956 11217 AKAP2 _ A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 2 8061 FOSL1 _ FOS-like antigen 1 2.42974336 22795 NID2 _ nidogen 2 (osteonidogen)8091 HMGA2 _ high mobility group AT-hook 2 2.47219311 22802 CLCA4 _ chloride channel regulator 48334 HIST1H2AC _ histone cluster 1, H2ac 0.45380762 22824 HSPA4L _ heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like8406 SRPX _ sushi-repeat-containing protein, X-linked 2.55907601 22941 SHANK2 _ SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 28412 BCAR3 _ breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 3.27182226 22943 DKK1 _ dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis)8416 ANXA9 _ annexin A9 0.10453533 22996 TTC39A _ tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39A8424 BBOX1 _ butyrobetaine (gamma), 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase (gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase) 1 0.07637872 23034 SAMD4A _ sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A8437 RASAL1 _ RAS protein activator like 1 (GAP1 like) 0.47151117 23086 EXPH5 _ exophilin 58495 PPFIBP2 _ PTPRF interacting protein, binding protein 2 (liprin beta 2) 0.31315168 23120 ATP10B _ ATPase, class V, type 10B8522 GAS7 _ growth arrest-specific 7 0.43203647 23136 EPB41L3 _ erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 38544 PIR _ pirin (iron-binding nuclear protein) 0.31835243 23231 KIAA0746 _ KIAA0746 protein 8577 TMEFF1 _ transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 2.31962556 23266 LPHN2 _ latrophilin 28581 LY6D _ lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus D 0.3163361 23327 NEDD4L _ neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-like8644 AKR1C3 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 (3-alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, type II) 0.24048386 23576 DDAH1 _ dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 18728 ADAM19 _ ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 3.89265841 23643 LY96 _ lymphocyte antigen 968743 TNFSF10 _ tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 0.1860323 23650 TRIM29 _ tripartite motif-containing 298804 CREG1 _ cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 0.20173792 23682 RAB38 _ RAB38, member RAS oncogene family8836 GGH _ gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (conjugase, folylpolygammaglutamyl hydrolase) 0.25658912 25825 BACE2 _ beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 28877 SPHK1 _ sphingosine kinase 1 4.73750823 25833 POU2F3 _ POU class 2 homeobox 38878 SQSTM1 _ sequestosome 1 2.40141959 25984 KRT23 _ keratin 23 (histone deacetylase inducible)9022 CLIC3 _ chloride intracellular channel 3 0.26366206 26064 RAI14 _ retinoic acid induced 149052 GPRC5A _ G protein-coupled receptor, family C, group 5, member A 2.30053555 26225 ARL5A _ ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A9118 INA _ internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein, alpha 0.49404554 26353 HSPB8 _ heat shock 22kDa protein 89173 IL1RL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 10.9768391 26355 FAM162A _ family with sequence similarity 162, member A9181 ARHGEF2 _ rho 2.04207733 26471 NUPR1 _ nuclear protein 19314 KLF4 _ Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) 0.25639233 26525 IL1F5 _ interleukin 1 family, member 5 (delta)9315 C5orf13 _ chromosome 5 open reading frame 13 0.36054388 27034 ACAD8 _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 89333 TGM5 _ transglutaminase 5 0.27886843 27076 LYPD3 _ LY69368 SLC9A3R1 _ solute carrier family 9 (sodium 0.39528328 27122 DKK3 _ dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis)9404 LPXN _ leupaxin 2.08567404 28962 OSTM1 _ osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 19411 ARHGAP29 _ Rho GTPase activating protein 29 2.59628386 28965 SLC27A6 _ solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 69435 CHST2 _ carbohydrate (N-acetylglucosamine-6-O) sulfotransferase 2 3.76033664 29094 HSPC159 _ galectin-related protein9446 GSTO1 _ glutathione S-transferase omega 1 2.21816894 29114 TAGLN3 _ transgelin 39455 HOMER2 _ homer homolog 2 (Drosophila) 0.47249764 29760 BLNK _ B-cell linker9510 ADAMTS1 _ ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1 5.15439223 29887 SNX10 _ sorting nexin 109547 CXCL14 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 0.02122153 49860 CRNN _ cornulin9590 AKAP12 _ A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 12 6.36871616 50486 G0S2 _ G09619 ABCG1 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 1 0.32929728 50487 PLA2G3 _ phospholipase A2, group III9635 CLCA2 _ chloride channel regulator 2 0.41113241 50863 HNT _ neurotrimin9659 PDE4DIP _ phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein 2.30437418 51083 GAL _ galanin prepropeptide9674 KIAA0040 _ KIAA0040 2.17452456 51177 PLEKHO1 _ pleckstrin homology domain containing, family O member 19732 DOCK4 _ dedicator of cytokinesis 4 2.65770896 51195 RAPGEFL1 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-like 19734 HDAC9 _ histone deacetylase 9 3.26485951 51228 GLTP _ glycolipid transfer protein9759 HDAC4 _ histone deacetylase 4 0.46682494 51330 TNFRSF12A _ tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A9764 KIAA0513 _ KIAA0513 0.29412829 51361 HOOK1 _ hook homolog 1 (Drosophila)9829 DNAJC6 _ DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily C, member 6 5.11562017 51454 GULP1 _ GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 19848 MFAP3L _ microfibrillar-associated protein 3-like 0.42220044 51559 NT5DC3 _ 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 39859 CEP170 _ centrosomal protein 170kDa 2.27176326 51806 CALML5 _ calmodulin-like 59903 KLHL21 _ kelch-like 21 (Drosophila) 2.19754954 53827 FXYD5 _ FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 59914 ATP2C2 _ ATPase, Ca++ transporting, type 2C, member 2 0.4232993 53832 IL20RA _ interleukin 20 receptor, alpha9929 JOSD1 _ Josephin domain containing 1 2.02854439 53905 DUOX1 _ dual oxidase 19935 MAFB _ v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (avian) 0.34537801 54575 UGT1A1 _ UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 9956 HS3ST2 _ heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 5.81044074 54682 MANSC1 _ MANSC domain containing 19957 HS3ST1 _ heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 1 2.00807409 54704 PPM2C _ protein phosphatase 2C, magnesium-dependent, catalytic subunit9982 FGFBP1 _ fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 0.35783696 54836 BSPRY _ B-box and SPRY domain containing

10103 TSPAN1 _ tetraspanin 1 3.40313764 55076 TMEM45A _ transmembrane protein 45A10124 ARL4A _ ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4A 0.49216943 55107 ANO1 _ anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel10129 FRY _ furry homolog (Drosophila) 0.31027683 55196 C12orf35 _ chromosome 12 open reading frame 3510158 PDZK1IP1 _ PDZK1 interacting protein 1 0.12135771 55201 MAP1S _ microtubule-associated protein 1S10161 P2RY5 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 5 0.33182371 55213 RCBTB1 _ regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 110205 MPZL2 _ myelin protein zero-like 2 0.45054715 55222 LRRC20 _ leucine rich repeat containing 2010221 TRIB1 _ tribbles homolog 1 (Drosophila) 2.04991532 55286 C4orf19 _ chromosome 4 open reading frame 1910232 MSLN _ mesothelin 2.38675507 55312 RFK _ riboflavin kinase10253 SPRY2 _ sprouty homolog 2 (Drosophila) 3.70167623 55323 LARP6 _ La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 610272 FSTL3 _ follistatin-like 3 (secreted glycoprotein) 3.21188956 55357 TBC1D2 _ TBC1 domain family, member 210321 CRISP3 _ cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 0.27271838 55450 CAMK2N1 _ calcium10391 CORO2B _ coronin, actin binding protein, 2B 5.13056083 55616 ASAP3 _ ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 310395 DLC1 _ deleted in liver cancer 1 2.76115449 55653 BCAS4 _ breast carcinoma amplified sequence 410507 SEMA4D _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), transmembrane domain (TM) and short cytoplasmic domain, (semaphorin) 4D0.41789256 55701 FLJ10357 _ hypothetical protein FLJ1035710529 NEBL _ nebulette 0.28164017 55785 FGD6 _ FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 610530 RIG _ regulated in glioma 2.67823453 55790 CSGALNACT1 _ chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 110620 ARID3B _ AT rich interactive domain 3B (BRIGHT-like) 2.09427983 55966 AJAP1 _ adherens junctions associated protein 110631 POSTN _ periostin, osteoblast specific factor 5.6221204 56300 IL1F9 _ interleukin 1 family, member 910656 KHDRBS3 _ KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 3 2.74317769 56675 NRIP3 _ nuclear receptor interacting protein 310855 HPSE _ heparanase 0.24990206 56937 PMEPA1 _ prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 110874 NMU _ neuromedin U 0.22706244 56944 OLFML3 _ olfactomedin-like 310900 RUNDC3A _ RUN domain containing 3A 0.47783602 57111 RAB25 _ RAB25, member RAS oncogene family10924 SMPDL3A _ sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, acid-like 3A 0.24393224 57115 PGLYRP4 _ peptidoglycan recognition protein 410979 FERMT2 _ fermitin family homolog 2 (Drosophila) 2.37742528 57118 CAMK1D _ calcium10981 RAB32 _ RAB32, member RAS oncogene family 2.07016122 57152 SLURP1 _ secreted LY611005 SPINK5 _ serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 0.12089604 57211 GPR126 _ G protein-coupled receptor 12611045 UPK1A _ uroplakin 1A 0.35060128 57214 KIAA1199 _ KIAA119911082 ESM1 _ endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 6.13533407 57823 SLAMF7 _ SLAM family member 711141 IL1RAPL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 5.52443113 58504 ARHGAP22 _ Rho GTPase activating protein 2211145 PLA2G16 _ phospholipase A2, group XVI 3.27761389 58985 IL22RA1 _ interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 111217 AKAP2 _ A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 2 2.65548377 59342 SCPEP1 _ serine carboxypeptidase 111221 DUSP10 _ dual specificity phosphatase 10 2.51882344 59344 ALOXE3 _ arachidonate lipoxygenase 322795 NID2 _ nidogen 2 (osteonidogen) 0.36224511 64127 NOD2 _ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 222802 CLCA4 _ chloride channel regulator 4 0.11237007 64208 POPDC3 _ popeye domain containing 322822 PHLDA1 _ pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 2.18466565 64750 SMURF2 _ SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 222824 HSPA4L _ heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like 0.28952551 64762 FAM59A _ family with sequence similarity 59, member A22941 SHANK2 _ SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 2.33533641 64834 ELOVL1 _ elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN122943 DKK1 _ dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis) 3.43255774 64866 CDCP1 _ CUB domain containing protein 122996 TTC39A _ tetratricopeptide repeat domain 39A 0.41706028 79017 GGCT _ gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase23034 SAMD4A _ sterile alpha motif domain containing 4A 2.03392897 79092 CARD14 _ caspase recruitment domain family, member 1423086 EXPH5 _ exophilin 5 0.32216872 79152 FA2H _ fatty acid 2-hydroxylase23120 ATP10B _ ATPase, class V, type 10B 0.32801018 79153 GDPD3 _ glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 323136 EPB41L3 _ erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 3 0.42734185 79603 LASS4 _ LAG1 homolog, ceramide synthase 423175 LPIN1 _ lipin 1 2.05729688 79755 ZNF750 _ zinc finger protein 75023205 ACSBG1 _ acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 0.31934343 79887 FLJ22662 _ hypothetical protein FLJ2266223231 KIAA0746 _ KIAA0746 protein 2.15763376 79961 DENND2D _ DENN23266 LPHN2 _ latrophilin 2 0.3465915 79983 POF1B _ premature ovarian failure, 1B23327 NEDD4L _ neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-like 2.67617971 80176 SPSB1 _ splA23507 LRRC8B _ leucine rich repeat containing 8 family, member B 0.42370586 80195 C10orf57 _ chromosome 10 open reading frame 5723553 HYAL4 _ hyaluronoglucosaminidase 4 0.45822266 80765 STARD5 _ StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 523556 PIGN _ phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class N 0.47797562 81029 WNT5B _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B23576 DDAH1 _ dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 3.12299739 81552 ECOP _ EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein23643 LY96 _ lymphocyte antigen 96 2.3368442 81606 LBH _ limb bud and heart development homolog (mouse)23645 PPP1R15A _ protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A 2.5991682 81619 TSPAN14 _ tetraspanin 1423650 TRIM29 _ tripartite motif-containing 29 0.39245523 81849 ST6GALNAC5 _ ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 523682 RAB38 _ RAB38, member RAS oncogene family 0.46835512 84263 HSDL2 _ hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 223764 MAFF _ v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F (avian) 2.52947416 89797 NAV2 _ neuron navigator 225825 BACE2 _ beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 2.29280554 90865 IL33 _ interleukin 3325833 POU2F3 _ POU class 2 homeobox 3 0.31473508 91543 RSAD2 _ radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 225840 METTL7A _ methyltransferase like 7A 0.149146 115123 1-Jan _ membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 325984 KRT23 _ keratin 23 (histone deacetylase inducible) 0.1678123 115207 KCTD12 _ potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 1226064 RAI14 _ retinoic acid induced 14 2.04199488 131566 DCBLD2 _ discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 226154 ABCA12 _ ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 12 0.17273462 170680 PSORS1C2 _ psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 226191 PTPN22 _ protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (lymphoid) 0.42103803 347733 TUBB2A _ tubulin, beta 2A 26225 ARL5A _ ADP-ribosylation factor-like 5A 0.22971339 727893 LOC727893 _ similar to phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (myomegalin) 26239 LCE2B _ late cornified envelope 2B 0.09569583 100133623 CKMT1A _ creatine kinase, mitochondrial 1A 26285 CLDN17 _ claudin 17 0.4381447526353 HSPB8 _ heat shock 22kDa protein 8 0.2771534626355 FAM162A _ family with sequence similarity 162, member A 0.4124996426471 NUPR1 _ nuclear protein 1 0.2864442126525 IL1F5 _ interleukin 1 family, member 5 (delta) 0.3583263727034 ACAD8 _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 8 0.45150572

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

27076 LYPD3 _ LY6 0.3443278427122 DKK3 _ dickkopf homolog 3 (Xenopus laevis) 2.9757431427178 IL1F7 _ interleukin 1 family, member 7 (zeta) 0.1982693628962 OSTM1 _ osteopetrosis associated transmembrane protein 1 2.9291778928965 SLC27A6 _ solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 6 2.134310729094 HSPC159 _ galectin-related protein 0.2589308729114 TAGLN3 _ transgelin 3 7.371727829760 BLNK _ B-cell linker 0.1308426429887 SNX10 _ sorting nexin 10 2.0283077829986 SLC39A2 _ solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 2 0.249516349860 CRNN _ cornulin 0.0436440850486 G0S2 _ G0 4.5303097350487 PLA2G3 _ phospholipase A2, group III 0.2923689450863 HNT _ neurotrimin 2.2627092351083 GAL _ galanin prepropeptide 5.8770334151177 PLEKHO1 _ pleckstrin homology domain containing, family O member 1 2.2315786851195 RAPGEFL1 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-like 1 0.2996899451228 GLTP _ glycolipid transfer protein 0.314596451330 TNFRSF12A _ tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12A 2.0736143851361 HOOK1 _ hook homolog 1 (Drosophila) 0.4004231851454 GULP1 _ GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 2.4506891551559 NT5DC3 _ 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 3 2.3169238951806 CALML5 _ calmodulin-like 5 0.1197134953335 BCL11A _ B-cell CLL 0.466621653827 FXYD5 _ FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5 2.0935981653832 IL20RA _ interleukin 20 receptor, alpha 0.3353258553905 DUOX1 _ dual oxidase 1 0.4096177154575 UGT1A1 _ UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A1 0.4995842954682 MANSC1 _ MANSC domain containing 1 0.2522708254704 PPM2C _ protein phosphatase 2C, magnesium-dependent, catalytic subunit 2.8378167154836 BSPRY _ B-box and SPRY domain containing 0.4375272154873 PALMD _ palmdelphin 0.1465690455034 MOCOS _ molybdenum cofactor sulfurase 0.4803401955076 TMEM45A _ transmembrane protein 45A 0.0750424355107 ANO1 _ anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel 2.9508313955196 C12orf35 _ chromosome 12 open reading frame 35 3.1450888855201 MAP1S _ microtubule-associated protein 1S 2.2043345255213 RCBTB1 _ regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) and BTB (POZ) domain containing protein 1 2.2195363755214 LEPREL1 _ leprecan-like 1 0.3812577355222 LRRC20 _ leucine rich repeat containing 20 0.3474886355286 C4orf19 _ chromosome 4 open reading frame 19 0.4897410255304 SPTLC3 _ serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 3 0.4188093955312 RFK _ riboflavin kinase 2.0387360455323 LARP6 _ La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 3.627141455357 TBC1D2 _ TBC1 domain family, member 2 2.0189569255450 CAMK2N1 _ calcium 3.2014447855512 SMPD3 _ sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral membrane (neutral sphingomyelinase II) 0.3964022455584 CHRNA9 _ cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 9 0.2341014555616 ASAP3 _ ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 3 0.4883500355653 BCAS4 _ breast carcinoma amplified sequence 4 2.0092585255701 FLJ10357 _ hypothetical protein FLJ10357 2.1771072855769 ZNF83 _ zinc finger protein 83 2.3167063755785 FGD6 _ FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 6 2.0619954955790 CSGALNACT1 _ chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 0.3116520455803 ADAP2 _ ArfGAP with dual PH domains 2 0.2665532155966 AJAP1 _ adherens junctions associated protein 1 2.3588153756300 IL1F9 _ interleukin 1 family, member 9 0.1133162956675 NRIP3 _ nuclear receptor interacting protein 3 3.7069857756901 NDUFA4L2 _ NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 0.4787529256937 PMEPA1 _ prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 2.0876835856944 OLFML3 _ olfactomedin-like 3 2.3730189457007 CXCR7 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7 0.2823397857016 AKR1B10 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase) 0.0717305857111 RAB25 _ RAB25, member RAS oncogene family 0.4205636357115 PGLYRP4 _ peptidoglycan recognition protein 4 0.1767696157118 CAMK1D _ calcium 0.4240847157152 SLURP1 _ secreted LY6 0.0578606457211 GPR126 _ G protein-coupled receptor 126 2.3114383257214 KIAA1199 _ KIAA1199 0.2980756257823 SLAMF7 _ SLAM family member 7 2.1583246958504 ARHGAP22 _ Rho GTPase activating protein 22 2.6139109458985 IL22RA1 _ interleukin 22 receptor, alpha 1 0.2972341458986 TMEM8 _ transmembrane protein 8 (five membrane-spanning domains) 2.2086701559342 SCPEP1 _ serine carboxypeptidase 1 0.3942842159344 ALOXE3 _ arachidonate lipoxygenase 3 0.4069786564127 NOD2 _ nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 0.2056238364208 POPDC3 _ popeye domain containing 3 2.8951378164750 SMURF2 _ SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 4.0761269964762 FAM59A _ family with sequence similarity 59, member A 0.4356253564834 ELOVL1 _ elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1 0.446366364866 CDCP1 _ CUB domain containing protein 1 2.050028979017 GGCT _ gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase 0.2835652579019 CENPM _ centromere protein M 0.4794950479092 CARD14 _ caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 0.4608101479148 MMP28 _ matrix metallopeptidase 28 0.4032236479152 FA2H _ fatty acid 2-hydroxylase 2.1081498679153 GDPD3 _ glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 0.2735680979603 LASS4 _ LAG1 homolog, ceramide synthase 4 0.4097189879671 NLRX1 _ NLR family member X1 0.4728868379733 E2F8 _ E2F transcription factor 8 0.4692564879755 ZNF750 _ zinc finger protein 750 0.2417830579887 FLJ22662 _ hypothetical protein FLJ22662 0.4500723679961 DENND2D _ DENN 0.4768115279983 POF1B _ premature ovarian failure, 1B 0.2114736580176 SPSB1 _ splA 2.7140525780195 C10orf57 _ chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 0.4182481580740 LY6G6C _ lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6C 0.1827260580765 STARD5 _ StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain containing 5 0.4593228681029 WNT5B _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B 3.2126548981552 ECOP _ EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein 2.942175981606 LBH _ limb bud and heart development homolog (mouse) 2.7815231581619 TSPAN14 _ tetraspanin 14 2.4413921881849 ST6GALNAC5 _ ST6 (alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-beta-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 52.4838455683716 CRISPLD2 _ cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2 0.3507624984223 IQCG _ IQ motif containing G 0.4620511984263 HSDL2 _ hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 2 0.4823408889797 NAV2 _ neuron navigator 2 0.3167489290865 IL33 _ interleukin 33 0.4362986891543 RSAD2 _ radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 2.89676

112399 EGLN3 _ egl nine homolog 3 (C. elegans) 0.42757938115123 1-Jan _ membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 3 0.21149319115207 KCTD12 _ potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 12 3.75857945131566 DCBLD2 _ discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2 3.24889333170680 PSORS1C2 _ psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2 0.32487497283537 SLC46A3 _ solute carrier family 46, member 3 2.05041258347733 TUBB2A _ tubulin, beta 2A 0.44932025375035 SFT2D2 _ SFT2 domain containing 2 0.46955538445815 PALM2-AKAP2 _ PALM2-AKAP2 readthrough transcript 2.61312187727893 LOC727893 _ similar to phosphodiesterase 4D interacting protein (myomegalin) 2.37117894

100129271 C1orf68 _ chromosome 1 open reading frame 68 0.43429972100133623 CKMT1A _ creatine kinase, mitochondrial 1A 0.32577319

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

Supplemental Table 4: Differentially expressed cervix genesEntrezGeneID Fold Change CVX U0126 Reverted Genes

9 NAT1 _ N-acetyltransferase 1 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) 0.438945993 2936 GSR _ glutathione reductase12 SERPINA3 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 32.004602587 169611 OLFML2A _ olfactomedin-like 2A34 ACADM _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain 0.404959349 218 ALDH3A1 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, memberA136 ACADSB _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short 0.458351977 36 ACADSB _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short

101 ADAM8 _ ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8 2.022304162 5029 P2RY2 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2133 ADM _ adrenomedullin 6.481123835 22802 CLCA4 _ chloride channel regulator 4218 ALDH3A1 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, memberA1 0.153326609 7098 TLR3 _ toll-like receptor 3224 ALDH3A2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 0.399633658 57016 AKR1B10 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase)272 AMPD3 _ adenosine monophosphate deaminase (isoform E) 2.426482575 4001 LMNB1 _ lamin B1283 ANG _ angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 4.42956031 9787 DLGAP5 _ discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 5309 ANXA6 _ annexin A6 2.051988293 1573 CYP2J2 _ cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2331 XIAP _ X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis 2.026762021 64759 TNS3 _ tensin 3388 RHOB _ ras homolog gene family, member B 2.44001049 54101 RIPK4 _ receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 4412 STS _ steroid sulfatase (microsomal), isozyme S 0.415580538 873 CBR1 _ carbonyl reductase 1440 ASNS _ asparagine synthetase 0.194934993 5321 PLA2G4A _ phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)467 ATF3 _ activating transcription factor 3 5.501670165 9111 NMI _ N-myc (and STAT) interactor479 ATP12A _ ATPase, H+ 2.138046677 7153 TOP2A _ topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa586 BCAT1 _ branched chain aminotransferase 1, cytosolic 2.22908248 7915 ALDH5A1 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1639 PRDM1 _ PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain 4.257476008 2196 FAT2 _ FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2 (Drosophila)650 BMP2 _ bone morphogenetic protein 2 2.684307596 10112 KIF20A _ kinesin family member 20A654 BMP6 _ bone morphogenetic protein 6 2.325857889 8317 CDC7 _ cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae)664 BNIP3 _ BCL2 2.121963734 412 STS _ steroid sulfatase (microsomal), isozyme S665 BNIP3L _ BCL2 2.738811547 55034 MOCOS _ molybdenum cofactor sulfurase687 KLF9 _ Kruppel-like factor 9 2.315301381 10161 P2RY5 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 5710 SERPING1 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade G (C1 inhibitor), member 1 2.933883937 4175 MCM6 _ minichromosome maintenance complex component 6768 CA9 _ carbonic anhydrase IX 2.432108347 2036 EPB41L1 _ erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1793 CALB1 _ calbindin 1, 28kDa 6.784770424 9368 SLC9A3R1 _ solute carrier family 9 (sodium810 CALML3 _ calmodulin-like 3 0.421470336 11339 OIP5 _ Opa interacting protein 5873 CBR1 _ carbonyl reductase 1 0.464533807 3417 IDH1 _ isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble898 CCNE1 _ cyclin E1 2.710854159 10302 SNAPC5 _ small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa

1019 CDK4 _ cyclin-dependent kinase 4 6.512766486 8140 SLC7A5 _ solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 51028 CDKN1C _ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2) 5.026833833 6821 SUOX _ sulfite oxidase1032 CDKN2D _ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4) 3.079306876 2261 FGFR3 _ fibroblast growth factor receptor 31048 CEACAM5 _ carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 0.395036948 23621 BACE1 _ beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 11195 CLK1 _ CDC-like kinase 1 3.076960663 810 CALML3 _ calmodulin-like 31198 CLK3 _ CDC-like kinase 3 2.151046183 5111 PCNA _ proliferating cell nuclear antigen1291 COL6A1 _ collagen, type VI, alpha 1 2.36597036 3860 KRT13 _ keratin 131376 CPT2 _ carnitine palmitoyltransferase II 0.498132001 8804 CREG1 _ cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 11454 CSNK1E _ casein kinase 1, epsilon 2.314900204 34 ACADM _ acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain1462 VCAN _ versican 2.403022239 224 ALDH3A2 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A21515 CTSL2 _ cathepsin L2 2.042066715 25840 METTL7A _ methyltransferase like 7A1562 CYP2C18 _ cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 18 0.417088575 51195 RAPGEFL1 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-like 11573 CYP2J2 _ cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2 0.49606573 4086 SMAD1 _ SMAD family member 11649 DDIT3 _ DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 2.732885469 79071 ELOVL6 _ ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (FEN11718 DHCR24 _ 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase 0.453729227 22824 HSPA4L _ heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like1806 DPYD _ dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase 0.335744425 3851 KRT4 _ keratin 41808 DPYSL2 _ dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 2.006849252 7390 UROS _ uroporphyrinogen III synthase1820 ARID3A _ AT rich interactive domain 3A (BRIGHT-like) 2.306566441 5087 PBX1 _ pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 11843 DUSP1 _ dual specificity phosphatase 1 2.188435706 53832 IL20RA _ interleukin 20 receptor, alpha1847 DUSP5 _ dual specificity phosphatase 5 3.835285563 6850 SYK _ spleen tyrosine kinase1958 EGR1 _ early growth response 1 2.522929688 4258 MGST2 _ microsomal glutathione S-transferase 21960 EGR3 _ early growth response 3 8.508974093 10451 VAV3 _ vav 3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor2014 EMP3 _ epithelial membrane protein 3 3.020301347 80761 UPK3B _ uroplakin 3B2026 ENO2 _ enolase 2 (gamma, neuronal) 11.32052962 1376 CPT2 _ carnitine palmitoyltransferase II2036 EPB41L1 _ erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 1 0.398478599 1718 DHCR24 _ 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase2043 EPHA4 _ EPH receptor A4 0.48222403 23171 GPD1L _ glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like2058 EPRS _ glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 0.497235084 79977 GRHL2 _ grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila)2110 ETFDH _ electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase 0.401076683 4609 MYC _ v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian)2196 FAT2 _ FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2 (Drosophila) 0.431655417 479 ATP12A _ ATPase, H+2261 FGFR3 _ fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 0.456426829 1515 CTSL2 _ cathepsin L22273 FHL1 _ four and a half LIM domains 1 2.137019393 56253 CRTAM _ cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule2309 FOXO3 _ forkhead box O3 2.023075274 54544 CRCT1 _ cysteine-rich C-terminal 12335 FN1 _ fibronectin 1 3.104153714 586 BCAT1 _ branched chain aminotransferase 1, cytosolic2357 FPR1 _ formyl peptide receptor 1 2.075602099 8076 MFAP5 _ microfibrillar associated protein 52634 GBP2 _ guanylate binding protein 2, interferon-inducible 0.425088166 200315 APOBEC3A _ apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A2644 GCHFR _ GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulator 0.4298758 51700 CYB5R2 _ cytochrome b5 reductase 22664 GDI1 _ GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 2.123769214 51200 CPA4 _ carboxypeptidase A42669 GEM _ GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle 3.638734276 3162 HMOX1 _ heme oxygenase (decycling) 12745 GLRX _ glutaredoxin (thioltransferase) 4.796393422 3884 KRT33B _ keratin 33B2886 GRB7 _ growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 2.01888992 2357 FPR1 _ formyl peptide receptor 12921 CXCL3 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 2.837178264 793 CALB1 _ calbindin 1, 28kDa2936 GSR _ glutathione reductase 0.449306239 22891 ZNF365 _ zinc finger protein 3653099 HK2 _ hexokinase 2 3.017689772 8688 KRT37 _ keratin 373134 HLA-F _ major histocompatibility complex, class I, F 2.419485008 55107 ANO1 _ anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel3135 HLA-G _ major histocompatibility complex, class I, G 2.429736727 898 CCNE1 _ cyclin E13162 HMOX1 _ heme oxygenase (decycling) 1 3.055935302 9227 LRAT _ lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)3265 HRAS _ v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 8.12972189 140885 SIRPA _ signal-regulatory protein alpha3290 HSD11B1 _ hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 7.278915417 51066 C3orf32 _ chromosome 3 open reading frame 323376 IARS _ isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 0.465845674 9173 IL1RL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor-like 13417 IDH1 _ isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble 0.474631087 80352 RNF39 _ ring finger protein 393423 IDS _ iduronate 2-sulfatase 2.032844694 3885 KRT34 _ keratin 343481 IGF2 _ insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) 2.588650147 6447 SCG5 _ secretogranin V (7B2 protein)3486 IGFBP3 _ insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 5.969665108 27121 DKK4 _ dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis)3556 IL1RAP _ interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein 2.669001285 10105 PPIF _ peptidylprolyl isomerase F3570 IL6R _ interleukin 6 receptor 4.848358906 51454 GULP1 _ GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 13572 IL6ST _ interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor) 2.372568926 5376 PMP22 _ peripheral myelin protein 223576 IL8 _ interleukin 8 2.67492789 1960 EGR3 _ early growth response 33598 IL13RA2 _ interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 2 6.411089282 654 BMP6 _ bone morphogenetic protein 63622 ING2 _ inhibitor of growth family, member 2 2.714164195 11072 DUSP14 _ dual specificity phosphatase 143624 INHBA _ inhibin, beta A 2.460412141 5021 OXTR _ oxytocin receptor3638 INSIG1 _ insulin induced gene 1 4.204254489 7150 TOP1 _ topoisomerase (DNA) I3664 IRF6 _ interferon regulatory factor 6 2.075263457 64078 SLC28A3 _ solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 33665 IRF7 _ interferon regulatory factor 7 2.193815956 5898 RALA _ v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related)3669 ISG20 _ interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa 3.707380009 57823 SLAMF7 _ SLAM family member 73678 ITGA5 _ integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide) 5.798360369 100134295 LOC100134295 _ similar to Solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4A1 3708 ITPR1 _ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 1 6.457832404 3669 ISG20 _ interferon stimulated exonuclease gene 20kDa3775 KCNK1 _ potassium channel, subfamily K, member 1 2.212457895 5865 RAB3B _ RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family3783 KCNN4 _ potassium intermediate 2.006062424 4084 MXD1 _ MAX dimerization protein 13851 KRT4 _ keratin 4 0.136985966 7076 TIMP1 _ TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 13856 KRT8 _ keratin 8 3.19639012 81606 LBH _ limb bud and heart development homolog (mouse)3860 KRT13 _ keratin 13 0.261748922 9771 RAPGEF5 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 53884 KRT33B _ keratin 33B 2.61209696 6785 ELOVL4 _ elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN13885 KRT34 _ keratin 34 5.179141231 331 XIAP _ X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis3897 L1CAM _ L1 cell adhesion molecule 2.151510677 79614 C5orf23 _ chromosome 5 open reading frame 233909 LAMA3 _ laminin, alpha 3 2.137650506 55450 CAMK2N1 _ calcium3914 LAMB3 _ laminin, beta 3 2.119470667 7850 IL1R2 _ interleukin 1 receptor, type II3918 LAMC2 _ laminin, gamma 2 2.917838432 6397 SEC14L1 _ SEC14-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)3934 LCN2 _ lipocalin 2 0.490482987 6248 RSC1A1 _ regulatory solute carrier protein, family 1, member 13983 ABLIM1 _ actin binding LIM protein 1 0.424960307 29982 NRBF2 _ nuclear receptor binding factor 24001 LMNB1 _ lamin B1 0.465420609 2669 GEM _ GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle4072 EPCAM _ epithelial cell adhesion molecule 2.109844247 6523 SLC5A1 _ solute carrier family 5 (sodium4084 MXD1 _ MAX dimerization protein 1 2.844095186 55344 PLCXD1 _ phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 14086 SMAD1 _ SMAD family member 1 0.497334631 4232 MEST _ mesoderm specific transcript homolog (mouse)4126 MANBA _ mannosidase, beta A, lysosomal 2.136010146 7357 UGCG _ UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase4131 MAP1B _ microtubule-associated protein 1B 2.302258771 56675 NRIP3 _ nuclear receptor interacting protein 34141 MARS _ methionyl-tRNA synthetase 0.499065126 9663 LPIN2 _ lipin 24175 MCM6 _ minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 0.468955521 65108 MARCKSL1 _ MARCKS-like 14232 MEST _ mesoderm specific transcript homolog (mouse) 2.073610603 65009 NDRG4 _ NDRG family member 44258 MGST2 _ microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 0.491086392 9818 NUPL1 _ nucleoporin like 14277 MICB _ MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B 2.649017363 639 PRDM1 _ PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain4312 MMP1 _ matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase) 2.585294263 2921 CXCL3 _ chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 34319 MMP10 _ matrix metallopeptidase 10 (stromelysin 2) 2.853778278 3598 IL13RA2 _ interleukin 13 receptor, alpha 24345 CD200 _ CD200 molecule 5.343740685 7328 UBE2H _ ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2H (UBC8 homolog, yeast)4499 MT1M _ metallothionein 1M 2.815813533 9990 SLC12A6 _ solute carrier family 12 (potassium4585 MUC4 _ mucin 4, cell surface associated 0.349051532 64838 FNDC4 _ fibronectin type III domain containing 44609 MYC _ v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) 0.455173982 80176 SPSB1 _ splA4783 NFIL3 _ nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated 5.023582257 25907 TMEM158 _ transmembrane protein 1584811 NID1 _ nidogen 1 2.156225628 4345 CD200 _ CD200 molecule4814 NINJ1 _ ninjurin 1 2.353261263 2745 GLRX _ glutaredoxin (thioltransferase)4893 NRAS _ neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog 2.131790994 6095 RORA _ RAR-related orphan receptor A4897 NRCAM _ neuronal cell adhesion molecule 2.067585443 8877 SPHK1 _ sphingosine kinase 14902 NRTN _ neurturin 0.490901184 29114 TAGLN3 _ transgelin 34950 OCLN _ occludin 2.457875773 7869 SEMA3B _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3B5017 OVOL1 _ ovo-like 1(Drosophila) 2.87600563 2309 FOXO3 _ forkhead box O35021 OXTR _ oxytocin receptor 14.00931733 3423 IDS _ iduronate 2-sulfatase5025 P2RX4 _ purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 4 2.242912594 8545 CGGBP1 _ CGG triplet repeat binding protein 1

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

5029 P2RY2 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 2 0.420748636 10014 HDAC5 _ histone deacetylase 55033 P4HA1 _ prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I 3.62122106 6563 SLC14A1 _ solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 1 (Kidd blood group)5054 SERPINE1 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 12.421834031 1847 DUSP5 _ dual specificity phosphatase 55087 PBX1 _ pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 0.355775606 100132532 LOC100132532 _ hypothetical protein LOC1001325325106 PCK2 _ phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) 0.403546828 3622 ING2 _ inhibitor of growth family, member 25111 PCNA _ proliferating cell nuclear antigen 0.479448081 4783 NFIL3 _ nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated5209 PFKFB3 _ 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase 2.068483572 80736 SLC44A4 _ solute carrier family 44, member 45252 PHF1 _ PHD finger protein 1 2.114402447 22863 KIAA0831 _ KIAA08315321 PLA2G4A _ phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) 0.340169064 11145 PLA2G16 _ phospholipase A2, group XVI5329 PLAUR _ plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor 6.284073261 10253 SPRY2 _ sprouty homolog 2 (Drosophila)5376 PMP22 _ peripheral myelin protein 22 5.487411054 5768 QSOX1 _ quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 15467 PPARD _ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta 2.325595202 8660 IRS2 _ insulin receptor substrate 25507 PPP1R3C _ protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3C 0.316315871 4893 NRAS _ neuroblastoma RAS viral (v-ras) oncogene homolog5652 PRSS8 _ protease, serine, 8 2.964654534 6744 SSFA2 _ sperm specific antigen 25768 QSOX1 _ quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1 2.422933821 6795 AURKC _ aurora kinase C5782 PTPN12 _ protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 12 2.30026488 9956 HS3ST2 _ heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 25865 RAB3B _ RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family 2.513591139 3572 IL6ST _ interleukin 6 signal transducer (gp130, oncostatin M receptor)5880 RAC2 _ ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2)2.506979154 6812 STXBP1 _ syntaxin binding protein 15898 RALA _ v-ral simian leukemia viral oncogene homolog A (ras related) 2.210280547 65983 GRAMD3 _ GRAM domain containing 36038 RNASE4 _ ribonuclease, RNase A family, 4 3.91130489 8408 ULK1 _ unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans)6095 RORA _ RAR-related orphan receptor A 5.326175623 3135 HLA-G _ major histocompatibility complex, class I, G6248 RSC1A1 _ regulatory solute carrier protein, family 1, member 1 2.074756749 3665 IRF7 _ interferon regulatory factor 76283 S100A12 _ S100 calcium binding protein A12 0.374506328 1649 DDIT3 _ DNA-damage-inducible transcript 36364 CCL20 _ chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 2.099226227 6781 STC1 _ stanniocalcin 16397 SEC14L1 _ SEC14-like 1 (S. cerevisiae) 2.743466577 1291 COL6A1 _ collagen, type VI, alpha 16443 SGCB _ sarcoglycan, beta (43kDa dystrophin-associated glycoprotein) 2.732962189 55323 LARP6 _ La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 66447 SCG5 _ secretogranin V (7B2 protein) 5.223451821 79572 ATP13A3 _ ATPase type 13A36515 SLC2A3 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 3 16.57112909 3570 IL6R _ interleukin 6 receptor6523 SLC5A1 _ solute carrier family 5 (sodium 3.962117046 272 AMPD3 _ adenosine monophosphate deaminase (isoform E)6535 SLC6A8 _ solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, creatine), member 84.799552838 23764 MAFF _ v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F (avian)6563 SLC14A1 _ solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 1 (Kidd blood group)2.296412558 91543 RSAD2 _ radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 26659 SOX4 _ SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4 2.402272814 5652 PRSS8 _ protease, serine, 86744 SSFA2 _ sperm specific antigen 2 2.325313122 2886 GRB7 _ growth factor receptor-bound protein 76781 STC1 _ stanniocalcin 1 7.180826972 26499 PLEK2 _ pleckstrin 26782 HSPA13 _ heat shock protein 70kDa family, member 13 2.138723531 3290 HSD11B1 _ hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 16785 ELOVL4 _ elongation of very long chain fatty acids (FEN1 3.61335725 5467 PPARD _ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6793 STK10 _ serine 2.360839558 146227 BEAN _ brain expressed, associated with Nedd46795 AURKC _ aurora kinase C 2.036414157 6515 SLC2A3 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 36812 STXBP1 _ syntaxin binding protein 1 2.17402194 1028 CDKN1C _ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (p57, Kip2)6821 SUOX _ sulfite oxidase 0.460048239 3481 IGF2 _ insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A) 6850 SYK _ spleen tyrosine kinase 0.494253162 5017 OVOL1 _ ovo-like 1(Drosophila)6947 TCN1 _ transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family) 0.378476991 29923 HIG2 _ hypoxia-inducible protein 27035 TFPI _ tissue factor pathway inhibitor (lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor) 2.265043881 1958 EGR1 _ early growth response 17037 TFRC _ transferrin receptor (p90, CD71) 0.406999803 152006 RNF38 _ ring finger protein 387040 TGFB1 _ transforming growth factor, beta 1 2.488885739 8651 SOCS1 _ suppressor of cytokine signaling 17076 TIMP1 _ TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 3.005366633 144195 SLC2A14 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 14 7098 TLR3 _ toll-like receptor 3 0.350361219 2273 FHL1 _ four and a half LIM domains 17108 TM7SF2 _ transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2 0.347990807 1843 DUSP1 _ dual specificity phosphatase 17138 TNNT1 _ troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow) 2.189883695 23099 ZBTB43 _ zinc finger and BTB domain containing 437150 TOP1 _ topoisomerase (DNA) I 2.091372432 11151 CORO1A _ coronin, actin binding protein, 1A7153 TOP2A _ topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa 0.491682871 10512 SEMA3C _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3C7263 TST _ thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (rhodanese) 0.476665792 57149 LYRM1 _ LYR motif containing 17328 UBE2H _ ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2H (UBC8 homolog, yeast) 2.802083602 10144 FAM13A1 _ family with sequence similarity 13, member A17357 UGCG _ UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase 2.20686748 3556 IL1RAP _ interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein7390 UROS _ uroporphyrinogen III synthase 0.491144603 1195 CLK1 _ CDC-like kinase 17431 VIM _ vimentin 2.561024403 23645 PPP1R15A _ protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A7447 VSNL1 _ visinin-like 1 0.497459162 727851 RGPD5 _ RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 5 7477 WNT7B _ wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 7B 2.156181912 55201 MAP1S _ microtubule-associated protein 1S7718 ZNF165 _ zinc finger protein 165 2.544872803 5782 PTPN12 _ protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 127846 TUBA1A _ tubulin, alpha 1a 2.053065635 665 BNIP3L _ BCL27850 IL1R2 _ interleukin 1 receptor, type II 4.150398893 2335 FN1 _ fibronectin 17869 SEMA3B _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3B5.247117147 79905 TMC7 _ transmembrane channel-like 77915 ALDH5A1 _ aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family, member A1 0.491179686 54509 RHOF _ ras homolog gene family, member F (in filopodia)8000 PSCA _ prostate stem cell antigen 0.189863896 3486 IGFBP3 _ insulin-like growth factor binding protein 38061 FOSL1 _ FOS-like antigen 1 2.431899315 3638 INSIG1 _ insulin induced gene 18076 MFAP5 _ microfibrillar associated protein 5 2.159504017 79018 C17orf39 _ chromosome 17 open reading frame 398140 SLC7A5 _ solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 50.280509493 60370 AVPI1 _ arginine vasopressin-induced 18317 CDC7 _ cell division cycle 7 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 0.498745403 7718 ZNF165 _ zinc finger protein 1658406 SRPX _ sushi-repeat-containing protein, X-linked 2.244807136 7846 TUBA1A _ tubulin, alpha 1a8408 ULK1 _ unc-51-like kinase 1 (C. elegans) 2.20826835 3775 KCNK1 _ potassium channel, subfamily K, member 18416 ANXA9 _ annexin A9 0.2555717 89795 NAV3 _ neuron navigator 38470 SORBS2 _ sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2 0.366922213 51526 C20orf111 _ chromosome 20 open reading frame 1118497 PPFIA4 _ protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, f polypeptide (PTPRF), interacting protein (liprin), alpha 42.325800174 6793 STK10 _ serine8545 CGGBP1 _ CGG triplet repeat binding protein 1 2.471153707 1032 CDKN2D _ cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2D (p19, inhibits CDK4)8553 BHLHE40 _ basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 2.897382188 10371 SEMA3A _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A8577 TMEFF1 _ transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 1 4.906179439 687 KLF9 _ Kruppel-like factor 98638 OASL _ 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like 2.050321289 3134 HLA-F _ major histocompatibility complex, class I, F8651 SOCS1 _ suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 3.618648432 8406 SRPX _ sushi-repeat-containing protein, X-linked8660 IRS2 _ insulin receptor substrate 2 2.254800824 56929 FEM1C _ fem-1 homolog c (C. elegans)8688 KRT37 _ keratin 37 3.876791106 10289 EIF1B _ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B8706 B3GALNT1 _ beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (globoside blood group) 0.415666965 1462 VCAN _ versican8728 ADAM19 _ ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 (meltrin beta) 2.093365896 467 ATF3 _ activating transcription factor 38743 TNFSF10 _ tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 0.408511897 3909 LAMA3 _ laminin, alpha 38804 CREG1 _ cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 0.473371417 4814 NINJ1 _ ninjurin 18877 SPHK1 _ sphingosine kinase 1 2.393237377 1454 CSNK1E _ casein kinase 1, epsilon8974 P4HA2 _ prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide II 2.467489593 55214 LEPREL1 _ leprecan-like 19111 NMI _ N-myc (and STAT) interactor 0.422299516 8577 TMEFF1 _ transmembrane protein with EGF-like and two follistatin-like domains 19173 IL1RL1 _ interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 2.556287319 9819 TSC22D2 _ TSC22 domain family, member 29227 LRAT _ lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)2.609465087 150094 SIK1 _ salt-inducible kinase 19245 GCNT3 _ glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 3, mucin type 0.264028771 11186 RASSF1 _ Ras association (RalGDS9317 PTER _ phosphotriesterase related 0.487887424 51762 RAB8B _ RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family9368 SLC9A3R1 _ solute carrier family 9 (sodium 0.470474032 23710 GABARAPL1 _ GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 19473 C1orf38 _ chromosome 1 open reading frame 38 4.785600612 79152 FA2H _ fatty acid 2-hydroxylase9518 GDF15 _ growth differentiation factor 15 2.306873669 81552 ECOP _ EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein9590 AKAP12 _ A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 12 2.63611809 2014 EMP3 _ epithelial membrane protein 39663 LPIN2 _ lipin 2 2.278050928 4319 MMP10 _ matrix metallopeptidase 10 (stromelysin 2)9759 HDAC4 _ histone deacetylase 4 0.41641848 51026 GOLT1B _ golgi transport 1 homolog B (S. cerevisiae)9771 RAPGEF5 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 5 3.280334646 2664 GDI1 _ GDP dissociation inhibitor 19787 DLGAP5 _ discs, large (Drosophila) homolog-associated protein 5 0.484970534 6782 HSPA13 _ heat shock protein 70kDa family, member 139818 NUPL1 _ nucleoporin like 1 3.27283189 3678 ITGA5 _ integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide)9819 TSC22D2 _ TSC22 domain family, member 2 2.757096952 5329 PLAUR _ plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor9956 HS3ST2 _ heparan sulfate (glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 2 2.254822314 6659 SOX4 _ SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 49990 SLC12A6 _ solute carrier family 12 (potassium 2.548454861 3918 LAMC2 _ laminin, gamma 2

10014 HDAC5 _ histone deacetylase 5 2.450539922 3708 ITPR1 _ inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, type 110105 PPIF _ peptidylprolyl isomerase F 4.045589671 3099 HK2 _ hexokinase 210112 KIF20A _ kinesin family member 20A 0.456504093 55818 JMJD1A _ jumonji domain containing 1A10144 FAM13A1 _ family with sequence similarity 13, member A1 2.121081418 7138 TNNT1 _ troponin T type 1 (skeletal, slow)10158 PDZK1IP1 _ PDZK1 interacting protein 1 0.400758812 55785 FGD6 _ FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 610161 P2RY5 _ purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 5 0.467458679 64208 POPDC3 _ popeye domain containing 310253 SPRY2 _ sprouty homolog 2 (Drosophila) 4.755232397 8553 BHLHE40 _ basic helix-loop-helix family, member e4010289 EIF1B _ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1B 2.065525684 309 ANXA6 _ annexin A610302 SNAPC5 _ small nuclear RNA activating complex, polypeptide 5, 19kDa 0.499883305 1198 CLK3 _ CDC-like kinase 310371 SEMA3A _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A2.496830265 1820 ARID3A _ AT rich interactive domain 3A (BRIGHT-like)10451 VAV3 _ vav 3 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 0.430295602 650 BMP2 _ bone morphogenetic protein 210512 SEMA3C _ sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3C2.04804867 5054 SERPINE1 _ serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 110874 NMU _ neuromedin U 0.275877671 26043 UBXN7 _ UBX domain protein 710885 WDR3 _ WD repeat domain 3 0.488040152 9473 C1orf38 _ chromosome 1 open reading frame 3810964 IFI44L _ interferon-induced protein 44-like 2.320865955 388 RHOB _ ras homolog gene family, member B10979 FERMT2 _ fermitin family homolog 2 (Drosophila) 3.037006508 654342 LOC654342 _ similar to lymphocyte-specific protein 111005 SPINK5 _ serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 0.259542553 55454 CSGALNACT2 _ chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 211015 KDELR3 _ KDEL (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor 32.099651661 4312 MMP1 _ matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase)11072 DUSP14 _ dual specificity phosphatase 14 2.100549815 4950 OCLN _ occludin11145 PLA2G16 _ phospholipase A2, group XVI 2.234661093 1808 DPYSL2 _ dihydropyrimidinase-like 211151 CORO1A _ coronin, actin binding protein, 1A 2.64499592611186 RASSF1 _ Ras association (RalGDS 2.14250118211339 OIP5 _ Opa interacting protein 5 0.41834095622802 CLCA4 _ chloride channel regulator 4 0.25694099622824 HSPA4L _ heat shock 70kDa protein 4-like 0.44435397522863 KIAA0831 _ KIAA0831 2.22588491122891 ZNF365 _ zinc finger protein 365 2.51862354423024 PDZRN3 _ PDZ domain containing ring finger 3 0.10337254723086 EXPH5 _ exophilin 5 0.4513074523099 ZBTB43 _ zinc finger and BTB domain containing 43 3.12888796223120 ATP10B _ ATPase, class V, type 10B 0.43002597223171 GPD1L _ glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like 0.32343894323564 DDAH2 _ dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 2.00729130423621 BACE1 _ beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 0.44764697723645 PPP1R15A _ protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 15A 3.907104926

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23657 SLC7A11 _ solute carrier family 7, (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system) member 110.32362612923710 GABARAPL1 _ GABA(A) receptor-associated protein like 1 2.13243238923764 MAFF _ v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog F (avian) 2.03749991625840 METTL7A _ methyltransferase like 7A 0.38985242125907 TMEM158 _ transmembrane protein 158 6.81128193526043 UBXN7 _ UBX domain protein 7 2.13939073826227 PHGDH _ phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 0.44785255826471 NUPR1 _ nuclear protein 1 2.93323010226499 PLEK2 _ pleckstrin 2 2.30404756527121 DKK4 _ dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis) 2.9127065329114 TAGLN3 _ transgelin 3 8.25799388429923 HIG2 _ hypoxia-inducible protein 2 5.86786935329968 PSAT1 _ phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 0.2457125529982 NRBF2 _ nuclear receptor binding factor 2 2.10464367630001 ERO1L _ ERO1-like (S. cerevisiae) 2.40232901349860 CRNN _ cornulin 0.12958696450486 G0S2 _ G0 2.3834023251026 GOLT1B _ golgi transport 1 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) 2.3115218551066 C3orf32 _ chromosome 3 open reading frame 32 2.46895766751129 ANGPTL4 _ angiopoietin-like 4 4.26521066551133 KCTD3 _ potassium channel tetramerisation domain containing 3 0.45560058451195 RAPGEFL1 _ Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-like 1 0.48020805251200 CPA4 _ carboxypeptidase A4 2.82549336251454 GULP1 _ GULP, engulfment adaptor PTB domain containing 1 2.03474781651526 C20orf111 _ chromosome 20 open reading frame 111 2.12992111751700 CYB5R2 _ cytochrome b5 reductase 2 2.29289533351762 RAB8B _ RAB8B, member RAS oncogene family 3.02078069553832 IL20RA _ interleukin 20 receptor, alpha 0.39491736254101 RIPK4 _ receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 4 0.47083419354509 RHOF _ ras homolog gene family, member F (in filopodia) 3.01692587454544 CRCT1 _ cysteine-rich C-terminal 1 2.02850871454873 PALMD _ palmdelphin 0.43116436455008 HERC6 _ hect domain and RLD 6 0.34034645855034 MOCOS _ molybdenum cofactor sulfurase 0.40894059855107 ANO1 _ anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel 2.48413142155201 MAP1S _ microtubule-associated protein 1S 2.63320729655214 LEPREL1 _ leprecan-like 1 2.41426325855323 LARP6 _ La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 6 6.92236253655344 PLCXD1 _ phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, X domain containing 1 2.715258455450 CAMK2N1 _ calcium 2.05078464455454 CSGALNACT2 _ chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 2.93375826355785 FGD6 _ FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 6 3.09486718955818 JMJD1A _ jumonji domain containing 1A 2.53395516856253 CRTAM _ cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule 2.27826884356675 NRIP3 _ nuclear receptor interacting protein 3 5.57903982656929 FEM1C _ fem-1 homolog c (C. elegans) 2.24684748857016 AKR1B10 _ aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase) 0.32941987457149 LYRM1 _ LYR motif containing 1 2.35789912757152 SLURP1 _ secreted LY6 0.31056792657823 SLAMF7 _ SLAM family member 7 3.13885046459307 SIGIRR _ single immunoglobulin and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain 2.24427583160370 AVPI1 _ arginine vasopressin-induced 1 4.22048266964078 SLC28A3 _ solute carrier family 28 (sodium-coupled nucleoside transporter), member 32.30154404264208 POPDC3 _ popeye domain containing 3 2.53200016764759 TNS3 _ tensin 3 0.44269494364838 FNDC4 _ fibronectin type III domain containing 4 2.0576052865009 NDRG4 _ NDRG family member 4 2.03688989965108 MARCKSL1 _ MARCKS-like 1 2.46191593565983 GRAMD3 _ GRAM domain containing 3 2.83746923579018 C17orf39 _ chromosome 17 open reading frame 39 2.79065542679071 ELOVL6 _ ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (FEN1 0.48825272579152 FA2H _ fatty acid 2-hydroxylase 4.75968748179572 ATP13A3 _ ATPase type 13A3 2.2288507379614 C5orf23 _ chromosome 5 open reading frame 23 2.9294295479669 C3orf52 _ chromosome 3 open reading frame 52 2.49558795379905 TMC7 _ transmembrane channel-like 7 2.0065532679977 GRHL2 _ grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila) 0.42643521980176 SPSB1 _ splA 3.14895905880352 RNF39 _ ring finger protein 39 3.23197267380736 SLC44A4 _ solute carrier family 44, member 4 2.86971964380746 TSEN2 _ tRNA splicing endonuclease 2 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 0.43979838180761 UPK3B _ uroplakin 3B 0.42575673380853 JHDM1D _ jumonji C domain containing histone demethylase 1 homolog D (S. cerevisiae)2.37866400581552 ECOP _ EGFR-coamplified and overexpressed protein 2.24571601381606 LBH _ limb bud and heart development homolog (mouse) 4.32870354684164 ASCC2 _ activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 2 0.48763497284864 MINA _ MYC induced nuclear antigen 0.44816441389795 NAV3 _ neuron navigator 3 2.14285242991543 RSAD2 _ radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 6.031631749

140885 SIRPA _ signal-regulatory protein alpha 2.308090831144195 SLC2A14 _ solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 14 18.16387363146227 BEAN _ brain expressed, associated with Nedd4 2.013764044150094 SIK1 _ salt-inducible kinase 1 3.734989015152006 RNF38 _ ring finger protein 38 2.17787477169611 OLFML2A _ olfactomedin-like 2A 0.440586074200315 APOBEC3A _ apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A 3.699769777386757 LOC653562 _ hypothetical LOC653562 4.800001977654342 LOC654342 _ similar to lymphocyte-specific protein 1 2.481834649727851 RGPD5 _ RANBP2-like and GRIP domain containing 5 2.267819729222 LOC729222 _ similar to mKIAA1230 protein 2.347677517

100132532 LOC100132532 _ hypothetical protein LOC100132532 2.051893355100134295 LOC100134295 _ similar to Solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4A1 3.264187658

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SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 5 GO terms associated with Ras gene signature GO Term p-value Epidermis development 3.1 E-13 Response to wounding 7.9 E-9 Cell adhesion 1.1 E-7 Negative regulation of immune system 9.2 E-5 Lipid transport 9.5 E-5 Regulation of cell proliferation 1.6 E-4 Angiogenesis 4.7 E-4 Cytoskeletal organization 7.7 E-4 Chemotaxis 3.1 E-3

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SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS Isolation and culture of primary cells. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were isolated from fresh discarded surgical foreskin specimens obtained from the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford through an IRB approved protocol. Procedures below are similar to those described previously.1 No less than 15 different foreskin tissues were used in this study. 1. Wash the foreskin in PBS and remove any subcutaneous fat 2. Incubate the tissue in 1X dispase at 4oC overnight 3. Wash in PBS 4. Using sterile forceps, gently separate the epidermis from underlying dermis. For KC isolation protocol go to step 5. For FB isolation protocol skip to step 8. 5. Incubate the epidermis in 5 ml warm trypsin for 10 minutes (this tissue is the source of keratinocytes) 6. Add 10 ml DMEM with 10% FBS to quench trypsin and spin down cells 7. Resuspend cells in keratinocyte serum free media supplemented with EGF and bovine pituitary extract (GIBCO/Invitrogen Carlsbad, CA) and plate on standard tissue culture treated polystyrene plates. Change the media every 2 days and split when cells reach 80-90% confluence. 8. Mince dermis and place in 10 ml 1X collagenase for 30 minutes at 37 oC. Add 10 ml DMEM with 10% FBS and spin down cells and debris. Resuspend in fresh DMEM with 10% FBS and plate on standard tissue culture treated polystyrene plates. Change the media every 2 days and split when cells reach 80-90% confluence. Primary human cervical epithelial cells and cervical fibroblasts were isolated via a slight modification of the above procedure for epidermal keratinocytes. The cervix tissues utilized were normal tissues removed during hysterectomies. No patients with cervical cancer were used as a source of cervical tissue. The cervix tissues were obtained through a protocol approved and coordinated through the federally-funded National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI, Philadelphia, PA). Four different cervix tissues were used to obtain cells for this study. 1. After receiving the fresh cervix, carefully microdissect the surface 1mm of tissue containing

the epithelium and supporting stroma from the rest of the specimen. Place this thin sheet of tissue in 1X dispase overnight at 4oC.

2. Wash in PBS 3. Using sterile forceps, gently separate the cervical epithelium from the underlying stroma.

For cervical epithelial cells continue with step 5 above for epidermal keratinocytes. For cervical FB isolation protocol proceed with step 8 above for dermal FB.

Primary human oral keratinocytes, and human esophageal epithelial cells were obtained from Sciencell (Carlsbad, CA), and cultured according to instructions from the supplier. The commercial esophageal epithelial cells were from one sample/lot number. Commercial oral keratinocytes were obtained from two different samples/lot numbers. Retroviral production.

1. Stably transfect 293T based Phoenix packaging cells (Gift from Dr. G. Nolan, Stanford

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University) with LZRS vectors containing the genes of interest. Select and maintain viral packaging cells in 1ug ml-1 puromycin.

2. For viral production, grow packaging to 75% confluence and replace media with fresh DMEM with 10% FBS. Move cells to 320 for 24 hours.

3. Collect viral supernatant and filter through a 0.45µm filter. Virus can then be used directly or frozen at -800C for future use.

Retroviral transduction of primary epithelial cells. High titer LZRS retrovirus driving expression of RasG12V, Cdk4R24C, ER-HRasG12V, or LacZ control was used to transduce (p2-p4) primary epithelial cells in the presence of 5ug ml-1 polybrene as described previously2 and detailed below. 1. Grow early passage primary epithelial cells to 25% confluence. Remove growth media and

replace with equal volume retrovirus and 5ug ml-1 polybrene. Centrifuge plates at 500g for 60 minutes at 320C.

2. Remove virus, replace with epithelial cell growth media and return to 37 OC.

Verify transduction by western blotting. Transductions are typically completed within 12–24 hours with a transduction efficiency >99% eliminating the need for drug selection.3 In vivo tumor formation assays. 1 x 106 transduced epithelial cells engineered to express oncogenic Ras and CDK4 were suspended in a volume of 150µl containing 50% Matrigel (BD biosciences, San Jose CA) and injected with a 27g needle into the subcutaneous space of immunodeficient 4–6 week old NOD SCID Gamma mice (Jackson, Bar Harbor, MA). All experiments were run with approval from the Stanford University Administrative Panel on Laboratory Animal Care. Establishment of 3-D organotypic tissue. Preparation of devitalized dermis 1. Obtain sheet of split-thickness human skin. This may be obtained from the National Disease

Research Interchange (NDRI, Philadelphia, PA), or alternatively, it may be possible to coordinate with local pathology departments to obtain donor specimens at autopsy.

2. Wash the skin in sterile PBS containing penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin, and incubate at 370C for 7–10 days changing the PBS every 2 days. During this time, the epidermis will separate slightly from the dermis below.

3. Carefully separate the epidermis from dermis with forceps and discard epidermis. 4. Wash dermis with PBS with antibiotics/antimycotics. Freeze the dermis in liquid nitrogen

for 5 minutes, and then thaw rapidly in 37 0C) water bath. Repeat the freeze/thaw cycle 3 times.

5. Incubate dermis submerged in PBS at 40C for 6–12 weeks changing the PBS every 2–3 days. After this time, all cells will be eliminated leaving an acellular collagen-rich scaffold with the intact native BM on one surface. The devitalized dermis can then be frozen for extended storage and thawed as needed.

Assemby of organotypic tissue

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1. Cut devitalized dermis into 1 cm2 square pieces. Place dermis basement membrane side down into 12 well culture plates and allow dermis to dry slightly.

2. Seed 100,000 stromal fibroblasts into each well and return to 37 0C with 5% humidified CO2 for 3–4 days changing media every day. During this time, FB will attach to the dermis and begin to migrate into the tissue.

3. Elevate the dermis with FB to a sterilized annular dermal support (ADS) tissue culture insert device (Supplementary Figure 8), oriented such that the basement membrane is oriented up. There should be sufficient dermal tissue to overlap each edge of the central opening and to keep the tissue suspended. Place the ADS insert with FB loaded dermis into a 6 cm tissue culture plate.

4. Add 5 ml DMEM with 10% FBS to each tissue culture plate, return to tissue culture incubator, and change media every 2 days for 10–14 days. During this time, the FB will continue to migrate deeper throughout the full thickness of the stroma.

Seed epithelial cells onto basement membrane 1. After the fibroblasts have migrated through the dermis, change the media in the stromal

compartment to 5 ml KGM as described previously.4 KGM is a 3:1 mixture of DMEM:Ham’s F12 supplemented with FBS (10%), adenine (1.8 x 10-4 M), hydrocortisone (0.4µg ml-1), insulin (5µg ml-1), cholera toxin (1 x 10-10 M), EGF (10ng ml-1), transferrin (5µg ml-1), and triiodo-L-thyronine (1.36 ng ml-1).

2. Seed epithelial cells onto the BM side at a density of 5x105-1x106 per cm2, in a total volume of 100µl of epithelial cell growth media. Return ADS assembly to incubator.

3. For organotypic skin, allow the 100µl cells in the upper chamber to dry upper chamber to dry, and maintain exposed only to air. Change the KGM in the lower chamber every day. For cervix, esophagus, and oral epithelia, seed the epithelial cells in 100 µl, and return to incubator for 3–4 hours. Then add 1 additional ml KGM (total volume 6ml) to stromal compartment, and 600µl epithelial growth media to upper chamber. Return tissues to incubator, and change media in both upper epithelial and lower stromal chambers each day.

4. For tissues utilizing the inducible ER-HRasG12V construct, tissues were established as detailed above without 4-hydroxytamoxifen. After 4-7 days, Ras was activated by addition of 100nM 4-hydroxytamoxifen, which was replaced each day with the media change.

Assemby of organotypic tissue used for microarray gene expression analysis For tissues that were established for microarray expression analysis, stromal fibroblasts were grown on the bottom on the 6 cm culture plate rather than intercolated into the dermis itself. Fibroblasts grown in this way still communicate with the epithelium via factors secreted into the media, but do not contaminate the epithelial RNA with fibroblast RNA. This arrangement was established in order to obtain a pure epithelial cell gene expression profile, as there is no other way to segregate the fibroblast and epithelial RNA in a mixed sample. Devitalized dermis was prepared as described above, but fibroblasts were not incorporated into the dermis. Epithelial cells were seeded on the basement membrane as detailed above. Fibroblasts (100,000) were seeded on the bottom of the 6 cm plate used for the organotypic culture. Immunofluorescense antibodies Frozen sections were obtained from OTC (Sakura, Torrance, CA) embedded tissue samples and processed according to standard techniques. Antibodies:

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

collagen VII (Chemicon, 1:200 dilution), collagen 4 (Dako 1:500 dilution), loricrin (Covance, 1:200 dilution, keratin 1 (Covance, 1:1000 dilution), filaggrin (Covance, 1:200 dilution,) keratin 5 (Covamce, 1:5000 dilution), involucrin (Sigma, 1:200 dilution), Transglutaminase (Biomedical Technologies, 1:100 dilution), H-Ras (Santa Cruz 1:500), Cdk4 (Cell Signaling, 1:500 dilution). All immunofluorescense images were taken using a Zeiss Axiovert inverted microscope.

Electron microscopy. For transmission electron microscopy, samples were fixed in Karnovsky’s fixative: 2% Glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M Sodium Cacodylate pH 7.4 for 1 hr at Room Temperature (RT) then cut, post fixed in 1% Osmium tetroxide for 1 hr at RT, washed 3X with ultrafiltered water, then en bloc stained for 2 hrs at RT or moved to 4oC overnight. Samples were then dehydrated in a series of ethanol washes for 15 minutes each @ 4oC beginning at 50%, then 70%, 95% where the samples are then allowed to rise to RT, changed to 100% 2X, then Propylene Oxide (PO) for 15 min. Samples are infiltrated with EMbed-812 resin mixed 1:1 with PO for 2 hrs followed by 2 parts EMbed-812 to 1 part PO overnight. The samples are then placed into EMbed-812 for 2 to 4 hours then placed into molds w/labels and fresh resin, orientated and placed into 65o C oven overnight. Sections were taken between 75 and 90nm, picked up on formvar/Carbon coated 75 mesh Cu grids, stained for 20 seconds in 1:1 saturated UrAcetate (~7.7%) in Acetone followed by staining in 0.2% Lead Citrate for 3 to 4 minutes. Observed in the JEOL 1230 TEM at 80kV and photos were taken using a Gatan Multiscan 791 digital camera. For SEM studies Samples were fixed for 1-3 days at 4°C in 4% paraformaldehyde with 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M Sodium cacodylate Buffer (pH7.3) After primary fixation samples were rinsed in the same buffer, post-fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4 for 1h, and dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series (30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 100%, 20min each), followed by critical point drying with liquid CO2 using a Tousimis SAMDRI-VT-3B apparatus (Tousimis, Rockville, MD USA). After mounting onto adhesive carbon film on 15mm flat and 45° angle aluminum stubs, samples were sputter-coated with 100Å gold/palladium using a Denton Desk 11 TSC Sputter Coater. Visualization was carried out with a Hitachi S-3400N VP SEM (Hitachi Ltd, Pleasanton, CA) operated at 10-15kV, working distance 8-10mm, and secondary electron detector. Various tilt and rotation angles were applied to acquire images of the required keratinocyte topography. Microarray analysis. Total RNA was obtained from invasive or control organotypic tissues in which fibroblasts were grown on the lower surface of the tissue culture plate in order to obtain a pure epithelial gene signature. Qiagen RNAEasy fibrous tissue kits were used for RNA isolation. Expression data from Affymetrix U133A 2.0 microarrays was processed with Robust Multichip Analysis (RMA) normalization in GeneSpring GX 10.0 (Agilent Technologies). Genes were then filtered for expression values of >100 in at least one of the samples. Significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) with a 2-fold minimum fold change identified 483 genes differentially expressed between organotypic neoplasia and corresponding normal control organotypic tissue (FDR <0.03). For display, expression values for each gene were mean centered across all of the invasive and normal control arrays and hierarchical clustering was carried out with the Cluster software and displayed with Treeview software.5 To identify the genes reverted by U0126, we determined in which of the differentially expressed genes U0126 treatment reverted greater than 50% of the magnitude of the invasion-associated expression change. The relative expression of these reverted genes in previously published expression profiles of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma relative to adjacent normal tissue5are shown

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

in Fig. 4 using Cluster and Treeview software. Gene set enrichment analysis of the invasion signature for Gene Ontology (GO) terms was performed using DAVID6,7. Pearson correlation coefficients and their p-values were calculated using Winstat (R. Fitch Software). Quantitative transcriptome analysis. Each of the approximately 750 data points in each of the radar plots in Figure 4d and supplemental Figures 7a-d was calculated individually using Excel to quantitate the degree of correlation between gene expression changes in spontaneous tumors and SCC model systems models. For each individual spontaneous human SCC tumor (Figure 4d, Supplemental Figure 7a,b) we used Genespring to identify genes that changed 2-fold compared to matched normal tissue from the same study. This resulted in 22 separate data sets (22 separate gene lists with relative expression values for each tumor). The relative expression of each of the genes from the first data set (tumor #1) was then determined in each of the models (3D organotypic culture, 2D culture of keratinocytes used to generate the 3D organotypic tissue, 2D culture of SCC cell lines, an in vivo tissue model in which regenerated organotypic Ras expressing human skin was grafted onto the back skin of a living mouse where it develops into invasive tissue modeling SCC, and a second independent set of spontaneous human SCC tumors), by comparing its expression in the model to its expression in the corresponding normal control sample in each model. Using these values, we generated an expanded data set containing the relative gene expression values in the spontaneous tumor, as well as in each model system, for each of the differentially regulated genes initially identified in the starting spontaneous tumor. The degree to which the gene expression changes in the starting tumor sample were reflected in each of the models was determined quantitatively by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient using Excel and Winstat. These values were plotted on the radar graph. This process was then repeated 21 times for each human SCC tumor in Figure 4d/Supplemental Figure 7a. To validate these findings, the analysis was then repeated for the 16 tumors in a second independent set of spontaneous human SCCs. This data is presented in Supplementary Figure 7b, and results were very similar to those seen with the initial SCC tumor set. The analysis revealed that the gene changes in the human tumors are reflected in the 3D organotypic model, but not in 2D conditions. To complement this initial analysis, and to further validate the physiologic relevance of the 3D organotypic model, we performed a similar analysis to determine the degree to which gene expression changes in the models were reflected in the spontaneous tumors. As above, we first determined the genes that were changed more than 2-fold in invasive organotypic tissues compared to LacZ control organotypic tissues. Using the same approach detailed above, we then determined the relative expression of each of these genes in each of the model systems, which included the 2 spontaneous tumor sets (a total of 22+16 = 38 human tumors). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated as above and plotted on the radar graphs in Supplementary Figure 7c,d.

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265

SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS REFERENCES 1. Choate, K.A., Kinsella, T.M., Williams, M.L., Nolan, G.P. & Khavari, P.A.

Transglutaminase 1 delivery to lamellar ichthyosis keratinocytes. Hum Gene Ther 7, 2247-2253 (1996).

2. Robbins, P.B., et al. In vivo restoration of laminin 5 beta 3 expression and function in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98, 5193-5198 (2001).

3. Lazarov, M., et al. CDK4 coexpression with Ras generates malignant human epidermal tumorigenesis. Nat Med 8, 1105-1114 (2002).

4. Truong, A.B., Kretz, M., Ridky, T.W., Kimmel, R. & Khavari, P.A. p63 regulates proliferation and differentiation of developmentally mature keratinocytes. Genes Dev 20, 3185-3197 (2006).

5. Eisen, M.B., Spellman, P.T., Brown, P.O. & Botstein, D. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 14863-14868 (1998).

Nature Medicine: doi:10.1038/nm.2265