Nature of Science (Intro)

7/28/2019 Nature of Science (Intro)

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Nature of Science


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CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE

1. Scientific knowledge is tentative

2. Science also has its limitations

3. Science Demands Evidence

4. Science Explains and Predicts

5. Science Is Not Authoritarian


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Scientific Process

Steps in Problem solving using thescientific method

1. Observation

2. Problem

3. Data gathering

4. Hypothesis

5. Experimentation

6. conclusion


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ANSWER TO ACTIVITY 2

Scientific Process

1. Experimental Design

2. Mystery Box


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Problem:

A drug manufacturer wants to test the effectiveness of drug X in

preventing the outbreak of viral diseases, their research involves

giving drug X to a certain group of people, while another groupreceives a placebo.

1. Which is the control group? Why? (2pts)

The people who received the placebo because they did not receive the

factor being tested

2. Which is the experimental group? Why? (2 pts)

The people who received the drug X because they are the ones who

receives the factor being tested

3. Dependent variable? Independent variable? (2pts)

The dependent variable is the outbreak of viral disease while the

independent variable is the effectiveness of drug X.


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4. Why is hypothesis considered an intellectual guess? (2pts)

It an intellectual guess because it was based on facts and gathered

related literature about the study or research.

5. Why is there a need to have a control group in an experimental

design? (2pts)

A control group is important because it serves as a basis for

comparison.

6. How do you differentiate theories from hypothesis? (2pts)

Theories are approved hypothesis while hypothesis is a temporary

answer to a question that scientists chosen to investigate

7. What is a falsifiable hypothesis? Give an example. (2pts)

A falsifiable hypothesis means that must be a way to test if the

hypothesis is false or not.

Ex: If a bath a dozen cat, a storm will come.


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MYSTERY BOX

Observations:

The box is made of a thick cardboard measuring 1

meter from all sides. It weighs 20Kg.

1. List the possible content of the box. Pick one from

among the many objects you listed. (2pts)

2. Explain why you picked that object as a possible

content of the box (Possible Hypothesis) (1pt)


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MYSTERY BOX

3. Outline the procedure or method that will enable

you to test your hypothesis. Give a summary of

your experimental design that will help you

determine if your hypothesis is correct? (5pts)

4. If the result does not agree with your guess, what

will you do? (1pt)

5. Give at least three scientific attitudes that you

exhibited in trying to guess the content of the

mystery box. Explain how these traits help you in

guessing correctly the content of the mystery box.

(3pts)


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MATHEMATICS IN SCIENCE


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SI =Systeme International dUnites.

based on the metric system of measurement

that was developed by France. ideal because it is a decimal system.

Simple relations exist between units and

equivalents and they are expressed inmultiples of 10.

SI is consist of a set of units together with a

set of prefixes.


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SEVEN SI BASE UNITS

Quantity Name Symbol

Mass kilogram kg

Time second s

Length meter m

Electrical current ampere A

Temperature kelvin KAmount of substance mole mol

Luminous intensity candela cd


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TABLE OF PREFIXES USED IN SI

UNITS

Prefix Abbreviatio

n

Exponential

expression

Decimal

Expression

Mega M 106 1,000,000

Kilo K 103

1,000Hekto H 102 100

Deka da 101 10

Deci d 10-1 0.1

Centi c 10-2 0.01

Milli m 10-3 0.001

Micro 10-6 0.000001

nano n 10-9

0.000000001


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English system

1 in = 2.54 cm

1 ft = 0.3 m

1 yrd = 0.91 m

1 mi = 1.61 km1 ml = 1cm3

1 liq quart = 0.95 L

1 dry quart = 1.10 L1 gal = 3.80 L

1oz = 28.35 g

1lbs = 0.45 kg


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ASSIGNMENTRead articles on the recent developments of our

science and technology:

On a 1 whole sheet of paper, answer the following

questions.

1. What are the benefits that we get from technology?2. What are the different disadvantages of technology?

3. Will you support industrialization or not? Justify

your answer.

Prepare for a SHORT chapter test next meeting. BRING

YOUR TEXTBOOK


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REFERENCES

Consulta Francisco, Ma. Teresa

and Francisco, Levi, Physical

Science, Ta-Orbitz publication,

2009.

Conceptual Physical Science, 2nd

Edition, Hewitt, Paul et. Al.,

Addison_Wesley Publishing Co.

Inc., 1999.

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Nature of Science (Intro)