NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL - · PDF filenaval ships’ technical manual chapter 655 laundry and dry cleaning this chapter supersedes chapter 655r1 dated 28 feb 1998 distribution

NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL

CHAPTER 655LAUNDRY AND DRY

CLEANING

THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 655R1 DATED 28 FEB 1998

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENTAGENCIES AND THEIR CONTRACTORS: ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL USE(XX 19XX). OTHER REQUEST SHALL BE REFERRED TO THE NAVAL SEA SYSTEMSCOMMAND, (SEA 043).

WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TECHNICAL DATA WHOSE EXPORT ISRESTRICTED BY THE ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT (TITLE 22, U.S.C. SEC. 2751 ET.SEQ.) OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 12470. VIOLATIONS OF THESE EXPORT LAWS ARESUBJECT TO SEVERE CRIMINAL PENALTIES.

DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLO-SURE OF CONTENTS OR REPRODUCTION OF THIS DOCUMENT.

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PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND

31 DEC 2000

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter/Paragraph Page

655 LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-1

SECTION 1 FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-1

655-1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-1

655-1.2 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-1655-1.2.1 Manning.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-1655-1.2.2 Supervision.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-1655-1.2.3 Scheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-1655-1.2.4 Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-2655-1.2.5 Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-2655-1.2.6 Industrial Hygiene. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-2655-1.2.7 Environmental Compliance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-2655-1.2.8 Training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-3655-1.2.9 Heat Stress.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-3

655-1.2.9.1 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-3655-1.2.9.2 Conditions and Causes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-3655-1.2.9.3 Acclimation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-3655-1.2.9.4 Monitoring.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-3655-1.2.9.5 Recommendations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-3

655-1.3 HABITABILITY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-4655-1.3.1 Submarine Self Service Laundry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-4655-1.3.2 Surface Ship Self Service Laundry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-4655-1.3.3 Surface Ship Institutional Laundry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-4655-1.3.4 Surface Ship Dry Cleaning.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-5655-1.3.5 Unauthorized Installations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-5

655-1.4 LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-5655-1.4.1 Self Service Laundry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-5655-1.4.2 Institutional Laundry.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-6

655-1.4.2.1 Receiving Bulk Lots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-6655-1.4.2.2 Receiving Individual Bundles.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-7655-1.4.2.3 Identification.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-7

655-1.4.2.3.1Laundry Marks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-7655-1.4.2.3.2Laundry Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-8

655-1.4.2.4 Wash Cycle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-8655-1.4.2.4.1Standard Navy Wash Formula Classifications.. . . . 655-8

655-1.4.2.5 Drying and Finishing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-9655-1.4.2.6 Assembly and Issue.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-11

655-1.4.2.6.1Assembling Bulk Lots.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-11655-1.4.2.6.2Assembling Individual Bundles. . . . . . . . . . . . 655-11

655-1.4.2.7 Quality Assurance.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-11655-1.4.2.7.1Sendbacks and Claims.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-11

655-1.4.3 Dry Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12

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TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued


655-1.4.3.1 Receipt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12655-1.4.3.2 Identification and Marking.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12655-1.4.3.3 Grouping and Classification.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12655-1.4.3.4 Inspection.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12655-1.4.3.5 Pre-spotting.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-12655-1.4.3.6 Dry Cleaning Cycle.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-13655-1.4.3.7 Assembling and Issuing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-13

655-1.5 ARRANGEMENT AND OUTFITTING REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-13

SECTION 2 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17

655-2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17

655-2.2 REQUISITION OF EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17655-2.2.1 Equipment Catalog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17655-2.2.2 Commercial Item Descriptions.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17655-2.2.3 Federal Acquisition Regulations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-17655-2.2.4 Sole Source.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-18655-2.2.5 Local Procurement.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-18655-2.2.6 Modular Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-18

655-2.3 EQUIPMENT SELECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-18655-2.3.1 Laundry Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-19655-2.3.2 Dry Cleaning Equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-21

655-2.4 WASHER-EXTRACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-21655-2.4.1 35 to 200 Pound Capacity; Institutional.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-22655-2.4.2 16 to 20 Pound Capacity; Institutional.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-24655-2.4.3 14 to 18 Pound Capacity; Self Service.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-26655-2.4.4 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-27

655-2.4.4.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-29655-2.4.5 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-30

655-2.4.5.1 Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-31655-2.4.6 Maintenance Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-32

655-2.5 TUMBLER-DRYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-32655-2.5.1 50 to 100 Pound Capacity; Institutional.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-33655-2.5.2 16 to 20 Pound Capacity; Institutional.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-35655-2.5.3 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-36



655-2.5.5.1 Lint Traps and Heating Coils.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-41655-2.5.5.2 Fire Hazards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-41

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655-2.6 LAUNDRY FINISHING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-42655-2.6.1 Laundry Presses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-42

655-2.6.1.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-43655-2.6.1.1.1Post-Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . 655-44

655-2.6.1.2 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-45655-2.6.1.2.1Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . 655-46

655-2.6.1.3 Maintenance Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-46655-2.6.1.3.1Cleaning Press Heads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-46655-2.6.1.3.2Changing Pads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-46

655-2.6.2 Flatwork Ironers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-47655-2.6.2.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-48

655-2.6.2.1.1Post-Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . 655-48655-2.6.2.2 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-49

655-2.6.2.2.1Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . 655-51655-2.6.2.3 Maintenance Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-51

655-2.6.2.3.1Waxing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-51655-2.6.2.3.2Ribbons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-51655-2.6.2.3.3Return Ribbon Friction Material.. . . . . . . . . . . 655-51655-2.6.2.3.4Pads and Covers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-51

655-2.7 DRY CLEANING MACHINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-52655-2.7.1 20 Pound Capacity; Closed Circuit.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-52655-2.7.2 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-54



655-2.8 DRY CLEANING FINISHING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-58655-2.8.1 Utility Presses.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-58

655-2.8.1.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-59655-2.8.1.1.1Post-Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . 655-59

655-2.8.1.2 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-60655-2.8.1.2.1Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . 655-61

655-2.8.1.3 Maintenance Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-62655-2.8.2 Spotting Boards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-62

655-2.8.2.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-62655-2.8.2.2 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-62

655-2.8.3 Pant Topper and Form Finishers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-63655-2.8.3.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-64

655-2.8.3.1.1Post-Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . 655-64655-2.8.3.2 Operational Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-64

655-2.8.3.2.1Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . 655-65655-2.8.4 Vacuum Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-65

655-2.8.4.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-66655-2.8.4.1.1Post Installation Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . 655-66

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655-2.9 SEWING MACHINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-66655-2.9.1 Installation Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-66


655-2.9.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-67

SECTION 3 USE AND CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69

655-3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69

655-3.2 FABRIC TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.2.1 Natural Fabrics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.2.2 Synthetic Fabrics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.2.3 Blended Fabrics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69

655-3.3 TYPES OF SOIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.3.1 Chemical-Soluble Soils.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.3.2 Water-Soluble Soils.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-69655-3.3.3 Insoluble Soils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-70655-3.3.4 Special Soils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-70

655-3.4 FABRIC CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-70655-3.4.1 Care Label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-70655-3.4.2 Common Wash Problems.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-70655-3.4.3 Standard Navy Wash Formulas.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-73655-3.4.4 Polyester.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-73655-3.4.5 Wool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-73

655-3.5 STAIN REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-74655-3.5.1 Stain Treatment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-74655-3.5.2 Stain Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-75655-3.5.3 Spotting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-77

655-3.6 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAUNDERING CHEMICAL PROTECTIVECLOTHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-78

655-3.6.1 Chemical Protective Overgarment (CPO).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-78655-3.6.2 Advanced Chemical Protective Garments (ACPG).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-79

655-3.6.2.1 ACPG Washing Procedures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-80655-3.6.2.2 ACPG Drying Procedures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-80655-3.6.2.3 ACPG Wear Time and Inspection Record.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-81

655-3.7 LAUNDRY CHEMICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-81655-3.7.1 Powdered Detergent/Oxygen Bleach.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-81655-3.7.2 Sour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-81655-3.7.3 Solid Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-82655-3.7.4 Starch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-82655-3.7.5 Storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-82

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655-3.8 DRY CLEANING CHEMICALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-82655-3.8.1 Operating with Perchloroethylene.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-82

655-3.8.1.1 Washing-Extract Step.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-83655-3.8.1.2 Drying Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-83655-3.8.1.3 Filtration.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-84655-3.8.1.4 Distillation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-84

655-3.8.2 Safety and Health Considerations.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-84655-3.8.2.1 Routes of Exposure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-84

655-3.8.2.1.1Inhalation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-84655-3.8.2.1.2Skin Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-85655-3.8.2.1.3Eye Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-85655-3.8.2.1.4Ingestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-85

655-3.8.2.2 Effects of Exposure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-85655-3.8.2.3 Reducing Exposure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-85655-3.8.2.4 First Aid Treatment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-86

655-3.9 Laundry and Dry Cleaning Supplies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-86

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

655-1-1 STANDARD NAVY WASH FORMULAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-10

655-2-1 WASHER-EXTRACTOR AND TUMBLER-DRYER PER ACCOMMODATIONLEVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-20

655-2-2 LAUNDRY PRESSES PER ACCOMMODATION LEVEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-20

655-2-3 DRY CLEANING EQUIPMENT PER ACCOMMODATION LEVEL . . . . . . . . 655-21

655-2-4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . 655-29

655-2-5 TUMBLER-DRYER DRYING EFFICIENCY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-34






655-3-1 COMMON WASHING PROBLEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-71

655-3-2 GENERAL STAIN REMOVAL GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655-76

655-3-3 SHIPBOARD LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING SUPPLIES. . . . . . . . . . . . 655-87

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Title Page

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CHAPTER 655

LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING

SECTION 1

FACILITIES

655-1.1 INTRODUCTION

Shipboard laundry and dry cleaning services are provided in support of the Navy’s overall mission. Whenmanaged and operated properly these services provide shipboard personnel with living and working conditionsthat contributes to a high state of crew morale, enhances general health and comfort, sustains maximum person-nel effectiveness and improves personnel retention. It is the responsibility of the ship’s supply officer to providelaundry and dry cleaning services for the crew. This responsibility is normally delegated to a junior Supply Corpsofficer and his subordinates. This section contains administrative and technical information pertaining to operat-ing policies and procedures, safety, shipboard design criteria, and general arrangement and outfitting require-ments.

655-1.2 POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The general policies and procedures for shipboard self service laundry, institutional laundry and dry cleaningfacilities vary depending on the accommodation level and the type of facility installed.

655-1.2.1 Manning. Personnel are assigned to the laundry and dry cleaning facilities from the ship’s SHcomplement. The allowance of rated personnel is based on the assumption that supplemental TAD and nondes-ignated Seaman, particularly on larger ships, will be required to efficiently man and operate these facilities. Theorganization of a ship’s laundry and dry cleaning facilities vary with the size of the ship. On a smaller ship, suchas a CG or DDG, a Second Class Petty Officer may be assigned as the laundry supervisor with two Third ClassPetty Officers or Seaman assigned as laundry personnel. These three individuals are responsible for the entirelaundry operation. Larger ships on the other hand may have First Class Petty Officers assigned as shift supervi-sors and up to 30 SHs, Seaman and TAD personnel assigned to the laundry and dry cleaning facilities. Theassigned personnel may be designated to a specific laundry work station such as receiving, washing and drying,finishing, or issuing or be assigned to the dry cleaning operation. Individuals may be moved from time to timeto other stations based on workload and to provide training and experience.

655-1.2.2 Supervision. Laundry and dry cleaning responsibility generally come under the direct supervision ofa Ship’s Serviceman First or Second Class Petty Officer(s). The chain of command reporting to the ship’s sup-ply officer typically includes the division LCPO, disbursing or sales officer, and services officer on larger ships.The Ship’s Serviceman supervising the laundry and dry cleaning operation is responsible for maintaining sup-plies, ensuring the compartment is clean and the equipment is in proper working condition, training and assign-ing laundry personnel, and maintaining workflow and quality standards.

655-1.2.3 Scheduling. The laundry supervisor is responsible for administering the schedule approved by theship’s sales or disbursing officer. The schedule should include in-port and underway hours of operation and spe-cific times for receiving and issuing laundry. In order to maintain a balanced and efficient work flow the sched-ule should also include specific assigned day(s) when each division(s) may have their laundry processed. A laun-dry generally operates in 8 hour shifts. Depending on the size of the ship, the workload and available manpower,

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a laundry may operate up to three shifts a day. Due to a variety of factors, such as equipment down time andmanpower shortages, it is very common for ships to operate 24 hours per day and seven days per week whileunderway.

655-1.2.4 Security. The laundry and dry cleaning facilities are designated as Group IV spaces. The keys to thefacilities should be handled as outlined in NAVSUP P-487. The security of the laundry and dry cleaning facili-ties is the responsibility of all laundry personnel to protect against the loss of clothing and supplies, and damageto equipment due to misuse and unauthorized use. Unauthorized use of equipment by untrained personnel mayresult in injury, damage to equipment and possibly fires.

655-1.2.5 Safety. Safety is the uppermost important aspect of daily shipboard laundry and dry cleaning opera-tions. Prior to operating laundry and dry cleaning equipment the operator should observe the following generalsafety requirements:

a. Become familiar with the location and availability of emergency equipment (i.e. eyewash stations, fire extin-guishers, etc).

b. Become familiar with emergency egress routes.

c. Ensure the work area around equipment is dry and clear of obstructions.

d. Ensure work area is properly illuminated.

e. Become familiar with all equipment safety features described inSection 2and the equipment technical manu-als and adhere to all posted equipment operating and safety precautions.

f. Do not allow unauthorized personnel to operate equipment.

g. Ensure all safety guards are in place and all safety and interlocking devices are operating properly.

h. Keep hands, body and clothing away from moving parts at all times.

655-1.2.5.1 Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST5100.19C, Vol II, Chapter C20 contains additional safety precautions for shipboard laundry and dry cleaningequipment and facilities. In addition, equipment technical manuals list specific safety precautions as well as safetyfeatures. The laundry supervisor is responsible for ensuring all laundry personnel are aware of and follow allestablished safe working procedures and precautions. Seeparagraph 655-3.8.2for specific safety and health con-siderations concerning perchloroethylene (dry cleaning solvent).

655-1.2.6 Industrial Hygiene. The mission of the ship’s laundry and dry cleaning facilities is to produce cleanclothing under sanitary conditions. The ship’s medical officer or senior Hospital Corpsman should inspect laun-dry and dry cleaning operation to ensure they comply with the sanitary requirements of NAVMED P-5010-2,Manual of Naval Preventive Medicine, Chapter 2, Sanitation of Living Spaces and Related Service Facilities.

655-1.2.7 Environmental Compliance. The Navy’s environmental compliance policies and procedures appli-cable to afloat units are outlined in Environmental and Natural Resource Program Manual, OPNAVINSTR5090.1B CH-2, Chapter 19. It is the responsibility of the commanding officer to ensure compliance with theguidelines, standards, and procedures of OPNAVINSTR 5090.1B.

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655-1.2.8 Training. For supplemental training information not contain herein see Ship’s Serviceman 3 TrainingManual, NAVEDTRA 10176. Before operating equipment all personnel should complete the current PersonnelQualification Standards for Shipboard Laundry Equipment.

655-1.2.9 Heat Stress. The Navy’s heat stress program is outlined in Navy Occupational Safety and Health(NAVOSH) Program Manual for Forces Afloat, OPNAVINST 5100.19C CH-2, Volume 1, Chapter B2. It is theresponsibility of the commanding officer to establish and enforce an effective heat stress policy that ensures com-pliance with the requirements of OPNAVINST 5100.19C.

655-1.2.9.1 Definition. Heat stress is caused by any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humid-ity, air flow, and workload that may stress the body as it attempts to regulate body temperature. Adherence tomaximum heat exposure guidelines can prevent or reduce the adverse physiological effects of heat stress. Addi-tionally, sufficient recovery time in a cool environment will help reverse the harmful effects of heat stress. Heatstress becomes excessive when the body’s ability to adjust is exceeded, resulting in increased deep body tem-perature. This condition can cause fatigue, rash, cramps (particularly in the extremities and abdomen), profusesweating, dehydration, tingling in the extremities, pallor, rapid heartbeat, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, andpoor physical and mental performance in affected personnel. As body temperature continues to rise (due to pro-longed exposure), heat injuries (e.g., heat exhaustion or heat stroke) may occur resulting in severe impairment ofthe body’s temperature regulating ability and possible death. Recognizing personnel heat-stress symptoms andobtaining prompt medical attention for affected personnel is the responsibility of all hands.

655-1.2.9.2 Conditions and Causes. While heat stress conditions can occur in practically any space or area onboard a ship, laundries are one of the most likely places to have the conditions that may cause heat stress. Causesof heat stress conditions include operations in hot and humid climates, arduous physical tasks, steam and hotwater leaks, missing or deteriorated thermal insulation, ventilation system deficiencies and clogged lint filters. Inaddition, other factor that reduce physical stamina and enhance susceptibility to heat stress illness are dehydra-tion, lack of sleep, illness, use of medication, drugs and alcohol, and the presence of atmospheric contaminatessuch as combustion gases or fuel vapors.

655-1.2.9.3 Acclimation. In most individuals, appropriate repeated exposure to heat stress causes a series ofphysiologic adaptations called acclimatization, whereby the body becomes more efficient in coping with the heatstress. An acclimatized individual can tolerate a greater heat stress before a harmful level of heat strain occurs.Personnel acquire heat acclimatization only gradually, being fully achieved over a three or four week level ofsustained physical activity. Therefore, unassimilated individuals may increase their risk of incurring acute adversehealth effects from exposure to harmful levels of heat stress.

655-1.2.9.4 Monitoring. Dry-bulb thermometers shall be installed in the laundry and dry cleaning spaces IAWparagraph B0204b(1) of OPNAVINST 5100.19C. Temperatures shall be monitored and recorded IAW paragraphsB0204b(3) and (4) of OPNAVINST 5100.19C.

655-1.2.9.5 Recommendations. Personnel working in heat stress environments should adhere to the followingrecommendations:

a. Drink more water than satisfies the thirst. Do not wait until you are thirsty. It is important that personnel stayhydrated.

b. Eat three well balanced meals a day.

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c. Get adequate rest. At least six hours of continuous sleep per 24 hours is recommended.

d. Wear clean clothing composed of at least 35 percent cotton (more natural fiber content allows more effectiveevaporation of water from clothing).

e. Do not take salt tablets.

f. Limit intake of caffeinated drinks.

g. Do not drink commercially prepared electrolyte supplements in place of water.

655-1.3 HABITABILITY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

The basic habitability design criteria for shipboard laundry and dry cleaning facilities is set forth in Ship-board Habitability Program, OPNAVINST 9640.1A and reiterated herein.

655-1.3.1 Submarine Self Service Laundry. Submarines shall be provided with a self service laundry facilityon the basis of one 16-20 pound capacity washer and one 16-20 pound capacity dryer, per each 100 accommo-dations or fraction thereof and at least one hand iron and one ironing board.

655-1.3.2 Surface Ship Self Service Laundry. Surface ships with 100 or fewer accommodations shall be pro-vided with a self-service laundry facility to include at least one 16-20 pound capacity washer, one 16-20 poundcapacity dryer, 3 hand irons, and 3 ironing boards.

655-1.3.2.1 Surface ships with more than 100 accommodations may be provided with self service laundry facili-ties for processing civilian attire. If such facilities are installed, they shall be located in a dedicated space and ina separate location from the ship’s institutional laundry and in no way augment it’s required capacity. As a mini-mum, one washer and one dryer shall be provided per each 300 accommodations or fraction thereof (based on a22 hours per day, 7 days per week operating schedule). Whenever practical, the ratio of dryer capacity to washercapacity shall be 150 percent (i.e. 3 dryers for every 2 washers). Equipment shall be non-stackable, commercialgrade as approved by the Life Cycle Equipment Manager. Equipment and facilities shall incorporate all shipboardsupporting systems design criteria.

655-1.3.3 Surface Ship Institutional Laundry. Surface ships with more than 100 accommodations shall be pro-vided with a institutional laundry facility capable of processing a minimum of 24 pounds per week per accom-modation within a 96 hour work week based on the following requirements:

a. One change of work clothing, underwear, and socks per accommodation per day and one towel per accom-modation per day.

b. One change of officer and CPO messroom linen per table per day.

c. Medical/dental laundry, cook smocks, hats, and aprons, and barber smocks on a daily basis.

d. Berthing linen on a weekly basis, and woolen blankets on a quarterly basis.

e. Flight deck items capable of being laundered and contaminated medical items as required.

f. Finish press seven work uniform shirts and trousers/skirts per officer and CPO/SNCO accommodation perweek.

655-1.3.3.1 Holding space shall be provided for stowing incoming and outgoing laundry.

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655-1.3.3.2 Tenders and repair ships shall have institutional laundry capacities capable of supplementing facili-ties of two tended ships in addition to the requirements of their own ship’s company.

655-1.3.3.3 Irons, ironing boards and stowage shall be provided in all crew/troop berthing spaces.

655-1.3.4 Surface Ship Dry Cleaning. Surface ships with more than 100 accommodations shall have, as aminimum, dry cleaning press capability sufficient to finish press one dress uniform per accommodation permonth. Surface ships with more than 4,000 accommodations shall be provided with a dry cleaning facilitycapable of processing 3 pounds per accommodation per month within a 96 hour work week. The dry cleaningfacility shall be installed in a dedicated compartment separate from the institutional laundry, however when prac-tical, it should be adjacent to the manned laundry facility so that a common receiving and issuing access area isprovided. Dry cleaning finishing equipment shall be in the same compartment as the dry cleaning machine. How-ever, dry cleaning finishing equipment may also be installed in the same compartment as the laundry finishingequipment so that the dry cleaning press(es) may supplement the laundry presses to finish press laundered Cer-tified Navy Twill (CNT) garments. CNT may be easily damaged on a hot head laundry press if improperlypressed. On ships without a dedicated dry cleaning facility, one general utility dry cleaning press and vacuumunit, or one modified hot head laundry press on ships with all electric laundries, shall be installed in the laundrycompartment to press CNTs and wool. The modified electric hot head press shall have a grid plate installed onthe head and the head and buck thermostats shall be reduced to prevent shining or melting of the fabric.

655-1.3.4.1 All ships with a dry cleaning plant shall have a adequately vented stowage tank for dry cleaningfluid.

655-1.3.4.2 Deck drains shall not be located inside coaming areas of the dry cleaning plant.

655-1.3.4.3 Exhaust ventilation in dry cleaning plants shall incorporate all ventilation design criteria in accor-dance with NAVSEA 0938-LP-018-0010.

655-1.3.5 Unauthorized Installations. Any configuration change or alteration to a ship is prohibited as definedin OPNAVINST 4720.93 without approval from the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) or the Naval Sea SystemsCommand (NAVSEA). Alterations to manned laundry or dry cleaning spaces or requests to redesignate the usageof existing spaces to self-service laundries must be accomplished using an approved K or D Ship Alteration(SHIPALT), Alteration Equivalent to a Repair (AER), or Ship Alteration Repair Package (SARP). Approvedalterations ensure proper configuration control, correct installation, proper logistic support, changes to documen-tation are made, all possible affected ships are identified, and that appropriate funding is set aside to accomplishthe alteration. The installation of stackable washer/dryers in manned laundry spaces or approved self-servicelaundries is prohibited as is the installation of commercial laundry equipment in unauthorized compartments suchas sanitary spaces, wardrooms, pantries, FLAG/C.O. quarters, etc.

655-1.4 LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING PROCESS

Self-service laundry, institutional laundry and dry cleaning processes vary depending on the accommodationlevel and type of facility installed.

655-1.4.1 Self Service Laundry. On submarines and surface ships with 100 or fewer accommodations eachindividual is generally responsible for washing their own uniforms, linens and civilian attire in the self-servicelaundry. Submarines may designate a single individual or″Laundry Queen″ who is responsible for the crew’s

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laundering. Shirts and dungarees are usually done separately from the whites which may result in at least twoloads per individual per week. Finishing is done by each individual on ironing boards located within the laundryor living spaces.

655-1.4.1.1 On surface ships with more than 100 accommodations each individual may wash his/her own civil-ian attire in the self-service laundry, should one be provided. If properly outfitted with equipment in accordancewith paragraph 655-1.3.2.1, the self-service laundry facility should be capable of processing a minimum of oneload per accommodation per week. The self-service laundry is for civilian clothes only and is not intended toaugment or reduce the workload of the institutional laundry. In order to maintain the integrity and reliability ofthe self-service laundry specific administrative controls must be invoked and adhered to. These are generally leftto the discretion of the ship and may include:

a. Establishing an operating schedule (i.e. hours and a weekly rotating schedule by division).

b. On large ships assigning a rotating watch to allocate machines usage, monitor the number, size and types ofloads (i.e. no uniforms, blankets, oily rags) and submit trouble calls.

c. Assigning responsibility for daily cleaning of the equipment and compartment.

d. Assigning responsibility for maintenance and repair of the equipment.

655-1.4.2 Institutional Laundry. The institutional laundry on ships with more than 100 accommodations hasfour basic areas; receiving, wash/dry, finishing, and issuing areas. The issuing and receiving areas on larger shipsshould be segregated, however, on smaller ships they may be adjacent to each other. The institutional laundryshould be arranged in an efficient manner utilizing an assembly line process in order to maximize production.Due to different handling practices and uniform materials, the laundering process for crew and troops (E-6 andbelow) is slightly different from that of Chief Petty Officer (CPO’s) and Officer. Articles to be laundered aredelivered to the institutional laundry either in bulk lots or in individual bundles. The receiving SH is responsiblefor inspecting, logging, marking and classifying all lots and bundles delivered to the laundry. Classification is theprocess of separating laundry according to color, fabric type, and degree of soil according to the wash formulasto be used (seeparagraph 655-1.4.2.4.1).

655-1.4.2.1 Receiving Bulk Lots. Bulk lots include combined divisional laundry (the crew’s personal clothing,towels and bed linen), flatwork (table cloths and stateroom bed linens) and organizational gear (medical/dentallaundry, cook’s aprons and barber’s smocks). Crew and troop dirty clothing is stowed in common soiled clotheslockers within the berthing compartments. This clothing is bagged in separate bulk laundry bags for whites andblues and is transported to the laundry by the designated compartment cleaner. Upon receipt the SH shouldinspect the bags to ensure the divisional name is stenciled on each bag in large letters, weight the bag and ensureit does not exceed the rated capacity of the washer-extractors, and ensure whites, blues and/or blankets are notmixed. Following inspection the SH should classify, mark and carefully log in the laundry. The bulk log shouldinclude the following:

a. Div/Dept - Identifies ownership of laundry.

b. No. of Bags - Indicates number of bags turned in.

c. White, Dungarees, Other (WT) - Indicates the total weight of each item by category.

d. Signature Blocks - Acknowledges delivery/receipt and issue/pick-up of laundry.

e. Dates - Indicates dates of receipt and issue.

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f. Remarks/Comments - Any other pertinent information.

655-1.4.2.2 Receiving Individual Bundles. Individual bundles of officer and CPO personal laundry, assembledin mesh bags, are transported to the laundry by Food Service Attendants (FSA). Small non-sorted items, such assocks and underwear, should be contained in individual mesh bags. Bundles are combined and classified intosingle lots. The number of bundles assembled into one lot is determined by the classification of the items in thebundles. An individual lot should not consist of more than 50 bundles. Upon receipt of individual bundles the SHshould verify a Ship’s Store Laundry List is included with each bundle, classify, assemble bundles into individuallots, mark and carefully log in the laundry. The press deck log should include the following:

a. Name - Identifies ownership of laundry.

b. Laundry Mark - Identifies individual owner using first letter of last name and last four digits of social secu-rity number.

c. No. of Shirts - Indicates total shirts received.

d. No. of Trousers - Indicates total trousers received.

e. Other - Identifies miscellaneous items received.

f. No. of Underwear - Identifies total pieces of underwear and T-shirts.

g. Signature Blocks - Acknowledges delivery/receipt and issue/pick-up of laundry.

h. Dates - Indicates dates of receipt and issue.

i. Remarks/Comments - Any other pertinent information.

655-1.4.2.3 Identification. One of the main problems in the laundry is the loss of clothing. Adherence to a goodsystem of identification will prevent the loss or misplacement of clothing during the workflow process. There maybe several personnel handling the clothing and proper identification is essential in preventing loss. There are twotypes of laundry identifications; laundry marks and laundry lists. The actual method of identification depends onwhether the articles are received in bulk lots or individual bundles, the types of articles and the method of laun-dering. The clothing delivered to the laundry should already be individually marked. Each person is responsiblefor ensuring his or her own clothing is properly stenciled using a white or black indelible marking pen or has anembroidered name tape. The Navy Uniform Regulations requires enlisted personnel (E6 and below) to mark theirmilitary uniforms (blue chambray shirts, dungarees trousers, working coveralls and blue utility jackets) withembroidered name tapes. Embroidered name tapes are to be made of the exact fabric as the garment to which itis applied. Enlisted personnel may obtain embroidered name tapes from the Uniform Support Center (USC) bymail, phone, fax or SALTS. Ordering forms are available at the local Navy Exchange. Proper stenciling orembroidering is mandatory and improves the identification of personal laundry to ensure proper distribution andwill reduce the number of laundry claims. The Navy Uniform Regulations Manual contains guidance and proce-dures for stenciling various articles and the prescribed location.

655-1.4.2.3.1 Laundry Marks. When a bulk lot is accepted in the laundry it must be properly identified fromstart to finish. Individual items in the bulk lot do not have to be identified but some means of identification isrequired for each bulk lot, or portion, so it can be identified during any phase of the laundering process. Identi-fication of bulk lots is accomplished first by ensuring the laundry bag is stenciled with the divisional name inlarge letters and remains with the bulk lot during the entire laundering process. The bag should be hung on or bythe washer-extractor or tumbler-dryer. Also, markers made of small pieces of duck fabric and stenciled with thedepartments or divisions should be placed with the bulk lot when delivered to the laundry. The same marker canbe used week to week. In the event an oversized lot must be split, put a marker with each portion of the lot. If

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it is necessary to process different lots together, use a laundry net bag for the smaller lot and place a marker ineach lot. All markers must remain with the lot or portions of lots during the entire laundering process. The iden-tifying mark should be written on the shell of the washer-extractor with chalk or a dry-erase marker. On multi-pocket washer-extractors identify the load in each individual pocket.

655-1.4.2.3.2 Laundry Lists. Officers and CPOs are required to identify the items they send to the laundry onShip’s Store Laundry List, NAVSUP Form 233. At the top of the list the customer must fill in personal identifi-cation information. On the lower part of the list they check the types and numbers of articles to be laundered.The list along with the laundry is turned in to the receiving SH. The receiving SH must verify the informationon the list. The procedure for identifying items in individual bundles described herein has been used successfullyin shipboard operations. This procedure may be modified to suit individual needs. The steps in the procedure areas follows:

a. Work on only one individual bundle at a time. This will prevent mixing of items from several bundles.

b. Remove the laundry list from the bundle and determine from the individual’s name and social security num-ber what the laundry mark will be. This mark is made from the first letter of the individual’s last name andthe last four numbers of the individual’s social security number. This is the standard type of laundry mark usedthroughout the Navy.

c. Mark the Ship’s Store Laundry List with the individual’s mark. This list now denotes ownership of the laun-dry in the bundle.

d. Count every item in the bundle and verify with the customer’s count. Note any discrepancy on the list andnotify the customer through whoever delivered the laundry bundle.

e. Check each article for a correct legible mark. If there is no mark put only one mark in the proper place. Donot mark such items as bath towels, wet articles, or dark colored fabrics. Use pronged marking tags on theseitems. These tags are narrow pieces of cloth approximately one inch long with metal fasteners in the end. Enterthe correct identification mark on the tags.

f. Check the insides of all pockets for any articles such as pens, pencils, combs and so forth. If any items arefound in the pockets, a notation should be made on the laundry list and logbook so these items can be returnedto the owner.

g. Check all articles of clothing for tears, stains, missing buttons, and so forth. Any items found to be damagedshould be noted on the reverse side of the laundry list and also in the remarks column of the logbook.

655-1.4.2.4 Wash Cycle. After the laundry is received, logged in, classified and marked it is transferred to thewasher-extractors. The primary goal of the washing process is to remove all soil from the items being washed.This is accomplished through a series of baths in which the soil is loosened from the fabric, suspended in thewater and rinsed away. A sour is used in the last rinse step to neutralize the detergent alkalinity and to decom-pose any remaining traces in the clothing.

655-1.4.2.4.1 Standard Navy Wash Formula Classifications. Standard Navy Wash Formulas were developed tomaximize cleaning efficiency while minimizing processing time, water consumption and chemical usage. Theformulas are intended to operate in fully automatic mode in order to minimize operator interface. All laundereditems shall be processed in accordance with the instructions indicated on the garment’s care label using one ofthe following standard Navy wash formula classifications (seeTable 655-1-1):

I White and Khaki Cotton, Polyester, and Cotton/Polyester Blend Materials.

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II Utility and Organizational Clothing.

III Woolens, Synthetic/Wool Blends and Special Hazard Uniforms.

655-1.4.2.4.2 In order to minimize potential losses and maximize production efficiency all washing should beaccomplished by lot. Do not mix lots and do not mix lots of different classifications in multi-pocket washerextractors. Open net mesh bags should be used for non-sorted officer and CPO items such as socks, underwearand handkerchiefs. These bags are useful for separating smaller non-sorted items from larger items. Bags shouldbe loosely packed to ensure sufficient penetration of water and detergent. For maximum washing efficiency donot exceed the rated capacity of the washer-extractor. This will provide for maximum mechanical and chemicalaction and prevents wrinkling. Specific washer-extractor operating steps are described inSection 2. After comple-tion of the wash cycle, cleaned clothes are removed and transferred directly to the tumbler-dryers or finish worktransferred to the pressing station.

655-1.4.2.5 Drying and Finishing. All drying and finishing should be accomplished by lot and the identifica-tion marker kept with each lot during the process. When possible items that require approximately the same dry-ing time should be processed together. Drying time will vary depending on many factors such as quality of steamservice, load weight and material, and moisture content. However, the average drying time for a capacity load ofcotton items is between 20 and 25 minutes. Heavier cotton items will take longer while lighter synthetic andblended fabrics will be shorter. Extended drying times are an indication of a possible maintenance problem andshould be checked by the appropriate personnel. Do not overload dryers. Overloading will increase drying time,promote wrinkling and accelerate equipment wear and tear. Specific tumbler-dryer operating steps are describedin Section 2.

655-1.4.2.5.1 Flatwork items, such as bed lines and table cloths, and garments made of synthetic and blendedfabrics, can be successfully finished in the tumbler-dryer without the need for pressing by loading the dryer toapproximately 75 percent of it’s rated capacity and setting the temperature between 140° and 160° F. Itemsshould be removed as soon as the dryer stops and folded or placed on hangers. However, using the ironer willreduce the drying work load and produce a better finish than rough drying. For best quality finishing and ease ofpressing,

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Table 655-1-1 STANDARD NAVY WASH FORMULAS

FORMULA I - WHITE AND KHAKI COTTON, SYNTHETIC AND SYNTHETIC/COTTON BLEND FABRICS.

FORMULA II - UTILITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CLOTHING.

Step Operation Step TimeDescending

Time WaterSet Point/Temp.

SettingWater Level Steam/

Electric Supplies1 Break/Suds 13 32 Hot Set Pt. 2/130° F Low - 4″/8″ Supply 1 (*)

Drain 1 192 Flush/Suds 3 18 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/130° F Low - 4″/8″

Drain 1 153 Extract (Low) 1 144 Rinse 3 13 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/130° F Low - 4″/8″

Drain 1 105 Rinse 4 9 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/130° F Low - 4″/8″ Supply 2

Drain 1 56 Extract 4 4

FORMULA III - WOOLENS, SYNTHETIC/WOOL BLEND FABRICS AND SPECIAL HAZARD UNIFORMS.Step Operation Step Time Descending

TimeWater Set Point/Temp.

SettingWater Level Steam/

ElectricSupplies

1 Break/Suds 13 32 Blend Set Pt. 2/100° F High - 9″ Supply 1 (*)Drain 1 19

2 Flush/Suds 3 18 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/90° F High - 9″Drain 1 15

3 Extract (Low) 1 144 Rinse 3 13 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/90° F High - 9″

Drain 1 105 Rinse 4 9 C. Temp Set Pt. 1/90° F High - 9″ Supply 2

Drain 1 56 Extract 4 4

KEY SWITCH - Maintenance Test Formula (Must complete or clear prior to running other formulas)Hot = Incoming hot water only, independent of Set Points.

C. Temp = Controlled Temperature, incoming hot/cold water regulates bath temperature to Set Point 1Blend = Incoming hot/cold water mix independent of Set Points.

Set Pt. 1 = Controlled Temperature″SP″.Set Pt. 2 = Heated Bath =″SP″ + ″AL″(With the time while heating switch OFF the program time will not advance until Set

Point 2 temperature is reached)(*) Solid chemical dispensing system will automatically dispense detergent at the start of all formulas. Bleach is dispensed for Formula I only a minimumof 25 seconds after start of formula (Supply 1) and after detergent flush is completed.

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items should be pressed as soon as possible (i.e. while still damp) after completion of the washing cycle.

655-1.4.2.5.2 Heavy items may require preconditioning and should be partially dried for 5 to 8 minutes prior topressing. However, over drying can make pressing more difficult and reduce the quality of the finished product.Immediately after preconditioning deliver the garments to the press station. Do not allow the garments to dry.Cover preconditioned garments with damp cloths or nets to preserve their moisture content. If the article is notdamp enough, spray it with the spray gun. Specific flatwork ironer and laundry press operating steps are describedin Section 2.

655-1.4.2.5.3 At the end of the work day all dryers should be unloaded. Check the heat content of any work thatwill remain in the laundry overnight. Spread out or fluff any items that are still hot.

655-1.4.2.6 Assembly and Issue. Individual bundles and bulk lots of completed laundry require differentassembly and handling processes. Generally, bulk lots can be placed directly into the laundry bag in which theywere delivered. Items in individual bundles require specialized handling, thorough inspection and accurate count-ing.

655-1.4.2.6.1 Assembling Bulk Lots. Bulk lots are normally tumble dried and placed back in the divisionallaundry bag. Finished flatwork received in bulk lots, such as table cloths and sheets, should be folded, stacked,tied together and returned in the laundry bag. The assembled bulk lot should be delivered to the issuing area.Issue laundry to authorized personnel only. The bag should be weighed and the post-processing weight recordedin the bulk lot laundry log. The issuing SH and person receiving the laundry must sign the bulk log book in theappropriate columns acknowledging the post-processing weight.

655-1.4.2.6.2 Assembling Individual Bundles. Before receiving individual lots in the assembly area place eachcustomer’s laundry list in an assembly bin in alphabetical order. Handle finished laundry with care and collect itpromptly. Do not allow unfolded clothes from the net bags to accumulate on worktables or in the bins. Place thenet bags as marked in the proper bin. After all of the articles in an individual bundle have been placed in theproper bin, remove each item from the net bag, fold them and return them to the bag while checking off eachitem on the laundry list. Pin the net bag and attach the separate sock bag with a small laundry pin. Return thebag to the bin with the name or laundry mark clearly visible to make issuing easier. Check the laundry list toensure all finish press work (shirts and trousers) is included. Cover the press work with a suit wrapper and stapleor tape the laundry list to the wrapper. Issue laundry to authorized personnel only. The issuing SH and personreceiving the laundry must sign the press deck log book in the appropriate columns acknowledging the piececount.

655-1.4.2.7 Quality Assurance. Quality assurance in the laundry begins in the receiving area and ends with thereturn of clean and finished laundry to the owner. Every individual expects the processing and return of laundrybe accomplished in a professional manner. No articles should be returned to the owner unless it represents thebest quality work and care. When finish work is received in the assembly area it should be checked for cleanli-ness, stains, marks or any other blemishes. A shirt for example should have a quality look; clean, smoothly ironedwith no wrinkles and the proper creases. Any discrepancies found should be corrected before the article isreturned to the owner.

655-1.4.2.7.1 Sendbacks and Claims. Sendbacks are articles in individual bundles or bulk lots that requirereprocessing. Place articles sent back for reprocessing in a net bag so they can be reworked immediately. Send-

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backs should receive priority handling so that deliveries can be made on schedule Claims by crewmembers forlost or damaged clothing should be handled in accordance with NAVSUP P-487.

655-1.4.3 Dry Cleaning. The dry cleaning facility on ships with 4000 or more accommodations has five basicareas; receiving/issuing. dry cleaning, finishing, spotting (spot removal) and minor repair of uniforms.

655-1.4.3.1 Receipt. Normally officer and CPO uniforms can be received, handled and processed on an indi-vidual basis. Enlisted personnel uniforms however, may require handling as a bulk lot due to the higher volumeof items. If divisional loads are handled as a bulk lot verify each uniform piece is properly marked prior to receiptto ensure proper distribution. The Navy Uniform Regulations Manual contains guidance and procedures for sten-ciling various articles and the prescribed location.

655-1.4.3.2 Identification and Marking. Proper identification and marking of dry cleaning articles is essentialin preventing items from being lost or misplaced. A master dry cleaning list is used as a record of the dry clean-ing processed for an individual and is used to save time and work, and reduces the probability of misplacingitems. Each customer must fill out the list, remove and retain the bottom claim stub and attach the list to thebundle. Each piece of dry cleaning work is recorded in the dry cleaning work logbook by the receiving SH. Apre-marked tag set is furnished with the master dry cleaning list for identifying each individual item that is goingto be dry cleaned. The receiving SH should detach and pin or staple one tag to each article and leave the remain-ing tags attached to the master dry cleaning list. The count of the remaining tags confirms the number of articlesbelonging to one customer when the articles are assembled.

655-1.4.3.3 Grouping and Classification. Similar uniform items should be scheduled together because the drycleaning load must be of similar material. Material groups are generally broken down into three categories; 1)officer and CPO uniform items, 2) enlisted uniform items, and 3) miscellaneous items such as flags, foul weatherjackets, etc. In general virtually all fibers and fabrics can be safely dry cleaned provided they are resistant to drycleaning solvent. However, all uniforms should be processed in accordance with the guidance on the care label.The two most important things to consider when dry cleaning items are classified are color and lint quality ofmaterial. Table clothes, drapes, flags, and so forth should be classified according to color, material, and lint qual-ity. Foul weather jackets, face masks, winter helmets, and winter trousers may be cleaned together. Signal flagsof different colors may be cleaned together as the lint transfer among the flags is not detrimental to their use.Impregnated, rubberized, oiled articles, or articles manufactured wholly or in part from leather should not be drycleaned as the solvent will damage such fabrics and material.

655-1.4.3.4 Inspection. Each article should be checked for detachable uniform insignia and for items in thepockets. Removal of pens, markers, lipstick and other foreign objects will eliminate a source of damage to theload. Put any such items in an envelope and attach it to the customer’s dry cleaning list. Inspect each article forspots and, if found, send to the spotter for treatment prior to dry cleaning. Inspect buttons, buckles and zippers,and check for tears or any other marks. Note any discrepancies on the customer’s dry cleaning list.

655-1.4.3.5 Pre-spotting. All articles should be examined for spots before they are dry cleaned. Analyze allspots to determine what substance caused them and what method should be used to remove them. At times pre-treating a spot may not remove it entirely but usually it will come out completely during the cleaning process.Post-spotting may be required if a spot was missed. If post-spotting is necessary the article must go back throughthe dry cleaning cycle to remove the chemical used in spotting. Specific spotting and stain removal treatment isdescribed inSection 3.

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655-1.4.3.6 Dry Cleaning Cycle. State of the art dry-to-dry, closed-loop dry cleaning machines are much saferand easier to operate than the machines used in the past. Dry cleaning, or washing in a non-aqueous fluid or sol-vent, is the most effective known process for cleaning the broadest spectrum of natural and man-made fabrics.Dry cleaning is essentially a three-step operation: First, solvent is used to dissolve and disperse the soils on thefabric. Second, the solvent and soils are removed from the fabric. And third, the soils are removed from the sol-vent, and the solvent is used again. There are many reasons for dry cleaning garments rather than washing themin water. Some fabrics can not be washed in water for fear of causing distortion due to shrinkage, while otherfabrics are colored with dyes that dissolve in water. All authorized Navy garments are labeled with the appropri-ate care label which typically identifies standard Navy wash formulas I, II or III or dry clean only. This informa-tion is helpful to prevent damage to clothes during processing. It is important that shipboard laundry and drycleaning operators examine and adhere to the care labels on garments before laundering, when undecided as tothe material type or handling procedures. The dry cleaning machine both cleans and dries the load. When the drycleaning cycle is complete the cloths are dry and ready to finish press.

655-1.4.3.7 Assembling and Issuing. Once articles are finish pressed they are to be assembled and prepared forissue. The dry cleaning lists are used to assemble articles into customer groups. The number on each master tagattached to the dry cleaning list corresponds to the number attached to the various articles in a customer’s bundle.The tags are to be placed in numerical order and all articles belonging to each master tag collected. All articlesshould be inspected for broken or missing buttons, broken zippers, etc. prior to issuing. Ensure all belts andbuckles are properly returned. After all items are assembled into a customer’s bundle, the dry cleaning list shallbe attached and the bundle placed in the issuing rack to await pick-up.

655-1.5 ARRANGEMENT AND OUTFITTING REQUIREMENTS

The arrangement principles and ancillary outfitting for laundry and dry cleaning equipment and facilities areas follows:

1. Work flow process shall start with receiving and end at issuing in as direct a path as possible; that is, no longtransits or circuitous routes between equipment and processes.

2. Washer-extractors and deep sinks shall be grouped together and surrounded by a coaming to contain spillswhich will direct the spillage to a deck drain(s). Space should also be allocated within the washer-extractorcoaming area for water heaters, accumulators, and pumps. If the water heater and washer-extractors are notgrouped together a separate coaming area with deck drains shall be provided.

3. A dedicated ship’s hot water system shall be designed to meet the NAVMED P-5010-2 wash water tempera-ture requirement and to meet the washer-extractor hot water demands. A dedicated water heater is necessaryto meet the daily production output from the washer-extractors and provide a high quality of wash. Thewasher-extractor’s supplemental booster heater is provided as a backup should the dedicated hot water sys-tem not be able to meet the hot water demands. However, the supplemental booster heater’s primary func-tion is to partially raise and maintain the bath temperature to the NAVMED P-5010-2 requirement and is notintended as a substitute for a dedicated water heater.

4. Load transfer routes between washer-extractors and tumbler-dryers shall be minimized by installing washer-extractors and tumbler-dryers facing each other across a common aisleway whenever practical.

5. Equipment having revolving drums on a horizontal axis shall be oriented such that the axis of rotation is foreand aft.

6. Separate receiving and issuing areas shall be provided adjacent to the compartment access on opposite sidesof the laundry on larger ships or combined with each other adjacent to the common access on smaller ships.The issue and/or receiving areas shall have counter space 24 inches wide by 36 inch high and a length suf-

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ficient for receiving, issuing, sorting, marking, and maintaining laundry records. The issuing and/or receiv-ing counter shall be provided with CRES sorting bins over and underneath the counter if space permits. Theissuing and/or receiving window shall provide the operator with easy access to the issue bins, cleaned andsoiled laundry bag stowage, and scale(s). A shelf shall be adjoined to the issuing and/or receiving doorswhere space does not permit the installation of counters.

7. A dutch door shall be installed adjacent to the receiving and/or issuing area so that the laundry bags can bedeposited or retrieved from the laundry near the soiled or cleaned laundry bag stowage areas respectively.The location of the dutch door shall allow the individual depositing or retrieving the laundry bags to observetheir weighing. If space permits a passing window shall also be installed adjacent to the receiving and/orissuing areas.

8. Separate soiled and clean laundry bag stowage shall be provided in the vicinity of the receiving and issuingareas. Soiled laundry bag stowage shall be located in the receiving area. Clean laundry bag stowage shall belocated in the issuing area. Clean and soiled laundry shall be separated by battens or an expanded metalbulkhead in the common receiving and issuing area on smaller ships. The deck area needed for clean andsoiled laundry bag stowage shall be equal in square feet to approximately 5 percent of the total accommo-dations up to 2,601 and 4 percent of the total accommodations above 2,602. Clean and soiled laundry bagstowage shall be fitted with aluminum deck grating in order to keep the laundry bags off the deck. Cleanedand soiled laundry bag stowage which is not bound by bulkheads shall be circumscribed by telescopic bat-tens.

9. Adequate access for wheeled laundry baskets shall be provided in aisleways in and around the finishing sta-tions, washer-extractors, tumbler-dryers, and dry cleaning machines.

10. Provisions shall be made at finishing work stations and issuing areas to hold finished work. Jackrods, con-structed of CRES rod, shall be provided in the overhead to hold the finished garments on hangers. The jack-rod shall be located directly outside the finishing work station and the jackrod supports shall not obstruct themovement of the hangers along the jackrods. The amount of jackrod length in the issuing area is based on6 inches of jackrod for each officer, and CPO through MCPO accommodation. Approximately 80 percent ofthe jackrod length maybe arranged two rails high. The two rail high jackrod for shirts and jackets shall bespaced 42 and 82 inches above the deck.

11. A 24 inch wide by 36 inch high table, equivalent to two-thirds of the length of the rolls on the flatwork ironer,60 inch for class B or 85 inch for class A, shall be located 30 inch from the front of the flatwork ironer. Thetable leg arrangement shall allow for laundry basket stowage under the table.

12. A 350 gallon capacity solvent storage tank shall be installed in the dry cleaning compartment. The dry clean-ing machines, spotting board, and dry cleaning solvent storage tank shall be located in a dedicated compart-ment separate from the laundry space but, whenever practical, located adjacent to the laundry and adjoinedby doors and a common passageway.

13. Exhaust ventilation of the dry cleaning space shall be independent of any other compartment and dischargeoverboard so as not to contaminate any intake ducts. The ventilation system should be interlocked with thedry cleaning machine to prevent dry cleaning machine operation without exhaust and supply ventilation.

14. An air vacuum, of sufficient volume to support the finishing equipment being served, shall be installed in thedry cleaning space or institutional laundry as required.

15. Dry cleaning machines shall be installed within a coaming. The coaming shall be sized to contain spillsequivalent to 110 percent of the total storage capacity of the dry cleaning machine(s). A deck drain is notpermitted within this coaming area.

16. Adequate clearance shall be provided around the equipment to allow for proper maintenance and repair.

17. The self-service laundry and institutional laundry shall be located near the high concentrations of crew liv-

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ing spaces, where practicable, since 85 percent of the laundry is generated by the crew. Ensure the locationminimizes structural access cuts for large capacity washer-extractors (200lb), tumbler-dryers (100lb) and drycleaning machines (20lb) which require dedicated shipping routes. Avoid locations with excessive shipmotion and vibration in order to prolong the life of the equipment.

18. Eye/face wash station (minimum 15 minute flush time) fitted to the service sink/stationary tub shall be pro-vided in the laundry and dry cleaning space for preliminary first aide treatment for chemical injuries.

19. A drinking fountain shall be provided in a central location in the industrial laundry, and the self service laun-dry if space permits.

20. Sorting bins shall be provided in the receiving and issuing areas for holding assembled lots of officer andCPO clothing. Sorting bins shall be 10 inches wide, 12 inches deep and 8 inches high with a 1 inch retain-ing lip on the bottom front of each bin. The minimum number of sorting bins shall be 25 percent of theofficer through CPO accommodations or 50 percent where space permits.

21. A corrosion resisting spray gun shall be suspended over each laundry press work station. The spray gun shallhave ten feet of rubber or neoprene hose, complete with fittings, and a safety shut-off valve at the water con-nection end. The spray gun shall be a pistol type, leakproof, and the shut-off shall be located outside thewater passage. The spray gun shall be designed to spray a fine water mist with a minimum water pressureof 5 pounds per square inch (psi). A small bin shall be installed in a convenient location for stowage of thespray gun.

22. Where space permits, folding tables and a waiting area with stacking chairs shall be provided in the self-service laundry.

23. One chair shall be provided for each sewing machine.

24. One stool shall be provided for each receiving counter, issuing counter, or receiving and issuing counter.

25. A storage room directly accessible from the laundry shall be provided on ships with an accommodation levelof 400 and above. The storage room shall be outfitted with lockers and shelving to store laundry chemicals,tools, and spare parts. On ships with fewer than 400 accommodations lockers or shelves shall be providedwithin the laundry space.

26. A hanging type, dial indicating or linear spring scale shall be provided in the receiving and issuing areas.The range of the scale shall be 0 to 100 lb. The scale shall be positioned in the receiving and issuing areaso that the weighing of the laundry bags can be observed by the receiving attendant and the compartmentcleaner or steward delivering the laundry bags. Hooks for these scales shall be provided near the washer-extractor so that the washer-extractor can be properly loaded.

27. A single compartment stationary tub shall be installed within the industrial laundry and dry cleaning com-partments, and the self service laundry if space permits. Two 1/2 inch faucets shall be installed on each sta-tionary tub, one for cold and one for hot potable water.

28. Deck covering shall be installed throughout the laundry and dry cleaning spaces, including within the coam-ing areas, in accordance with NSTM 634.

29. Fluorescent lighting illumination within the laundry and dry cleaning space shall be in accordance with theapplicable shipboard illumination standards.

30. A cleaning gear locker shall be installed in the industrial laundry and dry cleaning compartments, and theself-service laundry if space allows.

31. A built-in locker with bins and shelving shall be provided in the industrial laundry and dry cleaning com-partments for storing ready service supplies.

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655-1.5.1 In addition to electric power, ship’s laundry/dry cleaning equipment should be provided with the utili-ties as specified by the equipment technical manual including hot (140° to 160° F) and cold fresh potable water,cooling water, drainage, steam at 35 to 100 psi, low pressure air at 100 psi and ventilation.

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SECTION 2

EQUIPMENT


This section contains descriptive technical information pertaining to requisition, selection, characteristics,installation, operation and maintenance of shipboard laundry and dry cleaning equipment.

WARNING

All laundry equipment is equipped with safety devices to protect personneland equipment. If any such device is removed, by-passed or disabled, it shallbe replaced or repaired prior to operating equipment. Equipment shall notbe operated without such devices properly installed.

655-2.2 REQUISITION OF EQUIPMENT

Shipboard laundry and dry cleaning equipment must be selected from the equipment listed within theShip-board Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Catalog (S6152-B1-CAT-010) or must be approved by the LifeCycle Equipment Manager on a case by case basis.

655-2.2.1 Equipment Catalog. The equipment specified within theShipboard Laundry and Dry CleaningEquipment Catalog is designed to meet shipboard environmental effects, offer simplified operator to machineinterface, meet shipboard safety requirements, and create an efficient means to meet the ship’s laundry and drycleaning needs. The Navy’s current laundry and dry cleaning equipment design philosophy is to keep the equip-ment as simple as possible to minimize operator interface and maintenance requirements by selecting equipmentwhich provides the basic operational functions as opposed to equipment which can perform a variety of unnec-essary, specialized functions.

655-2.2.2 Commercial Item Descriptions. Commercial Item Descriptions define the current configuration, fea-tures and essential characteristics, of each category of equipment and are reiterated herein. The equipment’sessential characteristics reflect the Navy’s current philosophy of utilizing commercial marine equipment and dis-continuing the use of Military Specifications. Invoking Military Specifications in the procurement of laundryequipment is no longer required. However, all laundry and dry cleaning equipment procured for shipboard instal-lation must invoke the requirements of the applicable Commercial Item Description. Any equipment which doesnot meet these requirements may degrade the efficiency of the laundry and dry cleaning operations, reduceequipment reliability, compromise standardization efforts and create safety hazards. Any waiver to a specificessential characteristic must be approved by the Life Cycle Equipment Manager.

655-2.2.3 Federal Acquisition Regulations. Users of theShipboard Laundry and Dry Cleaning EquipmentCatalog are reminded that the U.S. Navy’s supply system and procurement processes must abide by regulationsestablished by the Federal Acquisition Regulations (FAR). The FAR requires that all stock system procurementsbe on a competitive basis. Occasionally, manufacturers may be successful in providing equipment which meetsthe basic essential characteristics identified by the equipment’s Commercial Item Description but does not appearin the Shipboard Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Catalog . If a manufacturer’s product is not con-tained in the latest issue of theShipboard Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Catalog it shall not be

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excluded from the procurement process solely for this reason if their equipment is demonstrated to meet theCommercial Item Description requirements and receives the approval of the Life Cycle Equipment Manager.

655-2.2.4 Sole Source. Equipment of different manufacturers which is classified as functionally interchange-able is unlikely to be physically interchangeable. A situation may arise when the equipment issued by the sup-ply system may differ from that requisitioned. If there are unusual circumstances, such that existing space con-figuration constraints would preclude installation of any equipment other than that presently in place withoutrequiring extensive modifications to the ship’s configuration and/or extensive service modifications, or the equip-ment within the same category [that is, laundry presses, washer-extractor 35 to 200 pounds, etc.] would not befrom the same manufacturer, causing an operational, maintenance, repair or logistics problem for the ship, theadvice code of the requisition should indicate″2B″ for no substitute acceptable. A justification statement for solesource procurement must also be entered in the remarks block. Minor changes to foundations and/or services arenot considered acceptable sole source justification and will be rejected.

655-2.2.5 Local Procurement. Unless the urgency of the situation dictates otherwise, local procurement oflaundry and dry cleaning equipment and spare parts is discouraged. When the central supply system is circum-vented, vital demand information is not recorded at the central procuring agency. Without that information thecentral procuring agency cannot effectively forecast budget requirements for future equipment procurements andspare parts stock. Local procurement must be authorized by the central procuring agency and shall only be usedin instances when the lead time of the central procurement process prohibits timely delivery of the equipment tosupport the installation schedule. Regardless, whatever is requested, it must be equivalent to the equipment in theShipboard Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Catalog and meet the Commercial Item Descriptionrequirements. Any interim changes or additions to the equipment’s Commercial Item Description in place at thetime of this publication are retained at NSWCCD-SSES. Most of the equipment shown in theShipboard Laun-dry and Dry Cleaning Equipment Catalog have National Stock Numbers (NSN’s) and Allowance Parts Lists(APL’s) assigned and are managed by NAVICP, DGSC or DISC.

655-2.2.6 Modular Equipment. Sectionalized equipment is available which allows transportation of disas-sembled equipment through shipboard passageways, doors, and hatches. Sectionalized pieces can then beassembled in the space using normal tools without the need for welding, cutting, or other types of hot work. Thisphilosophy allows for the installation of equipment without the need for cutting costly access holes and paths totransport a fully assembled unit into the laundry or dry cleaning space. Sectionalized equipment also providesgreater scheduling flexibility as installations may be accomplished incrementally and during any pier side avail-ability.

655-2.3 EQUIPMENT SELECTION

Whenever possible, laundry and dry cleaning equipment shall be selected from a single manufacturer for eachequipment category in order to reduce a ship’s logistical support requirements and minimize operational andmaintenance training requirements. Examples of equipment categories are: 50 and 100 pound capacity tumbler-dryers, laundry/dry cleaning presses, 60 to 200 pound capacity washer-extractors, etc. Available manpowerrequirements for operation, maintenance, and repair are also considered in the laundry and dry cleaning equip-ment selection process. Specialized high-production, automated equipment, such as tunnel washers, multifunctionpresses, folding machines and cabinet presses, are not specified over lower-production equipment, which performthe necessary basic laundering functions. Specialized high-production equipment perform many unnecessaryfunctions and also increases training requirements for the operators and maintenance personnel, and increasesshipboard logistic support.

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655-2.3.1 Laundry Equipment. The selection and mix of laundry equipment depends on a variety of factorsincluding equipment redundancy, handling procedures, production rates, accommodation levels and ratio ofofficer/CPO to E-6 and below. In order to maximize the efficiency of shipboard laundry operation each of thesefactors must be evaluated for each individual ship class when determining the optimum mix and capacity ofwasher-extractors and matching tumbler-dryers.

655-2.3.1.1 The Navy’s primary concern when determining the recommended distribution of washer-extractorand tumbler-dryer capacities is to account for equipment down time by providing equipment redundancy when-ever practical so as not to render the laundry facility largely, or fully inoperative. For example, two 60 to 75pound capacity washer-extractors in place of one 150 pound capacity washer-extractor or two 100 pound capac-ity washer-extractors in place of one 200 pound capacity washer-extractor are considered better choices whenaccounting for equipment redundancy. However, the philosophy of building in equipment redundancy comes atthe expense of reduced operational efficiency, increased procurement and installation costs, excess manning,additional space requirements, increased weight, and greater maintenance and spare parts support. Due to theincreased reliability of modern state-of-the-art shipboard laundry equipment, future installations should take in toaccount the additional life cycle costs of installing redundant equipment. The use of fewer high capacity 150-200pound multi-pocket machines should be considered in place of multiple 60-100 pound machines in order tomaximize capacity to square foot ratio and minimize some of the inherent disadvantages of redundant equipmentinstallations.

655-2.3.1.2 The laundry handling process is also taken into account when selecting the mix of washer-extractors.As previously described inparagraph 655-1.4.2.1, E-6 and below laundry is received in bulk divisional laundrybags, generally weighing between 40-60 pounds. A divisional bag is generally processed together as a single bulklot in a compatibly sized single pocket of a multi-pocket washer-extractor or, if necessary, equally split and dis-tributed among smaller capacity multi-pockets. Therefore, the selection of a multi-pocket machine(s) in the 50 -70 pound per pocket capacity range is ideally suited to efficiently process the E-6 and below laundry while eas-ily maintaining the accountability of bulk divisional loads. Machines with smaller multi-pocket capacities, suchas a 60 and 100 pound machine (i.e. three 20 or 33 pound pockets), normally require additional operator steps,unnecessary sorting of large bulk lots, and will slow the laundry process and increase wear and tear on the equip-ment. On the other hand, machines with pocket capacities larger than 70 pounds, such as a 2-pocket, 200 poundmachine, creates wasted capacity since a bulk lot is rarely over 60 pounds and different bulk lots can not be com-bined and mixed. Multi-pocket machines with a per pocket capacity in the 50 - 70 pound range may also be bestsuited for processing E-7 and above laundry on larger ships such as aircraft carriers and large amphibious shipsdue to the large volume of laundry. However, since the E-7 and above laundry is received in individual bundles,sorted and combined into like loads, the selection of an open pocket machine(s) up to 60 pounds capacity, dedi-cated to E-7 and above laundry, along with bed and mess linens, is better suited to efficiently process this laun-dry on smaller ships such as cruisers and destroyers. The use of open pocket machines for officer and CPO sortedlots eliminates the extra operator steps necessary with a multi-pocket machine.

655-2.3.1.3 The production rate of an institutional washer-extractor is one load per hour or 60 minutes per load.The production rates tale into account downtime, light loads, and loading and unloading times. The total institu-tional wash capacity is based on 24 pounds per accommodation per 96 hour work week or 1/4 pound per accom-modation. The required drying capacity is determined by the ship’s wash capacity. The production rate of a insti-tutional tumbler-dryer is 1.5 loads per hour or 40 minutes per load. Roughly 70-75 percent of the wash load goesto the tumbler-dryers. The remaining, consisting of flatwork and officer and CPO uniforms goes directly to thepresses. As a general rule, dryer capacity can be determined by calculating no less than 50 percent of the requiredwasher-extractor capacity. However, for optimum matching of wash and dry capacities and to ensure a continu-ous work flow a design goal of 75 percent is recommended. 50 pound capacity tumbler-dryers are typically

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matched with 60 pound open pocket and 150 pound multi-pocket washer-extractors and 100 pound capacitytumbler-dryers matched with 200 pound multi-pocket washer-extractors.

655-2.3.1.4 When calculating washer-extractor and dryer capacities the final selection of equipment shall berounded to the next highest single capacity of equipment available (i.e. 60 pound open-pocket, 150 and 200pound multi-pocket washer-extractors and 50 and 100 pound tumbler-dryers). 16-20 pound capacity washers anddryers, installed for C.O., VIP and officers of equivalent rank, should not be used in calculating total wash anddry capacities. The minimum quantity and capacity of institutional washer-extractors and tumbler-dryers neededto meet the habitability laundry requirements of OPNAVINST 9640.1 based on the ship’s accommodation leveland a properly manned laundry operating 96 hours per week is provided intable 655-2-1. Table 655-2-1is forgeneral guidance only. Each ship class should be evaluated individually on the basis of specific manning levelsand other related factors when determining the optimum mix and capacity of washer-extractors and matchingtumbler-dryers.

655-2.3.1.5 The production rate for laundry finishing equipment is based upon the arrangement of laundrypresses to form operator work stations and upon the item (i.e. trousers, shirts or flatwork) being pressed. Thestandard laundry press work station consists of two utility presses and one pants topper press arranged in aU-shaped configuration to allow one operator to finish press multiple garments at one time. The production rateof a standard press station is approximately 20-22 pieces (shirts, skirts and/or trousers) per operator hour. Theproduction rate of a single utility press is approximately 10 pieces (shirts, skirts and/or trousers) per operatorhour. The minimum quantity and types of laundry presses needed to meet the habitability laundry requirementsof OPNAVINST 9640.1 based on the ship’s accommodation level is provided intable 655-2-2. Table 655-2-2isbased on a properly manned laundry operating 96 hours per week.

Table 655-2-1 WASHER-EXTRACTOR AND TUMBLER-DRYER PERACCOMMODATION LEVEL

ACCOMMODATIONS WASHER-EXTRACTORS TUMBLER-DRYERS

18# 60# 150# 200# 20# 50# 100#101 - 840 1 1 1 1 3841 - 1040 1 1 1 1 21041 - 1440 1 1 2 1 51441 - 1840 1 1 2 1 1 31841 - 2040 1 1 3 1 72041 - 2640 1 1 3 1 2 42641 - 3040 1 1 2 2 1 53041 - 3280 2 2 2 2 1 6 33281 - 3680 2 2 4 1 2 63681 - 3920 2 3 4 1 2 63921 - 4720 2 3 5 1 2 74721 - 4960 2 4 5 1 3 74961 - 5760 2 4 6 1 3 95761 - 6560 4 4 7 2 3 10

Table 655-2-2 LAUNDRY PRESSES PER ACCOMMODATION LEVEL

ACCOMMODATIONS LAUNDRY PRESSES

E-7 & ABOVE UTILITY PANTS TOPPER F.W. IRONER150 and Below 2 1

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Table 655-2-2 LAUNDRY PRESSES PER ACCOMMODATION LEVEL -

Continued

ACCOMMODATIONS LAUNDRY PRESSES

E-7 & ABOVE UTILITY PANTS TOPPER F.W. IRONER151 - 300 4 2301 - 450 6 3 1

451 and Above 8 4 1

655-2.3.1.6 The production rate of a self-service washer is two loads per hour or 30 minutes per load. The totalself-service wash capacity is based on one washer per 300 accommodations. The production rate of a self-servicetumbler-dryer is 1.33 loads per hour or 45 minutes per load. All wash goes directly to the dryers therefore thetotal self-service dry capacity shall be 150 percent of the wash capacity or 3 dryers for every 2 washers.

655-2.3.2 Dry Cleaning Equipment. There are two major work stations within a shipboard dry cleaning facil-ity for ships with more than 4000 accommodations. The two different work stations are; (1) the dry cleaningmachine(s) and spotting board and (2) the finishing and tailoring area consisting of a combination of two or threeutility presses, one pants topper press, one form finisher and a sewing machine.

655-2.3.2.1 The production rate of a dry cleaning machine is 1.33 loads per hour or 45 minutes per load. Thisproduction rate takes into account downtime, light loads, and loading and unloading times. The production rateof a single dry cleaning utility press is approximately 20 pieces (shirts, skirts and/or trousers) per operator hour.The minimum quantity and capacity of dry cleaning equipment needed to meet the habitability dry cleaningrequirements of OPNAVINST 9640.1 based on the ship’s accommodation level is provided intable 655-2-3.Table 655-2-3is based on a properly manned dry cleaning facility operating 96 hours per week.

Table 655-2-3 DRY CLEANING EQUIPMENT PER ACCOMMODATIONLEVEL

TOTAL ACCOMMO-DATIONS DC MACHINE DRY CLEANING PRESSES

SEWINGMACHINE

20 LB UTILITYPANTS

TOPPERFORM

FINISHERSPOTTING

BOARDBLIND

STITCH101 - 4000 1(*)

4001 and Above 2 2 1 1 1 1

(*)Located in industrial laundry.

655-2.3.3 Laundry/dry cleaning equipment shall be operated by qualified personnel in accordance with instruc-tions contained in the Ship’s Serviceman 3 Training Manual, NAVEDTRA 10176, and Navy approved equipmenttechnical manuals.

655-2.4 WASHER-EXTRACTORS

Washer-extractors perform the following principle functions: water and chemical injection, wash/clean, rinse,drain, and water extraction. Washer-extractors are comprised of two basic parts: an outer shell or tub and arevolving cylinder within that tub. The shell holds the water and chemicals and the revolving cylinder holds theclothing. The cylinder is highly perforated with small holes on it’s outer surface. These small holes allow the

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chemicals and water to enter, saturate and pass through the clothing while retaining the clothing within the cyl-inder. The clothing is cleaned by mechanical and chemical action. The mechanical action is dependent on thenumber and height of the rises and falls of the clothing per unit of time within the cylinder. Chemical action isdependent on the correct amount of chemical product per unit volume of water. Too much chemical product perunit volume of water causes chemical particle entrapment within the garment fibers which causes yellowing ofthe garment during drying or finishing. Too little chemical product per unit volume of water decreases chemicalcleaning action. Extraction is performed after the tub has been drained to remove large amounts of water fromthe clothing. The extraction process is created by the acceleration of the cylinder from the slow rotation of wash-ing to a much faster rotation. With the cylinder rotating at a high rate of speed, the centrifugal force removes amajority of the water from the clothing.

655-2.4.1 35 to 200 Pound Capacity; Institutional. Washer-extractors having a load capacity of 35 to 200pounds shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59469 having the follow-ing classifications:

Type 1 - Steam booster heater

Type 2 - Electric booster heater

Class 2 - Microprocessor automatic formula control unit

Class 3 - Programmable logic control automatic formula control unit

Style 1 - Unsectionalized

Style 2 - Sectionalized

Grade 1 - Open-pocket

Grade 2 - Multi-pocket

The essential characteristics of washer-extractors having a load capacity of 35 to 200 pounds are as follows:

1. The machine shall be front loading, either open pocket for capacities 75 pounds or less or triple-pocket forcapacities 100 pounds or greater. The machine shall be complete with a formula control unit to automaticallycontrol the machine through a complete programmed wash formula including fill, wash, heat, drain, rinse,extract, clutching, braking and chemical supply injection.

2. Class 2 control unit shall be a programmable microprocessor capable of storing a minimum of four indepen-dent wash formulas having a minimum of 25 separate steps.

3. Class 3 control unit shall be a programmable logic controller preprogrammed by the original equipmentmanufacturer with three standard Navy wash formulas and a single short cycle test formulas in accordancewith Navy Exchange Service Command Ship’s Store Bulletin of 4 December 1998. The programs shall bepermanently stored in EEPROM memory and operate independent of RAM memory. The control unit shallbe capable of changing it’s operational content by installing a reprogrammed EEPROM cassette. An inte-grated male pin connector for manual over-ride operation of the programmable logic controller shall belocated in an accessible area on the back of the control panel electrical box enclosure. Manual operation shallbe controlled by a separate remote hand held controller with a female pin connector and cable of sufficientlength to allow operation from the front of the machine. The pin connectors shall be threaded and the malefitting provided with a protective cap. Switches corresponding to each phase of the manual operation shallindividually actuate the hot and cold water valves, wash motor, extract motor, drain valve and heater. Thephases of the manual operation shall be independent of the programmable logic controller. Manual operationis for testing purposes only and is not intended for manual formula operation.

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4. A digital temperature controller and indicator shall be provided on the control unit. The temperature control-ler shall allow the operator to select not less than two set-point temperatures between 60° to 220° F of eithera non-heated, tempered bath or a heated bath. The non-heated, tempered setting shall thermostatically con-trol admittance of hot water to the machine and temper with cold water as necessary to approximately attainthe set point temperature. The timing of the formula shall proceed after the water level is attained indepen-dent of the actual bath temperature. The heated setting shall admit hot water or a mix of hot and cold wateras directed by the formula control unit and thermostatically control the activation of the booster heater asnecessary to reach the set point temperature. The booster heater shall not activate until the minimum waterlevel is reached. A switch shall be provided to allow the operator the option of activating the timing of theformula while heating or preventing the formula time from advancing until the heated set point temperatureis attained.

5. The formula control unit shall automatically control the water level for not less than two separate water lev-els and a safety water level. The water levels shall be readily readjustable in the field. Timing of the formulashall not proceed until the proper water level is reached. The safety water level shall be interlocked with themachine in such a way as to prevent extraction should the water level in the shell be above a preset safelevel.

6. The formula control unit shall be capable of interlocking output signals with an independent remote solidchemical dispensing system for the purpose of identifying which formula is in operation and activation ofchemical dispensing. As a back-up to the independent remote solid chemical dispensing system the machineshall also have an integrated multi-compartment automatic supply dispenser. The supply dispenser shallautomatically add powdered supplies at the correct time as directed by the formula control unit. A singleopening in the shell shall also be provided for the manual addition of supplies.

7. The machine shall be equipped with a indirect steam injection or electric immersion booster heater unit.Booster heater shall increase water temperature by 15° F per minute for Type 1 machines and 10° F perminute for Type 2 machines at the minimum water level setting. The booster heater shall not be activateduntil the proper water level has been reached. Direct live steam injection into a washer-extractor is prohib-ited due to possible boiler water contamination.

8. The contour and configuration of the shell plating and the location and configuration of the booster heatershall be such that the low water level and water consumption are kept to a minimum. The booster heater shallremain submerged at inclined angles of 12° at the minimum water level setting.

9. The machine shall function without reduction in performance when operating at angles of 12° to each sideof two vertical planes at right angles to each other.

10. An electric interlock shall prevent the shell door from opening during the extract mode and stop operationof the machine in wash mode or prevent cylinder rotation other than the Jog function should the shell doorbe opened.

11. The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable vibration limit cut-out device to disconnect service shouldexcessive, equipment damaging vibration occur.

12. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the founda-tion under machinery and ship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

13. The machine shall extract water to the extent that the water retention of the material shall not be greater than55 percent of normal dry weight after 5 minutes of extraction.

14. Style 2 machines shall be constructed to be disassembled, transported, and reassembled within the ship with-out hot work such as welding or brazing. Major subassemblies that bolt together are preferred. Limiting

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dimensions for each major subassembly shall be 50 inches high, by 25 inches wide, by 36 inches deep. Sub-assemblies shall be matched-marked to assist in field reassembly. Touch-up paint and spare hardware shallbe provided.

15. Exposed belts, shafts, pulleys and other moving parts shall be fully enclosed by metal guards. Guards shallbe firmly supported but readily removable for maintenance.

16. An emergency stop button shall be located on the front of the machine within an accessible area. The but-ton shall bring the machine to an immediate stop when activated.

17. The machine shall provide reversing rotation of the cylinder when in the wash mode. The cylinder shallreverse a minimum of three times per 95 seconds.

18. Flexible steam supply and condensate lines shall be composed of extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylenehose with stainless steel (CRES) braided reinforcement and threaded end couplings. Steam supply and con-densate flexible hose assemblies shall be in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)AS604 or AS620 specifications and Naval Ship’s Technical Manual S6430-AE-TED-010. Pipes, fittings,valves, hoses, etc. using steam shall be suitable for 100 psi working pressure.

19. The machine shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD 1399,Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation on boardship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shall be per-mitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight metal conduit. All electricalpanels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof or better.

20. JOG buttons shall be provided on multi-pocket machines for inching the cylinder door to the proper loadingposition. JOG buttons shall require the operator to use both hands. The cylinder shall stop upon release ofeither JOG or directional buttons.

21. The main cylinder brake shall engage during power loss or loss of air.

22. The unit shall be capable of withstanding ship induced vibration and motion. The unit shall operate undershipboard conditions without malfunction, binding, excessive looseness, or damage.

655-2.4.2 16 to 20 Pound Capacity; Institutional. Washer-extractors having a load capacity of 16 to 20 poundsshall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59365 having the following classi-fications:

Type 1 - For submarines

Type 2 - For surface ships


1. The machine shall be front loading and fully automatic. The timer-programmer shall be preprogrammed bythe manufacturer to automatically control the fill, wash, drain, rinse, extract and detergent dispensing (Type2 only) operations of the machine through the entire cycle.

2. The frame shall be heavy duty welded or unibody steel construction to provide stability during operation.The frame shall be finished for corrosion resistance.

3. The cabinet enclosure shall be either stainless steel or steel finished for corrosion resistance.

4. The cylinder and cylinder shell shall be constructed of stainless steel. The cylinder shall be provided withnot less than three lifting ribs with through tie-rods. The cylinder perforations shall be embossed.

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5. The door shall be constructed of polished stainless steel with a heavy duty hinge and heat treated shatterproof glass capable of withstanding thermal shock.

6. An electric interlock shall be provided to prevent opening the door until the cylinder is at rest and preventrotation of the cylinder when the shell door is opened.

7. Bearings shall be permanently lubricated and installed in a heavy duty housing rigidly secured to the frame.Seals shall provide protection and isolation from the wash solution.

8. The machine shall use a two speed thermally protected motor and a direct drive V-belt system without theuse of a clutch, gears or transmission. The machine shall provide reversing rotation of the cylinder when inthe wash and rinse modes. The V-belt shall be self adjusting.

9. Cycle and/or temperature selector switches shall be provided to allow the operator to select not less than fourwash cycles.

10. The wash cycle shall consist of a wash, not less than two rinses and a final extract.

11. The water levels shall be preset and automatically controlled by the timer-programmer.

12. Machines shall be constructed to be transported through the submarine or ship intact or shall be capable ofbeing disassembled for transporting through the submarine or ship, and reassembled in the laundry spacewithout welding, riveting, cutting or brazing. Major subassemblies shall bolt together. Subassemblies shallbe matched-marked to assist in field reassembly. Touch-up paint and spare hardware shall be provided. Type1 washer-extractors shall be constructed to be disassembled into sections or parts that can be passed througha 25-inch diameter submarine hatch and a door opening not greater than 20 inches in width by 38 inches inheight with 10 inch radius corners. Type 2 washer-extractors shall be constructed to be disassembled intosections or parts that can pass through a 26 by 66 inch radius cornered watertight door.

13. Type 1 washer-extractor overall dimensions shall not be greater than 34 inches high, 24 inches wide and 32inches deep. Type 2 washer-extractors shall not be greater than 51 inches high, 28 inches wide and 32 inchesdeep.

14. Cylinder volume shall be not less than 2.5 cubic feet for Type 1 machines and 2.7 cubic feet for Type 2machines.

15. The machine shall be provided with a electrically operated gravity drain valve.

16. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation.

17. Type 1 machines shall be provided with a chemical supply door for manual dispensing of detergent. Type 2machines shall be provided with a automatic supply dispenser for adding chemicals as controlled by thetimer-programmer. The chemical supply door shall be rigidly attached to the top of the cabinet. The dispens-ing compartment shall be configured in such a way as to prevent water or detergent from splashing on anyadjacent control wiring in the upper cabinet housing.


19. The machine shall function without reduction in performance with no spillage of liquid or product whenoperated for 30 seconds at angles of 30° for Type 1 machines and 15° for Type 2 machines to each side oftwo vertical planes at right angles to each other.

20. The washer-extractor shall extract water from saturated material to a water retention rate of not greater than80 percent of the normal dry weight after 5 minutes of extraction.

21. Type 1 washer-extractors shall meet the grade B shock requirements in accordance with MIL-S-901.

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22. Type 1 washer-extractor’s airborne and structuralborne noise shall not be greater than the acceptable levelswhen tested in accordance with MIL-STD-740-1 and MIL-STD-740-2.

23. The machine shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase or 120-volt, 60-hertz, 1-phase electrical system asdefined by MIL-STD 1399, Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices forelectrical installation on board ship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electricalsystem. No grounds shall be permitted on the machine wiring.


655-2.4.3 14 to 18 Pound Capacity; Self Service. Washer-extractors having a load capacity of 14 to 18 poundsshall be equivalent to heavy duty, commercial grade, laundromat type equipment manufactured in accordancewith the essential characteristics defined herein and having the following classifications:

Type 1 - Top loading

Type 2 - Front loading


1. The machine shall be fully automatic. The timer-programmer shall be preprogrammed by the manufacturerto automatically control the fill, wash, drain, rinse, extract and detergent dispensing operations of the machinethrough the entire cycle.

2. The frame and cabinet shall be constructed of steel and finished for corrosion resistance.

3. The cylinder shall be constructed of stainless steel. The cylinder of Type 2 machines shall be provided withnot less than three lifting ribs with through tie-rods. The cylinder perforations shall be embossed.

4. The door of Type 2 machines shall be constructed with a heavy duty hinge and heat treated shatter proofdoor glass capable of withstanding thermal shock.

5. On Type 1 machines the cylinder shall stop immediately when the lid is opened. On Type 2 machines anelectric interlock shall be provided to prevent opening the door until the cylinder is at rest and prevent rota-tion of the cylinder when the shell door is opened.

6. Bearings shall be permanently lubricated. Seals shall provide protection and isolation from the wash solu-tion.

7. The machine’s motor shall thermally protected motor. Type 2 machines shall use a direct drive V-belt sys-tem without the use of a clutch, gears or transmission.

8. A cycle selector switch shall be provided to allow the operator to select not less than three wash cycles.

9. A temperature selector switch shall be provided to allow the operator to select not less than three wash tem-peratures.

10. The water levels shall be preset and automatically controlled by the timer-programmer.

11. Machines shall be constructed to be transported through the ship intact. The width or depth of the machineshall not be greater than 26 inches so that it may pass through a 26 by 66 inch radius cornered watertightdoor.

12. Cylinder volume shall be not less than 2.5 cubic feet for Type 1 machines and 2.7 cubic feet for Type 2machines.

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13. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation.

14. Type 2 machines shall be provided with a automatic supply dispenser for adding chemicals as controlled bythe timer-programmer. The dispensing compartment shall be configured in such a way as to prevent water ordetergent from splashing on any adjacent control wiring in the upper cabinet housing.

15. Exposed belts, shafts, pulleys and other moving parts shall be fully enclosed by metal guards.

16. The machine shall operate on 120-volt, 60-hertz, 1-phase ungrounded electrical system.


655-2.4.4 Installation Requirements. Washer-extractors shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. Service supply piping shall contain a flexible section of hose 14 to 18 inches in length installed between theship’s service supply piping and the washer-extractor. Drain piping shall contain a flexible section of hosenot less than 4 inches in length installed between the ship’s drain piping and the washer-extractor dischargepiping (see NSTM Chapter 505, Piping Systems).

2. Steam supply and condensate lines shall be composed of extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hosewith stainless steel (CRES) braided reinforcement and threaded end couplings. Steam supply and condensateflexible hose assemblies shall be in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) AS604 orAS620 specifications and Naval Ship’s Technical Manual S6430-AE-TED-010. The inlet steam connectionshall come off of the top of the steam header.

3. The hot and cold water flexible hose assemblies shall be constructed of synthetic rubber hose reinforced withwire or synthetic fiber and provided with threaded end couplings in accordance with MIL-H-24135/10 orMIL-H-24136/3.

4. The low pressure air supply line shall be plastic tubing capable of withstanding a working air pressure of150 psi.

5. The drain and overflow connections shall be made of synthetic rubber reinforced with synthetic fiber or wiresleeves.

6. Salt water connections shall be constructed of synthetic rubber, reinforced with wire conforming to FED SpecZZ-H-451. The hose assembly shall have threaded CRES end couplings.

7. Salt water supply piping and valve, portable flexible hose(s) and appropriate fittings shall be provided in thelaundry compartment in the event shipboard potable water is limited. The hose assembly shall be of such alength to conveniently reach each washer-extractor from the salt water supply valve in order to manually filleach machine when necessary. The salt water hose assembly shall not be connected to the machine when notin use. The salt water hose assembly shall be stowed in the overhead or on a bulkhead near the washer-extractor when not in use.

8. The washer-extractor foundation shall be constructed of angle iron or similar structure properly reinforced sothat it will not give under the stresses created by the machine. The foundation shall be reasonably level andflat to ensure metal to metal attachment to the washer-extractor base. The use of shims or grout to compen-sate for irregularities and to ensure complete bearing between mounting surfaces shall be in accordance withthe manufacturer’s instructions. Foundations made of long metal plates welded directly to the deck should beavoided. The use of metal plates tend to quickly disintegrate due to corrosion and vibrational forces.

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9. Posting of operational and safety placard (Table 655-2-4) and Standard Navy Wash Formulas I, II, and III( Table 655-1-1) are required adjacent to groups of 35 to 200 pound washer-extractors.

10. The washer-extractor deck area shall be surrounded by a 3 inch high coaming with a 1/2 inch diameter cor-rosion resisting rod permanently attached on top of the coaming to retain water spills from the washer-extractors. The coaming area shall contain a deck drain(s) to drain off water spillage. The coaming area isnot to be used to drain the washer-extractors into the ship’s drainage system. The washer-extractor(s) dis-charge drain line shall be directly connected to the ship’s drainage system. Where practical the water heat-ing system and deep sinks shall be grouped together within the same coaming area.

11. Washer-extractors installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assembly. The strainer in the ori-fice assembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines shouldhave a y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from theorifice.

12. The deckplate shall be reinforced to prevent vibration amplitudes from exceeding those amplitude levelsspecified in the latest revision of the General Ship Specifications,Chapter 655and Chapter 095-655.

13. When practical, and in particular on smaller vessels, washer-extractors should be installed onboard ship sothat the axis of the cylinder is fore-and-aft. Sufficient space shall be provided around the washer-extractor toallow for operation, maintenance, and repair.

14. Installations of washer-extractors require the use of an accessible/removable drainline strainer to preventarticles of clothing and other random objects from passing through the drainage system and potentially clog-ging or damaging CHT pumps.

15. Washer-extractors, 35 pounds and larger, shall be provided with a shell door latch back devise to prevent thedoor from swinging freely while opened due to motion of the ship.

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Table 655-2-4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SAFETYPRECAUTIONS

WASHER-EXTRACTOR

WARNING

THIS MACHINE SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNEL ANDEQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE MACHINE. DO NOT BYPASS OR DIS-CONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURE SUCH AS THE VIBRATION, EMERGENCY AND DOOR SWITCHES ORJOG BUTTONS. ALWAYS WEAR PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHEN HANDLING LAUNDRYCHEMICALS. THE MACHINE SHALL BE OPERATED IN AUTOMATIC MODE UNLESS SPECIAL CIRCUM-STANCES DICTATE OTHERWISE. DO NOT LEAVE THE SPACE UNATTENDED WHILE THE MACHINE ISIN OPERATION.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. VERIFY POWER IS TURNED ON AND STEAM, WATER AND AIR VALVES ARE OPENED AS APPLICABLE.2. OPEN SHELL DOOR. ON MULTI-POCKET MACHINES JOG CYLINDER UNTIL INNER DOOR IS ALIGNEDWITH THE OUTER DOOR OPEN INNER DOOR LOAD OPEN POCKET OR MULTI-POCKET MACHINE WITHPROPER AMOUNT OF LAUNDRY. DO NOT EXCEED THE MAXIMUM RATING OF THE MACHINE OR THEINDIVIDUAL POCKET ON MULTI-POCKET MACHINES. REPEAT THE LOADING PROCESS FOR THEREMAINING POCKETS, ENSURE THE MULTI-POCKET MACHINES ARE EVENLY LOADED TO PREVENT ANOUT OF BALANCE CONDITION.3. CLOSE AND SECURE THE INNER POCKET AND MAIN SHELL DOOR(S). ENSURE DOORS ARE PROPERLYLATCHED AND SECURED.4. ON MACHINES WITHOUT AN AUTOMATIC SOLID CHEMICAL DISPENSING SYSTEM ADD THE PROPERAMOUNT OF ″TWO-SHOT″ DETERGENT TO THE MANUAL SUPPLY BIN OR AUTOMATIC SUPPLY BIN #1AND SOUR BLUE TO AUTOMATIC SUPPLY BIN #2.5. VERIFY PROPER TEMPERATURE SETTINGS FOR THE SELECTED FORMULA AND ADJUST ACCORD-INGLY.6. START THE MACHINE. FOR ELECTRO-MECHANICAL CONTROLLED MACHINES ALIGNED THE DRUMTO THE START OF FORMULA AND SET SWITCHES FOR AUTOMATIC OPERATION. TURN TIMER ON. FORMICROPROCESSOR OR PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLED MACHINE SELECT DESIRED FORMULAAND BEGIN AUTOMATIC OPERATION BY DEPRESSING THE FORMULA AND/OR RUN BUTTON AS APPRO-PRIATE.7. ALLOW THE MACHINE TO OPERATE THROUGH THE FULL AUTOMATIC OPERATION. PERIODICALLYMONITOR THE MACHINE OPERATION AND INFORM THE LAUNDRY SUPERVISOR OF ANY ABNORMALOPERATION.8. UNLOAD MACHINE FOLLOWING CYCLE COMPLETION AND TRANSFER CLOTHES TO DRYER ORPRESS STATION.

655-2.4.4.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper washer-extractor opera-tion the following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure the air filter-regulator-lubricator assembly oil reservoir is filled and the regulator is properly adjusted.

2. Ensure the main air regulator, brake air regulator and low pressure air switch are adjusted in accordance withthe manufacturer’s specifications.

3. Ensure the gear reducer is filled to the proper level.

4. Ensure the vibration switch is properly adjusted to account for ship’s motion.

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5. Ensure that drive belts are adjusted to the correct tension. The ideal belt tension is the lowest tension at whichthe belt will not slip under peak load conditions. Over tensioning of belts shortens belt and bearing life.

6. Ensure that safety guards are securely in place.

7. Ensure that the steam supply pressure to the steam booster heater is in accordance with the manufacturer’sspecifications.

8. Ensure that all electrical panel enclosures are securely closed and locked.

9. Ensure that steam piping is properly lagged (if applicable).

10. Ensure that the washer-extractor is level on its foundation and no gaps exist between the equipment base andthe foundation.

11. Ensure that nuts, bolts, and screws are tight on the washer-extractor and to the foundation.

12. Ensure that the cylinder latches on multi-pocket washer-extractors are operating properly and securely latchthe cylinder doors closed.

13. Ensure the installation of a plumbed eye wash station in close proximity to the chemical storage and/or dis-pensing area. The eye wash station shall provide a 15 minute minimum flush time.

655-2.4.5 Operational Procedure. General washer-extractor operating steps are provided herein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of washer-extractors have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS equipment technical manual.

CAUTION

Never leave the laundry space unattended while washer-extractors are inoperation.

1. Verify that all utilities are provided to the washer-extractor. Verify main power is turned on and steam, waterand air valves are opened as applicable. Verify pressures are in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifi-cations.

2. Open outer shell door.

3. For multi-pocket machines rotate the cylinder with the two JOG buttons until the desired cylinder door linesup with the shell door opening. Open the cylinder door.

CAUTION

Never attempt to JOG the cylinder while a cylinder door is opened. Inchingthe cylinder even slightly with a door opened will very likely bend the dooragainst the shell resulting in misalignment of door latch and damage to thehinges.

4. Load the washer-extractor. Do not exceed the rated capacity of the machine in order to insure adequate

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mechanical action to remove soil. Overloading will also contribute to excessive wrinkling. On multi-pocketwasher-extractors, it is imperative that the load is evenly distributed among the compartments. In order todistribute the load evenly, each compartmental load should be separately weighed.

CAUTION

Overloading or not evenly distributing the load between each compartmentwill cause an out of balance condition during extract resulting in excessivevibration. Uneven loads is one of the chief causes of motor and bearing fail-ures due to the excessive forces produced.

5. Close the cylinder door on multi-pocket machine. Check the latch handles to ensure that they are securelyinserted into the latch wells.

6. Close the shell door and tighten the door seal gasket against the shell. Do not overtighten.

7. On machines without a solid chemical dispensing system load the proper amount of powdered detergent intothe automatic supply injection bin or manual supply bin and sour blue into the automatic supply injectionbin.

8. Verify the control circuit is energized.

9. Verify the temperature set points are adjusted in accordance with the selected formula.

10. On Class 2 machines select the desired formula and depress the start or resume button to begin the cycle. OnClass 3 machines depress the desired formula button to begin the cycle.

11. After the washer-extractor completes the wash formula, unload the clothing. Transport clothing which isgoing to be pressed/finished to the finishing work stations. Transfer other permanent press clothing items tothe tumbler-dryers for drying.

655-2.4.5.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper washer-extractor operationand prior to placing machine in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recommended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of washer-extractor have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS equipment technical manual.

1. On multi-pocket washer-extractors verify proper operation of JOG function. Verify the use of two hands arerequired to inch the cylinder for loading and unloading. Verify the cylinder stops immediately upon releaseof either JOG or directional button.

2. Verify the operation of the door sensor switch and door lock. Verify machine will not operate with shell dooropened and shell door can not be opened during extract.

3. Verify that the emergency stop and reset buttons are operable.

4. Verify that the low, high and safety water level settings are properly adjusted to the correct cylinder waterlevel heights.

5. Verify the correct operation of the water supply, steam and chemical supply solenoid valves.

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6. Verify proper operation of the drain valve.

7. Verify that braking after intermediate extraction is sufficient to stop the cylinder before the energizing of thewash motor. Without sufficient braking, a sound like screeching tires will be heard due to the belts slippingon their sheaves, with the energizing of the wash motor. This screeching represents accelerated belt wear anddamaging over torque of the drive train parts.

8. Verify that the temperature gauge and indicator is operable. Verify proper operation of the time while heat-ing switch, controlled temperature function and supplemental booster heater.

9. Verify that the clutch is engaging and disengaging the wash motor properly.

10. Verify that the cylinder is rotating in the same direction during low extract pick-up and when changing fromlow to high extract.

11. Verify that the automatic formula controller operates properly in the automatic mode to perform Navy washformulas I, II, and III (seetables 655-1-1). Check manual operation of the hot and cold water inlet valves,booster heater, wash and extract motors, and drain valve.

12. Verify that the hot water supply to the washer-extractor is a minimum of 130° F.

13. Verify that the appropriate indicator lights are lit during the various cycles and occurrences.

14. Verify that the service piping is not leaking.

15. Verify that the inner doors and shell door are securely locked during the operation of the washer-extractor.

16. Verify that gaskets around the main door and water level sight glass do not leak.

17. During extraction, verify that washer-extractor vibrations do not exceed 0.635 millimeter (mm) (0.025 inch)double amplitude (DA) on the washer-extractor’s mounting flange and 0.254 mm (0.010 inch) DA on thedeck 1.2 m (4 ft) away. Measure vibration levels with a properly calibrated mass vibration meter.

18. Manually trip the vibration limit switch to verify de-energization of the washer-extractor. After verificationof the vibration limit switch operation, reset the vibration limit switch.

19. If the washer-extractor is designed with a cylinder basket counter-balancing system, verify its correct opera-tion.

20. Verify that the wash reversal dwell time interval is 1 to 1.5 seconds.

21. Verify good cylinder bearing condition.

22. Verify that operation of the buzzer occurs at the end of the wash cycle.

655-2.4.6 Maintenance Requirements. The supervising petty officer is responsible for ensuring the washer-extractors are properly cared for and maintained. Soap scum, grease and other accumulations should be removeddaily from the exterior of the machine. Operators should monitor mechanical problems that may occur betweenscheduled maintenance checks. Typical problems may include loose cylinder and inner door hinges and latches,leaking valves, broken and inoperable switches, faulty motor operation, improper draining, inoperable safetyinterlocking devices, etc. Any equipment malfunction or emergent maintenance problem should be reportedimmediately to the supervising petty officer. Only qualified shipboard maintenance personnel should performmechanical or electrical maintenance. Laundry personnel shall not perform this type of maintenance.

655-2.5 TUMBLER-DRYERS

Tumbler-dryers are composed of: a heating medium consisting of thermostatically controlled steam coils orelectric heating elements to regulate the temperature of the incoming airflow; a perforated revolving cylinder with

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lifting ribs to hold and tumble clothing; a blower assembly to draw heated air in, through, and out of the tumbler-dryer; and a pair of sweep sheets wrapped partially around the circumference of the cylinder to direct the heatedairflow through the clothing in the cylinder.

655-2.5.1 50 to 100 Pound Capacity; Institutional. Tumbler-dryers with a load capacity of 50 and 100 poundsshall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59364 having the following classi-fications:

Type 1 - Steam heated

Type 2- Electrically heated

Size 1 - 50 lb dryweight

Size 2- 100 lb dry weight

Style 1 - Unsectionalized

Style 2 - Sectionalized

The essential characteristics of tumbler-dryers having a load capacity of 50 to 100 pounds are as following:

1. Style 2 tumbler-dryers shall be constructed to be disassembled, transported and reassembled within the shipwithout hot work, such as welding and brazing. Major subassemblies that bolt together are preferred. Limit-ing dimensions for each major subassembly shall be 50 inches high, by 25 inches wide, by 36 inches deep.Subassemblies shall be match marked to assist in field reassembly. Touch-up paint and spare hardware shallbe provided.

2. The heating unit of Type I tumbler-dryers shall be constructed of continuous tubes with closely spaced finsfor efficient heat transfer suitable for a steam pressure of 100 psi gauge. Steam pressure vessels shall bemanufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirements of ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1.

3. The heating unit of Type 2 tumbler-dryers shall be constructed of a spiral wound resistor wires made of 80percent nickel and 20 percent chromium and suspended in a heat resistant dielectric composed of compressedmagnesium oxide. The tubular sheath material and fins shall be made of monel-400. Each heating element’sterminal ends shall be effectively sealed to prevent moisture infiltration through the dielectric. Each elementshall be securely fastened at one end and rigidly supported or fastened at the other end. Elements shall beremovable from the front of the machine. The heating unit shall be capable of withstanding ship inducedvibration and motion. The heating unit assembly shall be enclosed within a chamber or bonnet. The heatingunit’s power requirement shall not exceed 36 kilowatts (kW) for Size 1 machines and 75 kilowatts (kW) forSize 2 machines when operated at maximum temperature, and shall balance a three phase load.

4. A thermostatic control, which operates the steam solenoid valve on Type 1 machines or the electric heatingcoil on Type 2 machines shall be provided for manually setting two temperatures of 155° F and 185° F +/-10° F. A separate indicator shall be provided to display the actual basket temperature. An indicator light shallbe provided which shall illuminate while the steam solenoid valve or electric heating element is energized.

5. A timer shall be provided with a range of 0 to not less than 60 minutes by which the operator can select thedrying time. A indicator light shall be provided to indicate normal drying operation.

6. A cooldown cycle shall automatically activate at the end of the drying cycle which cuts off heat to themachine but continues cylinder and blower rotation until the cylinder temperature is lowered to 135° F. Anindicator light shall be provided which is illuminated for the duration of the cooldown cycle. An audible sig-nal shall activate at the end of the cooldown cycle and continue until manually turned off.

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7. In addition to the primary thermostatic control, a backup high-limit heat sensor shall be located in the lintchamber below the cylinder which shall interrupt steam flow on Type 1 dryers and power to the heating ele-ments on Type 2 dryers should the cylinder temperature exceed 215° F. Reset shall be accomplished auto-matically. A high limit thermostat shall also be installed in the heating bonnet of Type 2 dryers to protect theelectrical heating elements from overheating.

8. Type 2 dryers shall have either an air flow switch which shall interrupt power to the electric heating elementin the event of restricted air flow through the cylinder or the heating coil shall be electrically interlocked withthe fan motor contactor which shall interrupt power to the electric heating element in the event of fan motorfailure.

9. A lint box or chamber with a corrosion resistant mesh screen shall be provided through which all of theexhaust air shall flow. The screen shall be installed between the cylinder and the exhaust outlet. Access forcleaning the lint screen shall be from the front of the machine.

10. Excepting surfaces touched to operate the tumbler-dryer, the outer housing, door and other components shallbe insulated from internal heat sources so that not more than 15 percent of the surface of the outer housingexceeds a temperature of 35° F above the ambient air temperature. Surfaces touched by the operator to oper-ate the tumbler-dryer shall not exceed a temperature of 35° F above the ambient air temperature. The insu-lation shall be encased to hold the insulation in place and to prevent settling, crumbling or flaking within thehousing.

11. The machine shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD-1399,Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation on boardship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shall be per-mitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves. All elec-trical panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof or better.

12. The cylinder shall reverse within a range of four reversals per minute maximum to a minimum of one rever-sal per minute.



15. Type 1 and Type 2 tumbler-dryers shall remove moisture from the maximum load capacity soaked with waterto a wet weight of 150 percent of the maximum bone-dry weight at a drying rate as specified inTable655-2-5. The tumbler-dryer shall remove 97 percent of the water from the load at the maximum drying tem-perature setting of 185° F.

Table 655-2-5 TUMBLER-DRYER DRYING EFFICIENCY

TYPE SIZE DRYING RATE

1 1 1.2 LBS OF WATER/MIN1 2 2.4 LBS OF WATER/MIN2 1 0.8 LBS OF WATER/MIN2 2 1.6 LBS OF WATER/MIN

16. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for anchoring the machine to a hullfoundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the foundation under machinery andship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

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17. The loading door shall be provided with an electric interlock to prevent or stop the rotation of the cylinderwhen the door is opened.


655-2.5.2 16 to 20 Pound Capacity; Institutional. Tumbler-dryers with a load capacity of 16 to 20 pounds shallbe manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59472 having the following classifica-tions:

Type 1 - For submarines

Type 2 - For surface ships

The essential characteristics of tumbler-dryers having a load capacity of 16 to 20 pounds are as following:

1. The overall maximum dimensions of the tumbler-dryer shall not exceed 40 inches deep, 26-1/2 wide, and 40inches high.

2. Machines shall be constructed to be transported through the submarine or ship intact or shall be capable ofbeing disassembled for transporting through the submarine or ship, and reassembled in the laundry spacewithout welding, riveting, cutting or brazing. Major subassemblies shall bolt together. Subassemblies shallbe matched-marked to assist in field reassembly. Touch-up paint and spare hardware shall be provided. Type1 tumbler-dryers shall be constructed to be disassembled into sections or parts that can be passed through a25-inch diameter submarine hatch and a door opening not greater than 20 inches in width by 38 inches inheight with 10 inch radius corners. Type 2 tumbler-dryers shall be constructed to be disassembled into sec-tions or parts that can pass through a 26 by 66 inch radius cornered watertight door.

3. The heating unit shall be constructed of a spiral wound resistor wires made of 80 percent nickel and 20 per-cent chromium and suspended in a heat resistant dielectric composed of compressed magnesium oxide. Thetubular sheath material and fins shall be made of monel-400. Each heating element’s terminal ends shall beeffectively sealed to prevent moisture infiltration through the dielectric. Each element shall be securely fas-tened at one end and rigidly supported or fastened at the other end. Elements shall be removable from thefront of the machine. The heating unit shall be capable of withstanding ship induced vibration and motion.The heating unit assembly shall be enclosed within a chamber or bonnet. The heating unit’s power require-ment shall not exceed 20 kilowatts (kW) when operated at maximum temperature, and shall balance a threephase load.

4. The heating unit assembly shall be configured to prevent accumulation of lint on the heating elements orprovided with a baffle, guard or screen to prevent the possibility of lint falling on the heating elements. Theheating unit assembly shall be readily accessible from the front of the machine for cleaning and maintenance.

5. Excepting surfaces touched to operate the tumbler-dryer, the outer housing, door and other components shallbe insulated from internal heat sources so that not more than 15 percent of the surface of the outer housingexceeds a temperature of 35° F above the ambient air temperature. Surfaces touched by the operator to oper-ate the tumbler-dryer shall not exceed a temperature of 35° F above the ambient air temperature. The insu-lation shall be encased to hold the insulation in place and to prevent settling, crumbling or flaking within thehousing.

6. A thermostatic controller shall control the heated air within the drying chamber. The controller shall be vari-able from a minimum setting of approximately 80° F to a maximum setting of 165° F. A temperature indi-cator shall be provided for observation of the actual drying temperature.

7. In addition to the primary thermostatic control, a backup high-limit heat sensor shall be located in the lint

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chamber below the cylinder which shall interrupt power to the heating elements should the cylinder tempera-ture exceed 215° F. Reset shall be accomplished automatically. A high limit thermostat shall also be installedin the heating bonnet to protect the electrical heating elements from overheating.

8. The dryer shall have either an air flow switch which shall interrupt power to the electric heating element inthe event of restricted air flow through the cylinder, or the heating coil shall be electrically interlocked withthe fan motor contactor which shall interrupt power to the electric heating element in the event of fan motorfailure.

9. A timer shall be provided to control the length of the drying cycle with a variable setting from 0 to not lessthan 60 minutes. The timer shall incorporate an automatic cooldown cycle by either de-energizing the heat-ing element for the last 5 minutes of the drying cycle or at timer completion, thermostatically controltumbler-dryer cooldown until the temperature drops to 135° F ending the drying cycle.

10. The tumbler-dryers shall remove moisture from the maximum load capacity soaked with water to a wetweight of 150 percent of the maximum bone-dry weight at a drying rate of 0.4 pounds of water per minute.The tumbler-dryer shall remove 97 percent of the water from the load at the maximum drying temperaturesetting of 165° F.


12. The loading door shall be provided with an electric interlock to prevent or stop the rotation of the cylinderwhen the door is opened.

13. A lint screen shall be provided between the cylinder and the exhaust fan through which all of the exhaust airshall flow. Access for cleaning the lint screen shall be from the front of the machine.

14. The machine shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD-1399,Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation on boardship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shall be per-mitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves. All elec-trical panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof or better.


16. The machine shall function without reduction in performance when operating at angles of 30° for Type 1machines and 12° for Type 2 machines to each side of two vertical planes at right angles to each other.

17. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for anchoring the machine to a hullfoundation.

655-2.5.3 Installation Requirements. Tumbler-dryers shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. When practical, and in particular on smaller ships, tumbler-dryers should be installed so that the axis of thecylinder rotation is fore-and-aft. Tumbler-dryers shall be arranged directly side by side in numbers not toexceed three, in order to ensure maintenance and repair access to the rear of the tumbler-dryers.

2. Posting of safety and operational placards (Table 655-2-6) shall be provided in the vicinity of the tumbler-dryers or groups of dryers.

3. Steam supply and condensate lines shall be composed of extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hose withstainless steel (CRES) braided reinforcement and threaded end couplings. Steam supply and condensate flex-

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ible hose assemblies shall be in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) AS604 or AS620specifications and Naval Ship’s Technical Manual S6430-AE-TED-010.

4. Service piping shall contain a flexible section of hose 14 to 18 inches in length installed between the ship’sservice piping and the tumbler-dryers (see NSTM Chapter 505, Piping Systems).

5. The design of the foundation shall use metal to metal attachment of the tumbler-dryers to the foundation.

6. Tumbler-dryers installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assembly. The strainer in the orificeassembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines should havea y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from the orifice.The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

7. The air quantity for the ship’s exhaust terminal connection to the tumbler-dryers shall not be less than 150percent of the tumbler-dryer’s fan capacity. The exhaust duct from each tumbler-dryer shall be ouffitted witha 40 mesh secondary lint bag or a common lint arrester should be installed for the tumbler-dryer complement.An exhaust duct terminal or terminals shall be located in the overhead at the rear of the tumbler-dryers toexhaust the lost heat from the heating coils and the open secondary lint bag screen exhaust terminals. Venti-lation supply blast-type terminals shall be located in the overhead at the front of the tumbler-dryers. Ventila-tion ducting shall be arranged to allow for the replacement of the steam or electric heating element coils,replacement of electric motors, bearings, access into the front electrical control panel box, and so forth.

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TUMBLER-DRYER

WARNING

THIS MACHINE SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNEL ANDEQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE MACHINE. DO NOT BYPASS OR DIS-CONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURE SUCH AS THERMOSTATS, BLOWER MOTOR INTERLOCK OR DOORSWITCH. REMOVE FINISHED LOAD FROM DRYER PROMPTLY. SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION MAYOCCUR WITHIN 1 TO 4 HOURS OF THE COMPLETION OF THE DRYING CYCLE DUE TO ANY COMBI-NATION OF EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURES, EXCESSIVE AND RESIDUAL SOAP OR DETERGENTS,RESIDUAL OILS AND GREASE OR BUILD-UP OF STATIC CHARGE IN SYNTHETIC FABRICS. CLEANPRIMARY LINT FILTERS EVERY 2 HOURS OF OPERATION AND SECONDARY LINT FILTERS EVERY 8HOURS OF OPERATION AND AT THE END OF THE WORK DAY. DO NOT LEAVE THE SPACE UNAT-TENDED WHILE THE MACHiNE IS IN OPERATION.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. VERIFY POWER AND VENTILATION IS TURNED ON AND STEAM VALVES ARE OPENED AS APPLI-CABLE.2. ACCOMPLISH ALL LOADS lAW STANDARD NAVY WASH FORMULAS. LOAD DRYER WITH THE PROPERAMOUNT OF LAUNDRY. CLOSE DOOR AND VERIFY LATCH IS SECURE.3. SET DRYING TIME TO APPROXIMATELY 25-30 MINUTES.4. ON MACHINES WITHOUT A AUTOMATIC COOLDOWN CYCLE SET COOLDOWN TIME TO 10 MINUTES.DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BY-PASS THE COOLDOWN CYCLE WHICH IS REQUIRED TOREMOVE RESIDUAL HEAT AND ALSO PROLONGS THE LIFE OF ELECTRIC HEATING ELEMENTS.5. SET DRYING TEMPERATURE TO SUIT MATERIAL BEING DRIED. DO NOT EXCEED 185 DEGREES.6. SET DAMPERS IF APPLICABLE.7. START DRYER. DEPRESS START BUTTON OR PLACE THE DOOR SAFETY BAR IN THE ON POSITION ASAPPLICABLE.8. ALLOW DRYER TO RUN THROUGH FULL CYCLE INCLUDING COOL DOWN. PERIODICALLY MONITORTHE DRYER OPERATION AND INFORM THE LAUNDRY SUPERVISOR OF ANY ABNORMAL OPERATION. DONOT CONTINUE TO OPERATE A DRYER IF THE TEMPERATURE EXCEEDS 200 DEGREES OR IF THE COOLDOWN CYCLE IS NOT REDUCING TEMPERATURE TO APPROXIMATELY 135 DEGREES AT CYCLE END.9. UNLOAD CLOTHES PROMPTLY AT END OF CYCLE. MANUALLY FLUFF CLOTHES WHILE UNLOADINGTO REMOVE RESIDUAL HEAT.

655-2.5.3.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper tumbler-dryer operationthe following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure that the gear reducer is full of the specified oil and is properly vented.

2. Ensure that drive belts are adjusted to the correct tension. The ideal belt tension is the lowest tension at whichthe belt will not slip under peak load conditions. Over tensioning of belts shortens belt and bearing life.Check belts for proper alignment. If the tumbler-dryer is manufactured with chains and sprockets, inspectthem for proper alignment.

3. Ensure that safety guards are in place and properly fastened.

4. Ensure that steam pressure to steam heated tumbler-dryers is 100 psi and the condensate lines are notclogged.

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5. Ensure that 14 to 18 inch of flexible teflon convoluted or extruded steam hose assemblies with CRES braidedreinforcement are installed and are in good condition on the steam inlet and condensate lines and are prop-erly tagged.

6. Electrically test the hot and cold insulation resistance of the electrical heating elements on the Type IItumbler-dryers.

7. Ensure that the service steam piping on steam heated tumbler-dryers is not leaking and is properly lagged.

8. Inspect electrical wiring for areas of possible chaffing or loose connections.

9. Ensure that the primary lint screen is in place and is in good condition.

10. Ensure that the secondary lint trap or lint arrester is installed and is clean of lint.

11. Ensure that the cylinder basket is properly aligned and has no interior damage.

12. Ensure that the loading door latches close and the door gasket provides a tight fit against the tumbler-dryercabinet.

655-2.5.4 Operational Procedure. General tumbler-dryer operating steps are provided herein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of tumbler-dryers have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

CAUTION

Never leave the laundry space unattended while tumbler-dryers are inoperation.

WARNING

Fire hazard potentials exist during the drying process. The maximum dry-ing temperature setting should not exceed 185° F. Lint must be removed toprevent excessive temperatures due to a reduction of airflow though thetumbler-dryer. A 135° F cooldown cycle is required to remove residual heatfrom the load in order to prevent spontaneous combustion.

1. Check the primary and secondary lint traps or lint arrester for lint; clean if necessary. During normal opera-tions the primary and secondary lint filters shall be cleaned every 2 hours and 8 hours respectively, and atthe end of the work day.

2. Energize the ship’s exhaust ventilation system which is connected to the tumbler-dryer’s exhaust outlet.

3. To prevent thermal shock and premature failure of steam coils a pre-heat cycle is required. Open the steamcondensate line valves and verify steam inlet line valves are closed.

4. Set timer for 5 minutes.

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5. Set thermostat at the maximum temperature of 185° F.

6. If tumbler-dryer is equipped with dampers, set them on hot.

7. Slightly crack open the steam inlet line.

8. Push the start button to energize the tumbler-dryer.

9. Slowly open the steam inlet line during the 5 minute pre-heat cycle. If too much steam is emitted to thetumbler-dryer at once, the copper piping in the steam coil will expand rapidly and any remaining condensatewill flash to steam and cause damaging steam piping hammer.

10. Cancel buzzer at the end of the pre-heat cycle.

11. Load the tumbler-dryer with clothing from the washer-extractor. The amount of clothing to be loaded into atumbler-dryer shall not exceed the weight capacity of the tumbler-dryer using clothing/garment dry weight.

12. Close the loading door.

13. Set timer for proper drying time (approximately 25 to 30 minutes). The proper drying time is dependent onthe type of clothing being dried and the load size.

14. Set the thermostat at the proper drying temperature which is dependent on the type of clothing being dried.The drying temperature should not be set above 185° F.

15. If the tumbler-dryer is equipped with dampers, set them on hot.

16. On tumbler-dryer without automatic timed/temperature controlled cooldown, set the cooldown timer for 10minutes.

17. Push the start button to energize the tumbler-dryer.

18. Routinely check the temperature gauge on the tumbler-dryer during the drying cycle to ensure drying tem-perature does not exceed 200° F. If drying temperatures exceed 200° F, the space supervisor should be noti-fied for immediate corrective action. A tumbler-dryer operating above 200° F is a serious fire hazard andshould not be operated.

19. At the completion of the drying cycle the cooldown process should bring the tumbler-dryer temperature to135° F or less. If the cooldown cycle does not cool down automatically or during a set 10 minute cooldowntime interval, notify the space supervisor for immediate action. A tumbler-dryer operating without cooldownmay produce conditions allowing for spontaneous combustion of garments after the drying process.

20. After the buzzer sounds at the end of the cooldown cycle, unload the tumbler-dryer. Promptly removetumbler-dryer loads and manually fluff to remove residual heat. Residual heat can produce spontaneous com-bustion under certain conditions.

21. At the end of the work day, secure steam inlet and condensate valves on steam heated tumbler-dryers.

655-2.5.4.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper tumbler-dryer operation andprior to placing machine in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recommended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of tumbler-dryers have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

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1. Ensure that the door safety interlock de-energizes the cylinder motor when the cylinder door is opened.

2. Ensure that the appropriate indicator lights are lit during the operating cycle.

3. Ensure that all temperature gauges are properly calibrated and function properly.

4. Ensure that the cooldown operation de-energizes the heating element unit (electric or steam) and cools thecylinder automatically to approximately 135° F.

5. Ensure that the drying timer is operational and adjustable from 0 to not less than 60 minutes.

6. Ensure that the steam solenoid operates properly on steam heated tumbler-dryers.

7. Ensure that the buzzer sounds at the end of the drying cycle.

8. Verify correct thermostat operation.

9. Inspect the drum and fan support bearings for wear.

10. If the tumbler-dryer is supplied with air dampers, check that they properly work in deflecting airflow throughor around the heating coils.

11. Ensure that the fan/blower assembly is rotating in the proper direction.

12. Ensure that cylinder basket reversal is between one to four times per minute with proper dwell time betweenreversals (that is, cylinder basket stops rotating before the drive motor is re-energized in the opposite rota-tion). Tumbler-dryer should be fully loaded to verify the proper dwell time setting.

655-2.5.5 Maintenance Requirements. The supervising petty officer is responsible for ensuring the tumbler-dryers are properly cared for and maintained. Dirt, grease and other accumulations should be removed daily fromthe exterior of the machine. Operators should monitor mechanical problems that may occur between scheduledmaintenance checks. Typical problems may include, leaking valves and steam coils, broken and inoperableswitches, faulty thermostat or temperature gauge, misaligned cylinder basket, inoperable safety interlockingdevices, etc. Any equipment malfunction or emergent maintenance problem should be reported immediately tothe supervising petty officer. Only qualified shipboard maintenance personnel should perform mechanical or elec-trical maintenance. Laundry personnel shall not perform this type of maintenance.

655-2.5.5.1 Lint Traps and Heating Coils. Primary lint filters and the interior lint chamber should be clean afterno more than two loads. The secondary lint filter should be cleaned after every eight hours of operation. Dustand lint which accumulates on the heating coils must be removed daily. Improper maintenance of lint traps andheating coils will extend drying times by reducing the efficiency of heat transfer and restricting airflow.

655-2.5.5.2 Fire Hazards. The potential for shipboard dry fires has been reduced significantly through the useof permanent press controls and safety interlocking devices such as high limit thermostats and air flow switches.Operators must be familiar with the proper operation of these safety features. Any malfunction shall be immedi-ately reported to the supervising petty officer and the dryer shall be secured until the malfunction is corrected.Most shipboard dryer fires are as result of the following operator error or negligence:

1. Leaving dryers unattended.

2. Short cycling wash formula resulting in residual oils, greases and solvents remaining in clothing.

3. Over drying light synthetic items because they have been combined with heavier items.

4. Failing to use cool down cycle.

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5. Leaving hot dried items in the dryer for an extended period.

6. Allowing primary and secondary lint traps to become clogged.

7. Allowing heating coils to become dirty or clogged.

8. Operating dryer with defective high limit safety interlocks and temperature gauges.

655-2.6 LAUNDRY FINISHING EQUIPMENT

655-2.6.1 Laundry Presses. A general utility and pant topper laundry press is composed of two steam or elec-trically heated pressing surfaces. The top pressing surface, the head, is the moving surface. The pressing surfaceof the head is a highly polished concave metal plate. The lower pressing surface, the buck, is a convex station-ary surface covered with a mesh/spring base pad, two layers of flannel and an outer cover cloth. The movementof the head to the buck pressing surface is accomplished through pneumatics and mechanical linkages. The shapeof the head and buck allows the operator to press a garment efficiently to a desired finish. Pressing of the gar-ment is done while the garment is damp (creases, folds, and wrinkles are relaxed). The laundry press applies highheat and pressure on the garment’s fibers to dry, straighten and set the finish. The padding on the press must bekept resilient to achieve quality finishing results while preventing damage to items like buttons and zippers onthe garments. A laundry press is designed to press cotton and cotton blend garments with high heat and pressure.Using ordinary pressing techniques to press polyester synthetics and wool garments on a laundry press will resultin permanent damage to the garment due to the application of high temperature heat. Polyester synthetics andwool garments can be pressed on a laundry press at reduced temperatures. However, the pressing of wool andpolyester synthetics should be accomplished on a dry cleaning press whenever possible since a laundry press willnot provide the desired quality and requires a special pressing technique.

Laundry presses shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59363 havingthe following classifications:

Type 1 - Laundry presses, steam heated.

Class B - Pant topper, double.

Class C - General utility

Type 2 - Laundry presses, electrically heated.

Class B-E - Pant topper, double.

Class C-E - General utility

The essential characteristics of laundry presses are as follows:

1. The equipment frame shall be of malleable iron or steel finished for corrosion resistance. Gray cast iron orother brittle material shall not be used for structural parts or strength members.

2. Moving parts which pose a potential safety hazard to personnel shall be enclosed or shielded by metal guards.Provisions shall be made to readily remove guards over parts requiring adjustment and maintenance.

3. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to an angle iron foundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the founda-tion under machinery and ship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

4. Type 1 laundry press flexible steam hose assemblies shall be extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hose

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with stainless steel wire braid and end fittings in accordance with SAE AS604 or AS620. Exposed steamhoses shall be sheathed to prevent the operator or maintenance personnel from incidental contact that mightresult in burn accidents.

5. Type 1 laundry press shall be steam heated suitable for a steam working pressure of 100 to 125 psi gauge.Steam pressure vessels shall be manufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirementsof ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1. Type 2 laundry press shall beelectrically heated by sheathed, electrical strip heating elements.

6. Type 1 and 2 laundry press shall be pneumatically operated. An air regulator and gauge shall be installed onthe LP air supply line of each laundry press to maintain correct and constant LP air pressure of not less than65 psi gauge. The press head shall be moved continuously and uniformly by air power only so as to makecontact with the opposite member. The press head shall return to the open position when the low pressure(LP) air is turned-off.

7. Type 1 and 2 laundry press pneumatic power application for the moving member shall be controlled bysimultaneous two hand operation or by a manually operated safety bar that closes the press when pusheddown and opens the press when lifted. The safety bar shall surround the periphery of the press head exceptin way of the rear operating mechanism and precede the head in closing. The press head shall automaticallyreturn to the opened position if one or both closure buttons are released prior to the head making contactwith the buck or if the safety bar comes in contact with an obstruction on the downstroke. The press headshall also not lock closed if it comes in contact with an obstruction greater than 3/4″.

8. Type 1 and 2 laundry press shall be provided with a means for manually adjusting the head pressure to con-form to varying thickness’ of the garments being pressed and to accommodate buck padding shrinkage.

9. A shock absorber or similar mechanism shall be provided on Type 1 and 2 press to permit checking of thehead to a smooth, silent stop but not to interfere with rapid opening or closing of the head.

10. Type 1 and 2 presses shall be provided with a rigid and finished metal work table under the buck and sup-port press work which overlaps buck. Table and edges shall be snag free.

11. Type 1 and 2 press shall be readily and easily disassembled into several subassemblies without cutting, braz-ing or welding for transporting through a shipboard standard 26 inch x 66 inch watertight door and reassem-bly in the laundry space.

12. The head and buck thermostats on Type 2 laundry press shall have a maximum temperature settings of 320°F and 275° F respectively.

13. Type 2 laundry presses shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD-1399, Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation onboard ship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shallbe permitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves. Allelectrical panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be drip proof orbetter.

655-2.6.1.1 Installation Requirements. Laundry presses shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. The standard laundry press work station shall consists of two utility presses and one pants topper pressarranged in a U-shaped configuration to allow one operator to finish press multiple garments at one time.

2. The foundation shall be reasonably level and flat to ensure metal to metal attachment of the press to the foun-dation.

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3. Laundry presses installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assemble. The strainer in the orificeassembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines should havea y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from the orifice.The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

4. Electric, hot head presses used for finishing synthetic and wool uniforms shall be provided with a head gridplate to prevent shinning and damage to fabric.

5. A ventilation exhaust hood shall be installed on each laundry press head to remove heat generated by theequipment at a rate of 500 cubic feet per minute.

6. Posting of safety and operational placards are required at each press station (Table 655-2-7).

655-2.6.1.1.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper laundry press operationthe following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure that the inspection covers and access panels are securely in place.

2. Ensure that the laundry press air pressure is properly adjusted. The proper LP air pressure setting for the laun-dry press can be located in the equipment technical manual.

3. Ensure that the pressing surfaces heat up properly and maintains an even temperature across the surfaces.

4. Ensure that the steam pressure to the steam heated laundry presses is maintained between 80 to 125 psi.

5. Ensure that the steam and LP air service piping is not leaking and ensure that the steam piping is properlylagged.

6. Ensure that the laundry press shock absorber/snubber is filled with oil.

7. Ensure that there is 3/4 to 1 inch of resilient padding on the laundry press buck. Ensure that a laundry pressbuck cover is installed over the padding with the correct side out. The buck cover must be clean, not worn,and held tightly in place by the draw string and springs.

8. Ensure the flexible hose from the laundry press head ventilation hood to the exhaust ductwork is connectedand in good condition.

9. Ensure a spray gun is installed at each press station in accordance withparagraph 655-1.5, item 21.

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LAUNDRY PRESS/ELECTRIC DRY CLEANING PRESS

WARNING

THIS EQUIPMENT SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNELAND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE PRESS. DO NOT BYPASS ORDISCONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURE SUCH AS THE DUAL CLOSING BUTTONS, SAFETY BAR ANDHEAD LOCKING MECHANISM. DO NOT OVERRIDE TWO HAND OPERATION.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. PRIOR TO OPERATING THE PRESS ENSURE PROPER STEAM PRESSURE OF 100 PSI OR HEAD ANDBUCK THERMOSTAT SETTINGS OF 310° F AND 270° F RESPECTIVELY. ON ELECTRICALLY HEATED DRYCLEANING PRESSES WITH HEAD GRID PLATE ENSURE THERMOSTAT SETTINGS OF 270° F. ADJUST AIRPRESSURE TO 80 PSI.2. INSPECT PADDING. PADDING SHOULD BE 3/4 TO 1 INCH DEEP, RESILIENT, CLEAN AND NOT EXCES-SIVELY WORN. PADS SHOULD BE CHANGED BI-MONTHLY AND COVERS WASHED WEEKLY.3. LAY GARMENT ON BUCK.4. LOWER PRESS HEAD BY DEPRESSING BOTH CLOSING BUTTONS SIMULTANEOUSLY OR BY PULLINGDOWN ON THE SAFETY BAR UNTIL THE HEAD IS CLOSED AND LOCKED. RELEASING ONE OR BOTHBUTTONS ON THE DOWN STROKE WILL RELEASE THE HEAD TO THE OPEN POSITION.5. DO NOT LEAVE PRESS UNATTENDED WHILE GARMENT IS IN THE PRESS AND THE HEAD IS IN THECLOSED POSITION.6. AFTER THE GARMENT HAS BEEN PROPERLY PRESSED RELEASE THE HEAD BY EITHER DEPRESSINGTHE OPEN BUTTON OR LIFTING UP ON THE SAFETY RELEASE BAR.7. REPEAT ABOVE STEPS FOR THE REMAINING LAYS.8. AFTER GARMENT IS COMPLETELY PRESSED REMOVE AND HANG AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

655-2.6.1.2 Operational Procedure. General laundry press operating steps are provided herein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of laundry presses have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

1. Gradually open the steam supply and condensate return line valves on steam heated laundry presses or ener-gize electrically heated laundry presses and set head and buck thermostats to 310° F and 270° F respectively.Heating time for the laundry press is approximately 20 to 30 minutes.

2. If necessary, wax the laundry press head surface when the head becomes hot.

3. Open the LP air supply line and check the air pressure gauge on the laundry press. Adjust the laundry pressair regulator to the appropriate LP air pressure setting for the laundry press.

4. Determine the number of press lays required to press the garment or garments.

5. Determine the logical sequence of press lays to efficiently press the garment or garments.

6. Lay the garment or garments on the buck pressing surface.

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7. Use the water spray gun to moisten the garment on the buck pressing surface. Garments must be damp inorder to achieve quality pressing results in a timely manner.

8. Close the press head by depressing both recessed buttons simultaneously or pulling down on the safety bar.If necessary adjust the laundry press head closing speed and smoothness by adjusting the air needle valveand shock absorber respectively.

9. Closure time of the laundry press is roughly 15 seconds, however the actual pressing time depends on thematerial and the dampness of the garment being pressed.

10. Open the laundry press using the opening release button or lifting up the safety bar.

11. Repeat the above steps until the garment or garments are finished.

655-2.6.1.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper laundry press operation andprior to placing the press in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recommended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of laundry presses have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

1. Ensure that the closing speed of the laundry press head is smooth. The laundry press closing speed andsmoothness of operation can be changed by adjusting the needle valve and shock absorber respectively.

2. Ensure the simultaneous two button closure operation functions properly or safety bar is operable and adjustedproperly on the laundry presses.

3. Ensure that the 3/4 inch safety non-locking feature functions properly.

4. Ensure the press head press pressure is adjusted properly.

655-2.6.1.3 Maintenance Requirements. The supervising petty officer is responsible for ensuring the laundrypresses are properly cared for and maintained. Dirt, grease and other accumulations should be removed dailyfrom the exterior of the press. Proper steam and air pressures should be verified prior to operation Operatorsshould monitor mechanical problems that may occur between scheduled maintenance checks. Typical problemsmay include insufficient temperature, improper opening and closing speed, improper snubbing action, inadequatehead pressure, etc. Any equipment malfunction or emergent maintenance problem should be reported immedi-ately to the supervising petty officer. Only qualified shipboard maintenance personnel should perform mechani-cal or electrical maintenance. Laundry personnel shall not perform this type of maintenance.

655-2.6.1.3.1 Cleaning Press Heads. Press heads must be kept clean at all times so that clothing does not pickup stains from the press head. Press head cleaner, press head wax and press head mitts are required to clean thepress head. The press head mitt has one smooth side for evenly applying the press head cleaner and one side ofsteel wool for scrubbing the press head. The excess press head cleaner is to be removed with clean rags using thepress head mitt to prevent burns. Wax is to be applied to the press head after it has been properly cleaned.

655-2.6.1.3.2 Changing Pads. Presses must be properly padded with 3/4 to 1 inch of resilient padding at alltimes. Crushed padding or excess head pressure will produce poor quality work, break buttons and zippers, andtransfer burn odors to the clothing. The press padding and cover should be changed a the following intervals:

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1. One steel wool pad yearly.

2. Two flannel pads every two months under normal usage.

3. One press cover as required.

655-2.6.2 Flatwork Ironers. A flatwork ironer consists of a revolving steam or electrically heated cylinderagainst which the flatwork (bed and table linen) is pressed using a padded pressure roller. The flatwork is deliv-ered to the flatwork ironer damp for finishing. The flatwork is fed into the front of the flatwork ironer and feedribbons lead the flatwork over the heated cylinder. At the rear of the flatwork ironer, return ribbons press the flat-work against the underside of the heated cylinder and returns the flatwork to the front of the flatwork ironer ontoa metal table. The drive/feed rate on the flatwork ironer is manually adjusted so that the flatwork is adequatelydried and finished during the ironing process.

Flatwork ironers shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59363 havingthe following classifications:

Type 3 - Flatwork ironer, cylinder, steam heated

Class A - 85-inch ironer

Class B - 60-inch ironer

Type 4 - Flatwork ironer, cylinder, electrically heated

Class A - 85-inch ironer

Class B - 60-inch ironer

The essential characteristics of flatwork ironers are as follows:


2. Type 3 flatwork ironer shall be steam heated suitable for a steam working pressure of 100 to 125 psi gauge.Steam pressure vessels shall be manufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirementsof ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1. Type 4 flatwork ironer shallbe electrically heated with the heating elements mounted inside the revolving cylinder. Maximum rating ofelectric heating elements shall be 28 and 20 kW for Class and A and Class B respectively.

3. Flexible steam hose assemblies on Type 3 flatwork ironers shall be extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylenehose with stainless steel wire braid and end fittings in accordance with SAE AS604 or AS620. Exposed steamhoses shall be sheathed to prevent the operator or maintenance personnel from incidental contact that mightresult in burn accidents.

4. Type 4 machines shall be provided with a adjustable thermostat which automatically cycles on and off tomaintain the desired temperature.

5. Exposed pulleys, gears, springs, cams, rollers and other moving parts shall be fully enclosed and guarded,including the top and rear, to prevent contact with personnel. A finger safety guard shall be provided to pre-vent operator entanglement with the drive mechanism and arranged so that a slight movement of the guard inthe feeding direction will immediately stop the machine. Provisions shall be made to readily remove guardsover parts requiring adjustment and maintenance.

6. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the foundationunder machinery and ship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

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7. The equipment shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD-13-99,Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation on boardship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shall be per-mitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves. All electri-cal panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof or better.

8. The drive rate shall be adjustable from 16 to 36 feet per minute to provide proper finishing of different fab-rics.

655-2.6.2.1 Installation Requirements. Flatwork ironers shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. The foundation shall be reasonably level and flat to ensure metal to metal attachment of the flatwork ironerto the foundation.

2. Flatwork ironers installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assemble. The strainer in the ori-fice assembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines shouldhave a y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from theorifice. The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

3. A ventilation exhaust hood shall be installed on flatwork ironers to remove heat generated by the equipmentat a rate of 500 cubic feet per minute.

4. Posting of safety and operational placards are required at each flatwork ironer (Table 655-2-8).

655-2.6.2.1.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper flatwork ironer opera-tion the following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure that the safety guards, inspection covers and access panels are securely in place.

2. Ensure that the flatwork ironer heated cylinder heats up properly and maintains an even temperature acrossthe pressing surfaces.

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FLAT WORK IRONER

WARNING

THIS EQUIPMENT SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNELAND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE PRESS. DO NOT BYPASS ORDISCONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURE. DO NOT OPERATE IRONER IF FINGER SAFETY BAR IS NOTOPERATIONAL OR IF WIRE SAFETY GUARDS ARE NOT IN PLACE. NEVER ATTEMPT TO REMOVE ANARTICLE ONCE IT BEGINS TO PASS THROUGH ROLLERS. IF AN ARTICLE BECOMES BOUND ORTANGLED TURN OFF THE MACHINE AND LOOSEN THE ROLLERS. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REMOVE THEARTICLE WHILE THE IRONER IS RUNNING.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. VERIFY POWER IS TURNED ON. ENSURE COMPRESSION ROLLER IS DISENGAGED AND SPEED CON-TROL IS SET AT SLOWEST SETTING. ENSURE IRONER IS PROPERLY WAXED AND IS CLEAR OFOBSTRUCTIONS AND FOREIGN OBJECTS.2. START FLATWORK IRONER BY DEPRESSING START BUTTON.3. VERIFY OPERATION OF FINGER SAFETY BAR AND ENSURE IRONER SHUTS OFF. RESTART AFTERVERIFYING PROPER OPERATION.4. SLOWLY OPEN STEAM VALVE. GRADUALLY ALLOW STEAM TO ENTER CYLINDER THE IRONER WILLTAKE APPROXIMATELY 30 MINUTES TO REACH PROPER IRONING TEMPERATURES (300°-340°F).5. ENGAGE COMPRESSION ROLLER BY STEPPING ON FOOT PEDAL.6. BEGIN PROCESSING FLATWORK. PLACE FABRIC ON FRONT CONVEYOR FABRIC WILL BE TAKENUNDER DOFFER ROLLER, FINGER SAFETY BAR AND INTO CONTACT WITH THE HEATED CYLINDER ANDCOMPRESSION ROLLER7. CONTINUE TO PROCESS FABRICS IN A SEQUENCE OF FEEDING, FOLDING AND STACKING. USE THEENTIRE LENGTH OF THE HEATED ROLLER ADJUST OPERATING SPEED AS NECESSARY.8. AFTER COMPLETION, SECURE FLATWORK IRONER BY RAISING COMPRESSION ROLLER, SECURESTEAM AND ALLOW IRONER TO CONTINUE TO OPERATE FOR APPROXIMATELY 20-30 MINUTES TOALLOW THE HEATED CYLINDER AND OTHER ROLLERS AND COMPONENTS TO PROPERLY COOL DOWN.

3. Ensure that the steam pressure to the flatwork ironer is maintained between 80 to 125 psi.

4. Ensure that the steam piping is not leaking and is properly lagged.

5. Ensure the flatwork ironer grease and oil cups, and gear reducer oil reservoirs are filled to the proper levels.

6. Ensure that the padding on the flatwork ironer compression roller is resilient.

7. Ensure that the flatwork ironer feed and return ribbons and compression roller covering are free of grim, dirt,and scratches.

8. Ensure that the flatwork ironer heated cylinder pressing surface is properly waxed using hot flaked paraffinwax or ″Hot-Head Press Lube″. Waxing must be accomplished while the surface is hot. Waxing of the flat-work ironer heated cylinder shall be in accordance with the equipment technical manual.

655-2.6.2.2 Operational Procedure. General flatwork ironer operating steps are provided herein:

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NOTE

Different makes, models and types of flatwork ironers have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

WARNING

Prior to operation ensure the proper operation of the finger safety guardmechanism. Moving the finger guard slightly toward the rollers should deac-tivate the ironer.

WARNING

Never reach over, under or behind the safety guard or into any area of theheated roller or moving parts without first shutting off the ironer at thepower source.

1. The compression roller shall be disengaged from the heated cylinder prior to start-up.

2. Slowly open the steam valve on Type 3 flatwork ironers and energize the drive mechanism. Heating time is20 to 30 minutes.

3. Waxing of the flatwork ironer, if necessary, shall be accomplished after the flatwork ironer is hot. The wax-ing procedure can be found in the equipment technical manual.

4. Set to the lowest speed by adjusting the speed control handle.

5. Engage the compression roller onto the heated cylinder.

WARNING

Do not try to remove jammed linen or material while the machine is run-ning. If an item is jammed, shut off the ironer at the power source beforeremoving.

6. Feed the damp flatwork edge into the flatwork ironer.

7. If the flatwork is damp upon it;s return, lower the flatwork ironers feed rate speed. If the flatwork is roughor appears too dry increase the feed rate speed.

8. Repeat above steps working up and down the entire length of the flatwork ironer when finishing flatwork.

9. During off workload periods the compression roller should be disengaged from the heated cylinder.

10. At the end of the work day the steam valve should be closed and the flatwork ironer allowed to cooldownbefore de-energizing the drive mechanism.

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655-2.6.2.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper flatwork ironer operationand prior to placing flatwork ironer in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recom-mended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of flatwork ironers have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

1. Ensure the feed rate adjustment of the flatwork ironer is smooth. Ensure smooth activation of the paddedcompression roller onto the heated cylinder.

2. Insure that the flatwork ironer finger safety guard is operating properly. The guard shall deactivate the ironerwhen engaged.

655-2.6.2.3 Maintenance Requirements. The supervising petty officer is responsible for ensuring flatworkironer is are properly cared for and maintained. Dirt, grease and other accumulations should be removed dailyfrom the exterior of the press. Operators should monitor mechanical problems that may occur between scheduledmaintenance checks. Any equipment malfunction or emergent maintenance problem should be reported immedi-ately to the supervising petty officer. Only qualified shipboard maintenance personnel should perform mechani-cal or electrical maintenance. Laundry personnel shall not perform this type of maintenance.

655-2.6.2.3.1 Waxing. Waxing produces a smooth finish on flatwork. Prolongs ribbon life, and prevents linenfrom sticking to the heated cylinder. Laundry personnel should wax the ironer every morning and after every 6to 8 hours of use. The ironer is waxed using a strip of cloth about 3 feet wide and the length of the cylinder.Wax, as recommended by the manufacturer, is to be sprinkled evenly over half of the strip and the other halffolded over. The cloth is then fed through the ironer, folded end first, several times. Care must be taken to notover wax the cylinder as this may cause the return ribbons and drive material to deteriorate. Wax shall never besprinkled directly on to the ironer.

655-2.6.2.3.2 Ribbons. Worn, discolored or torn ribbons shall be replaced by engineering personnel in accor-dance with the procedures described in the equipment technical manual. The ironer should be waxed followingribbon replacement.

655-2.6.2.3.3 Return Ribbon Friction Material. The return ribbon drive roll operates the ironer return ribbons.It is located in the front of the ironer under the canvas feed ribbons. For the ironer return ribbons to be drivenproperly, the ribbon drive roll must be properly covered with frictional material. Special 6 inch wide frictionmaterial wound around the drive roll is used for this purpose. When the friction material becomes smooth orworn, engineering personnel shall replace it in accordance with the procedures described in the equipment tech-nical manual. If this material is not replaced the ironer return ribbons will not be driven at he right speed. Returnribbons should run faster than the heated and padded compression rollers. Jamming or wrinkling of the linensunder the return ribbons indicate the ribbons are not running a the proper speed. This may be an indication thatthe friction material need to be replaced.

655-2.6.2.3.4 Pads and Covers. If the padding on the ironer pressure rolls loses it’s resiliency or becomesscorched or burned engineering personnel shall replace it in accordance with the procedures described in theequipment technical manual. If the padding at one end should become more compressed than at the other end

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pass some heavy towels through the thicker end. This should compress the padding so it is similar in diameteracross the width of the roll. A minimum amount of pressure should be applied on the padding to extend the lifeof the padding. Maximizing the pressure on the padding will not improve drying but will cause the padding towear out faster.

655-2.7 DRY CLEANING MACHINES

The dry cleaning process is performed on garments which are damaged by, or do not clean well by washingin water with detergent and drying at high temperatures. The dry cleaning washing process uses charged syntheticperchloroethylene (dry cleaning solvent) to clean these fabrics. The dry cleaning machine performs three majorfunctions to accomplish the dry cleaning process: washing, extracting, and drying. The machine is automaticallyoperated by means of a electro-mechanical or microprocessor automatic formula control unit. The most conve-nient program is a single filtered bath with distillation. The dry cleanable garments are loaded into a perforated,cylindrical basket which will rotate inside a tub when in operation. Once the main door is secured, dry cleaningsolvent is pumped into the cylindrical basket passing through a set of filter units which exist in the machine toremove any impurities residing in the solvent. The garments are then cleaned by mechanical and chemical actionduring the wash cycle. When the solvent level for the wash process is reached, the base tank valve closes andsolvent is continually circulated through the filters and basket. After the wash process the dry cleaning machinedrains the solvent from the cylinder back into the base tank and enters the extract process. The extraction of drycleaning solvent from the garment is performed by the centrifugal force created by increased rotational speed ofthe basket. After the extraction process, the dry cleaning garments are tumbled dried with heat. Heat is createdby activation of a heat pump refrigeration system and supplemental steam coil sending heated air into in the cyl-inder. The heat vaporizes the dry cleaning solvent and the vapor is drawn-off to a recovery housing where it ispassed through a refrigerated coil and is condensed to a liquid. The liquid then passes through a water separatoron its way to the base tank. The dry cleaning garments are then removed from the cylinder for finishing work.During the process solvent is introduces into the still automatically via the program. The distilling process elimi-nates dyes and other impurities that carbon core filtering elements are unable to remove from the dry cleaningsolvent. The distilling process vaporizes the solvent by indirect steam heating leaving the impurities behind inthe still which must be periodically cleaned.

655-2.7.1 20 Pound Capacity; Closed Circuit. Dry cleaning machines shall be manufactured in accordance withCommercial Item Description A-A-59362. The dry cleaning machine shall comply with the applicable EPANational Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants and the OSHA permissible exposure limits for perchlo-roethylene as applicable to afloat units.

The essential characteristics of a dry cleaning machine are as follows:

1. Dry cleaning machines shall be self-contained with combination washer-extractor-dryer, closed circuitrefrigeration-heat pump solvent recovery system, still, filters, solvent storage tanks, vapor containment sys-tem, button trap, water separator and a automatic formula control unit. The load capacity shall be 20 pounds.

2. The automatic formula control unit shall be programmable and automatically control the machine through acomplete cycle of fill, wash, drain, extract, dry, deodorize, filter and distill.

3. The refrigeration unit shall be water cooled of the combination condenser/receiver type. The compressor shallbe hermetically sealed and the system shall be fitted with a means of discharging and adding refrigerant. Thesystem shall operate efficiently with cooling water temperatures of between 40° F and 50° F. The flow ofwater to the condenser shall be controlled by a regulating valve actuated by condenser gas pressures. Theflow of refrigerant shall be regulated by a thermostatic expansion valve.

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4. The base storage tank shall be two independent tanks with a capacity of not less than 30 gallons each. Thetank shall be provided with a button/lint trap, solvent level sight glass and clean out access plate.

5. The still shall have a capacity of not less than 30 gallons and distill at a rate of not less than 50 gallons perhour. The still shall be provided with a drain and clean out cover to remove residue and oil buildup. A floatassembly shall be installed in the still that will open the steam valve at a preset level to automatically ini-tiate the distilling process. A manual valve shall be provided to secure the distilling process, if required, atany time while there is solvent in the still. A pressure relief valve shall be fitted on the still that will releaseat a pressure of 7 pounds per square inch. A sensing device shall be provided which automatically supplieswater to the condenser any time the still is in operation.

6. The filtration canisters shall accommodate four paper/carbon core filter cartridges. The filter canisters shallrecirculate solvent back to the cylinder, still or base storage tank.

7. A temperature gauge and regulator shall be provided which will activate the supplemental steam coil duringthe drying cycle. A temperature gauge shall also be provided which indicates the temperature of the air com-ing off the cooling coil to monitor the proper operation of the reclaim cycle.


9. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for anchoring the machine to a hullfoundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the foundation under machinery andship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

10. An electric interlock shall prevent the shell door from opening while the machine is in operation and themachine shall not start with the door opened.

11. The machine shall be equipped with an adjustable vibration limit cut-out device to disconnect service shouldexcessive, equipment damaging vibration occur.


13. An emergency stop button or switch shall be located on the front of the machine within an accessible area.The button/switch shall bring the machine to an immediate stop when activated.

14. The machine shall provide reversing rotation of cylinder when in the wash speed. The cylinder shall reversea minimum of three times per 95 seconds.

15. The machine shall operate on 440-volt, 60-hertz, 3-phase electrical system as defined by MIIL-STD-1399,Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installation on boardship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds shall be per-mitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves. All elec-trical panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof. Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof or better.

16. Steam pressure vessels shall be manufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirementsof ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1. Flexible steam supply andcondensate lines shall be composed of extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hose with stainless steel(CRES) braided reinforcement and threaded end couplings. Steam supply and condensate flexible hoseassemblies shall be in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) AS604 or AS620 speci-fications and Naval Ship’s Technical Manual S6430-AE-TED-010.

17. A vapor containment system shall be provided that prevents the escape of solvent vapors from the cylinderwhen the shell door is opened.

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655-2.7.2 Installation Requirements. Dry cleaning machines shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. Service piping shall contain a flexible section of hose 14 to 18 inch in length installed between the ship’sservice piping and the dry cleaning machine (see NSTM Chapter 505, Piping Systems).

2. Steam supply and condensate lines shall be composed of extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hosewith stainless steel (CRES) braided reinforcement and threaded end couplings. Steam supply and condensateflexible hose assemblies shall be in accordance with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) AS604 orAS620 specifications and Naval Ship’s Technical Manual S6430-AE-TED-010.

3. Dry cleaning machines with steam condensate lines shall use orifice assemblies. The strainer in the orificeassembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines should havea y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from the orifice.The inlet steam connection shall come off of the top of the steam header.

4. The cooling water flexible hose assemblies shall be constructed of synthetic rubber hose reinforced with wireor synthetic fiber and provided with threaded end couplings in accordance with MIL-H-24135/10 or MIL-H-24136/3.

5. The low pressure air supply line shall be plastic tubing capable of withstanding a working air pressure of150 psi.

6. Flexible solvent lines to and from the sump are to be teflon hose with corrosion resistant reinforcement.

7. An electric solenoid valve shall be installed on the inlet side of the cooling water line and shall be interlockto the machine’s main on/off switch. A cooling water regulator and gauge are to be installed and set at 45psi or as specified by the equipment manufacturer. The pressure gauge should be designated and located suchthat it is clearly legible to the operator from the operator’s normal position in front of the dry cleaningmachine. The gauge must be periodically calibrated.

8. A steam gauge shall be installed on the main steam inlet line and a separate steam regulator and calibratedgauge shall be installed on the steam inlet line to the still. The pressure to the still must be regulated inaccordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation to prevent still boil over.

9. The dry cleaning space exhaust ventilation shall be interlocked with the dry cleaning machine to preventoperation of the machine without the ventilation system operating (COMNAVSEASYSCOM LTR 56Y11/FHS/CW/SER 241, 12 JUL 83).

10. A ventilation exhaust downcomer shall be installed in the rear of the machine where high concentration ofperchloroethylene vapors might accumulate; i.e. filter areas, still, button trap, etc. The exhaust downcomershall be installed within the coaming area positioned approximately 9″ above the deck.

11. The dry cleaning space ventilation ductwork shall be independent of ships exhaust system (NAVSHIP 0938-018-0010) and vented overboard such that it will not contaminate other ventilation systems, accesses, com-partments, etc.

12. The dry cleaning machine foundation shall be constructed of angle iron or similar structure properly rein-forced so that it will not give under the stresses created by the machine. The foundation shall be reasonablylevel and flat to ensure metal to metal attachment to the machine’s base. The use of shims or grout to com-pensate for irregularities and to ensure complete bearing between mounting surfaces shall be in accordancewith the manufacturer’s instructions. Foundations made of long metal plates should be avoided. The use ofmetal plates tend to quickly disintegrate due to corrosion and vibrational forces.

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13. Dry cleaning machines shall be surrounded by a 3″ coaming with 1/2″ diameter corrosion resistant rod ontop of sufficient size to hold a spill equal to 110 percent of the working capacity of the machine. No deckdrains shall be installed within the coaming.

14. Posting of safety and operational placards (Table 655-2-9) shall be provided in the vicinity of the dry clean-ing machine.

15. Dry cleaning machines shall not be installed in the laundry space.

16. The solvent storage tank shall be installed with the following features:

16.1 A direct reading solvent level sight gage.

16.2 A clean-out plate.

16.3 A capped nipple drain.

16.4 A gravity feed fill line to the dry cleaning machine with a stop valve in the discharge line.

16.5 An air escape piped to 12 feet above the weather deck.

16.6 The tank material shall be corrosion resistant steel in accordance with ASTM A 167, type 304.

16.7 The fill line to the tank shall be gravity fed from the weather deck or hangar bay.

17. Personal protective gear shall be available in the event of perchloroethylene spills. The gear should consistof an organic respirator, goggles/face shield, coveralls, chemical gloves, chemical apron, and an eye washstation.

655-2.7.2.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper dry cleaning operationthe following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure gaskets are in good condition (main door, button trap, lint trap, etc).

2. Ensure door latches will close, seat properly and are in good condition (main door, lint traps, button trap).

3. Ensure the steam piping is properly lagged.

4. Ensure drive belts are in good condition, aligned and tight.

5. Ensure belt guards are in place.

6. Ensure the cylinder drum is in good material condition.

7. Ensure the exterior of the machine is in sound condition.

8. Ensure the bearings, pump, drum and motors are in good condition.

9. Check lubrication of motor/pump bearings, cylinder bearings, and air lubricator (if provided).

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DRY CLEANING PLANT

WARNING

THIS MACHINE SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNEL ANDEQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE MACHINE. DO NOT BYPASS OR DIS-CONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURES. PERSONNEL MUST GUARD AGAINST EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TOPERCHLOROETHYLENE VAPORS, CONTACT OF THE SOLVENT WITH THE SKIN, INGESTION ANDSPLASHING OF SOLVENT INTO THE EYES. ENSURE ADEQUATE PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIP-MENT IS AVAILABLE IN THE EVENT OF A SOLVENT LEAKS, SPILLS OR OTHER MISHAPS. THEMACHINE SHALL BE OPERATED IN AUTOMATIC MODE UNLESS SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES DICTATEOTHERWISE. DO NOT LEAVE THE SPACE UNATTENDED WHILE THE MACHINE IS IN OPERATION.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. VERIFY POWER AND VENTILATION IS TURNED ON AND STEAM, WATER AND AIR VALVES AREOPENED AS APPLICABLE. DRY CLEANING PLANT WILL NOT OPERATE WITH THE EXHAUST VENTILA-TION SECURED. DO NOT OPERATE MACHINE WITHOUT ADEQUATE STEAM OR COOLING WATER.2. LOAD MACHINE WITH CLOTHING, DO NOT EXCEED MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF MACHINE. CLOSE ANDSECURE LOADING DOOR3. START MACHINE. PLACE TIMER DIAL IN START POSITION AND PUSH START BUTTON. ON CLOSEDCIRCUIT MACHINES WITH CARD CONTROLLER DEPRESS RESET BUTTON AFTER MACHINE HAS BEENENERGIZED, DEPRESS THE AUTOMATIC MODE PUSH BUTTON, INSERT THE PROGRAM CARD IN THECARD TRANSMITTER SLOT, PLACE THE PROGRAM PAUSE BUTTON IN THE READY POSITION ANDDEPRESS THE GREEN START BUTTON TO ACTIVATE THE FORMULA.4. ALLOW THE MACHINE TO OPERATE THROUGH THE FULL AUTOMATIC OPERATION. PERIODICALLYMONITOR THE MACHINE OPERATION AND INFORM THE LAUNDRY SUPERVISOR OF ANY ABNORMALOPERATION OR PRESENCE OF SOLVENT VAPORS.5. AT CYCLE END CANCEL SIGNAL. ON CLOSED CIRCUIT MACHINES CANCEL SIGNAL BY DEPRESSINGTHE ″AUTO″ BUTTON, DO NOT TURN THE MACHINE OFF PRIOR TO UNLOADING CLOTHES OR THEDOOR EXHAUST FAN AND WATER SEPARATOR DRAIN WILL NOT ENERGIZE. OPEN CYLINDER DOORAND REMOVE GARMENTS.6. NOTIFY DRY CLEANING SUPERVISOR IF RESIDUAL SOLVENT SMELL REMAINS IN GARMENT WHENREMOVED FROM PLANT. RESIDUAL SMELL IS AN INDICATION THE PLANT IS NOT DRYING, RECLAIM-ING OR DEODORIZING PROPERLY. THE PLANT SHOULD NOT BE RUN IF THE SOLVENT SMELL REMAINSEVIDENT IN THE FINISHED GARMENTS.

10. Ensure the air, steam and water pressure regulators are properly set.

655-2.7.3 Operational Procedure. General dry cleaning machine operating steps are provided herein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of dry cleaning machines have slight varia-tions in their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navyapproved or COTS technical manual.

1. Prior to operating the machine fill base storage tank with solvent and fill the filter housing in accordance withthe manufacturer’s instructions.

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2. Ensure the solvent pump is properly primed prior to operation. The pump should never be run dry for morethan one minute.

3. Rotate main control switch to the ON position to energize the machine.

4. Reset red lighted push button after machine has been energized.

5. Load machine with garments, close and secure loading door.

6. Place the machine in automatic mode depressing the″AUTO″ button. Insert program card in card transmitterslot. Align the line on the program card with the bottom of the card transmitter cover.

7. Place the program pause switch located on the card transmitter in the ready position.

8. Depress the green program start button on the card transmitter to active the programmed formula.

9. At cycle end cancel the signal by depressing the″AUTO″ button. Do not turn the machine off prior to remov-ing the load. The machine must remain on in order for the door fan and water separator valve to energize.Open cylinder door and remove garments. Ensure the exhaust fan is energized while the door is opened.

655-2.7.3.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper dry cleaning machine opera-tion and prior to placing machine in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recom-mended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of dry cleaning machines have slight varia-tions in their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navyapproved or COTS technical manual.

1. Ensure control switches and indicators are properly functioning when in automatic cycle operations.

2. Ensure that the dry cleaning machine can not be started with the loading door open.

3. Ensure that there are no leaks from the supply and return connections. Check the tightness of hose clamps,pipe joints, electrical panels screws, etc. Check freedom of movement of the indicator pins on all air operatedvalves.

4. With the machine energized, the on/off switch in the on position and the loading door in the open position,verify operation of the dry cleaning machine exhaust fan.

5. Ensure that the steam solenoid to the supplemental heating coil is thermostatically controlled and set at amaximum of 120° F.

655-2.7.4 Maintenance Requirements. The supervising petty officer is responsible for ensuring the dry cleaningmachine is properly cared for and maintained. Dirt, grease and other accumulations should be removed daily fromthe exterior of the press. Operators should monitor mechanical problems that may occur between scheduledmaintenance checks. Any evidence of perchloroethylene vapors and any equipment malfunction or emergentmaintenance problem should be reported immediately to the supervising petty officer. Only qualified shipboardmaintenance personnel should perform mechanical or electrical maintenance. Laundry personnel shall not per-form this type of maintenance.

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655-2.8 DRY CLEANING FINISHING EQUIPMENT

655-2.8.1 Utility Presses. A dry cleaning utility press is composed of two heated pressing surfaces. The toppressing surface, the head, is the moving surface. The pressing surface of the head is a metal grid plate concavein shape and perforated with small holes. The head is comprised of a pressure chamber for heating and a spraychamber for relaxing garment fibers. The head pressing surface is covered with a perforated grid plate. The lowerconvex pressing surface (the buck) is stationary and is covered with padding and a cover cloth. The buck pressplate is also perforated with holes like the head and also contains a pressure and spray chamber. The movementof the head to the buck pressing surface is accomplished using pneumatics and mechanical linkages. The shapeof the head and buck allows the operator to press a garment efficiently and achieve a desired finish. Dry clean-able garments are finished using low temperature heat, pressure, and steam injection. During the pressing opera-tion, steam is injected through the garment from the head and buck spray chambers using the head operatinghandle and foot pedal respectively. The injection of steam into the garment relaxes the fabric fibers so that thefibers flow into position under low temperature heat and pressure from the press. To set the finish, an air vacuumunit attached to the buck spray chamber is used to draw-off the steam condensate and to dry the garment. Thevacuum is activated using a foot pedal which opens a vacuum valve to the buck spray chamber. The padding onthe press must be kept in good condition (resilient) to achieve good finishing results and to prevent damage toitems like buttons and zippers on garments.

Dry cleaning utility presses shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59471 having the following classifications:

Type 1 - Press, wool utility, pneumatically operated

The essential characteristics of dry cleaning utility presses are as follows:


2. Moving parts which pose a potential safety hazard to personnel shall be enclosed or shielded by metal guards.Provisions shall be made to readily remove guards over parts requiring adjustment and maintenance.

3. The base of the machine shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the founda-tion under machinery and ship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

4. Flexible steam hose assemblies shall be extruded or convoluted tetrafluoroethylene hose with stainless steelwire braid and end fittings in accordance with SAE AS604 or AS620. Exposed steam hoses shall be sheathedto prevent the operator or maintenance personnel from incidental contact that might result in burn accidents.

5. The press shall be steam heated suitable for a steam working pressure of 100 to 125 psi gauge. Steam pres-sure vessels shall be manufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirements of ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1.

6. The press shall be pneumatically operated. An air regulator and gauge shall be installed on the LP air sup-ply line of each press to maintain correct and constant LP air pressure of not less than 65 psi gauge. Thepress head shall be moved continuously and uniformly by air power only so as to make contact with theopposite member. The press head shall return to the open position when the low pressure (LP) air is turned-off.

7. Type 1 and 2 laundry press pneumatic power application for the moving member shall be controlled bysimultaneous two hand operation or by a manually operated safety bar that closes the press when pusheddown and opens the press when lifted. The safety bar shall surround the periphery of the press head except

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in way of the rear operating mechanism and precede the head in closing. The press head shall automaticallyreturn to the opened position if one or both closure buttons are released prior to the head making contactwith the buck or if the safety bar comes in contact with an obstruction on the downstroke.

8. The press shall be provided with a means for manually adjusting the head pressure to conform to varyingthickness’ of the garments being pressed and to accommodate buck padding shrinkage.

9. A shock absorber or similar mechanism shall be provided to permit checking of the head to a smooth, silentstop but not to interfere with rapid opening or closing of the head.

10. A rigid and finished metal work table shall be provided under the buck and support press work which over-laps buck. Table and edges shall be snag free.

11. The press shall be readily and easily disassembled into several subassemblies without cuffing, brazing orwelding for transporting through a shipboard standard 26 inch x 66 inch watertight door and reassembly inthe laundry space.

655-2.8.1.1 Installation Requirements. Dry cleaning presses shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:


2. Dry cleaning presses installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assemble. The strainer in theorifice assembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines shouldhave a y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from theorifice. The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

3. Posting of safety and operational placards are required at each press station (Table 655-2-10).

4. A ventilation exhaust hood shall be installed on each laundry press head to remove heat generated by theequipment at a rate of 500 cubic feet per minute.

655-2.8.1.1.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper dry cleaning pressoperation the following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure that the inspection covers and panels are securely in place.

2. Ensure that the air regulator is adjusted at the proper LP air pressure for the dry cleaning press. The properLP air pressure setting for the dry cleaning press can be located in the equipment technical manual.

3. Ensure that the head and buck heat up properly and maintains an even temperature across both pressing sur-faces.

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DRY CLEANING PRESS

WARNING

THIS EQUIPMENT SHALL BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. SERIOUS PERSONNELAND EQUIPMENT HAZARDS EXIST DURING THE OPERATION OF THE PRESS. DO NOT BYPASS ORDISCONNECT ANY SAFETY FEATURE SUCH AS THE DUAL CLOSING BUTTONS, SAFETY BAR ANDHEAD LOCKING MECHANISM. DO NOT OVERRIDE TWO HAND OPERATION.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. PRIOR TO OPERATING THE PRESS ENSURE PROPER STEAM PRESSURE OF 75-80 PSI TO OBTAIN AHEAD TEMPERATURE OF APPROXIMATELY 275°F. ADJUST AIR PRESSURE TO 80 PSI.2. INSPECT PADDING. PADDING SHOULD BE 3/4 TO 1 INCH DEEP, RESILIENT, CLEAN AND NOT EXCES-SIVELY WORN. PADS SHOULD BE CHANGED BI-MONTHLY AND COVERS WASHED WEEKLY.3. LAY GARMENT ON BUCK.4. LOWER PRESS HEAD BY DEPRESSING BOTH CLOSING BUTTONS SIMULTANEOUSLY OR BY PULLINGDOWN ON THE SAFETY BAR UNTIL THE HEAD IS CLOSED AND LOCKED. RELEASING ONE OR BOTHBUTTONS ON THE DOWN STROKE WILL RELEASE THE HEAD TO THE OPEN POSITION.5. INJECT STEAM INTO GARMENT BY DEPRESSING THE MANUAL HANDLE FOR HEAD STEAM AND/ORDEPRESSING THE MANUAL FOOT PEDAL FOR BUCK STEAM. REMOVE MOISTURE AND SET THE FINISHIN THE GARMENT BY DEPRESSING THE MANUAL FOOT PEDAL TO ACTIVATE THE VACUUM.6. DO NOT LEAVE PRESS UNATTENDED WHILE GARMENT IS IN THE PRESS AND THE HEAD IS IN THECLOSED POSITION.7. AFTER THE GARMENT HAS BEEN PROPERLY PRESSED RELEASE THE HEAD BY EITHER DEPRESSINGTHE OPEN BUTTON OR LIFTING UP ON THE SAFETY RELEASE BAR.8. REPEAT ABOVE STEPS FOR THE REMAINING LAYS.9. AFTER GARMENT IS COMPLETELY PRESSED REMOVE AND HANG AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

4. Ensure proper head temperature of approximately 285° F which should be maintained with 75-80 PSIGsteam. This is the average temperature and pressure to provide steam with the proper moisture content.

5. Ensure that the steam and LP air service piping is not leaking.

6. Ensure that the steam piping is properly lagged.

7. Ensure that the shock absorber/snubber is filled with oil.

8. Ensure that there is 3/4 to 1 inch of resilient padding on the buck.

9. Ensure that a buck cover is installed over the padding with the correct side out. The buck cover must beclean, not worn, and held tightly in place by the draw string and springs.

10. Ensure that the head grid plate is clean, not worn, and held tightly in place by a draw string.

11. Ensure the flexible hose from the dry cleaning press head ventilation hood to the exhaust ductwork is con-nected and in good condition.

655-2.8.1.2 Operational Procedure. General dry cleaning press operating steps are provided herein:

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NOTE

Different makes, models and types of dry cleaning presses have slight variationsin their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navyapproved or COTS technical manual.

1. Open the steam supply and condensate return line valves. Heating time for the dry cleaning press is 20 to 30minutes.

2. Open the LP air supply line and check the air pressure gauge on the dry cleaning press. Adjust the dry clean-ing press air regulator to the appropriate LP air pressure setting for the dry cleaning press.

3. Close the press head by depressing both recessed buttons simultaneously or pulling down on the safety bar.Adjust the dry cleaning press head closing speed and smoothness by adjusting the air needle valve and shockabsorber respectively.

4. Determine the number of press lays required to press the garment or garments.

5. Determine the logical sequence of press lays to efficiently press the garment or garments.

6. Lay the garment or garments on the buck pressing surface.

7. Inject steam through the buck for 2 to 3 seconds to relax the garment fibers while simultaneously depress-ing both closure buttons or pulling down on the safety bar to close the dry cleaning press head to the buckpressing surface. It may be necessary to apply the vacuum during the closing operation to hold the garmentin place.

8. Inject steam through the head after the dry cleaning press is closed for 1 to 3 seconds.

9. During the last 6 to 8 seconds of closure time of the dry cleaning press the vacuum should be applied to setthe garment finish and to dry the garment and buck padding.

10. Closure time of the dry cleaning press is roughly 15 seconds, however the actual pressing time depends onthe material and the dampness of the garment being pressed.

11. Open the dry cleaning press using the opening release button or lifting up the safety bar.

12. Repeatstep 3through step 7 until the garment or garments are finished.

655-2.8.1.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper dry cleaning press opera-tion and prior to placing the press in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recom-mended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of dry cleaning presses have slight variationsin their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navyapproved or COTS technical manual.

1. Ensure that the closing speed of the dry cleaning press head is smooth. The dry cleaning press closing speedand smoothness of operation can be changed by adjusting the needle valve and shock absorber respectively.

2. Ensure that the 3/4 inch safety non-locking feature or safety bar is operable on the dry cleaning presses.

3. Ensure the vacuum pump is connected to the dry cleaning press and is activated using the vacuum foot pedalon the dry cleaning press.

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4. Ensure that the steam injection through the head and buck is functioning by operating the head steam handvalve and the buck steam foot pedal valve respectively.

655-2.8.1.3 Maintenance Requirements. The maintenance requirements of dry cleaning presses is similar tolaundry presses,paragraph 655-2.6.1.3.

655-2.8.2 Spotting Boards. The spotting board is comprised of a main spotting board, sleeve board, garmenttray, chemical tray, and spotting gun. The primary function of the spotting board is to remove stains from gar-ments which resist the normal laundering process removal efforts through the use of spotting chemicals, steamand vacuum. A garment tray is located underneath the main spotting board and holds the garment being spotted.A chemical tray is provided to hold all the needed spotting chemicals.

Spotting boards shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59471 havingthe following classifications:

Type 2 - Board, spotting, steam unit

The essential characteristics of spotting boards are as follows:

1. The steam spotting board shall consist of a rigid frame supporting a main spotting board and swinging sleeveboard. The narrow ends of the boards shall consist of a perforated area for use with a steam gun. The sleeveboard shall swing above the main spotting board and lock in place to perform spotting operations on smallergarments.

2. A steam spotting gun shall be provided for supplying either wet steam, dry steam or warm compressed air.The gun shall be activated by the use of a foot pedal.

3. A vacuum attachment shall be provided to draw off cleaning fluids after spotting is supplied at the perforatedend plate of the main or sleeve spotting board. The vacuum shall be activated by the use of a foot pedal.

4. The base of the spotting board shall be fitted with not less than four bolt holes for mechanically fastening themachine to a angle iron foundation. The connections shall ensure adherence of the machine to the foundationunder machinery and ship induced vibrational forces and ship motion.

655-2.8.2.1 Installation Requirements. Spotting boards shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. The foundation shall be reasonably level and flat to ensure metal to metal attachment of the spotting board tothe foundation.

2. Spotting boards installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assemble. The strainer in the orificeassembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines should havea y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from the orifice.The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

3. A flexible hose connection shall be installed from the vacuum pump to the vacuum valve on the spottingboard.

655-2.8.2.2 Operational Procedure. General spotting board operating steps are provided herein:

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NOTE

Different makes, models and types of spotting boards have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

1. The main sleeve spotting boards consist of smooth surfaces where chemicals are applied to the stained por-tion of the garment.

2. Tamp in the chemicals over the perforated end plate where the chemicals are drawn off and flushed from thegarment. A foot pedal activates a vacuum system at the perforated end plate which draws the chemical solu-tions from the garment while holding the stained section of the garment in place.

3. The chemicals are flushed from the garment using the spotting gun which can supply dry or wet steam. Con-trol of the dry or wet steam for the spotting gun is provided by activation of a foot pedal. Slight pressure onthe steam foot pedal delivers dry steam and full activation of the foot pedal provides wet steam. The spottinggun is also used to dry the garment after spotting has been performed. Depressing the air foot pedal deliverswarm dry air from the spotting gun to dry the garment.

655-2.8.3 Pant Topper and Form Finishers. Pant topper and form finisher presses consists of an expandable airbag to finish garments which are difficult or time consuming to press on a conventional dry cleaning press. Thegarment is fitted over the air bag which expands to fit the garment. Steam is injected through the garment to relaxthe garment fibers and then warm dry air is injected through the garment to dry and set the finish.

Pant topper and form finisher presses shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Descrip-tion A-A-59471 having the following classifications:

Type 3 - Press, wool, pant topper, pneumatic, automatic

Type 4 - Form finisher

The essential characteristics of pant topper presses and form finishers are as follows:

1. Foot pedals shall be provided to manually operate the steam and air cycles for any length of time requiredfor finishing.

2. A manually operated foot pedal shall be provided to start the automatic finishing cycle.

3. Separate air and steam timers shall be provided with a range of 0 to 30 seconds. Timers shall automaticallyreset at the end of the automatic cycle.

4. A water misting gun shall be provided for relaxing garment fibers during the finishing process.

5. An expandable air bag conforming to the type(s) of garment to be finished shall be provided.

6. The press and form finisher shall be steam heated suitable for a working pressure of 75-85 psig. Steam pres-sure vessels shall be manufactured in accordance with the material and construction requirements of ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II and Section VIII, Div 1.

7. The press and form finisher shall operate on 120-volt, 60-hertz, 1-phase electrical system as defined by MIL-STD-1399, Section 300. The equipment shall conform to the recommended practices for electrical installa-tion on board ship in accordance with IEEE 45 and shall be on an ungrounded electrical system. No grounds

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shall be permitted on the machine wiring. All wiring shall be contained within liquid tight protective sleeves.All electrical panels, sleeves and fittings shall be drip proof Electrical motor enclosures shall be dripproof orbetter.

8. Type 3 pant topper press shall be provided with a waist band-bag expander manually operated by a kickpedal.

9. Type 4 form finisher shall be provided with a manual or air operated shoulder expander to hold and shapethe garment for finishing.

10. Type 4 form finisher shall provide 360° rotation of the stanchion to allow for the adjust garment from thefront.

11. Type 4 form finisher shall be provided with a manually operated damper control to adjust the bag pressureto suit the type of garment being finished.

12. Type 4 form finisher shall be provided with a front clamp, vent clamps, sleeve expanders and a elastic bagsizing band.

655-2.8.3.1 Installation Requirements. Pant topper and form finisher presses shall be installed in accordancewith following requirements:


2. Finishing equipment installed with steam condensate lines shall use an orifice assemble. The strainer in theorifice assembly shall be installed upstream or in front of the orifice plate. The steam condensate lines shouldhave a y-strainer installed upstream from the orifice and a stop check valve installed downstream from theorifice. The inlet steam connection shall come off the top of the steam header.

655-2.8.3.1.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper pant topper and formfinisher press operation the following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machineoperation:

1. Ensure that the steam piping is properly lagged.

2. Ensure that there are no leaks at service connections.

655-2.8.3.2 Operational Procedure. General pant topper and form finisher press operating steps are providedherein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of pant topper and form finisher presses haveslight variations in their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer tothe Navy approved or COTS technical manual.

1. Position the garment to be pressed over the expandable bag.

2. On Type 3 press release the waist band expander to hold the pants snugly on the buck. Reshape the pants orlay the pleats if necessary. Perform pre-steaming if necessary. On pants with pleats bring the pressure shoedown and lock into position.

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3. On Type 4 form finisher ensure jacket lapels and vents are properly laid and buttons are overlapped on theoutside. Adjust the shoulder expander, install sleeve expanders and jacket vent clamps if necessary and closethe front clamp. Adjust elastic bag sizing band. Adjust bag pressure to proper setting without stretching gar-ment. Pre-condition the garment with the spray misting gun if necessary.

4. Begin the automatic finishing cycle by pressing the foot switch.

5. After the cycle is completed remove the garment from the press buck.

655-2.8.3.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper pant topper and form fin-isher press operation and prior to placing the press in service the following general operational check-out proce-dure is recommended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of pant topper and form finisher presses haveslight variations in their principle operations. For precise operating steps refer tothe Navy approved or COTS technical manual.

1. Ensure automatic air and steam timers are adjusted properly to provide the highest quality finishing. Steamcycle must be long enough to relax fibers and the air or drying cycle must be long enough to fully dry thefabric or the finish will not hold.

655-2.8.4 Vacuum Systems A vacuum system is comprised of a tank and pump. The vacuum is created by animpeller expelling air from the tank to the atmosphere creating a negative pressure differential between the tankand atmosphere. The vacuum tank is connected to dry cleaning presses and spotting boards which require vacuumsupply to perform their intended functions.

Air vacuum units shall be manufactured in accordance with Commercial Item Description A-A-59471 hav-ing the following classifications:

Type 5 - Air vacuum unit

Size 1 - Single press

Size 2 - 2 orfewer presses

Size 3 - 3 orfewer presses

The essential characteristics of air vacuum units are as follows:

1. The air vacuum unit shall be the vertical type consisting of a electric motor driven multistage centrifugal-typeexhauster and a condenser tank. The exhauster shall be capable of maintaining a vacuum at sea level equiva-lent to 3/4 inch water column on 40 percent of the presses being serviced and in operation.

2. The condenser tank shall be constructed of stainless steel and sized to match the exhauster provided. The tankshall be constructed to withstand the vacuum created. A connection shall be provided on the tank for receiv-ing air and condensate withdrawn from the presses and shall have an opening on the top of the tank for out-let to the exhauster. An opening shall be fitted in the low level of the tank for draining the condensate.

3. Two flexible sleeves of a size equal to the connections of the exhauster and condensate tank shall be providedto isolate the unit’s vibration from the rigid piping. Sleeves shall be reinforced to withstand the suction pres-sure created by the exhauster and shall be of heat resistant material.

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655-2.8.4.1 Installation Requirements. The air vacuum unit shall be installed in accordance with followingrequirements:

1. The foundation shall be reasonably level and flat to ensure metal to metal attachment of the air vacuum unitto the foundation.

2. The suction line shall contain sections of flexible hose on the vacuum tank inlet and the dry cleaning press orspotting board condensate discharge outlet. The line shall be pitched toward the vacuum unit to prevent mois-ture from gravitating back toward the press or spotting board.

3. A section of flexible hose shall be installed on the vacuum tank exhaust outlet and the ship’s ventilationexhaust duct.

4. A drain line with a shut-off valve shall be installed between the condensate tank drain opening and a deckdrain.

655-2.8.4.1.1 Post Installation Check-out Procedure. Ensure that the vacuum applied to the dry cleaning pressadequately draws off steam condensate from the garment and buck pressing surface and the vacuum applied tothe spotting board holds the area of the garment being cleaned in place and withdraws the spotting chemicals andwater from the garment.

655-2.9 SEWING MACHINES

Sewing machines operate by interlocking threads from two sources on the machine - the upper thread, whichis pushed into the material by the sewing needle, and the bobbin thread, which is caught from under the mate-rial by the needle. A correctly locked stitch results when the upper and lower tensions are balanced so that theneedle and bobbin threads are drawn equally into the material.

Sewing machines shall be manufactured in accordance with Federal Specification OO-S-256 and the follow-ing detailed specifications:

OO-S-256/1 - Lock Stitch

OO-S-256/11 - Blind Stitch

655-2.9.1 Installation Requirements. Sewing machines shall be installed in accordance with the followingrequirements:

1. A modular drawer stowage cabinet, similar or equal to Stanley Vidmar DW-175, shall be installed adjacent tothe sewing machines for the stowage of sewing supplies and serving as a sewing station work table.

2. Securely mount table stand to a hull foundation which has been welded to the deck.

3. The machine should be connected to shipboard electrical system, and is designed to operate on 120 volt-60cycle-single phase electrical power.

4. Electrical light fixture should be mounted securely to the table top.

5. Mount sewing machine head to table top with applicable hardware, if head has not already been installed bymanufacturer.

6. Securely install any tool and accessory drawers in their respective sliding tracks.

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655-2.9.1.1 Post-Installation Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper sewing machine opera-tion the following post installation check-out procedure is recommended prior to machine operation:

1. Ensure that the machine wiring has not been cut or abraded, and has sufficient slack to provide strain relief.

655-2.9.2 Operational Procedure. General sewing machine operating steps are provided herein:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of sewing machines have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps refer to the Navy approvedor COTS technical manual.

1. In order to operate the sewing machine it is necessary to correctly insert the needle, thread the machine prop-erly, and to wind and insert the bobbin properly. To insert the needle, raise the needle bar to its highest pointby turning the hand wheel, loosen the needle clamp screw and insert the needle with the flat side of the needletoward the rear of the machine, then tighten the needle clamp screw. The upper thread is taken up from on thethread stand and brought through the thread guides, around the tension dial, through the take-up lever, throughthe thread guides, and then inserted through the needle. The needle bar should be at its highest point whenthreading the needle. After threading the needle, a sufficient amount of thread should be drawn through to pre-vent it from slipping out when operating the machine. The second thread source is the bobbin. To wind thebobbin, place an empty bobbin on spindle. It is necessary to turn the stop motion screw counter clockwise todisconnect the sewing mechanism. Take the thread from the spool and guide it through the thread guide andthen around the bobbin. Move the bobbin winder spindle to the left and then press the foot or knee pedal tobegin winding. When bobbin is full, move spindle to its original position, reattach the sewing mechanism byturning the stop motion screw clockwise and remove bobbin. The bobbin is inserted into the bobbin case, withthe thread being drawn under the spring and then through the delivery eye of the bobbin case. The bobbincase is inserted into the machine by holding onto the latch and placing it into the spindle stud until it catchesand then releasing it. After inserting the bobbin in the machine the bobbin thread must be drawn up by hold-ing the upper thread lightly with the left hand and while turning the hand wheel slowly with the right until theneedle enters the needle hole to catch the bobbin thread and draw it up. Both threads should be drawn underthe presser foot to the back of the machine in preparation for sewing. Material is sewn by placing it under thepresser foot, lowering the presser foot by means of the presser bar lifter and then applying pressure to the kneeor foot pedal. It is not necessary to pull or push the material, just guide it in the desired direction. Material ismoved by the feed mechanism which is located under the throat plate. Stitch sizes are determined by adjust-ing the stitch regulator.

655-2.9.2.1 Operational Check-out Procedure. In order to ensure safe and proper sewing machine operation andprior to placing machine in service the following general operational check-out procedure is recommended:

NOTE

Different makes, models and types of sewing machines have slight variations intheir principle operations. For precise operating steps, the operator should reviewthe Navy approved or COTS technical manual.

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1. Ensure that the bobbin winder is functional to the extent that when an empty bobbin is inserted into bobbinwinder, and powered, it will achieve full threading capacity

2. Ensure that stitch formation complies with stitch types specified for the machine.

3. Ensure that the stitch range regulator is in compliance with machine features.

4. Ensure that the knee lifter is maneuvering the presser foot properly.

5. Ensure that the drive belt is in good condition, aligned and tight.

6. Ensure that the foot treadles are functioning and have been adjusted into position to meet the needs of theoperator.

7. Ensure that all tools and accessories for the sewing machine are located in table drawers.

8. Ensure that the automatic thread tension release is effective when the presser foot is raised.

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SECTION 3

USE AND CARE


This section contains information and instructions pertaining to uniform fabric types, general fabric care,common wash problems, stain removal, specialized cleaning instructions of impregnated clothing, and launder-ing agents and supplies.

655-3.2 FABRIC TYPES

The cleaning process the uniform or linen receives in the laundry or dry cleaning plant depends upon the typeof fiber from which it is woven. It is important that shipboard laundry operators are familiar with the varioustypes of fabrics or fibers most often encountered. The fabrics of which uniforms and linens are made are classi-fied into three general categories: natural, synthetic and blends.

655-3.2.1 Natural Fabrics. Natural fibers comprise three general groups or classifications: vegetable, animal,and mineral. Common vegetable fibers are cotton and flax (linen). Those of the animal grouping are wool, silkand leather. Common mineral fibers are made from glass and asbestos and are seldom encountered in the ship-board laundry. Asbestos material shall not be laundered.

655-3.2.2 Synthetic Fabrics. Synthetic materials are man made of various types of cellulosic fibers (rayon),vinyl fibers, polyamides (nylon), and polyester. Polyester fibers are made with elements derived from coal, air,water, and petroleum. Not all polyester is the same; there are many types, which vary in their original chemicalproperties. Trade names such as Dacron, Fortrel, and Kodel are types of polyester fabrics. Polyester fiber is nearlytwice as strong as cotton and is wrinkle resistant. When resin, heat or crease treated the polyester fabric containsa memory or tendency to return to its original shape. When the garment has been properly processed throughwashing and drying, the smoothness of the garment need not be reestablished by pressing, and the garment shouldreturn to it’s original contours when placed on hangers or properly folded.

655-3.2.3 Blended Fabrics. Garments also include many combinations of natural and/or synthetic fibers calledblends. These are variously described, for example, as 65/35 or 50/50, depending on the percentage of the fibersin the blend. Where the fiber is half cotton and half polyester, it is called a 50/50 blend.

655-3.3 TYPES OF SOIL

In general there are four types of soils; chemical-soluble, water-soluble, insoluble and special. Many can beremoved during the wash process. Those that can not must be identified as they require special treatment.

655-3.3.1 Chemical-Soluble Soils. Chemical-soluble soils dissolve in chemical solvents. They include oils,greases, certain waxes, fatty acids, and vegetable, mineral and animals oils. Since these types of soils are gener-ally not soluble in water they may require special spotting treatment of small localized stains and dry cleaningof heavily soiled items. Lightly soiled laundered items should be washed at higher water temperatures (150° -160°F).

655-3.3.2 Water-Soluble Soils. Water-soluble soils dissolve in water. They include substances such as sugar,starch, gums, salt, flavoring agents and soils. They also include a wide variety of substances generally found in

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foods and beverages such as mustard, catsup, soups and soft drinks. Perspiration stains are also included in thiscategory. The normal laundering process will generally remove these types of soils.

655-3.3.3 Insoluble Soils. Insoluble soils do not dissolve in water or chemicals. They make up the bulk of thesoils removed from the laundry. They include dirt, sand, carbon, ashes, dust, lint, hair, cosmetics, and dandruffThese soils are usually less visible than oils, greases or food stains but are damaging to the fabrics because oftheir abrasiveness. Most insoluble soils are dispersed during the wash cycle but their complete removal may bedifficult.

Insoluble soils are sometimes redeposited on the garments during the laundry process which causes a gray-ing effect on the fabric.

655-3.3.4 Special Soils. Special soils are insoluble in water and laundry detergents. They include ink, paint,nail polish, and various types of adhesives. They may be partially or completely removed by the spotting pro-cess.

655-3.4 FABRIC CARE

The processes established for shipboard laundering is limited to the few fabrics and fabric blends encoun-tered on a ship. In most instances, of the vast majority of fabrics and blends available commercially, the Navyis concerned with the proper care of only a very few. These generally consist of 100 percent cotton or denim,cotton and polyester blends, 100 percent polyester (CNTs), and wool or polyester and wool blend dress uniforms.

655-3.4.1 Care Label. The Federal Care Labeling Act, which became effective 3 July 1972, requires thatmanufacturers specify laundry or dry cleaning instructions, or both, on the label of each garment. The NavyClothing and Textile Research Facility has determined the proper care of all authorized uniforms. All authorizedgarments are labeled with the appropriate care label which typically identifies standard Navy wash formulas I, IIor III or dry clean only. This information is helpful to prevent damage to clothes during processing. It is impor-tant that shipboard laundry operators examine and adhere to the care labels on garments before laundering, whenundecided as to the material type or handling procedures.

655-3.4.2 Common Wash Problems. It is impractical to prescribe hard-and-fast rules regarding damage sufferedby fabrics in the laundry. Good practice requires that all processing times and temperatures, as well as concen-trations of chemical supplies, be reduced to a point at which effective cleaning will be obtained with minimumharmful effect on the fabric. Excessive bath temperatures, extended wash, rinse and extract times, and excessivedrying and pressing time and temperature should be avoided because they induce fabric damage, promote lintingand reduce garment life. Many common washing problems involve poor soil and stain removal, residues of lintand detergents, wrinkling, pilling and fabric degradation. The suggestions provided inTable 655-3-1should befollowed for satisfactory cleaning results.Table 655-3-1may apply to the cleaning of laundry in the ship’s insti-tutional laundry, self-service laundry or both.

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Table 655-3-1 COMMON WASHING PROBLEMS

PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSES TREATMENT PREVENTION

Blue stains Undiluted liquid detergent orfabric softener dispenseddirectly onto fabric.

Detergent - Soak item for 1hour in a mix of 1 cup of whitevinegar with 1 quart of water.

Avoid overfilling detergent andfabric softener dispenser com-partments. Do not pour directlyon clothes. Rinse.

Fabric Softener - Rub stainwith bar soap. Wash.

Blue-green stains Excessive bromine levels inpotable water.

Rewash load after bromine lev-els are reduced and water sup-ply has been flushed.

Reduce bromine levels.

Discoloration, gray-ing

Not enough detergent. Rewash with correct amount ofdetergent and hottest water safefor fabric. Add bleach safe forfabric.

Sort items by soil level andcolor.

Wash water temperature to low. Use correct amount of deter-gent, hottest water and bleachsafe for fabric.

Incorrect sorting.

Greasy, oily stains Not enough detergent. Treat with prewash stainremover or liquid detergent.

Use correct amount of deter-gent and hottest water safe forfabric.

Undiluted liquid fabric softenerpoured directly on fabric.

Increase detergent and watertemperature, rewash.

Do not pour liquid fabric soft-ener directly on fabric.

Rub fabric softener stains withbar soap.

Holes, tears, orsnags

Unauthorized use of chlorinebleach poured directly on fab-ric. Unfastened zippers, hooksand buckles.

May be irreversible if rips,tears and seams can not bemended.

Use bleach safe for fabric.

Degradation of fabric andseams.

Close zippers, hooks, etc priorto loading.

Overloading of washer. Check condition of itemsbefore washing and mend ripsand tears to prevent furtherdamage.

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Table 655-3-1 COMMON WASHING PROBLEMS - Continued


Lint Incorrect sorting. Tissues left inpockets. Overloading thewasher. Not enough detergent.Undissolved detergent has left aresidue resembling lint. Staticcling is attracting lint. Loadwashed too long.

Reduce load size. Rewashusing correct water tempera-ture, water level and amount ofdetergent. Add non-precipitatingwater conditioner to wash waterto remove detergent residue.Add liquid fabric softener tofinal rinse.

Empty pockets. Separate per-manent press and syntheticitems from towels. Do notoverload washer. Use correcttemperature and amount ofdetergent, water and wash time.

Dry load in dryer. Remove lintwith a lint brush or roller.

Pilling (Fibers breakoff, ball up andcling to fabric)

Pilling is normal with syntheticand permanent press fabrics.This is due to abrasion fromnormal wear and tear.

Use a lint brush or shaver toremove pills.

Use a fabric softener in thewasher to lubricate the fibers.When pressing or ironing use aspray starch or fabric finish oncollars and cuffs.

Turn item inside out to reduceabrasion.

Residue or powderon dark items; Stiff,harsh fabrics

Undissolved detergent. Somenon-phosphate granular deter-gents can combine with hardwater minerals to form a resi-due.

Rewash load. Increase water temperatureusing hottest water safe for fab-ric.

Overloading the washer. Do not overload the washer.Use a non-powdered detergentor use non-precipitating waterconditioner with non-phosphatepowdered detergent.

Wrinkling Overloading the washer. Incor-rect wash cycle for fabrics.

Reduce load size. Rinse in coldwater using a Perm Press orDelicate cycle.

Do not overload washer.Remove items from washer assoon as cycle is completed. Useliquid fabric softener.

Yellow buildup ofbody soil on syn-thetic fabrics

Agitation time too short. Washwater temperature too low.

Soak in detergent booster orproduct containing enzymes.Wash in hot water using fullpermanent press cycle, increasedetergent and add bleach safefor fabric.

Select correct wash cycle. Usecorrect amount of detergent.Wash synthetics frequentlyusing hot or warm water.

Not enough detergent. Or, treat with color remover.

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Table 655-3-1 COMMON WASHING PROBLEMS - Continued


Yellow or brownrust stains

Iron or manganese in watersupply, water pipes or waterheater.

To restore discolored load ofwhites, use rust remover safefor fabric.

Use non-precipitating watersoftener.

Unauthorized use of chlorinebleach may intensify discolora-tion of rust stains.

Before washing, run hot waterfor a few minutes to clear lines.Drain water heater occasionally

655-3.4.3 Standard Navy Wash Formulas. The standard Navy wash formulas were developed and tested spe-cifically for shipboard laundry processing and should minimize many common wash problems. These formulasprovide the highest quality wash suitable to the uniform fabrics with the shortest possible washing cycles andminimum potable water and chemical consumption. These formulas must be strictly adhered to and the washer-extractor shall be operated in automatic mode only. Automatic operation will efficiently process the shipboardlaundry and also minimize the excessive equipment wear and tear associated with improper manual operation.

655-3.4.3.1 In addition to separating laundry articles by color and fabric type in accordance with the standardNavy wash formulas, the articles should also be separated by degree of soiling. Lightly soiled clothing should bewashed separately from heavily soiled items. Separating heavily soiled items will reduce the chance of causingthe lightly soiled items from turning gray or dull.

655-3.4.4 Polyester. In order to successfully process linen or garments which contain polyester fibers, there aregeneral guidelines which should be followed.

655-3.4.4.1 Do not wash whites and colors together, since white polyester blend fabrics may have an affinity forloose dye in the wash cycle. When loose or fugitive dye is picked up by white polyester fibers, it is often diffi-cult to remove.

655-3.4.4.2 Do not overload washwheel. This is necessary to insure adequate mechanical action, which is espe-cially important when laundering polyesters. Also, overloading will promote excessive wrinkling.

655-3.3.4.3 Avoid excessive temperatures or sudden changes in temperature. Sudden changes in temperature(thermal shock) will promote wrinkling.

655-3.4.4.4 When polyester uniforms (CNTs) require pressing they shall be finished on a dry cleaning presswhenever possible. Hot head laundry presses will easily damage CNTs if improperly pressed at high tempera-tures. If CNTs are pressed on a hot head press, the head and buck temperatures must be reduced. Also, a throwaway cloth for misting the garment or a head grid plate must be used to prevent the polyester fibers from melt-ing which will cause a permanent shine on the garment. Additional care must be taken when using a hot headpress since stains may be set in instead of cleaned out by the steam action of a dry cleaning press.

655-3.4.5 Wool. Wool fibers are very susceptible to mechanical injury when wet and excessive shrinkage whendried at high temperatures. Therefore all wool garments, with the exception of blankets, shall be dry cleanedunless instructed otherwise by the care label. In order to provide the highest quality of dry cleaning the solvent

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must be maintained at the cleanest level possible through continuous filtering and distillation. The paper and car-bon core filters will remove suspended particles, dyes and odors from the solvent. The still will remove oils,grease and other organic material. Proper operation of the water separator is also important in order to preventgarment spotting and shrinkage caused by residual water in the solvent.

655-3.5 STAIN REMOVAL

A large majority of stains are removed in the normal laundering process. Many stains however, require spe-cial treatment such as presoaking or prespotting prior to laundering, or by steam, air and vacuum spotting. Agedand laundered stains may become set and difficult to fully remove therefore they should be treated as soon aspossible and prior to laundering. Because some stains are difficult to remove it may be necessary to treat a stainseveral times.

WARNING

Use of the applicable personnel protective equipment, such as gloves,goggles, etc., and compliance with the precautions identified on the MaterialSafety Data Sheet of the particular stain removing chemical shall be strictlyadhered to. Stain removal should take place under the best possible lightconditions and with adequate ventilation. Special care should be exercisedwhen using flammable solvents to insure the absence of flames or spark pro-ducing tools. The use of nonflammable dry cleaning fluid and other toxicspotting agents may require the use of a respirator.

655-3.5.1 Stain Treatment. Some general stain treatment guidelines are as follows:

1. Read the labels. Before treating any garment, read and strictly adhere to its care label. The same applies todetergents, stain removers and spotting agents. A stain can be permanently set or a fabric can be ruined byusing chemicals improperly.

2. Test. Always test a detergent or chemical on an inconspicuous area of the garment before applying it directlyto the stain to check for colorfastness. A swatch from the seam allowance is usually the best place.

3. Pretreat. To pretreat stains, use a commercial prespotter suitable to the stain or presoak using a detergent con-taining enzymes or non-chlorine bleaching agents prior to laundering.

4. Treat from inside. Treat a stain from the inside of the garment. One good method is to place the fabric facedown on a paper towel. As you treat, change the paper towel regularly to prevent the stain from transferringback onto the fabric.

5. Blot stain. Always blot a stain, never rub it. Rubbing a stain can set it in permanently, and can also perma-nently mark or damage the fabric.

6. Rinse. It may be necessary to rinse some stain removal chemicals before they are allow to dry. Launder treateditems to remove loosened stains and treatment chemicals.

7. Be patient. Don’t over soak, or hand or machine wash a stained fabric for too long. This can cause soil toredeposit on the garment and can fade colors. If necessary repeat the treatment process.

8. Air dry. Air dry a garment until certain that a stain has been removed. Dryer heat will set a stain making itvery difficult to remove.

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655-3.5.2 Stain Removal. Different stains require different treatments and properly treating a stain can guaran-tee at least an improvement in the garment’s appearance. Many of the stains encountered can be safely and com-pletely removed by pretreatment prior to laundering using commercially available prespotters, presoaking prod-ucts and stain removers. Knowing the exact type of stain and following the recommended treatment will aid insuccessfully removing it.Table 655-3-2provides general suggestions for removing many common stains.

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Table 655-3-2 GENERAL STAIN REMOVAL GUIDE

STAIN TREATMENT

Adhesive, chewing gum,glue, rubber cement

Apply ice or very cold water to harden the effected area. Scrape the stain carefully with adull knife to remove excess. Place stain face down on a paper towel and saturate with aprespotter or nonflammable dry cleaning fluid. Rinse and launder. Tough adhesives mayneed a treatment with acetone.

Beverages (coffee, tea,soda, juice, alcoholic bev-erages

Sponge or presoak stain in cold water. Apply detergent or prespotter to any remaining stain.Launder in hottest water possible without damaging fabric using a fabric-safe oxygenbleach.

Blood Presoak fresh stains in cold water for a minimum of 30 minutes. If the stain is set in, pre-soak in warm water using an enzyme detergent such as Biz or Clorox Two. Launder in hot-test water possible without damaging fabric using a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Catsup Scrape off excess stain with a dull knife. Presoak in cold water for 30 minutes. Pretreataffected area with a prespotter. Launder in hottest water possible without damaging fabricusing a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Chocolate, cocoa Presoak in cool water using an enzyme detergent. Launder in hottest water possible withoutfabric using a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Collar or cuff soil, cosmet-ics

Pretreat stain with a prespotter or dampen and rub with bar soap. Launder as usual with afabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Dairy products, egg Presoak in cool water using an enzyme detergent for a minimum of 30 minutes. Launder asusual with a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Dye transfer - on whitefabric

Pretreat with a solution of titanium sulfate. Rinse well and launder as usual with a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Dye transfer - on multicol-ored fabrics

Pretreat with a solution of titanium sulfate or a mixture of one part ammonia and four partsmethanol or hydrogen peroxide followed by ammonia. Rinse well and launder as usual witha fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Grass Presoak in cool water using an enzyme detergent. Launder as usual using a fabric-safe oxy-gen bleach. If stain persist sponge with alcohol. (Dilute in two parts water if concerned withcolor fastness of fabric).

Grease, oil, tar (butter,fats, salad dressing, cook-ing oils, bearing grease,lubricating oils)

Scrap residue from fabric and pretreat with a prespotter or laundry detergent. Launder inhottest water safe for fabric. If stain persists, place stain face down on paper towels andapply nonflammable dry cleaning fluid to the back of fabric. Allow fabric to dry, then rinse.Launder again in hottest water safe for fabric.

InkCAUTION

Some inks may be set in by laundering. Pretreat the stain before laundering.Using denatured alcohol or non-flammable dry cleaning fluid, sponge the reverse side of thefabric face down on a paper towel. Rinse thoroughly. Or hold the stained area taunt over themouth of ajar. Drip the non-flammable dry cleaning fluid through the spot so the ink will dropinto the container. Rinse. Hairspray may also work as a pretreater. Once stain is sufficientlyremoved, launder as usual.

Mildew, scorch Presoak item in fabric-safe oxygen bleach and hot water before laundering. If stain persistssponge with hydrogen peroxide. Rinse thoroughly and launder again.

Mud, heavy soil If the mud is dry brush off as much as possible. Rinse in cold water. Pretreat with deter-gent. If soil is very heavy or set in, soak in regular or enzyme detergent. Launder in hottestwater possible without damaging fabric with a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Mustard, tomato Pretreat stain with a spot remover. Launder in hottest water possible without damaging fab-ric using a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Nail polish May be impossible to remove. Place stain face down on paper towels. Gently apply acetoneor nail polish remover to back of stain. Rinse garment thoroughly, then launder.

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Table 655-3-2 GENERAL STAIN REMOVAL GUIDE - Continued

STAIN TREATMENT

Paint - water based Rinse in cool or warm water while stain is still wet and launder. If the paint has alreadydried it can not be removed.

Paint, varnish - oil based Use a paint solvent recommended on the can label, or turpentine, on the back side of thestain. Rinse thoroughly, pretreat with a prespotter and rinse again before laundering.

Perspiration Use a prespotter or rub the area with bar soap. Also, treat fresh stains with ammonia andolder stains with white vinegar. Launder in hottest water possible without damaging fabricusing a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Rust, brown or yellow dis-coloration

CAUTION

Rust removers are powerful stain removers, but great care must be taken not todamage fabrics. Follow directions carefully.

For spots use a rust remover safe for fabric. For discoloration of an entire load use a prepack-age iron and rust stain remover reclaim system directly in the wash wheel.

Shoe polish - liquidbleach.

Pretreat with a paste of granular detergent and water. Launder using a fabric-safe oxygenbleach.

Shoe polish - paste Scrap residue from fabric. Pretreat stain with a prespotter or non-flammable dry cleaningfluid. Rinse. Rub detergent directly into dampened area. Launder using a fabric-safe oxygenbleach.

Urine, vomit, mucus, feces Presoak in cool water with an enzyme detergent. Launder in hottest water possible withoutdamaging fabric using a fabric-safe oxygen bleach.

Wax Scrape off excess with a dull knife. Place stain between paper towels and press with warmiron until wax is absorbed. Then place stain face down and treat with a prespotter or non-flammable dry cleaning fluid. Rinse thoroughly to remove solvent. Let stand until dry.Launder in hottest water possible without damaging fabric using a fabric-safe oxygenbleach.

655-3.5.2.1 Commercial manufacturer’s such as A.L. Wilson Chemical Co. or ECOLAB, provide safe andeffective laundry and dry cleaning stain removal chemicals and systems. Refer to the manufacturer’s recommen-dations for specific stain removal treatments.

655-3.5.3 Spotting. Any stain which resist the normal washing process or locally concentrated pretreatmentremoval efforts must be removed by spotting. Spotting is a specialized art and requires skill in identifying thenature of the stain and in using the proper agent to remove it without damaging or otherwise affecting the cloth,or leaving a ring around the spot from which the stain was removed. The spotter must be familiar with textilefibers, sizing materials, dyes used, stains or spots likely to be encountered, and proper agents or chemicals io beused and their probable action on the various fibers and dyes. The following precautions are to be understoodbefore a stain removal operation is undertaken.

1. Methods recommended for white goods are equally effective for colored goods, providing the reagents usedhave no effect on the color of the material.

2. Tests always should be made on some hidden portion of the garment, such as any extra seam allowance thatmay be present, before the spotting agent is applied to the cloth.

3. Chlorine-bleach or concentrated and warm solutions of alkalies never should be applied to any material con-taining silk, wool, mohair, or other animal fiber.

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4. Traces of mineral acids (such as sulfuric and hydrochloric) or acid salts that hydrolyze to form either of these,should not be permitted to dry or be pressed into cotton, linen, or rayon fabrics.

5. Rayon articles and other synthetic fabrics should never be treated with organic solvents unless resistance totreatment is known by preliminary test on an unexposed portion of the garment.

6. Color strippers are used to remove dye from fabrics; high-potency liquid titanium stripper is recommended. Itwill safely remove fugitive dye stains from white and colored articles in laundry and dry cleaning.

7. All agents used for stain removal must be rinsed from the article thoroughly prior to drying or pressing toprevent attack on the material.

8. Excessive frictional action should be avoided. This is especially important when treating silk and rayon fab-rics. Where some friction becomes necessary, chafing often can be avoided by working on the reverse side ofthe garment.

655-3.5.3.1 Large ships shall make full use of the spotting board, if installed, for stain removal. On smaller shipswithout a spotting board removal of small stains may be accomplished with minimum friction by one of the fol-lowing procedures:

1. Stretch the stained area over a bowl of cold water and apply the appropriate spotting agent with a medicinedropper. Gently work the agent into the stain with a nylon bristle spotting brush. Rinse garment thoroughly.

2. Place the stained fabric over a pad of clean folded cloth, paper towels or white blotters, and apply the appro-priate spotting agent with a medicine dropper or with a clean pad or cloth saturated with the spotting agent.Gently work the agent into the stain with a nylon bristle spotting brush. Rinse garment thoroughly.

655-3.6 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAUNDERING CHEMICAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

There are two types of chemical protective suits in use aboard ship. The Chemical Protective Overgarment(CPO) is being replaced by the Advanced Chemical Protective Garment (ACPG) but the CPO will be used untilthe stock is exhausted and shelf life or operational life is expended. See NSTM Chapter 470, Section 5 for adescription of the configuration, capabilities and limitations of these garments.

WARNING

Do NOT launder the Chemical Protective Overgarment (CPO)! This couldcompromise the chemical protective capabilities of the suit.

655-3.6.1 Chemical Protective Overgarment (CPO). The CPO consist of a pair of trousers and a pull oversmock that are worn over the duty uniform. The coat and trousers are packaged together under a single stocknumber. The smock has an attached hood and has hook and pile fasteners at the waist and wrists. The trousershave adjustable suspenders and hook and pile fasteners for waist adjustment and ankle closure. The CPO has amodacrylic nylon outer shell to repel unthickened liquid agents and a chemical protective inner liner containingactivated carbon for protection against chemical agent vapor. Once the factory seal on the original packaging hasbeen broken, the operational service life in an uncontaminated environment is 100 hours of wear within 30 con-secutive calendar days. Do not wash the CPO. Air dry it if it is wet from exposure to sea spray, rain or perspi-ration.

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WARNING

Do NOT launder Advanced Chemical Protective Garments (ACPG) thathave been exposed to chemical agent. This is not a decontamination proce-dure!

655-3.6.2 Advanced Chemical Protective Garments (ACPG). The Advanced Chemical Protective Garment(ACPG) is worn over the duty uniform or underwear. The ACPG consists of two pieces, a coat and trousers,which are packaged separately and issued under different stock numbers. The coat is hip length with an integralhood and has a front slide fastener, that, when closed, is covered by a flap with hook and pile fasteners. The trou-sers have high waist, adjustable suspenders, and a front slide fastener with a snap at the top and hook and pilefasteners for waist adjustments and ankle closure. The ACPG has a nylon-cotton (NyCo) poplin outer shell thatis treated to repel water and oil and an inner liner containing activated carbon for protection against chemicalagent vapor. The ACPG has a shelf life of 5 years if unopened. The operational service life in an uncontaminatedenvironment is 45 wear days or 120 consecutive calendar days once the factory seal on the original packaginghas been broken. It can be washed up to six times within 45 wear days.

WARNING

The ACPG item shall be laundered no more than six times during the 45 daywear period. Additional launderings may cause degradation of the protectivecapability of the ACPG. Do NOT dry clean ACPG items.

WARNING

Chlorine bleach shall not be used to wash ACPG items. Chlorine compro-mises the chemical protective properties of the ACPG material.

NOTE

For best results, all slide fasteners and hook and pile closures on ACPG itemsshall be secure prior to laundering.

NOTE

Seawater can be used for Step 1. If powdered detergent/oxygen bleach is usedwith seawater, instead of solid chemicals, quantity must be increased to 20 oz per100 lb basis. Solid detergent requires no adjustment. Use fresh water in Steps 2,4, and 5.

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NOTE

Powdered detergent/oxygen bleach should be added to the wash wheel once thewater level has been reached. Powdered detergent amounts are based on a 100 lbbasis and must be adjusted according to the size of the washer extractor used.Solid detergent is added automatically.

655-3.6.2.1 ACPG Washing Procedures. Each ACPG item can be laundered up to 6 times during the 45 weardays of use in an uncontaminated environment. Navy Wash Formula III shall be used to clean uncontaminatedACPG items. Formula III is a low temperature wash using either solid detergent or powdered detergent/oxygenbleach. The procedures for washing with Formula III are provided in Ship’s Serviceman Laundry Handbook,NAVEDTRA 10176.

WARNING

ACPG items shall be tumble dried at low temperatures (100° - 120° F) orair dried. Excessive heat compromises the chemical protective properties ofthe ACPG material.

WARNING

Wet ACPG items shall not be placed in the storage bags. Air dry thoroughlyprior to stowage. Do not iron or air dry in direct sunlight.

655-3.6.2.2 ACPG Drying Procedures. Tumble dry ACPG items at low temperature (100° - 120°F) or air dry.On ships equipped with dryers without an adjustable thermostat (i.e. dryers with only a high - low setting) oper-ate the dryer without heat. This can be accomplished by securing the steam valve on steam heated dryers or dis-connecting the control power to the heating element contactor on electrically heated dryers. Ensure temperatureis between 100° - 120°F before loading ACPG items. The ACPG items shall be removed from the tumbler imme-diately after drying is complete and immediately separated, folded and placed back in it’s own storage bag. Dry-ing may also be accomplished by hanging the items on hooks or lines away from direct sunlight.

WARNING

It is essential that each garment is placed back in it’s own storage bag afterbeing laundered. The ACPG Wear Time and Inspection Record form foreach garment stays with it’s storage bag while the item is being laundered.A laundry mark shall be assigned to each garment and recorded on thisform and in indelible ink on each garment label to ensure that each garmentis returned to it’s own storage bag with the correct Wear Time and Inspec-tion Record. A blunt marker shall be used to mark the garment label toavoid puncturing the garment.

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655-3.6.2.3 ACPG Wear Time and Inspection Record. When an ACPG item is unpacked from the original fac-tory packaging, the date shall be recorded on the Wear Time and Inspection Record and on the garment label.The ACPG Wear Time and Inspection Record format and instructions can be found in NSTM Chapter 470, Sec-tion 5. Results shall be recorded each time the garment is removed from, or placed, in it’s resealable storage bag,laundered or inspected. A separate record shall be kept for each ACPG item (i.e., one for each coat and one foreach pair of trousers.) Laundry personnel shall assign a laundry mark to each garment to facilitate matching itwith it’s own storage bag and Wear Time and Inspection Record. A label with numbered spaces for recording thenumber of times it has been washed is provided in each ACPG item. Laundry personnel shall place a check markin the lowest remaining numbered space in indelible ink prior to washing the ACPG item and shall enter thelaundering date in the Wear Time and Inspection Record. Prior to laundering, each ACPG item shall be inspectedfor the following conditions and replaced, if:

1. the 120 calendar date has expired,

2. the item has been worn more than 45 days,

3. the item has come in contact with petroleum, oil, lubricant or cleaning solvents,

4. the item is damaged, or

5. the item has been laundered 6 times.

655-3.7 LAUNDRY CHEMICALS

There are two different types of laundry chemicals authorized for use aboard ship; granular powder and solidcake. Solid cake chemicals were approved for shipboard use in May, 1997 and are intended to eventually replacegranular powdered detergents on all afloat units.

655-3.7.1 Powdered Detergent/Oxygen Bleach. Detergents sometimes are referred to as synthetic detergents orsynthetic soaps. The term synthetic, in its broadest sense, refers to the synthesis (building up) of materials to forma product different from natural substances. The powdered detergent to be used in washing all shipboard cotton,synthetic and blended fabrics, and wool blankets, is that stocked in the Federal Supply System and procured inaccordance with Navy Clothing and Textile Research Facility Purchase Description NCTRF/PD11-85A of 23 July1986. Nicknamed″Two-Shot″, the detergent is low in phosphate (which may degrade the fire retardancy treat-ment at higher concentrations), is low sudsing and also contains an oxygen bleach which will not harm coloredclothing. ″Two-Shot″ is equally efficient in hard seawater and soft water and is effective in hot or cold water.″Two-shot″ can be either manually dispensed by adding directly to the wash wheel prior to the start of the for-mula or automatically dispensed via the formula control unit by adding the chemical to the appropriate automaticsupply bin.

655-3.7.2 Sour. In addition to the powdered detergent-bleach required for use on all Navy Wash formulas, alaundry sour (blue) is also required. A laundry sour (blue) is an acid that is safe to use on fabrics. It should beadded to the last rinse by adding the chemical to the appropriate automatic supply bin and dispensed via theautomatic formula control unit. Sour neutralizes remaining alkalies (reduce Ph level) and dissolves iron and othermetallic salts which cause rust or a yellow discoloration. If left in fabrics, an alkali causes odors and discolora-tion after drying. Also, if the sour blue is omitted from the laundering process, itching and discomfort is likelyto occur, particularly when working in areas with a high ambient temperature, due to the high Ph level of theclothing. Use of a sour in the last rinse also removes sodium bicarbonate, which normally is in rinse water; evenwhen all the alkalinity is rinsed out, sodium bicarbonate remains. It is not injurious to fabrics, but when subjectedto the heat of flatirons, presses, and flatwork ironers, it is converted to sodium carbonate, which is quite alkalineand can cause injury to fabrics when in sufficient concentration and contribute to itching and discomfort. Sour-

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ing also decomposes any oxidizing bleach left in a load, prevents discoloration, and helps to sterilize the clothes.In addition, sour sets acid dyes often used in bright colored fabrics, and preserves the tensile strength of fibers.Sours also remove rust stains.

655-3.7.2.1 Sour may cause chemical burns if it comes in contact with eyes or skin, or if swallowed. For skincontact flush with water. For eye contact flush eyes with water for 15 minutes and contact medical personnel. Ifswallowed accidentally contact medical personnel immediately. For specific first aid treatment refer the productsMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

655-3.7.3 Solid Chemicals. The solid chemicals to be used in washing all shipboard cotton, synthetic andblended fabrics, and wool blankets, shall be similar or equal to ECOLAB Solid System III as approved by NavyClothing and Textile Research Facility ltr 3903 N3.PG of 09 Jan 97. The solid chemicals shall be similar in com-position to the powdered laundry chemicals. The solid chemical dispensing system consist of separate detergent,oxygen bleach and neutralizer (sour) and an automatic dispensing cabinet. The dispensing system is a state-of-the-art, computer controlled product dispenser which offers many benefits over powdered detergents. These ben-efits include reduced product cost, accurate computer controlled dispensing, reduced storage space requirements,reduced plastic waste generation and eliminates direct handling of chemicals.

655-3.7.4 Starch. Sizing or starch (instant, dry) usually is prescribed for cotton shirts, trousers, and coats anduniforms but is never used with synthetic or synthetic-blend fabrics or with work clothes. Starch is applied toclothing and linen to give them body, smoothness and an improved appearance. The sizing operation is normallyconducted with the sour operation during the final rinse step. The amount of sizing should be just sufficient togive the garment a pleasing body and feel without undue stiffness. Additional starch may be required on machineswithout manual operating capability due to a shorter than necessary rinse step required to achieve the desiredstiffness. Always accomplish the sizing operation at the low water level at approximately 120° F. Starching usu-ally is done in the washer; occasionally, however, small loads or a few pieces of laundry can be hand-dipped ina separate container.

655-3.7.5 Storage. Bulk laundry chemicals should be stored in a laundry storeroom in close proximity to thelaundry. Break-out laundry chemicals stored in the laundry should be kept to a maximum amount needed for aone week period. Powdered chemicals such as″Two-shot″, sour blue and starch should be covered and stored ina cool, dry space to prevent it from developing cakes and lumps.″Two-shot″ and sour blue can be broken upbefore use, however starch can not be used if it cakes due to coming in contact with moisture.

655-3.8 DRY CLEANING CHEMICALS

Perchloroethylene or″perc″ is the most prominent solvent used for dry cleaning. It is a clear, colorless andnonflammable liquid that has a sharp, sweet odor and evaporates quickly when exposed to air. It is an effectivecleaning solvent because it removes most stains and dirt from all types of fabrics. Perc should only be used whenit is free and clear of water, dirt, rust, oils, or other contaminants. Authorized shipboard dry cleaning solvent isthat stocked in the Federal Supply System and procured in accordance with ASTM-D4081, Standard Specifica-tion for Dry Cleaning Grade Perchloroethylene. Perc is a toxic chemical and has been declared a suspected car-cinogen, hazardous air pollutant, and ozone depleter.

655-3.8.1 Operating with Perchloroethylene. To operate safely with perc, all operators should be fullyacquainted with the flow of perc through a typical dry cleaning unit. At the start of the cycle the cylinder is filledwith clean perc from the base tank. From there it generally circulates continuously through the filter and backinto the cylinder. Periodically perc from the wash cycle may be run through the still for purification and returned

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to the base tank. Some machines may be programmed to operate with a continuous distillation cycle. In the dry-ing phase, hot air evaporates the perc left on the garments. The solvent vapors are condensed and returned as aliquid to the base tank. Washing and drying are typically accomplished in the same piece of equipment in a″dry-to-dry″ process.

655-3.8.1.1 Washing-Extract Step. The first and most basic step in the dry cleaning process is placing the gar-ments in the cylinder of the dry cleaning machine. The door is then closed and the cycle begins by filling withthe solvent/detergent solution from the base tank. Here the clothes are subject to mechanical agitation in thesolution. This causes both water-soluble and solvent-soluble soils to dissolve and insoluble soils and particulatesto disperse. At the end of the wash cycle the solvent is drained from the cylinder. During the spin cycle, addi-tional solvent is extracted from the garments in order to help reduce subsequent drying time. The overall qualityof this process depends on a number of factors:

1. Detergent Charge. An efficient dry cleaning operation, capable of removing a wide range of soluble andinsoluble soils, requires careful control of the solvent/detergent/moisture ratio. Proper charge levels for mostdetergents can be determined by using a simple but effective test kit and may be controlled by a detergentmetering device. Moisture levels may also be controlled by means of several moisture control devices.

2. Cycle Time. Some soils are more easily dissolved or dispersed than others, and certain fabrics will free soilsmore readily. Experience with different soils and fabrics will help the operator adjust the cycle time to suit thespecific conditions of the load.

3. Mechanical Action. Generally, both soluble and insoluble soils are removed more quickly as the degree ofagitation is increased (although too much mechanical action can damage the garment being cleaned). Agita-tion is determined by the design of the cylinder, the speed of rotation, and the amount of solvent in themachine. In particular, a load of garments that is less than the machine’s recommended capacity will receivegreater agitation than one that meets or exceeds the manufacturer’s recommendation.

4. Solvent Temperature. The solubility of most soils is related to the temperature of the solvent. In particular,partially soluble and gummy soils dissolve more quickly as the temperature increases. A balance must bestruck, however, because too high a temperature may soften resin binders causing coloring to disperse and mayalso raise the solvent relative humidity to levels (80% or higher) where garment damage can occur. Ideal sol-vent temperature, therefore, is between 75° and 80° F. This can be controlled by a solvent cooling device inthe dry cleaning machine.

5. Solvent Cleanliness. Clean perc is needed if garments are to be returned clean. Filters and stills, when prop-erly maintained, will keep the solvent clean. You can tell how effective these are by visually inspecting theperc. The perc should be a clear, colorless liquid free from suspended particles.

655-3.8.1.2 Drying Cycle. The drying process removes any solvent remaining in the clothes following thewashing-extraction portion of the dry cleaning process. Different types of loads will require different dryingtimes. Several factors in drying must be controlled to insure an efficient drying cycle:

1. Load Size. Overloading the cylinder slows the flow of warm air through the wheel. This slows the evapo-ration of the perc from the clothes.

2. Airflow. Warm air is blown through the cylinder to evaporate the perc and dry the clothes. Since the flowof air is affected by the amount of lint on the lint filter, this filter should be cleaned frequently. Lint build-upon the condensing coils can also restrict airflow, so these coils should also be checked regularly and accumu-lated lint cleaned off.

3. Cylinder Temperature. The best temperature for the warm air that flows through the cylinder is about 140°F.

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If the temperature is much cooler, some clothes may not be dried completely. If the temperature is muchwarmer, wrinkles may set and some temperature-sensitive fabrics may experience degradation.

4. Condenser Temperature. A condenser is used to recover perc vapor from the air as the clothes are dried.Liquid perc is returned to the base tank, and the air is cycled again through the clothes for further drying.

655-3.8.1.3 Filtration. Filtration is an effective and economical method of clarifying solvent for re-use. Inoperation, the solvent flows from the outside of the filter through a paper filtering medium to remove particulatematerial and then through an activated carbon bed to remove some types of dyes that may bleed. When it is doneproperly, the solvent returned to the cylinder will be pure enough to meet the requirements for quality cleaning.A properly equipped and operated filter system can remove most insoluble soils, such as earth, sand, dust, lint,ashes, hair, and various kinds of pigments and dyes. As soil accumulates on the surface of the filter cartridge, therate of flow of the solvent through the filter decreases. Filters must be changed before they become overloadedin accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Filter waste must be handled and disposed of as hazard-ous material.

655-3.8.1.4 Distillation. Distillation is a method used to reclaim and recycle perchloroethylene. This is a pro-cess in which used or impure solvent (perc which contains an excessive amount of solvent-soluble non-volatileresidues, such as fatty acids, grease and oils) is heated to the boiling point (250° F) and vaporized. Since impu-rities boil at a higher temperature than perc, they are left behind in the bottom of the still as sludge. Perc vapors,now free of impurities, pass through a riser to a condenser where they are liquified into a solvent/moisture mix-ture. Before the solvent can be returned to the storage tank, the water must be removed. This is done in a waterseparator, a simple but highly effective device. When a solvent/water mixture is passed through the water sepa-rator, the water, which is lighter than the solvent, rises to the surface and can be drawn off. The heavier solventflows under the baffle and is drained from the other side of the water separator. The distilled and dried perc isreturned to the storage tank for re-use.

655-3.8.1.4.1 Foul odors or off-odors in the solvent can be carried over into the cleaned garments. In most cases,odor-causing soils removed from the garments are trapped in the filter or the still. Odors that persist in the dis-tilled perc, however, may be a sign that the still is not operating properly. The still should be run at a tempera-ture no higher than the boiling point of perc (250° F) to prevent the odor-causing compounds from boiling anddistilling with the solvent.

655-3.8.2 Safety and Health Considerations. When proper safety precautions are observed, perc can be stored,handled and used safely. At the same time however, it is important to understand the hazards associated with perc.The most current and detailed information on health effects, handling procedures and first aid is contained in theMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the product. The MSDS should be posted in the dry cleaning space andmade available for inspection by all personnel. All operators and maintenance personnel must be thoroughlytrained on the information provided in the MSDS.

655-3.8.2.1 Routes of Exposure. Toxicity is the capability of a substance to produce a harmful or adverse effecton a living organism at some level or frequency of exposure. Exposure to perc may occur through inhalation,skin contact, eye contact and ingestion. The possibility and degree of exposure can be minimized by using properengineering controls, ventilation equipment and personal protection equipment such as gloves, goggles and res-pirators.

655-3.8.2.1.1 Inhalation. Breathing solvent vapor is the most likely route of exposure to perc, and it is essen-tial to keep atmospheric levels in the workplace below the permissible exposure limits and minimize exposure at

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all times. There may be considerable variation in the subjective response of different individuals when exposedto perc. A response to different exposure levels may vary with the length of exposure and likely with the physi-cal condition of the individual. Exposure to perc vapor concentrations within the permissible exposure limitsshould not result in any known adverse effects. The presence of solvent vapor in the air can produce an odor.Although odor itself is not an acceptable measure of vapor concentration it can warn of a condition that requiresfurther investigation

655-3.8.2.1.2 Skin Contact. Perc is not likely to be absorbed in acutely toxic amounts through the skin. Fre-quent daily contact with perc can defat the skin and cause inflammation, but occasional brief skin contact is notlikely to produce any significant adverse effects. If perc is confined to the skin (e.g. under clothing) so that it cannot evaporate, severe irritation, even a burn may result. For frequent or prolonged contact wear gloves with apermeability suitable to the degree of contact.

655-3.8.2.1.3 Eye Contact. Undiluted solvent splattered into the eyes will produce slight to severe eye irrita-tion, and possible transient and reversible corneal injury. Although no serious injury is likely, exposure can causeextreme discomfort. Under routine conditions, use safety glasses or their equivalent. Contact lenses are not rec-ommended. Where liquid splash contact is possible chemical goggles should be worn.

655-3.8.2.1.4 Ingestion. The least likely route of exposure is ingestion, or swallowing perc. There is little like-lihood of ingesting perc when handling it properly in the dry cleaning plant. Intentionally swallowing largeamounts of perc however, could result in serious injury or death.

655-3.8.2.2 Effects of Exposure. The extent of any health effects from perc exposure depends on the concen-tration of perc and how long the exposure lasts. People exposed to high levels of perc vapors, even for brief peri-ods, may experience serious symptoms. The initial effects of overexposure may cause adverse effects includingnose and eye irritation, fatigue and headaches, and anesthetic and narcotic effects such as lightheadedness, diz-ziness, mental dullness, and loss of coordination. Exposure to continual and extremely high vapor concentrationsmay cause severe depression of mental functions, respiratory failure, unconsciousness and even death. Concen-trations capable of causing serious acute effects such as unconsciousness may be expected only in exceptionalcircumstances such as working in inadequately ventilated confined areas or bending over a large pool of spilledperc without the proper protective equipment. Daily overexposure, whether voluntary or accidental, to concen-trations causing dizziness or other more serious side effects may produce liver damage and respiratory failure.The cancer-causing potential of perc has been extensively investigated. In laboratory studies, perc has been shownto cause cancer in rats and mice when they swallow or inhale it. There is also evidence suggesting a possiblecasual association between perc exposure and elevated risks of certain types of cancer. As with all health effects,the potential for an increase of cancer depends on several factors including how much perc exposure there is,how often the exposure occurs, and how long it last. Also, important is the way the exposure occurs, as well asthe individual’s overall state of health, age, lifestyle, and family traits.

655-3.8.2.3 Reducing Exposure. When perchloroethylene is used and handled properly by trained personneland equipment is operated and maintained properly, it should present little or no practical hazard to personnel. Atlevels below current exposure limits perchloroethylene is unlikely to produce any adverse effects, even fromrepeated exposure. Prevention and control of perc vapors can accomplished by proper maintenance of equipmentto avoid leaks, immediately cleaning up any leaks or spills, ensuring an adequate supply of fresh air through thearea and ensuring all equipment ventilation, especially exhaust ventilation, is functioning properly and in goodcondition.

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655-3.8.2.4 First Aid Treatment. Individuals exposed to perc should be given prompt medical attention andtreated in accordance with the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

655-3.9 Laundry and Dry Cleaning Supplies.

All laundry and dry cleaning chemical supplies necessary for shipboard operation are listed inTable 655-3-3.Products not listed inTable 655-3-3shall not be excluded from consideration if they demonstrate conformanceto performance requirements and HAZMAT requirements.

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Table 655-3-3 SHIPBOARD LAUNDRY AND DRY CLEANING SUPPLIES

MATERIAL SPECIFICATION NATIONAL STOCK NUMBER VENDOR

Detergent/Oxygen Bleach, Powder″2-Shot″, 40 LB CO

NCTRF/PD11-85A 7930-01-236-7280

Sour Blue, Powder Commercial 7930-00-205-2882Detergent, Solid Cake″Solid SurgePlus″

Commercial 7930-01-436-8050 ECOLAB

Detergent, Solid Cake″Solid SurgePlus NP″


Sour, Solid Cake″Solid Neutral-izer″


Oxygen Bleach, Solid Cake″SolidOxybrite″


Detergent, Solid Cake″Solid SuperStar″


Starch Commercial 7930-00-841-6362Dry Cleaning GradePerchloroethylene, 55 Gal DR

ASTM D 4081 6810-01-437-4332

Dry Cleaning GradePerchloroethylene, 5 Gal CN

ASTM D 4081 6810-01-097-2020

Dry Cleaning Detergent A-A-52093 6850-01-455-9292Stain Remover″Laundry TarGo″ Commercial 6850-01-290-1757 A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″TarGo Dry″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″RustGo″ Commercial 6850-00-774-5767 A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Spot Remover″YellowGo″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″QwikGo″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″BonGo″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″SpotsGo″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover″RiteGo″ Commercial A.L. Wilson Chemi-

cal CoStain Remover System″StainBlaster″

Commercial ECOLAB

Laundry Reclaim System″StainBlaster Power Paks″

Commercial ECOLAB

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Documents

NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL - · PDF filenaval ships’ technical manual chapter 655 laundry and dry cleaning this chapter supersedes chapter 655r1 dated 28 feb 1998 distribution