NBISD: Developing a Strategic Technology Plan EDLD5362 Laura Hearnsberger, ET8012

NBISD: Developing a NBISD: Developing a Strategic Technology PlanStrategic Technology Plan

EDLD5362EDLD5362

Laura Hearnsberger, ET8012Laura Hearnsberger, ET8012

““Strategic planning gives rise to Strategic planning gives rise to considerable attention being paid to considerable attention being paid to beliefs, visions, missions, goals, and beliefs, visions, missions, goals, and action plans…On rare occasions, such action plans…On rare occasions, such strategic plans actually serve as a strategic plans actually serve as a blueprint for action over time” blueprint for action over time” (Schlechty, 1997).(Schlechty, 1997).

Laura HearnsbergerLaura Hearnsberger

ContentsContents

• Planning committeePlanning committee

• Developing a knowledge baseDeveloping a knowledge base

• VisualizationVisualization

• ImplementationImplementation

• EvaluationEvaluation

• My evaluationMy evaluation

• My solutionMy solution


Step One: The CommitteeStep One: The Committee

• ““The plan should be the result of input The plan should be the result of input from educators and community members from educators and community members with knowledge, experience, and with knowledge, experience, and expectations of the role of technology in expectations of the role of technology in their school.”their school.”

• ““The support of key administrators and The support of key administrators and influential teachers is critical to the plan's influential teachers is critical to the plan's implementation and success.”implementation and success.”

• (November, 1996)(November, 1996)


NBISD Technology Planning NBISD Technology Planning Committee MakeupCommittee Makeup• Our 28-member Our 28-member

technology committee technology committee comprises 12 teachers.comprises 12 teachers.

• Only two administrators Only two administrators serve on the committee, a serve on the committee, a principal and a counselor, principal and a counselor, both from elementary both from elementary schools.schools.

• No district curriculum No district curriculum leaders or government leaders or government agency representatives agency representatives participate.participate.

• (New Braunfels ISD, 2007) (New Braunfels ISD, 2007) Teachers Technologists

Administrators Librarians

Parents Community Members


NBISD Technology Planning NBISD Technology Planning Committee MakeupCommittee Makeup• Since 2-3 representatives Since 2-3 representatives

were sent from each were sent from each regular campus, and the regular campus, and the district has eight district has eight elementary schools, but elementary schools, but only three secondary only three secondary schools, elementary level schools, elementary level representation is representation is disproportionately high.disproportionately high.

• The high school’s The high school’s representatives include a representatives include a science teacher, a science teacher, a speech/non-technology speech/non-technology electives teacher, a electives teacher, a broadcast teacher, but no broadcast teacher, but no administrators.administrators.

• (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)

Elementary Middle School

High School Alternative School

District Office


Step Two: Develop a Step Two: Develop a Knowledge BaseKnowledge Base• Team members must understand:Team members must understand:

– ““How students learn”How students learn”– ““What skills students need to succeed in the workplace”What skills students need to succeed in the workplace”– ““How technology can be used to improve education”How technology can be used to improve education”– ““Most promising ways of using technology to improve Most promising ways of using technology to improve

student achievement”student achievement”– ““Condition of facilities”Condition of facilities”– ““Available technology (including cost)”Available technology (including cost)”– ““Professional development opportunities and Professional development opportunities and

requirements”requirements”– (November, 1996)(November, 1996)


NBISD FactsNBISD Facts

• New Braunfels ISD profile:New Braunfels ISD profile:– ESC Region: XIIIESC Region: XIII– Number of campuses: 12Number of campuses: 12– Total student enrollment: 7,444Total student enrollment: 7,444– Economically disadvantaged: Economically disadvantaged:

39.51%39.51%– Technology Budget:Technology Budget:

• Teaching and learning - $180,000Teaching and learning - $180,000• Educator prep and development - Educator prep and development -

$162,000$162,000• Leadership, administration and Leadership, administration and

support - $1,823,000support - $1,823,000• Infrastructure for technology - Infrastructure for technology -

$4,260,000$4,260,000– Technology expenditure per pupil: Technology expenditure per pupil:

$863.11$863.11– 100 Percent of classrooms have 100 Percent of classrooms have

direct connection to Internetdirect connection to Internet– Computer to student ratio - 1:3Computer to student ratio - 1:3– Computer to teacher ratio - 1:1Computer to teacher ratio - 1:1– (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)

• Notable pointsNotable points– The student to computer ratio of The student to computer ratio of

1:3 is misleading, since it includes 1:3 is misleading, since it includes computers that reside in computers that reside in individual teacher’s classroom individual teacher’s classroom labs and are unavailable to most labs and are unavailable to most of the students.of the students.

– 94.6 percent of the district 94.6 percent of the district technology budget ($6,425,000) technology budget ($6,425,000) goes toward two categories:goes toward two categories:

• Leadership, administration and Leadership, administration and supportsupport

• Infrastructure for technologyInfrastructure for technology



• Technology resourcesTechnology resources– Subscriptions to online resources Subscriptions to online resources

for teachers and students, for teachers and students, including databases and including databases and encyclopediasencyclopedias

– Online Latin courses for high Online Latin courses for high school studentsschool students

– Video streaming from Discovery Video streaming from Discovery StreamingStreaming

– Class Works Gold SoftwareClass Works Gold Software– AR and STAR reading programsAR and STAR reading programs– A+ Learning Systems for credit A+ Learning Systems for credit

recoveryrecovery– Successmaker, Waterford, and Successmaker, Waterford, and

Read Naturally systems in place for Read Naturally systems in place for math and reading interventionmath and reading intervention

– Digital Knowledge Central, GAIL Digital Knowledge Central, GAIL Group, and Britannica OnlineGroup, and Britannica Online

– Digital cameras, scanners, video Digital cameras, scanners, video cameras, and digital projectors for cameras, and digital projectors for checkoutcheckout

– (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)

• Notable pointsNotable points– Bullets one and nine are the same Bullets one and nine are the same

thing, phrased differently.thing, phrased differently.– Most of the items listed do not Most of the items listed do not

promote 21promote 21stst century learning century learning skills or a constructivist approach skills or a constructivist approach to learning. AR is a program to learning. AR is a program designed to monitor student designed to monitor student reading. Students read a book reading. Students read a book then take a comprehension test then take a comprehension test for points.for points.

– This is not a comprehensive list of This is not a comprehensive list of technology available in the technology available in the district. Some technology items district. Some technology items are paid for with technology are paid for with technology budget money, but others are budget money, but others are paid for from different parts of the paid for from different parts of the budget.budget.



• Staff trainingStaff training– All teachers are required to take All teachers are required to take

the Texas Teacher STaR Chart the Texas Teacher STaR Chart survey each year.survey each year.

– Proficient teachers in the district Proficient teachers in the district provide training to other teachers.provide training to other teachers.

– A team of teachers attend the A team of teachers attend the TCEA State Convention each year.TCEA State Convention each year.

– All staff are required to meet All staff are required to meet certain teacher and professional certain teacher and professional computer competency computer competency proficiencies.proficiencies.

– Summer training opportunities are Summer training opportunities are available for teachers on a variety available for teachers on a variety of topics.of topics.

– A series of trainings hosted by the A series of trainings hosted by the technology department called technology department called “TECH Time for administrators “TECH Time for administrators and principals”and principals”

– (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)

• Notable pointsNotable points– Bullets one and four are not Bullets one and four are not

training, they are evaluations.training, they are evaluations.– I have never heard a report from I have never heard a report from

any teacher attending the TCEA any teacher attending the TCEA State Convention or been offered State Convention or been offered the opportunity to go.the opportunity to go.


NBISD Tech Committee NBISD Tech Committee Information SourcesInformation Sources• Review of the literature to identify Review of the literature to identify

best practicebest practice• Inventory of school site hardware Inventory of school site hardware

and instructional softwareand instructional software• LoTi survey of teachers and LoTi survey of teachers and

administratorsadministrators• STaR Chart surveySTaR Chart survey• Planning sessions with librarians, Planning sessions with librarians,

technology curriculum integration technology curriculum integration specialists, and classroom teachersspecialists, and classroom teachers

• Campus technology plans designed Campus technology plans designed by campus technology committees by campus technology committees

• Technology plans of other like Technology plans of other like districtsdistricts

• Budgets for technology, including Budgets for technology, including local, state, and grant fundslocal, state, and grant funds

• Partnership for 21st Century SkillsPartnership for 21st Century Skills• (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)

• Notable pointsNotable points– Specific books read are not Specific books read are not

identified.identified.– New Braunfels High School does New Braunfels High School does

not have a campus technology not have a campus technology committee.committee.


Step Three: VisualizeStep Three: Visualize

• Team members “generate a collective vision.” It Team members “generate a collective vision.” It should:should:– ““Support meaningful, engaged learning for all students.”Support meaningful, engaged learning for all students.”– ““Outline the district's learning goals for placing Outline the district's learning goals for placing

technology in the hands of educators and students.”technology in the hands of educators and students.”– ““Support the curricular goals of the school.”Support the curricular goals of the school.”

• ““It is imperative that the vision statement and the It is imperative that the vision statement and the technology plan are developed with foresight, technology plan are developed with foresight, consensus, and long-range goal planning.”consensus, and long-range goal planning.”– (November, 1996)(November, 1996)


NBISD Vision Statement, part NBISD Vision Statement, part oneone

The students in the New Braunfels schools deserve the The students in the New Braunfels schools deserve the best education. In order for our students to be competitive in best education. In order for our students to be competitive in gaining entrance to a college or university and/or competitive gaining entrance to a college or university and/or competitive in the workforce, they must be prepared for their futures. Part in the workforce, they must be prepared for their futures. Part of that preparation involves the use of technology. New of that preparation involves the use of technology. New Braunfels has an estimated population of 49,000 with an Braunfels has an estimated population of 49,000 with an unemployment rate of 5.1%. Most of the jobs in this area are unemployment rate of 5.1%. Most of the jobs in this area are related to education, health and social services, retail, tourism related to education, health and social services, retail, tourism and manufacturing.and manufacturing.

Students in the NBISD schools will have access to Students in the NBISD schools will have access to information via the Internet and on-line library databases. This information via the Internet and on-line library databases. This access allows for real-time information presented at critical access allows for real-time information presented at critical times of the instructional process, and is more authentic than times of the instructional process, and is more authentic than using only what is provided in textbooks.using only what is provided in textbooks.


NBISD Vision Statement, part NBISD Vision Statement, part twotwoEvery child in America needs 21st century knowledge and skills to Every child in America needs 21st century knowledge and skills to succeed as effective citizens, workers and leaders in the 21st succeed as effective citizens, workers and leaders in the 21st century (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2006). This skill set century (Partnership for 21st Century Skills, 2006). This skill set includes:includes:

– Information and communication skills (information and media Information and communication skills (information and media literacy skills, communication skills)literacy skills, communication skills)

– Thinking and problem-solving (critical thinking and systems thinking, Thinking and problem-solving (critical thinking and systems thinking, problem identification, formulation and solution, creativity and problem identification, formulation and solution, creativity and intellectual curiosity)intellectual curiosity)

– Interpersonal and self-direction skills (interpersonal and Interpersonal and self-direction skills (interpersonal and collaborative skills, self-direction, accountability and adaptability, collaborative skills, self-direction, accountability and adaptability, social responsibility)social responsibility)

– Global awarenessGlobal awareness– Financial, economic and business literacy, and developing Financial, economic and business literacy, and developing

entrepreneurial skills to enhance workplace productivity and career entrepreneurial skills to enhance workplace productivity and career optionsoptions

– Civic literacyCivic literacy(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)


Step Four: ImplementationStep Four: Implementation

• ““No plan, no matter how well conceived, No plan, no matter how well conceived, will be of any value if it is not implemented will be of any value if it is not implemented at the building and classroom levels” at the building and classroom levels” (November, 1996).(November, 1996).

• ““The recommendations for Teaching and The recommendations for Teaching and Learning; Educator Preparation and Learning; Educator Preparation and Development; Leadership, Administration Development; Leadership, Administration and Instructional Support; and and Instructional Support; and Infrastructure for Technology implemented Infrastructure for Technology implemented together will help realize the overarching together will help realize the overarching vision of the plan” (Texas State Board, vision of the plan” (Texas State Board, 2006).2006).


Implementation at NBISDImplementation at NBISD

• NBISD based its technology plan NBISD based its technology plan categories on the Texas Long-Range Plan categories on the Texas Long-Range Plan for Technology, and calls them goals.for Technology, and calls them goals.

• Each goal includes 3-5 objectives and its Each goal includes 3-5 objectives and its budget.budget.

• Each objective has 3-6 strategies, Each objective has 3-6 strategies, including “timeline,” “person responsible,” including “timeline,” “person responsible,” and “evidence.” and “evidence.”



NBISD Technology PlanNBISD Technology Plan

• Goal 1: Enhance teaching and learning Goal 1: Enhance teaching and learning through the use of technologythrough the use of technology– Objective 1: Objective 1: Learners will have access to and use relevant Learners will have access to and use relevant

instructional resources and services. Budget: $90,000instructional resources and services. Budget: $90,000– Objective 2: Objective 2: Learners will use information and Learners will use information and

communication technologies to collaborate, construct communication technologies to collaborate, construct knowledge, and provide solutions to relevant problems. knowledge, and provide solutions to relevant problems. Budget: $30,000Budget: $30,000

– Objective 3: Objective 3: Learners will conduct high-quality research in Learners will conduct high-quality research in all content areas as it relates to relevant situations. all content areas as it relates to relevant situations. Budget: $40,000Budget: $40,000

– Objective 4: Objective 4: Learners will effectively communicate Learners will effectively communicate knowledge and understanding in a variety of formats. knowledge and understanding in a variety of formats. Budget: $20,000Budget: $20,000




• Goal 2: Educator Preparation, Leadership, Goal 2: Educator Preparation, Leadership, and Development and Development – Objective 1: Objective 1: Educators will be able to insure the Educators will be able to insure the

integration of appropriate technology and technology integration of appropriate technology and technology application TEKS throughout the core curriculum. Budget: application TEKS throughout the core curriculum. Budget: $17,000$17,000

– Objective 2: Objective 2: Develop new learning environments that Develop new learning environments that utilize technology to where the learning is collaborative, utilize technology to where the learning is collaborative, interactive, and customized. Budget: $10,000interactive, and customized. Budget: $10,000

– Objective 3: Objective 3: New Braunfels ISD will continue the New Braunfels ISD will continue the Technology Proficiencies Program with incentives for Technology Proficiencies Program with incentives for Phases III and IV. Budget: $120,000Phases III and IV. Budget: $120,000

– Objective 4: Objective 4: Provide teachers with continuing education Provide teachers with continuing education and professional growth opportunities. Budget: $15,000and professional growth opportunities. Budget: $15,000




• Goal 3: Leadership, Administration and Support Goal 3: Leadership, Administration and Support ServicesServices– Objective 1: Objective 1: Develop, budget, implement, and monitor a Develop, budget, implement, and monitor a

dynamic technology plan to meet the needs of a changing dynamic technology plan to meet the needs of a changing work force and global economy. Budget: $1,778,000work force and global economy. Budget: $1,778,000

– Objective 2: Objective 2: Create innovative, flexible, and responsive Create innovative, flexible, and responsive environments to maximize teaching, learning, and community environments to maximize teaching, learning, and community involvement. Budget: $3,000involvement. Budget: $3,000

– Objective 3: Objective 3: Provide sustained, relevant and timely adult Provide sustained, relevant and timely adult learning opportunities in a variety of delivery formats. Budget: learning opportunities in a variety of delivery formats. Budget: $35,000$35,000

– Objective 4: Objective 4: Expect appropriate technology use throughout Expect appropriate technology use throughout the teaching and learning process. Budget: $5,000the teaching and learning process. Budget: $5,000

– Objective 5: Objective 5: District staff and community will be informed District staff and community will be informed about district technology issues and progress. Budget: $2,000about district technology issues and progress. Budget: $2,000




• Goal 4: Infrastructure for TechnologyGoal 4: Infrastructure for Technology– Objective 1: Objective 1: Equip classrooms, libraries, and Equip classrooms, libraries, and

offices with the necessary technology to meet the offices with the necessary technology to meet the needs of the staff and students of NBISD. Budget: needs of the staff and students of NBISD. Budget: $3,400,000$3,400,000

– Objective 2: Objective 2: Provide support for hardware Provide support for hardware infrastructure and technical resources to infrastructure and technical resources to implement and maintain district endeavors implement and maintain district endeavors dependent on technology. Budget: $20,000dependent on technology. Budget: $20,000

– Objective 3: Objective 3: Ensure all new schools are Ensure all new schools are equipped with all technology necessary to fulfill equipped with all technology necessary to fulfill NBISD instructional goals. Budget: $840,000NBISD instructional goals. Budget: $840,000



Step Five: EvaluationStep Five: Evaluation

• ““To manage the implementation of To manage the implementation of technology into the school, decision makers technology into the school, decision makers may create specific duties, regulations, and may create specific duties, regulations, and policies that are counter to the collaborative policies that are counter to the collaborative nature of the technology plan or the ever-nature of the technology plan or the ever-changing nature of technology.” To avoid changing nature of technology.” To avoid this, it is important that:this, it is important that:– ““The technology plan is periodically reviewed and The technology plan is periodically reviewed and

updated.”updated.”– ““Evaluation plans are in place to ensure the Evaluation plans are in place to ensure the

technology plan generates the desired outcomes.”technology plan generates the desired outcomes.”• (November, 1996).(November, 1996).


Evaluation at NBISDEvaluation at NBISD

• New Braunfels ISD’s STaR Chart resultsNew Braunfels ISD’s STaR Chart results• LoTi surveyLoTi survey• Records of staff member participation in technology Records of staff member participation in technology

trainingtraining• Lesson plansLesson plans• Community access to technology resources and informationCommunity access to technology resources and information• Attendance at open community labs as well as technology Attendance at open community labs as well as technology

related adult education classesrelated adult education classes• Summative assessments of teachers, principals, and Summative assessments of teachers, principals, and

studentsstudents• Yearly inventoryYearly inventory• Support and maintenance recordsSupport and maintenance records• (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)(New Braunfels ISD, 2007)


ReviewReview

• A school district technology plan:A school district technology plan:– ““Is based on the shared vision of educators, Is based on the shared vision of educators,

parents, community members, and business parents, community members, and business leaders who have technological expertise.”leaders who have technological expertise.”

– ““Ensures that technology strengthens existing Ensures that technology strengthens existing curricula and supports meaningful, engaged curricula and supports meaningful, engaged learning for all students.”learning for all students.”

– ““Specifies how the technology will be paid for Specifies how the technology will be paid for and how its use will be supported.”and how its use will be supported.”

• (November, 1996)(November, 1996)


My Evaluation of the NBISD My Evaluation of the NBISD Technology PlanTechnology Plan• In In Inventing Better Schools, Inventing Better Schools, Schlecty Schlecty

defines the relationships among the parts defines the relationships among the parts of a strategic plan:of a strategic plan:– Beliefs - conditions of willingness to actBeliefs - conditions of willingness to act– Vision - what the school would look like if the Vision - what the school would look like if the

beliefs were realizedbeliefs were realized– Mission - a bundle of goals, that will need to be Mission - a bundle of goals, that will need to be

unbundled for action to proceedunbundled for action to proceed– Goals - something to be accomplishedGoals - something to be accomplished– Action - steps taken toward accomplishing the Action - steps taken toward accomplishing the

goalgoal• (Schlechty, 1997)(Schlechty, 1997)


From Beliefs to Action: An From Beliefs to Action: An ExampleExample

BeliefsBeliefs

VisionVision

MissionMission

GoalsGoals

ActionAction

Man can flyMan can fly

Humankind as interplanetary space Humankind as interplanetary space travelertraveler

To go to the moonTo go to the moon

To build a lunar moduleTo build a lunar module

Subcontract with GrummanSubcontract with Grumman(Schlechty, 1997)


My Evaluation of the NBISD My Evaluation of the NBISD Technology PlanTechnology Plan

BeliefsBeliefs

VisionVision

MissionMission

GoalsGoals

ActionAction

In the NBISD technology plan, all of In the NBISD technology plan, all of these parts are disparate and fail to these parts are disparate and fail to build upon one another.build upon one another.

(Schlechty, 1997)



BeliefsBeliefs

VisionVision

MissionMission

GoalsGoals

ActionAction

The vision statement does not paint a The vision statement does not paint a picture of schools in the future; it just picture of schools in the future; it just cites a need for technology and the cites a need for technology and the belief that “the students in the New belief that “the students in the New Braunfels schools deserve the best Braunfels schools deserve the best education… they must be prepared education… they must be prepared for their futures (New Braunfels ISD, for their futures (New Braunfels ISD, 2007).2007).

(Schlechty, 1997)



BeliefsBeliefs

VisionVision

MissionMission

GoalsGoals

ActionAction

The mission—“New Braunfels schools The mission—“New Braunfels schools must align classroom environments must align classroom environments with real world environments focusing with real world environments focusing on 21on 21stst century skills” (New Braunfels century skills” (New Braunfels ISD, 2007)—sounds good, but the ISD, 2007)—sounds good, but the goals and actions created do not goals and actions created do not reflect it.reflect it.

(Schlechty, 1997)



BeliefsBeliefs

VisionVision

MissionMission

GoalsGoals

ActionAction

• There is little accountability in There is little accountability in place.place.– ““Evidence” of implementation and Evidence” of implementation and

“Person(s) responsible” are designated “Person(s) responsible” are designated in the plan, but there are no procedures in the plan, but there are no procedures in place to rectify the plan’s going off in place to rectify the plan’s going off course.course.

– The data described in the plan are The data described in the plan are gathered, but there is no system for gathered, but there is no system for aggregation or analysis.aggregation or analysis.

(Schlechty, 1997)



AreaArea TargeTargett

2009 2009 ScoreScore ChangeChange ClassificationClassification

Teaching & LearningTeaching & Learning 21-2421-24 1414 -1-1 DevelopingDeveloping

Educator PreparationEducator Preparation 21-2421-24 1212 -2-2 DevelopingDeveloping

Admin & SupportAdmin & Support 21-2421-24 1313 -1-1 DevelopingDeveloping

InfrastructureInfrastructure 21-2421-24 1616 -3-3 AdvancedAdvanced

• These STaR Chart results for school year 2008-2009 These STaR Chart results for school year 2008-2009 demonstrate the ineffectiveness of our technology demonstrate the ineffectiveness of our technology plan, which was put in place in 2007 (Texas Education plan, which was put in place in 2007 (Texas Education Agency, 2009). We have lost points in each category, Agency, 2009). We have lost points in each category, the same categories used for our technology plan.the same categories used for our technology plan.


My SolutionMy Solution

• We should include more interested stakeholders into the We should include more interested stakeholders into the planning process, to ensure that the committee is not just planning process, to ensure that the committee is not just meeting a state requirement, but actually creating a meeting a state requirement, but actually creating a document to guide technology integration.document to guide technology integration.

• Administrators from every level should be a part of the Administrators from every level should be a part of the process.process.

• Curriculum coordinators should be involved in the Curriculum coordinators should be involved in the planning.planning.

• We should plan more professional development focusing We should plan more professional development focusing on technology integration. The entire nation is lacking in on technology integration. The entire nation is lacking in this area (Burns, 2002), and it can't improve until this area (Burns, 2002), and it can't improve until education leaders make it a known, funded priority by education leaders make it a known, funded priority by offering a variety of learner-centered professional offering a variety of learner-centered professional development.development.


ReferencesReferences

Burns, M. (2002). From compliance to commitment: technology as a Burns, M. (2002). From compliance to commitment: technology as a catalyst for communities of learning. catalyst for communities of learning. Phi Delta Kappan, Phi Delta Kappan, 84(4), 295-84(4), 295-303.303.

New Braunfels ISD, Technology Planning Committee. (2007, updated New Braunfels ISD, Technology Planning Committee. (2007, updated in 2009). in 2009). New Braunfels ISD technology plan for e-rate year 12: New Braunfels ISD technology plan for e-rate year 12: 2007-20102007-2010. New Braunfels, TX.. New Braunfels, TX.

November, A. (1996). November, A. (1996). Critical issue: developing a school or district Critical issue: developing a school or district technology plantechnology plan. Retrieved from . Retrieved from http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te300.hthttp://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te300.htmm

Schlechty, P.C. (1997). Schlechty, P.C. (1997). Inventing better schools: an action plan for Inventing better schools: an action plan for educational reform.educational reform. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc.. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc..

Texas Education Agency, (2009). Texas Education Agency, (2009). Texas star chartTexas star chart Retrieved from Retrieved from http://starchart2.esc12.net/ http://starchart2.esc12.net/

Texas State Board of Education, Educational Technology Advisory Texas State Board of Education, Educational Technology Advisory Committee. (2006). Committee. (2006). Long-range plan for technology, 2006-2020Long-range plan for technology, 2006-2020 Austin, TX. Retrieved from Austin, TX. Retrieved from http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/technology/etac/LRPToct06.pdfhttp://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/technology/etac/LRPToct06.pdf


Documents

NBISD: Developing a Strategic Technology Plan EDLD5362 Laura Hearnsberger, ET8012