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8/13/2019 Nbme 15 Studied Materials
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Diabetic neuropathy symptomsNumbness and tingling of extremitiesDysesthesia (abnormal sensation to a body part)DiarrheaErectile dysfunctionUrinary incontinence (loss of bladder control)Facial, mouth and eyelid drooping
Vision changesDizzinessuscle !ea"nessDifficulty s!allo!ing#peech impairmentFasciculation (muscle contractions)
$norgasmia%&urning or electric pain%
'lipizide
#econd generation sulfonylurea
lose * channel in +cell membrane, so celldepolarizes* triggering of insulin release -ia a.*influx/
#timulate release of endogenous insulin in type. D/ 0e1uire some islet function, so useless intype 2 D
3oxicity4 5ypoglycemiaNF6&
$cti-ation occurs !hen it7s inhibitor, 86&, isphosphorylated by specific protein "inase (8)9 degraded:eads to synthesis of prostaglandins andleu"otrienes
86&0eleases NF6& after undergoing
phosphorylation
8nsulin secretion2/ 'lucose binds 'lut. receptor on +cells./ 'lucose oxidizes to $3; closes channelsin cell membrane depolarization of +cellsa=? >name of this card?
8/13/2019 Nbme 15 Studied Materials
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'luco"inase:i-er and + cells of pancreas:o! affinity (5igh m), high capacity (5igh
Vm)
8nduced by insulin
8t7s a %glu%ton has high Vmax b@c it can7t besatisfied
$t lo! glucose concentration, hexo"inasese1uesters glucose in the tissues/
$h high glucose concentration, excess glucose isstored in the li-er
'lucoseAphosphatase
8n E0'lucoseA;'lucose
:i-er (Not present in muscle);robably stimulated by glucacon
Deficient in Von 'ier"e7s disease#e-ere fasting hypoglycemiaglycogen in li-erblood lactatehepatomegaly
'lycogen phosphorylase0ate determining enzyme for glycogenolysis
#"eletal component deficient in c$rdle7sdiseaseglycogen in muscle, but can7t brea" it do!n;ainful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria !@strenuous exercise
;hosphoenolpyru-ate carboxy"inase
8rre-ersible enzyme in 'luconeogenesis;hosphorylase "inase
$n early component of 'luconeogenesis
&ranchial apparatus
8/13/2019 Nbme 15 Studied Materials
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$; o-ers outside from insidelefts B ectoderm
$rches B mesoderm;ouches B endoderm
2st &rachial archartilage4ec"el7s (andible, alleus, andibular)
uscles4uscles of mastication (asseter, medialpterygoids, ylohyoid)
Ne-es4N V., V