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1863 186518611862 1864
In the spring of 1861, after the seces-sion of Virginia from the Union,Federal forces rushed to secure theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad, which
passed through northwestern Virginiaand linked the Chesapeake Bay with theOhio River and the West. Gen. George B.McClellan led the Union effort to hold therailroad and to protect the largely Union-ist part of Virginia that soon became WestVirginia. The first land battle of the CivilWar occurred on June 3, 1861, whenMcClellan’s forces brushed aside Confed-erate resistance at Philippi. The nextmonth, onJuly 11,Union troopsunderGen.William S. Rosecrans overcame Confeder-ate forces atRichMountain commandedbyGen. Robert S. Garnett, who was chargedwith protecting the turnpike crossroadsat Beverly. Trying toretreat, Garnett waskilled two days laterat Corricks Ford.McClellan became aUnionhero, andPres-ident Abraham Lin-coln soon appointedhim commander ofthe Federal army inthe eastern theater.
In August, Con-federate presidentJefferson Davis senthis senior militaryadvisor, Gen. RobertE. Lee, to westernVirginia to salvagethe situation. In con-trast with his futureadversary McClellan,Lee failed. Many factors conspiredagainst Lee: frictionbetween subordinateConfederate com-
manders, poor weather, disease among thetroops, and rugged terrain. Lee attemptedto drive the Federals from their bastion atCheat Summit Fort on September 11–13,taking personal command in his first battleof the war. Plagued by rain and ineffectiveunderlings, Lee was forced to withdraw, andthe Federals retained control of the Balti-more and Ohio Railroad and the StauntonandParkersburg Turnpike. Davis soon trans-ferred Lee to South Carolina to supervisethe construction of fortifications. While inwestern Virginia, however, Lee acquired a horse that he would treasure the rest ofhis days. Lee named him Traveller.
At about the same time as the CheatMountain debacle, Union forces under Rose-crans drove Confederate Gen. John B.Floyd’s command from its fortifications at
Carnifex Ferry. Eventu-ally, Confederate forcesestablished CampAllegheny on the pres-ent-day Virginia-WestVirginia border toguard the Staunton andParkersburg Turnpike.A Union attack therefailed on December 13,1861. The Confederatesevacuated the site earlyin 1862.
After the fightingand maneuvering in1861, much of the areathat would become West Virginia was inUnion hands, where itremained for the rest ofthe war. Confederatesmounted periodic raidsand isolated actions butnever again seriouslythreatened Federal control there.
March 26 Voters approve West Virginia constitution with antislavery provision
April 20 Lincoln proclaims conditions met for West Virginia statehood
December 7 First W.Va. senators and congressmen seated in Congress
April 20–May 26 Jones-Imboden Raid
April 29 Battle of Fairmont
June 20 West Virginia becomes 35th state
June 10–July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa.
July 1–3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa.
August 26 Restored Government of Virginia relocates in Alexandria
November 6 Battle of Droop Mountain
THE FIRST CAMPAIGN GUERRILLA WARFARE� � � �
September 2 Gen. William T. Sherman captures Atlanta
October 13 Col. John S. Mosby’s Greenback Raid, Jefferson County
June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va.
April 2–3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va.
April 9 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrenders Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, Va.
April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln
April 26 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrenders Army of Tennessee near Durham, N.C.
February 1–April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C.
July 4 Grant captures Vicksburg, Miss.
April 3 Restored Government of Virginia constitution ratified
May 13 Restored Government of Virginia legislature requests state’s admission to Union
August 22–September 12 Jenkins’s Raid
August 28–30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va.
September 4–19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md., W.Va.
April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C.
April 15 President Abraham Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection”
April 17 Virginia secedes
June 3 Battle of Philippi, first land battle of the Civil War
June 11 Convention begins at Wheeling
July 11 Battle of Rich Mountain
April 18 US Forces burn the Armory at Harpers Ferry
July 13 Engagement at Corricks Ford
July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va.
May 22 First US soldierT. Bailey Brown killed
May 23 Virginia voters approve Ordinance Secession
May 13–15 First Wheeling Convention July 25 Union forces occupy Charleston
September 15 Stonewall Jackson occupies Harpers Ferry
December 10 Congress passes West Virginia statehood bill
December 31 Lincoln signs West Virginia statehood bill
Mathias Hom
estead, Courtesy Hardy County CVB and Albert Mach
May 4–June 20 Overland Campaign, Va.
November 15–December 10 Sherman’s March to the Sea, Ga.
THE CIVIL WAR REVISITED� � � � � � � �
Fairmont
Buckhannon
Weston Moorefield
BurningSprings
Morgantown
Harrisonburg
Oakland
Rowlesburg
Independence
Clarksburg
Philippi
WestUnion
HarrisvilleCairo
SuttonHuttonsville
Beverly
Summersville
LaceySpring
Glenville Petersburg
Lewisburg
Elkins
Bridgeport
CampAllegheny
V I R G I N I A
W E S TV I R G I N I A
M A R Y L A N D
Scherr
Jones-Imboden Raid Site
Jones – Main Route
Jones – Detached Raiding Parties
Imboden – Main RouteGlenville
Spencer
Buckhannon
Weston
Rich Mountain
ValleyMountain
Ripley
RavenswoodRacine
PointPleasant
Red House
Buffalo
Milton
Barboursville
Guyandotte
Logan C.H.
Wyoming C.H.(Pineville)
S
Raleigh C.H.(Beckley)
Salt SulphurSprings
Charleston
Brownstown(Marmet)
Jenkins’s Raid Site
Jenkins’s Raid Route
O H I O
V I R G I N I A
W E S TV I R G I N I A
VALLEY
TU
RNP I K
E
O H I O
Staunton
Winchester
HarpersFerry
Martinsburg
Lewisburg
HuntersvilleCharlestonGuyandotte
Wheeling
GraftonClarksburg
Philippi
Fairmont
Beverly
Parkersburg
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V I R G I N I A
Lexington
Covington
ShepherdstownO H I O
RI V
ER
N O R T H W E S T E R N V A R R
N O R TH W E S T E R N T P K
S T A U N T O N A N D P A R K E R S B U R G T P K
BEVER
LY A
ND
FA
I RM
ON
T TPK
J A M E S R I V E R A N D K A NAWHA TPK
B & O R R
Civil War Trails Site
JENKINS’S RAID
Confederate Gen. Albert G. Jenkins led 550cavalrymen on a 500-mile raid through
central West Virginia between August 22 andSeptember 12, 1862, attacking Federal forces,capturing prisoners, and destroying militarystores. From Salt Sulphur Springs in MonroeCounty, he rode along the Tygart and Buck-hannon Rivers, capturing Union scouts inHuttonsville and taking 5,000 weapons inBuckhannon on August 30. As Jenkins andhis men rode west on the Staunton and Park-ersburg Turnpike, he occupied Weston anddestroyed the telegraph line there. He droveoff two companies of Federals at Glenvilleand then captured the Union garrison (5 com-panies of the 11th West Virginia Infantry)under Col. John C. Rathbone at Spencer onSeptember 2. Next, he took Ripley in JacksonCounty and seized $5,550 from the U.S. pay-master. At Ravenswood on September 4, theFederals retreated across the Ohio River.That evening, Jenkins forded the river andraised the Confederate flag in Ohio. He cap-tured Racine, recrossed the river, and passedthrough Point Pleasant. Jenkins then contin-ued through Barboursville, Logan CourtHouse, Pineville in Wyoming County, andBeckley in Raleigh County. On September 12,Jenkins ended the raid at Red House on theKanawha River. Jenkins’s Raid, like mostcavalry expeditions, temporarily disruptedthe Union communication and supply systembut had no long-term consequences, althoughplanting the Confederate flag in Ohio pro-vided a brief lift to Confederate morale.
MOUNTAIN MANEUVERING
West Virginia’s rugged terrain madecampaigning extremely difficult
despite numerous gravel turnpikes. Majorwestern turnpikes included the Stauntonand Parkersburg, Beverly and Fairmont,James River and Kanawha, Valley, andNorth Western. In northern West Virginia,the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and theNorthwestern Virginia Railroad linkedWheeling and Parkersburg on the OhioRiver with Grafton, Martinsburg, Balti-more, and the Chesapeake Bay. These railroads were the most strategicallyimportant lines of communication andtransportation in the state.
The turnpikes were serviceable in dryweather, but heavy rain and snow oftenrendered them impassible. Gen. John D.Imboden reported that two weeks’ hardrain had made the roads “horribly bad”: to lighten his artillery enough to get itthrough the mud, he “had to destroy thespare wheels … and throw away fifty solid shot from each caisson.” Road main-tenance, infrequent in peacetime, was minimal during the war. Most large-scalemilitary campaigns, therefore, took place farther east in Virginia.
Both sides sought to control or disrupt the railroads. Besides Confederatecavalry raids, there were numerous Fed-eral raids, including the one that Gens.William W. Averell and Alfred N.A. Duffiéled in November 1863. Most of the raidssucceeded only briefly, as the lines werequickly repaired or rebuilt.
The following further explore and expand upon the story of the Civil War:
Jefferson County CVB866-HELLO-WVwww.hello-wv.com
Martinsburg-Berkeley Co. CVB800-498-2386www.travelwv.com
MID-OHIO VALLEY
City of Spencer304-927-1640www.cityofspencer.com
Greater Parkersburg CVB800-752-4982www.greaterparkersburg.com
West Virginia Division of Tourism90 MacCorkle Ave. SWSouth Charleston, WV 25303www.wvtourism.com
West Virginia Division of Culture and History304-558-4839www.wvculture.org
Preservation Alliance of West Virginia304-345-6005www.pawv.org
Civil War Trust202-367-1861www.civilwar.org
MOUNTAINER COUNTRY
Greater Bridgeport CVB800-368-4324www.greater-bridgeport.com
Greater Clarksburg CVB304-622-2157www.cityofclarksburgwv.com
CVB of Marion County800-834-7365www.marioncvb.com
Greater Morgantown CVB800-458-7373www.tourmorgantown.com
PhilippiBlue and Gray Reunion304-457-3700www.philippi.org
Preston Co. Visitor Center800-571-0912www.tourpreston.com
NEW RIVER-GREENBRIER VALLEY
Greenbrier County CVB800-833-2068www.greenbrierwv.com
Jackson County Tourism304-372-1152www.jacksoncountywvevents.com
Ritchie Co. Tourism & VisitorsBureau304-869-4070www.visitritchiecounty.com
POTOMAC HIGHLANDS
Droop Mountain Battlefield SP304-653-4254www.droopmountainbattlefield.com
Grant County CVB866-597-9266www.grantcountywva.com
Hampshire County CVB304-822-7477www.cometohampshire.com
Hardy County CVB304-897-8700www.visithardy.com
Pendleton County CVB304-358-3884www.visitpendleton.com
Pocahontas County CVB800-336-7009www.pocahontascountywv.com
Northwestern Virginia (includ-ing present-day West Virginia)was the first part of the stateto experience guerrilla con-
flict. There, John H. McNeill was theprecursor of John S. Mosby in northernVirginia. Guerrillas resisted “invading”forces from the opposite side and carriedout often-personal vendettas againstcivilians who supported the other side.In the spring of 1861, the Unionists, whogenerally dominated the area, formedguerrilla bands to intimidate their pro-Confederate neighbors, who formedtheir own bands to retaliate. Such rivalgroups included the Confederate Moccasin Rangers and the UnionistSnake Hunters.
Confederate guerrillas alsoattacked the occupying regular Uniontroops who sought to protect Unionistcivilians and control the strategicallyimportant turnpikes and the Baltimoreand Ohio Railroad. The Federals fre-quently resorted to extreme measures to subdue the Confederate guerrillas,whom they considered little more thanoutlaws. Unionist volunteers actingunder official orders targeted Confeder-ate guerrillas, capturing or killing themwherever they found them. The Confed-erate guerrillas, likewise, struck anytarget of opportunity from Unionistcivilians to local government officials.
Officially, both the United Statesand the Confederate States denouncedsuch “irregular” warfare, but each sidesupported its own guerrillas while con-demning those of the other side. The“war within the war” was so vicious anduncontrollable, despite attempts to reg-ulate it with “partisan ranger” legisla-tion, that hatreds and low-level violencecontinued in some areas for decadesafter the war ended.
Randolph County CVB800-422-3304www.randolphcountywv.com
Rich Mountain Battlefield Foundation304-637-7424www.richmountain.org
Tucker County Visitor Information800-782-2775www.canaanvalley.org
MOUNTAIN LAKES
Buckhannon-Upshur Co. CVB304-472-4100 ext.37www.buckhannoncvb.org
Braxton County CVB304-765-6533www.braxtonwv.org
Carnifex Ferry Battlefield SP304-872-0825www.carnifexferrybattlefield-statepark.com
Gilmer Co. Tourism304-462-8098www.gceda.org
Lewis County CVB800-296-7329www.stonewallcountry.com
Summersville CVB304-872-3722www.summersvillecvb.com
WVU Jackson’s Mill800-287-8206www.jacksonsmill.ext.wvu.edu
NORTHERN PANHANDLE
West Virginia Independence Hall304-238-1300www.wvculture.org
Wheeling National Heritage Area304-232-3087www.wheelingheritage.org
Wheeling/Ohio Co. CVB800-828-3097www.wheelingcvb.com
John Brown’s FortCourtesy West Virginia Dept. of Commerce
W E S T V I R G I N I A
Historic Fayetteville CVB888-574-1500www.visitfayettevillewv.com
Monroe County Tourism866-677-3003 ext.11www.travelmonroe.com
New River Gorge CVB800-927-0263www.newrivergorgecvb.com
Princeton-Mercer Co. C of C.304-487-1502www.pmccc.com
METRO VALLEY
Cabell-Huntington CVB800-635-6329www.wvvisit.org
Charleston CVB800-733-5469www.charlestonwv.com
EASTERN PANHANDLE
Bath-Romney Campaign Historicaland Preservation Associationwww.bathromneycampaign.webs.com
Falling Waters Battlefield Associationwww.battleoffallingwaters.com
39
Philippi
Elkins
Monterey
Huntersville
Elkwater(Fort Marrow)
Rich MountainBattlefield
Battle ofLaurel Hill
Parsons(Corricks Ford)
Beverly
Cheat SummitFort
CampAllegheny
Buckhannon
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250
250
250
3333
219
219
Huttonsville
First Campaign
The longstanding political, social, andeconomic differences between west-
ern and eastern Virginia reached a crisisin April 1861, when Virginia seceded andcreated a pro-Confederate state govern-ment in Richmond. Union supportersgenerally dominated western Virginia,where there were fewer slaves, espe-cially in the northwestern counties. OnJune 11, delegates from 26 western coun-ties convened in Wheeling, reorganized,and restored the loyal government ofVirginia under Gov. Francis H. Pierpont.A later session authorized a referendumto dismember Virginia and create a newstate, Kanawha (later named West Vir-ginia). However, not all of the residentswithin the new state’s boundaries concurred; secessionists dominated theeastern and southern portions. In themonths after November 1861, a conven-tion drafted a state constitution. Votersin the western counties ratified it onApril 3, 1862. The new legislature, whichconvened on May 13, requested thestate’s admission to the Union. The U.S.Congress passed a bill—soon amendedto address the slavery issue—that Presi-dent Abraham Lincoln signed on Decem-ber 31, 1862, and on March 26, 1863, thevoters approved a state constitutionalprovision to deal with slavery. West Vir-ginia became the 35th state on June 20under Gov. Arthur I. Boreman. Two 45thU.S. Colored Troops companies werecredited to the new state.
WASHINGTON,D.C.
BALTIMORE,MD
RICHMOND, VA
RALEIGH, NCNASHVILLE, TN
CHARLESTON, WV
WEST VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION
1.800.225.5982www.wvtourism.com
� � �
VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION
1-888-CIVILWARwww.virginia.org
� � �
MARYLAND TRAILS INFORMATION
1-888-CIVILWRwww.visitmaryland.org
� � �
NORTH CAROLINA TRAILS INFORMATION
1-800-VISIT NCwww.visitnc.com
� � �
TENNESSEE TRAILS INFORMATION
1-615-532-7520www.tnvacation.com
© 2011Virginia Civil War Trails, Inc.
Brochure Design by Com
munication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA
Follow this sign to discovermore than 1,000 Civil Warsites along ten breathtakingtrails. Hundreds of sites are accessible to the publicfor the first time.
www.CivilWarTrails.org
Follow these signs to more than 1,000 Civil War sites.
How to Use this Map-Guide
This map-guide identifies more than 150Civil War sites throughout West Virginia.Each site is interpreted and accessible andencourages you to explore diverse settingswhere America’s destiny was forged. WestVirginia Civil War Trails sites can beexplored at your own pace, and many offerother historical and recreational opportuni-ties. Enjoy one of the numerous walkingtours available in many communities. Shopat one of hundreds of antique and specialtyshops, dine at a historically-themed tavern,or simply walk amid the serenity of a pre-served battlefield. Near every West Virginia Civil War Trails site,you’ll find other activities that make visitingWest Virginia so popular:whitewater rafting, mountain biking, and curvy, country roads where the stories you’ve discovered will ignite your imagination.
The West Virginia Civil War Trails program is part of a five-statetrails network that invites you to explore both well-known and less-familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama. Together,more than 1,000 places tell the epic and heartfelt stories of civiliansand soldiers who experienced triumph and tragedy during the war.
For more detailed travel information, contact any of the organi-zations listed in this guide or visit any West Virginia Welcome Centeror local Visitor Center. For additional Civil War Trails information,visit www.civilwartrails.org.
JONES-IMBODEN RAID
On April 20, 1863, Confederate Gens.William E. “Grumble” Jones and John D.
Imboden began a cavalry raid on the Balti-more and Ohio Railroad from Virginiathrough present-day north-central West Vir-ginia. They planned to disrupt rail transporta-tion, cut telegraph lines, weaken Federal con-trol, and seize provisions and supplies. Thegenerals took separate routes. Imboden led3,365 men from Staunton through Beverly and Buckhannon. Jones rode with 2,100 menthrough Petersburg and Moorefield, fought an engagement at Greenland Gap in HardyCounty, and was repulsed at the Rowlesburgrail viaduct. He occupied Morgantown andseized Federal supplies and horses on April28. The next day, Jones fought his largestengagement at Fairmont. Despite the effortsof 500 Union regulars and home guardsdefending the town, he destroyed a railroadbridge and burned the library of Francis H.Pierpont, governor of the Restored Govern-ment of Virginia. Jones reunited temporarilywith Imboden at Buckhannon and skirmishedto Weston. Jones destroyed the oil wells andequipment at Burning Springs, and bothforces maneuvered southeast, returning toVirginia’s Shenandoah Valley by May 26. Thegenerals claimed that they marched 1,100miles, fought numerous engagements, cap-tured 700 Federals, seized about 1,200 horsesand 4,000 cattle, and burned 4 turnpikebridges, more than 20 railroad bridges, 2trains, and 150,000 barrels of oil. Most bridgeswere soon repaired, but the raid prolongedthe struggle in the new state.
September 3 Federals repulse Confederates at Gauley Bridge
September 10–15 Battle of Cheat Mountain
May 8–June 9 Stonewall Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign
September 10 Battle of Carnifex Ferry
December 13 Federal attack on Camp Allegheny fails
Gen. William E. JonesCourtesy West Virginia State Archives
Gen. John ImbodenCourtesy Library of Congress
Gen. Albert G. JenkinsCourtesy Library of Congress
February 25 W.Va. legislature enacts “voters’ test oath” to disfranchise men who had borne arms againstthe U.S., Reorganized Government of Va., and state of W.Va.
January 30 W.Va. accepts provisions of Morrill Land GrantAct (1862) to establish agricultural college
February 3 W.Va. legislature abolishes slavery in state and ratifies 13th Amendment(2nd state to do so)
August – November Sheridan’s 1864 Valley Campaign
March 1 W.Va. legislature proposes constitutional amendment to disfranchisemen who voluntarily aided rebellion against the U.S. after June 1, 1861
August 7 Battle of Moorefield
HARPERS FERRY
Few places played such an im -portant role in the Civil War asHarpers Ferry. This was wheresome of the first shots of the
conflict were fired, when abolitionistJohn Brown led his “army” of would-beslave liberators there on October 16,1859. After shedding the first blood andseizing the U.S. Armory, Brown and hisfollowers were overwhelmed two dayslater, when a detachment of marinesstormed the engine house. Col. RobertE. Lee with his aide Lt. J.E.B. Stuartcommanded the force. Brown wascaptured, tried, convicted of treasonagainst Virginia, and hanged at nearbyCharles Town on December 2, 1859.
When the war came, both Unionand Confederate forces coveted thisstrategic location at the gateway to theShenandoah Valley. The Federals usedthe town and its connection to the Bal-timore and Ohio Railroad as a supplybase, launching repeated incursionsfrom here into the heart of Virginia.The Confederates marched through thearea when they invaded the North andoccupied Harpers Ferry during the1862 Maryland (Antietam) Campaign,the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, andGen. Jubal A. Early’s 1864 raid onWashington. Nearby Shepherdstownand Martinsburg also played key rolesin the conflict, as hospital and trans-portation centers respectively.
This brochure was funded in part by Transportation Enhancement Funds provided by the Federal Highways Administration.
Independence Hall, WheelingCourtesy West Virginia State Archives
ROAD TO STATEHOOD
Confederate raiders, Century Magazine, ca. 1880. Courtesy West Virginia State Archives
B&O Route Map, 1860 Courtesy B&O Railroad Museum
July 8–10 Battle of Laurel Hill
July 13 Robert S. Garnett first general killed
September 19 3rd Winchester
September 22 Fishers Hill
October 19 Cedar Creek
“Jackson Commandeers the Railroad, Martinsburg,”June 1861 – Courtesy Mort Künstler
Hampshire County gunsmith Jacob Sheetz converted flintlock rifles to percussion for military use during the Civil War.Courtesy Royce Saville and the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission
View of Parkersburg from Fort Boreman Courtesy Marty Seufer, Greater Parkersburg CVB
WVA State Brochure cover side_WVA State Brochure cover-side 4/22/11 10:50 AM Page 1
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Sutton(Multiple Sites)
Summersville(Nancy Hart)
Lewisburg
ElkinsGlenville
Arnoldsburg
Weston(Multiple Sites)
Jackson’s Mill
Fairmont(See Inset)
Morgantown(Westover Bridge)
Martinsburg(See Inset)
Hagerstown(Multiple Sites)Williamsport
Hancock
Cumberland(Multiple Sites)
Battle ofFolck’s Mill
Oakland
Barboursville
Jenkins PlantationMuseum
Bridgeport
Harrisville
Cisco
Philippi(Multiple Sites)
Buckhannon(Multiple Sites)
FayettevilleCourthouse
(Multiple Sites)
Ansted(See Inset)
GauleyBridge
Spencer
Rich Mountain
Clarksburg(See Inset)
OrganCave
Alderson(Alderson’s Ferry)
ConfederateMonument
Romney(Multiple Sites)
Engagementat Romney
Moorefield(See Inset)
Battle ofMoorefield
WeltonPark
Frémont’sCamp
Petersburg(See Inset)
Woodlawn
New Market
Rude’sHill
Edinburg
WoodstockMathias
Homestead
Ripley (Courthouse)
Cedar LakesConference Center(Casto Hole)
Ravenswood
Shepherdstown(Multiple Sites)
HarpersFerry
Keyes Switch
Greenback RaidDuffields Depot
Cameron’sDepot
Kabletown
Princeton(McNutt House)
HangingRock
Union(See Inset)
Wheeling(See Inset)
Huttonsville
Elkwater(Fort Marrow)
Flatwoods
CheatSummit
Fort
The Great Raid
CampAllegheny
CampBartow
Monterey
McDowell
Huntersville
CampNorthwest
Droop MountainBattlefield State Park Hillsboro
(Union Camp)
Burning Springs
Parkersburg (See Inset)
Johnson’sCrossing
Henderson Hall
Oceana(McDonald Plantation)
Thompson andMartilia Walker
Burnsville Bulltown Historic Area
Rowlesburg(Multiple Sites)
Scherr(GreenlandGap Engagement)
Charleston (See Inset)
Kesslers Cross Lanes
Carnifex FerryBattlefield S.P.
Moler’s Crossroads
Boonsboro
Battles ofFalling Waters(Multiple Sites)
Boteler’sFord
Middletown
Antietam N.B.
Williamstown
Elizabeth
Huntington(Battle of
Guyandotte)
Battle of Cool Springs
StephensonDepot
Jordan’sSprings
Charles Town(See Inset)
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BloomeryGap
Ungers Store
Wardensville
George WashingtonNational Forest
George WashingtonNational Forest
JeffersonNational Forest
MonongahelaNational Forest
259MillIsland
Fort MillRidge
CaptainStump
Camp Washington andWire Bridge Engagement
Engagementat Johnson Run
Franklin(McCoy House)
LastUnionRaid
Kingwood
Malden
Past isPresent
CoveredBridge
Parsons(Corricks Ford)
Belington
Beverly(Multiple Sites)
Rock Cave
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Marlinton39
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GreenbrierResort
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CampHopkins
BerkeleySprings(Multiple Sites)
Sir Johns RunFortFrederickS.P.
Battle of Great Cacapon
HammondHouse
Stumpy’sHollow
Littlepage
Battle of Laurel Hill
Anna Jarvis House
Grafton(National Cemetery)
Winchester(Multiple Sites)
Leesburg(Multiple Sites)
Lexington(Multiple Sites)
Bluefield
Beckley
Roanoke
Blues Gap
Jacob SheetzShop
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Union,WesternVirginia
Gen. John Echols House
Union College
Gen. Crook’sOccupation of Union
ChapmanHouse
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Lightburn’sRetreat
Military Occupation and Presidential Presence
Battle ofCharleston
KanawhaRiflemen
Statehood
StateCapitol
To Arms
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Martinsburg(See Inset)
Shepherdstown(Multiple Sites)
HarpersFerry
Keyes Switch
Greenback Raid
Duffields Depot
Cameron’sDepot
Kabletown
Moler’s Crossroads
Battles ofFalling Waters(Multiple Sites)
Boteler’sFord
Antietam N.B.
Charles Town(See Inset)
Ungers Store
CampHopkins
Berkeley Springs(Multiple Sites)
Sir Johns Run
Battle ofGreat Cacapon
HammondHouse
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Stumpy’sHollow
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BURKE ST.
KING ST.
JOHN ST.
MARTIN ST.
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Belle BoydHouse
Berkeley Hotel
Martinsburg
MartinsburgRoundhouse
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16TH ST.
10TH ST.
MARKET ST.
The Athenaeum
Independence Hall
Wheeling Hospital
Slave Auction Block
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Custom House interior,Wheeling Convention,Harper’s Weekly, July 6, 1861
AVIS ST.
ACADEMY ST.
LIBERTY AVE.
GEORGE ST.
SAMUEL ST.
MILDRED ST.
CHURCH ST.
SEMINARY ST.
CHARLES ST.
CONGRESS ST.
WASHINGTON ST.
ZionCemetery
Jefferson CountyMuseum
John BrownHanging Site
RutherfordHouse
JeffersonCounty
Courthouse
Edge HillCemetery
9
51
51
9
WHEELING
LI T
T L E K A N A W H A R I V E R
ANN ST.
5TH ST.
4TH ST.
3RD ST.
2ND ST.
1ST ST.
VitalTransportation
Center
Fort Boreman
CreatingWest Virginia
50
50
O H I OR I V E R
PARKERSBURG
W PIKE ST.
W MAIN ST.
S 2N
D ST
.UnionMeetings
StonewallJackson
Birthplace
NorthwestAcademy
RailroadDepot
ClarksburgDefenses
LowndesHill Park
50
20
CLARKSBURG
MAPLE AVE.
PENN
SYLVANIA AVE.
E PARK AVE.
WASHINGTON ST.
PierpontGraves
PierpontHouse
FlemingHouse
Battle forthe Bridge
Attack onFairmont
19
19
250
250Beverly &FairmontTurnpike
WoodlawnCemetery
JEFFERSON ST.
OGDEN AVE.
CLEVELAND AVE.
MADISON ST.
FAIRMONT
Civil War Trails Site
Other Civil War Site
Information or Welcome Center
Mileage Scale
10 15 20
Maple HillCemetery
Engagement atJohnson Run
Fort Mulligan
Looney’sCreek
220
220
PETERSBURG
Battle ofMoorefield
McMechenHouse
MillIsland
CemeteryHill
MoorefieldPresbyterian
Church
220
55
MOOREFIELD
“Why should we risk a new government in the southwhen we are already governed by the best constitutionever and God given freedoms which might disappearunder a new government after secession?”— Arthur I. Boreman, later first governor of West Virginia, February 1861
Julia PierpontCourtesy West Virginia
University
Martinsburg roundhousecomplex, ca. 1850sCourtesy Library of Congress
Broadside (with original typographic error) advertisingthe Unionist meeting of November 24, 1860Courtesy West Virginia University Archives
MARTINSBURG
CHARLES TOWN
“It may be said with truth that no spot in the United States experienced more of the horrors of war.”— Joseph Barry, Harpers Ferry resident
View of Parkersburg from Mount Logan (site of Fort Boreman), 1861Courtesy West Virginia University Library
Gen. Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson
Courtesy Library of Congress
This large bronze bell, now at the OglebayInstitute Mansion Museum in Wheeling,called people to the slave auction. Cast inTroy, New York, in 1854, it stands four feethigh and has a three-foot-diameter base. Courtesy Oglebay Institute
Nancy Hart, Confederate SpyCourtesy West Virginia Division
of Culture and History
Cannons openedfire on Philippi tostart the first landbattle of the war.Courtesy Library of Congress
“Following Stonewall” by W.L. Sheppard
Courtesy Museum of the ConfederacyMAIN ST.
Contentment
WestlakeCemetery
TyreeTavern
60 60
ANSTED
Brooks Salt WorksCourtesy West Virginia &Regional History Collection
CHARLESTON
“We have been torn from Virginia by wicked force, but we are Virginians still.”— Mary ElizabethMcMechen, Hardy Co., 1866
UNION
Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans’sbrigade attacking at Rich MountainCourtesy Becker Collection, Boston, Mass.Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans
Courtesy Library of Congress
Maj. Martin R. Delany, Charles Town native and highest-ranking black U.S. Army officer Courtesy Smithsonian Institution
“Burning of McDonald House”by Geraldine Walters Courtesy Billy Hinkle
CivilWar–era saltpetermininghopper,OrganCave
CourtesyOrganCave, Inc.
Frémont’s army marching through the woods Courtesy Library of Congress
Francis H. PierpontCourtesy West Virginia
State Archives
WVA State Brochure map-side2_WVA State Brochure map-side 4/22/11 10:37 AM Page 1
