Ncert Book - Kritika Part i - Class Ix

8/14/2019 Ncert Book - Kritika Part i - Class Ix

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fo"k;&lwph fo"k;&lwph fo"k;&lwph fo"k;&lwph fo"k;&lwph

vkeq[k iii

Hkwfedk vii

1- bl ty iz y; es a iQ.kh'ojukFk js .kq 1

2- es js lax dh vkS jrsa e nqyk xxZ 13

3- jh<+ dh g a h txnh'k pa æ ekFkq j 27

4- ekVh okyh fo|klkxj ukSfV;ky 42

5- fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa gnh es a vk; k 'ke'ks j cgknq j ¯lg 49

http://book_publishing/Class%209/Kritika/ch-1.pdf

































1- 'kj.k] vkM+ 2- og ”kehu tks tksrh&cks bZ u tkrh gks 3- Hk;adjrk

bl ty iz y; es abl ty izy; es abl ty iz y; es abl ty izy; es abl ty iz y; es a

esjk xk¡ o ,s ls bykos Q es a gS tgk¡ gj lky if'pe] iw jc vkS j nf{k.k dh

dks lh] iukj] egkua nk vkS j xaxk dh ck<+ ls ihfM+r iz kf.k;ks a os Q lew g vkdj iukg 1 ys rs gS a ] lkou&Hkknks s es a Vs ª u dh f[kM+fd;ks a ls fo'kky vkS j likV ijrh 2 ij xk;] cS y] HkS a l] cdjks a os Q g”kkjks s a >qa M&eqa M ns [kdj gh yks x ck<+ dh foHkhf"kdk 3 dk vank”kk yxkrs gS a A

ijrh {ks =k esa tUe ys us os Q dkj.k vius xk¡ o os Q vfèkdka'k yksxksa dh rjg eS a Hkh rS juk ugha tkurkA ¯drq nl o"kZ dh mez ls fiNys lky rdμCokW; LdkmV]

Lo;alsod] jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fjyhI + kQooZ Qj dh gSfl;r ls ck<+&ihfM+r {ks =kks a es a dke djrk jgk g¡w vkS j fy[kus dh ckr\ gkbZ Low Qy esa ck<+ ij ys [k

fy[kdj izFke iq jLdkj ikus ls ysdjμèkeZ ;q x eas ^dFkk&n'kd* os Q varxZ r ck<+ dh iq jkuh dgkuh dks u, ikB os Q lkFk izLrqr dj pqdk g¡wA t; xa xk (1947)] Mk;u

dks lh (1948)] gf a ;ks a dk iq y (1948) vkfn NqViq V fjiksrkZ t os Q vykok

1

•

iQ.kh'ojukFk js.kq

•



2 Ñfrdk

es js dbZ miU;klks a esa ck<+ dh fouk'k&yhykvks a os Q vus d fp=k va fdr gq , gS aA ¯drq] xk¡o es a

jgrs gq , ck<+ ls f?kjus] cgus] Hka lus vkSj Hkksxus dk vuq Hko

dHkh ugha gqvkA og rks iVuk 'kgj es a lu~ 1967 esa gh gq vk] tc v _ kjg ?kaVs dh vfojke o` f"V os Q dkj.k iq uiqu dk ikuh jkts a nz uxj] oa QdM+ckx rFkk vU; fupys fgLlks a es a ?kq l vk;k FkkA

vFkkZ r ck<+ dks EkS aus Hkks xk gS] 'kgjh vkneh dh gS fl;r lsA blhfy, bl ckj tc ck<+ dk ikuh iz os 'k djus yxk] iVuk dk if'peh bykdk NkrhHkj ikuh esa Mwc x;k rks ge ?kj esa b± èku] vkyw] eksecÙkh] fn;klykbZ ] flxjs V] ihus dk ikuh vkS j dkaiks”k dh xks fy;k¡ tekdj cS B x, vkSj izrh{kk djus yxsA

lqcg lquk] jktHkou vkSj eq [;ea=kh&fuokl Iykfor 1 gks x;k gSA nksigj es a lw puk feyh] xks y?kj ty ls f?kj x;k gS! (;ksa ] lw puk ck¡Xyk es a bl okD; ls feyh Fkhμ^tkuks! xks y?kj Mw cs xs Ns!*) vkSj ik¡p cts tc dkWI + kQh gkml tkus osQ fy, (rFkk 'kgj dk gky ekyw e djus) fudyk rks fjD'ksokys us g¡ldj dgkμ¶vc dgk¡ tkb,xk\ dkW I + kQh gkml esa rks ^vcys* ikuh vk x;k gks xkA¸

¶pyks] ikuh oSQls ?kql x;k gS] ogh ns[kuk gSA¸ dgdj ge fjD'kk ij cSB x,A lkFk esa u;h dfork osQ ,d fo'ks"kK&O;k[;krk&vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k Fks] tks

esjh vuojr

2

&vuxZy

3

&vux<+

4

x|e; LoxrksfDr

5

ls dHkh cksj ugha gksrs(èkU; gSa!)A

1- ftl ij ck<+ dk ikuh p<+ vk;k gks] tks ty esa Mw c x;k gks 2- fuja rj] yxkrkj 3- csrqdh] fopkjghu] euekuh 4- csMkS y] Vs <+ k&es<+k 5- vius vki esa oq QN cksyuk

•



bl ty izy; esa 3

eksVj] LowQVj] VªSDVj] eksVjlkbfdy] Vªd] VeVe] lkbfdy] fjD'kk ij vkSj iSny yksx ikuh ns[kus tk jgs gSa] yksx ikuh ns[kdj ykSV jgs gSaA ns[kus okyksa dh vk¡[kksa esa] ”kqcku ij ,d gh ftKklkμ¶ikuh dgk¡ rd vk x;k gS\¸ ns[kdj ykSVrs gq, yksxksa dh ckrphrμ¶izsQtj jksM ij vk x;k! vk Xk;k D;k] ikj dj x;kA Jho`Q".kkiqjh] ikVfyiq=k dkyksuh] cksfjax jksM\ baMfLVª;y ,fj;k dk dgha

irk ugha---vc Hk ^ kpkthZ jksM ij ikuh vk x;k gksxkA---NkrhHkj ikuh gSA ohesal dkWyst osQ ikl ^Mqcko&ikuh* gSA---vk jgk gS!---vk x;k!!---?kql x;k---Mwc x;k---Mwc x;k---cg x;k!¸

ge tc dkWI + kQh gkml osQ ikl igq ¡ps] dkWI + kQh gkml can dj fn;k x;k FkkA lM+ d osQ ,d fdukjs ,d eksVh Mks jh dh 'kDy es a xs#vk&>kx&isQu es a my>k ikuh rs”kh ls ljdrk vk jgk FkkA eS aus dgkμ¶vkpk;Z th] vkxs tkus dh ”k:jr ugha A oks ns f[k,μvk jgk gS---eR;q dk rjy nw r!¸

vkrad os Q ekjs esjs nksuksa gkFk cjcl tq M+ x, vkS j lHk; iz .kke&fuosnu es a es js eq¡ g ls oqQN vLiqQV 1 'kCn fudys (gk¡ ] eS a cgq r dk;j vkS j Mjiks d gw ¡!)A

fjD'kkokyk cgknqj gS dgrk gSμ^pfy, u] FkksM+ k vkS j vkxs!*HkhM+ dk ,d vkneh cks ykμ¶, fjD'kk] djsa V cgq r rs”k gSA vkxs er tkvksA¸

eS aus fjD'kkokys ls vuq u; Hkjs Loj es a dgkμ¶ykSVk ys HkS;kA vkxs c<+ us dh ”k:jr ugha A¸

fjD'kk eksM+dj ge ^vIljk* flusek gkWy (flusek&'kks can!) osQ cxy ls xkaèkh eSnku dh vksj pysA iSysl gksVy vkSj bafM;u ,;jykbal nÝ + rj osQ lkeus ikuh Hkj jgk FkkA ikuh dh rs”k èkkjk ij yky&gjs fu;u* foKkiuksa dh ijNkb;k¡ lSdM+ksa jaxhu lk¡iksa dh l`f"V dj jgh FkhaA xkaèkh eSnku dh js¯yx osQ lgkjs g”kkjksa yksx [kM+s ns[k jgs FksA n'kgjk osQ fnu jkeyhyk osQ ^jke* osQ jFk dh izrh{kk

esa ftrus yksx jgrs gSa] mlls de ugha Fks---xkaèkh eSnku osQ vkuan&mRlo] lHkk&lEesyu vkSj [ksyowQn dh lkjh Le`fr;ksa ij èkhjs&èkhjs ,d xSfjd 2 vkoj.k

1- vLi"V 2- xs#, jax dk •



4 Ñfrdk

vkPNkfnr 1 gks jgk FkkA gfj;kyh ij 'kuS%&'kuS% ikuh fiQjrs ns[kus dk vuqHko loZFkk u;k FkkA blh chp ,d vèksM+] eqLVaM vkSj x¡okj ”kksj&”kksj ls cksy mBkμ¶bZg! tc nkukiqj Mwc jgk Fkk rks iVfu;k¡ ckcw yksx myVdj ns[kus Hkh ugha x,---vc cw>ks!¸

eS aus vius vkpk;Z&dfo fe=k ls dgkμ¶igpku yhft,A ;gh gS og ^vke

vkneh*] ftldh [kkst gj lkfgfR;d xks f"B;ksa es a gks rh jgrh gSA mlos Q oDrO; esa ^nkukiq j* osQ cnys ^mÙkj fcgkj* vFkok dksbZ Hkh ck<+ xz Lr xzkeh.k {ks =k tks M+ nhft,---¸

'kke os Q lk<s+ lkr ct pqosQ vkS j vkdk'kok.kh osQ iVuk&os aQnz ls LFkkuh; lekpkj iz lkfjr gks jgk FkkA iku dh nqdkuksa os Q lkeus [kM+ s yks x] pq ipki] mRd.kZ 2

gks dj lq u jgs Fks---¶---ikuh gekjs LVw fM;ks dh lhf<+ ;ksa rd igq ¡p pq dk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh {k.k

LVwfM;ks es a izos'k dj ldrk gSA¸

lekpkj fny ngykus okyk FkkA dys tk èkM+ d mBkA fe=k os Q ps gjs ij Hkh vkra d dh dbZ js[kk,¡ mHkjha A ¯drq ge rq jar gh lgt gks x,_ ;kuh psgjs ij ps"Vk djosQ lgtrk ys vk,] D;ks a fd gekjs pkjksa vksj dgha dks bZ ijs 'kku u”kj ugha vk jgk FkkA ikuh ns [kdj ykS Vrs gq , yks x vke fnuksa dh rjg g¡ l&cks y jgs Fks_ cfYd vkt rfud vfèkd gh mRlkfgr FksA gk¡] nqdkuksa es a Fkks M+ h gM+cM+h FkhA uhps osQ

lkeku mQij fd, tk jgs FksA fjD'kk] VeVe] Vª d vkS j Vs Eiks ij lkeku ykns tk jgs FksA [kjhn&fcØh ca n gks pq dh FkhA ikuokyksa dh fcØh vpkud c<+ xbZ FkhAvklUu 3 la dV ls dks bZ iz k.kh vkrafdr ugha fn[k jgk FkkA

---ikuokys osQ vknedn vkbZ us esa mrus yksxksa osQ chp gekjh gh lw jrs a

êq gjZeh* u”kj vk jgh Fkha A eq >s yxk] vc ge ;gk¡ Fkks M+h nsj Hkh Bgjsa xs rks ogk¡ [kM+s yks x fdlh Hkh {k.k BBkdj ge ij g¡ l ldrs Fksμ¶”kjk bu cq ”kfnyksa dk

1- <dk gq vk 2- lquus dks mRlq d 3- ikl vk;k gq vk •



bl ty izy; esa 5

gq fy;k ns[kks!¸ D;ksa fd ogk¡ ,s lh gh ckrs a pkjks a vks j ls mNkyh tk jgh Fkhaμ¶,d ckj Mw c gh tk,!---èkuq"dks fV 1 dh rjg iVuk ykirk u gks tk, dgha !---lc iki èkqy tk,xk---pyks] xks y?kj os Q eq ¡Ms ij rk'k dh x a h ysdj cSB tk,¡---fcLdks eku

fcfYa Mx dh Nr ij D;ks a ugha \---HkbZ] ;gh ekow Qy ekSdk gSA bude VSDlokyks a dks ,su blh ekS osQ ij dkys dkjckfj;ks a osQ ?kj ij Nkik ekjuk pkfg,A vklkeh

ck&eky---¸ jktsa nzuxj pkS jkgs ij êS x”khu dkWuZ j* dh vkf[kjh lhf<+;ks a ij i=k&if=kdk,¡

iw oZ or~ fcNh gqbZ Fkha A lks pk] ,d lIrkg dh [kq jkd ,d gh lkFk ys yw ¡A D;k&D;k ys yw ¡ \---gs Myh ps ”k] ;k ,d gh lIrkg es a iz sa Qp @ teZu fl[kk nsus okyh fdrkcsa vFkok ^;ks x* fl[kkus okyh dksbZ lfp=k fdrkc\ eq >s bl rjg fdrkcks a dks

myVrs&iyVrs ns [kdj nq dku dk ukS toku ekfyd oQ".kk irk ugha D;ks a eq ldjkus yxkA fdrkcks a dks NksM+ dbZ ¯gnh&ck¡Xyk vkS j va xzs ”kh flus if=kdk,¡ ysdj ykS VkA fe=k ls fonk gksrs gq , dgkμ¶irk ugha] dy ge fdrus ikuh es a jgsa A---cgjgky]

tks de ikuh es a jgs xkA og ”;knk ikuh es a i¡ Qls fe=k dh lq fèk ys xkA¸ Ý + ySV es a igq¡ pk gh Fkk fd ^tula ioZQ* dh xkM+ h Hkh ykmMLihdj ls ?kks"k.kk djrh gq, jkts anz uxj igq ¡p pq dh FkhA gekjs xks yacj* os Q ikl dks bZ Hkh vkok”k] pkjks a cM+s CykW dks a dh bekjrks a ls Vdjkdj e¡Mjkrh gq bZ ] pkj ckj iz frèofur gks rh gSA flus ek vFkok ykW Vjh dh iz pkjxkM+ h ;gk¡ igq ¡ prs ghμ^Hkkb;ks* iqdkjdj ,d {k.k osQ fy, pqi gks tkrh gSA iq dkj e¡Mjkrh gq bZ izfrèofur gksrh gSμHkkb;ks---Hkkb;ks---Hkkb;ks---! ,d vyeLr toku fjD'kkpkyd gS tks vdlj jkr os Q lUukVs

es a lokjh igq ¡ pkdj ykS Vrs le; bl xks ya cj os Q ikl vyki mBrk gSμ^lq u es js ca èkq js&,&u---lq u eks js ferok&ok&ok&;---*

xks ya cj os Q ikl tula ioZ Q dh xkM+ h ls ,s yku fd;k tkus yxkμ¶Hkkb;ks! ,s lh laHkkouk gS---fd ck<+ dk ikuh---jkf=k osQ djhc ckjg cts rd---yksgkuhiqj]

1- ,d LFkku dk uke •



6 Ñfrdk

oa QdM+ ckx---vkS j jkts a nz uxj es a---?kql tk,A vr% vki yks x lkoèkku gks tk,¡ A¸(iz frèofuμlkoèkku gks tk,¡ ! lkoèkku gks tk,¡ !!)

eS a us x` gLokfeuh ls iw Nkμ¶xS l dk D;k gky gS\¸¶cl] mlh dk Mj gSA vc [kRe gksus okyk gSA vly es a fl¯yMj esa

êhVj&mVj* dh rjg dks bZ ph”k ugha gks us ls oq QN irk ugha pyrkA ys fdu] va nk”k gS fd ,d ;k nks fnu---dks ;yk gSA LVks o gSA exj fdjklu ,d gh cks ry---¸

¶fiQygky] cgq r gS---ck<+ dk Hkh ;gh gky gSA ehVj&mVj dh rjg dks bZ ph”k ugha gks us ls irk ugha pyrk fd dc vk èkeos QA¸μeS a us dgkA

lkjs jktsa nz uxj es a lkoèkku&lkoèkku* èofu oq QN nsj xw ¡ trh jghA CykW d osQ uhps dh nq dkuks a ls lkeku gVk, tkus yxsA es js + ÝyS V os Q uhps os Q nq dkunkj us] irk ugha D;ks a ] bruk dkx”k bd _ k dj j[kk Fkk! ,d vyko yxkdj lq yxk fn;kA gekjk dejk èkq ,¡ ls Hkj x;kA

lkjk 'kgj txk gq vk gSA ifPNe dh vks j dku yxkdj lquus dh ps "Vk djrk

g¡ w ---gk¡ ihjeq gkuh ;k lkfyeiqjk&vgjk vFkok tud fd'kks j&uoyfd'kks j jks M dh vks j ls oq QN gypy dh vkok”k vk jgh gS SA yxrk gS] ,d&Ms <+ cts jkr rd ikuh jkts a nz uxj igq ¡ ps xkA

lks us dh dks f'k'k djrk gw¡ A ys fdu uha n vk,xh Hkh\ ugha ] dka iks ”k dh fVfd;k vHkh ughaA oq QN fy[kw ¡ \ ¯drq D;k fy[kw¡ ---dfork\ 'kh"kZ d&ck<+ vkoq Qy iz rh{kk\èkr~ !

uha n ugha] Le fr;k¡ vkus yxha μ,d&,d djA pyfp=k os Q cs rjrhc n ';ks a dh rjg!

1947---efugkjh (rc iw f.kZ ;k] vc dfVgkj f”kyk) osQ bykosQ es a xq jQth (Lo-

lrhukFk Hkknq M+ h) os Q lkFk xaxk eS ;k dh ck<+ ls ihfM+ r {ks =k eas ge uko ij tk jgs gS a A pkjks a vks j ikuh gh ikuhA nw j] ,d ^}hi* tS lk ckyw pj fn[kkbZ iM+ kA geus dgk] ogk¡ pydj ”kjk pgydneh djos Q Vk¡ xsa lhèkh dj ys a A Hkknq M+ h th dgrs gS aμ



bl ty izy; esa 7

¶¯drq ] lkoèkku! ,s lh txgks a ij dne j[kus osQ igys ;g er Hkwyuk fd rq els igys gh ogk¡ gj rjg os Q iz k.kh 'kj.kkFkhZ osQ :i es a ekS tw n feys a xs vkS j lpeq p&pha Vh&pha Vs ls ys dj lk¡ i&fcPNw vkS j ykseM+ h&fl;kj rd ;gk¡ iukg ys jgsFks---Hkknq M+ h th dh fgnk;r Fkhμgj uko ij îdkgh ?kko* (ikuh es a iS j dh

m¡ xfy;k¡ lM+ tkrh gS a A ryoks a es a Hkh ?kko gks tkrk gS) dh nok] fn;klykbZ dh fMfc;k vkS j fdjklu rs y jguk pkfg, vkS j] lpeq p ge tgk¡ tkrs] [kkus&ihus dh ph”k ls igys îdkgh ?kko* dh nok vkS j fn;klykbZ dh ek¡ x gks rh---

1949---ml ckj egkuank dh ck<+ ls f?kjs ckilh Fkkuk osQ ,d xk¡o esa ge igq¡psA gekjh uko ij fjyhI + kQ osQ MkDVj lkgc FksA xk¡o osQ dbZ chekjksa dks uko ij p<+kdj oSaQi esa ys tkuk FkkA ,d chekj ukStoku osQ lkFk mldk oqQÙkk Hkh ôaqQbZ&oqaQbZ* djrk gqvk uko ij p<+ vk;kA MkDVj lkgc oqQÙks dks ns[kdj ^Hkh"k.k Hk;Hkhr* gks x, vkSj fpYykus yxs&¶vk js! oqQoqQj ugha] oqQoqQj ugha ---oqQoqQj dks Hkxkvks!¸ chekj ukStoku Ni&ls ikuh esa mrj x;kμ¶gekj oqQoqQj

ugha tk,xk rks ge gqq¡ ugha tk,xkA¸ fiQj oqQÙkk Hkh NikoQ ikuh esa fxjkμ¶gekjk vkneh ugha tk,xk rks ge gq¡ ugha tk,xk¸---ijeku unh dh ck<+ esa Mwcs gq, ,d êqlgjh*1 (eqlgjksa dh cLrh) esa ge jkgr ck¡Vus x,A [kcj feyh Fkh os dbZ fnuksa ls eNyh vkSj pwgksa dks >qylkdj [kk jgs gSaA fdlh rjg th jgs gSaA ¯drq Vksys osQ ikl tc ge igq¡ps rks <ksyd vkSj eathjk dh vkok”k lqukbZ iM+hA tkdj ns[kk] ,d m¡Qph txg êpku* cukdj LVst dh rjg cuk;k x;k gSA ^cyokgh*2 ukp gks jgk FkkA yky lkM+h igudj dkyk&dywVk ûVqvk* nqyfgu dk gko&Hkko fn[kyk jgk Fkk_ ;kuh] og ^èkkuh* gSA ^?kjuh* (èkkuh) ?kj NksM+dj ek;osQ Hkkxh tk jgh gS vkSj mldk ?kjokyk (iq#"k) mldks eukdj

jkg ls ykSVkus x;k gSA bl in osQ lkFk gh <ksyd ij nzqr rky ctus yxkμ^èkkfxM+ fxM+&èkkfxM+ fxM+&poS Qos Q pdèkqe poS Qos Q pdèkqe&pdèkq e pdèkq e!*

1- ,d tkfr (vkfnoklh) tks nks us] iÙkys a vkfn cukus dk dke djrh gS 2- ,d iz dkj dk yks d&u R; •



8 Ñfrdk

dhpM+&ikuh esa yFkiFk Hkw[ks&I;kls&uj&ukfj;ksa osQ >qaM esa eqDr f[kyf[kykgV ygjsa ysus yxrh gSA ge fjyhI + kQ ck¡Vdj Hkh ,slh g¡lh mUgsa ns losaQxs D;k!('kkL=kh th] vki dgk¡ gS\) cyokgh ukp dh ckr mBrs gh eq>s vius ije

fe=k Hkksyk 'kkL=kh dh ;kn ges'kk D;ksa vk tkrh gS\ ;g ,d ckj] 1937 esa] flejouh&'kadjiqj esa ck<+ osQ le; ûko* dks ysdj yM+kbZ gks xbZ FkhA eSa ml

le; ^ckypj* (Cok; LdkmV) FkkA xk¡o osQ yksx uko osQ vHkko esa osQys osQ ikSèks dk ^Hksyk* cukdj fdlh rjg dke pyk jgs Fks vkSj ogha ”kehankj osQ yM+osQ uko ij gjeksfu;e&rcyk osQ lkFk ¯>f>j (ty&fogkj) djus fudysFksA xk¡o osQ ukS tokuks a us feydj mudh uko Nhu yh FkhA Fkks M+ h ekjihV Hkh

gqbZ Fkh---vkS j 1967 es a tc iq uiq u dk ikuh jkts a nz uxj es a ?kql vk;k Fkk] ,d uko ij

oq QN lts&èkts ;qod vkSj ;qofr;ks a dh Vksyh fdlh f- iQYe es a ns [ks gq , d'ehj dk vkuan ?kj&cS Bs ysus osQ fy, fudyh FkhA uko ij LVks o ty jgk Fkkμos Qryh p<+ h

gq bZ Fkh] fcLoqQV osQ fMCcs [kq ys gq, Fks] ,d yM+ dh I;kyh esa pEep Mkydj ,d vuks[kh vnk ls us LoS QisQ os Q ikmMj dks eFk jgh Fkhμ^,Liz slks* cuk jgh Fkh] 'kk;nA nw ljh yM+ dh cgq r euks ;ks x ls dks bZ lfp=k vkSj jaxhu if=kdk i<+ jgh FkhA ,d ;qod nks uksa ik¡ oksa dks iS Qykdj ck¡ l dh yXxh ls uko [ks jgk FkkA nw ljk ;q od if=kdk i<+ us okyh yM+dh osQ lkeus] vius ?kqVus ij dks guh Vsddj dks bZ eueks gd ^Mk;ykW x* cksy jgk FkkA iwjs ôkW Y;w e* es a ctrs gq, ^Vª ka f”kLVj* ij xkuk vk jgk Fkkμ^gok esa mM+ rk tk,] eks jk yky nq i ^ k eyey dk] gks th gks th!*

gekjs CykW d os Q ikl xks yacj esa uko igq¡ ph Fkh fd vpkud pkjksa CykW d dh Nrks a ij [kM+s yM+dksa us ,d gh lkFk fdydkfj;ksa ] lhfV;ks a] iQfCr;ksa dh o"kkZ dj nh

vkSj bl xks yacj es a fdlh Hkh vkok”k dh izfrèofu e¡Mjk&e¡ Mjkdj xw ¡ trh gSA lks lc feykdj Lo;a gh tks èofu la ;kstu gqvk] mls cM+ s&ls&cMs+ xq .kh la xhr funs Z 'kd cgq r dks f'k'k os Q ckotwn ugha dj ikrsA mu iw QgM+ ;q odksa dh lkjh



bl ty izy; esa 9

^,D”kfc'kfu”e*1 rqjar Nw earj gks xbZ vkS j ;q ofr;ksa osQ jaxs yky&yky vksa B vkS j xky dkys iM+ x,A uko ij vosQyk Vª ka ftLVj Fkk tks iwjs ne osQ lkFk eq[kj FkkμûS;k rksjh ea >èkkj] gks ';kj gks ';kj*!

¶dkgks jke¯lxkj] ifu;ka vk jgyks gS\¸¶m¡ Qgw¡ ] u vk jgykS gSA¸

<kbZ ct x,] exj ikuh vc rd vk;k ugha ] yxrk gS dgha vVd x;k] vFkok tgk¡ rd vkuk Fkk vkdj jQd x;k] vFkok rVcaèk ij yM+rs gq, bathfu;jks a

dh thr gks xbZ 'kk;n] ;k dks bZ nSoh peRdkj gks x;k! ugha rks ikuh dgha Hkh tk,xk rks fdèkj ls\ jkLrk rks bèkj ls gh gS---pkjks a CykW dks a os Q izk;% lHkh

Ý + yS Vks a dh jks 'kuh ty jgh gS] cq > jgh gSA lHkh txs gq , gSa A oq QÙks jg&jgdj lkew fgd jQnu djrs gS a vkS j mUgsa jke¯lxkj dh ea Myh Mk¡Vdj pq i djk nsrh gSA pkSi---pkS i!

eq >s vpkud vius mu fe=kksa vkS j Lotuks a dh ;kn vkbZ tks dy ls gh ikVfyiq=k dkWyks uh] JhoQ".kiq jh] cks fjax jks M osQ vFkkg ty es a f?kjs gS a---ftrs anz th] fouhrk th] ckcw HkS;k] ba fnjk th] irk ugha oS Qls gSa μfdl gky es a gS a os! 'kke dks ,d ckj iM+ks l es a tkdj VsyhI + kQks u djus os Q fy, pks axk mBk;kμcgqr ns j rd dbZ ua cj Mk;y djrk jgkA mèkj lUukVk Fkk ,dneA dksbZ 'kCn ugha μ^Vqa x iq aQx* oq QN Hkh ughaA

fcLrj ij djoV ysrs gq , fiQj ,d ckj eu esa gq vk] oqQN fy[kuk pkfg,A ys fdu D;k fy[kuk pkfg,\ oq QN Hkh fy[kuk laHko ugha vkSj D;k ”k:jh gS fd oqQN fy[kk gh tk,\ ughaA fiQj Le fr;ksa dks txkm¡ Q rks vPNk---fiNys lky vxLr es a ujirxat Fkkuk pdjnkgk xk¡o osQ ikl NkrhHkj ikuh esa [kM+ h ,d vklUuiz lok 2

gekjh vksj xk; dh rjg Vqoq Qj&VqoqQj ns[k jgh Fkh--- ugha ] vc Hkw yh&fcljh ;kn ughaA csgrj gS] vk¡ [kas ew ¡ ndj lI + ksQn Hks M+ka ss os Q >qa M

ns [kus dh ps "Vk d:¡ ---mtys&mtys lI + ksQn Hks M+---l- isQn Hks M+ka s osQ >qa MA >qa M---¯drq

1- izn'kZ uokn 2- ftls vktdy esa gh cPpk gksus okyk gks•



10 Ñfrdk

lHkh mtys Hks M+ vpkud dkys gks x,A ckj&ckj vk¡ [kas [kks yrk gw¡ ] ew¡ nrk gw¡ A dkys dks mtyk djuk pkgrk gw ¡A Hks M+ ka s os Q >q a M Hkw js gks tkrs gS a A mtys Hks M+---mtys Hks M+---dkys Hkw js---¯drq mtys---mtys---

xs gq ,¡ ja x os Q Hks M+---!^vksbZ |k[kks&,ls xs Ns ty!*μ

>d>ks jdj eq>s txk;k x;kA ?kM+h ns[kh] Bhd lk<s + ik¡p ct jgs FksA losjk gks pqdk Fkk---vk jgykS gS! vk jgykS gS ifu;ka A ikuh vk xsykSA gks jke¯lxkj! gks eksgu!

jkepUujμvjs gks---vk¡[ksa eyrk gqvk mBkA ifPNe dh vksj] Fkkuk osQ lkeus

lM+oQ ij eksVh Mksyh dh 'kDy esaμeq¡g esa >kx&isQu fy,μikuh vk jgk gS_ Bhd oSlk gh tSlk 'kke dks dkWI + kQh gkml osQ ikl ns[kk FkkA ikuh osQ lkFk&lkFk pyrk gqvk] fdyksy djrk gqvk cPpksa dk ,d ny---mèkj ifPNe&nf{k.k dksus ij fnudj vfrfFk'kkyk ls vkSj vkxs Hkaxh cLrh osQ ikl cPps owQn D;ksa jgs gSa\ ugha] cPps ugha] ikuh gSA ogk¡ eksM+ gS] FkksM+ k vojksèk gSμblfy, ikuh mNy jgk gS---ifPNe&mÙkj dh vksj] CykWd uacj ,d osQ ikl iqfyl pkSdh osQ

fiNokMs+ esa ikuh dk igyk jsyk vk;k---CykWd uacj pkj osQ uhps lsB dh nqdku dh ck,¡ ck”kw esa ygjsa ukpus yxhaAvc eS a nkS M+ dj Nr ij pyk x;kA pkjks a vks j 'kks j&dks ykgy&dyjo&ph[k&iq dkj

vkSj ikuh dk dydy joA ygjks a dk urZ uA lkeus iq QVikFk dks ikj dj vc ikuh



bl ty izy; es a 11

gekjs fiNokM+s es a l'kDr cgus yxk gSA xks yca j osQ xks y ikoZ Q osQ pkjks a vks j ikuh ukp jgk gS---vk x;k] vk x;k! ikuh cgq r rs”kh ls c<+ jgk gS] p<+ jgk gS] djs aV fdruk rs”k gS\ lksu dk ikuh gSA ugha] xaxk th dk gSA vk xSyks---

lkeus dh nhokj dh b± Vs a tYnh&tYnh Mw crh tk jgh gS a A fctyh os Q [ka Hks dk dkyk fgLlk Mw c x;kA rkM+ os Q is M+ dk ruk Øe'k% Mw crk tk jgk gS---Mw c jgk gSA

---vHkh ;fn esjs ikl ewoh oS Qejk gks rk] vxj ,d Vs i&fjdkMZ j gks rk! ck<+ rks cpiu ls gh ns[krk vk;k gw¡ ] ¯drq ikuh dk bl rjg vkuk dHkh ugha ns [kkAvPNk gq vk tks jkr esa ugha vk;kA ugha rks Hk; osQ ekjs u tkus es jk D;k gky

gks rk---ns[krs gh ns[krs xksy ikoZQ Mwc x;kA gfj;kyh yksi gks xbZA vc gekjs pkjks a vksj ikuh ukp jgk Fkk---Hkw js ja x os Q Hks M+ka s osQ >q a MA HksM+ nkS M+ jgs gS a μHkw js HksM+] og

pk;okys dh >ks aiM+h xbZ] pyh xbZ A dk'k] esjs ikl ,d ewoh oSQejk gksrk] ,d Vsi&fjdkMZj gks rk---rks D;k gks rk\ vPNk gS] oqQN Hkh ugha aA dye Fkh] og Hkh pks jh pyh xbZ A vPNk gS] oqQN Hkh ugha μes js iklA



12 Ñfrdk

iz'u&vH;kl iz'u&vH;kl iz'u&vH;kl iz'u&vH;kl iz'u&vH;kl

1- ck<+ dh [kcj lq udj yks x fdl rjg dh rS;kjh djus yxs\2- ck<+ dh lgh tkudkjh ys us vkS j ck<+ dk :i ns [kus os Q fy, ys [kd D;ksa mRlq d Fkk\

3- lcdh ”kcku ij ,d gh ftKklkμîkuh dgk¡ rd vk x;k gS\*μbl dFku ls tulewg dh dkS u&lh Hkkouk,¡ O;Dr gks rh gSa \

4- ê` R;q dk rjy nw r* fdls dgk x;k gS vkSj D;ksa \

5- vkinkvks a ls fuiVus os Q fy, viuh rjI + kQ ls oq QN lq>ko nhft,A

6- ^bZg! tc nkukiqj Mwc jgk Fkk rks iVfu;k¡ ckcw yks x myVdj ns[kus Hkh ugha x,---vc cw>ks!*μbl dFku }kjk yks xksa dh fdl ekufldrk ij pks V dh xbZ gS\

7- [kjhn&fcØh ca n gks pqdus ij Hkh iku dh fcØh vpkud D;ks a c<+ xbZ Fkh\

8- tc ys[kd dks ;g vglkl gq vk fd mlos Q bykos Q es a Hkh ikuh ?kq lus dh la Hkkouk gS rks mlus D;k&D;k iz ca èk fd,\

9- ck<+ ihfM+r {ks =k es a dkSu&dkSu lh chekfj;ks a os Q iSQyus dh vk'ka dk jgrh gS\10- ukS toku os Q ikuh es a mrjrs gh oq QÙkk Hkh ikuh es a ow Qn x;kA nks uks a us fdu Hkkoukvks a os Q o'khHkw r gks dj ,s lk fd;k\

11- ^vPNk gS] oqQN Hkh ugha A dye Fkh] og Hkh pksjh pyh xbZ A vPNk gS] oq QN Hkh ughaμes js iklA*μewoh oS Qejk] Vsi fjdkWMZ j vkfn dh rhoz mRoaQBk gks rs gq , Hkh ys [kd us var esa mi;qZ Dr dFku D;ks a dgk\

12- vkius Hkh ns [kk gksxk fd ehfM;k }kjk izLrqr dh xbZ ?kVuk,¡ dbZ ckj leL;k,¡ cu tkrh gSa ] ,slh fdlh ?kVuk dk mYys [k dhft,A

13- viuh ns[kh&lq uh fdlh vkink dk o.kZu dhft,A



1- ijnk djus okyh L=kh

2 esjs lax dh vkSjr esjs lax dh vkSjr esjs lax dh vkSjr esjs lax dh vkSjr esjs lax dh vkSjrsa

esjh ,d ukuh Fkha A ”kkfgj gSA ij eSa us mUgsa dHkh ns [kk ugha A es jh

ek¡ dh 'kknh gks us ls igys gh mudh eR;q gks xbZ FkhA 'kk;n ukuh ls dgkuh u lq u ikus os Q dkj.k ckn es a] ge rhu cfguks a dks [kqn dgkfu;k¡ dguh iM+ha A ukuh ls dgkuh Hkys u lq uh gks] ukuh dh dgkuh ”k:j lq uh vkSj cgqr ckn esa tkdj mldk vlyh eeZ le> es a vk;kA igys bruk gh tkuk fd es jh ukuh] ikjaifjd] vui<+] ijnku'kha 1 vkS jr Fkha ] ftuos Q ifr 'kknh osQ rqjar ckn mUgsa NksM+dj cSfjLVªh

i<+us foyk;r pys x, FksA oS a Qfcz t fo'ofo|ky; ls fMxz h ys dj tc os ykS Vs vkS j foyk;rh jhfr&fjokt osQ lax ¯”knxh clj djus yxs rks] ukuh osQ vius jgu&lgu ij] mldk dks bZ vlj ugha iM++ k] u mUgks aus viuh fdlh bPNk&vkdka {kk

;k ilan&ukia ln dk b”kgkj ifr ij dHkh fd;kA

•

e`nq yk xxZ

•



14 Ñfrdk

1- cgq r cksyus okyh 2- vkKkdkjh •

ij tc de&mez es a ukuh us [kq n dks ekS r osQ djhc ik;k rks] ia nz g o"khZ ; bdykS rh cs Vh ês jh ek¡ * dh 'kknh dh fI + kQØ us bruk Mjk;k fd os ,dne eq ¡ g”kks j 1 gks mBha A ukuk ls mUgks a us dgk fd os ijns dk fygk”k Nks M+dj muos Q nksLr Lora =krk&ls ukuh I;kjs yky 'kekZ ls feyuk pkgrh gS a A lc na x&gS jku jg x,A ftl ijnku'kha vkS jr us ijk, enZ ls D;k] [kq n vius enZ ls eq ¡g [kks ydj

ckr ugha dh Fkh] vkf[kjh oDr es a vtuch ls D;k dguk pkg ldrh gS\ ij ukuk us oDr dh deh vkS j ekS os Q dh u”kkdr dh ykt j[kh! loky&tokc es a oDr cjckn djus os Q ctk, I + kQkS ju tkdj nks Lr dks fyok yk, vkS j chch osQ gq”kwj es a is 'k dj fn;kA

vc tks ukuh us dgk] og vkS j Hkh gS jrvaxs ”k FkkA mUgks a us dgk] ¶opu nhft, fd esjh yM+dh os Q fy, oj vki r; djsa xsA es js ifr rks lkgc gS a vkS j eS a ugha pkgrh es jh cs Vh dh 'kknh] lkgcksa os Q I + kQjekcjnkj 2 ls gksA vki viuh rjg vk”kknh dk flikgh <w ¡ <+dj mldh 'kknh djok nhft,xkA¸ dkS u dg ldrk Fkk

fd viuh vk”kknh ls iw jh rjg cs[kcj ml vkS jr os Q eu es a ns'k dh vk”kknh osQ fy, ,s lk tq uwu gksxkA ckn esa esjh le> es a vk;k fd njvly os futh thou esa Hkh dkI + kQh vk”kkn&[k;ky jgh gksa xhA Bhd gS] mUgks aus ukuk dh ¯”knxh esa dks bZ n[ky ugha fn;k] u mles a lk>s nkjh dh] ij viuh ¯”knxh dks vius <ax ls thrh ”k:j jgha A ikjaifjd] ?kjs yw] mckmQ vkS j [kkeks 'k ¯”knxh thus es a] vkt os Q fglkc ls] Øka frdkjh pkgs

oq QN u jgk gks nwljs dh rjg thus os Q

fy, etcw j u gks us es a vlyh vk”kknh oq QN ”;knk gh FkhA





16 Ñfrdk

eS aus viuh nknh dks dbZ ckj dgrs lquk Fkk] ¶ge gkFkh is gy uk tqrok;k djrs] ge is cS y gS aA¸ cpiu es a gh eq >s bl tq eys dk HkkokFkZ le> esa vk x;k Fkk] tc ns[kk Fkk fd] ge cPpksa dh eerkyw ijofj'k os Q ekeys esa ek¡ os Q flok

?kj osQ lHkh izk.kh eqLrSn 1 jgrs FksA nknh vkSj mudh ftBkfu;k¡ gh ugha] [kqn&enZ tkr] firk th HkhA

ij Bks l dke u djus dk ;g eryc ugha Fkk fd ek¡ dks vk”kknh dk tquw u de FkkA og Hkjiw j Fkk vkS j vius rjhos Q ls os mls Hkjiw j fuHkkrh jgh Fkha A ”kkfgj gS fd tc tq uwu vk”kknh dk gks rks ] mls fuHkkuk Hkh vk”kknh ls pkfg,A ftl&frl ls iw Ndj] mlos Q rjhos Q ls ugha] [kqn vius rjhos Q lsA

geus viuh ek¡ dks dHkh Hkkjrh; ek¡ tS lk ugha ik;kA u mUgks aus dHkh gesa ykM+ fd;k] u gekjs fy, [kkuk idk;k vkSj u vPNh iRuh&cgw gksus dh lh[k nhA oq QN viuh chekjh osQ pyrs Hkh] os ?kjckj ugha l¡ Hkky ikrh Fkha ij mles a ”;knk gkFk

mudh v#fp dk FkkA mudk ”;knk oDr fdrkcsa i<+us esa chrrk Fkk] ckdh oDr

lkfgR;&ppkZ es a ;k la xhr lq uus esa vkS j os ;s lc fcLrj ij ysVs&ys Vs fd;k djrh FkhaA fiQj Hkh] tS lk eS a us igys dgk Fkk] gekjs ija ijkxr nknk&nknh ;k mudh llq jky osQ vU; lnL; mUgsa u uke èkjrs Fks] u muls vke vkS jr dh rjg gks us dh vis{kk j[krs FksA mues a lcdh bruh J¼k D;ks a Fkh] tcfd og iRuh] ek¡ vkSj cgw os Q fdlh izpkfjr drZO; dk ikyu ugha djrh Fkha \ lkgch [kkunku os Q jksc os Q vykok es jh le> es a nks dkj.k vk, gS a μ(1) os dHkh >wB ugha cks yrh Fkha vkSj (2) os ,d dh xksiuh; ckr dks nwljs ij ”kkfgj ugha gksus ns rh Fkha A

igys osQ dkj.k mUgsa ?kjokyksa dk vknj feyk gqvk Fkk_ nwljs osQ dkj.k ckgjokyksa dh nksLrhA nksLr os gekjh Hkh Fkha] ek¡ dh Hkwfedk gekjs firk c[kwch

fuHkk nsrs FksA eq>s ;kn g S] cpiu esa Hkh gekjs ?kj esa fdlh dh fp _ h vkus ij dksbZ mlls ;g ugha iwNrk Fkk fd mlesa D;k fy[kk gSA Hkys og ,d cgu dh

1- rS ;kj] pq Lr] rRij •



es js lax dh vkS jrsa 17

nwljh osQ uke D;ksa u gksA vkSj ek¡ ;g tkuus dks csgky gkas fd chekjh ls og mcjh ;k ughaA NksVs ls ?kj esa Ng cPpksa osQ lkFk] lkl&llqj vkfn osQ jgrs gq, Hkh] gj O;fDr dks viuk futRo cuk, j[kus dh NwV FkhA blh futRo cuk, j[kus dh NwV dk I + kQk;nk mBkdj] ge rhu cgusa vkSj NksVk HkkbZ ys[ku osQ gokys gks x,A

yhd ls f[klosQ] vius iwoZtksa esa] ek¡ vkSj ukuh gh jgh gksrha rks xuher jgrh] ij viuh ,d ijnknh Hkh Fkha] ftUgsa drkj ls ckgj pyus dk 'kkSd FkkA mUgksaus ozr ys j[kk Fkk fd vxj [kqnk osQ I + kQ”ky 1 ls] muosQ ikl dHkh nks ls ”;knk èkksfr;k¡ gks tk,¡xh rks os rhljh nku dj nsaxhA tSu lekt esa vifjxzg 2

dh lud fcjknjh ckgj gjdr ugha ekuh tkrh] blfy, ogk¡ rd rks Bhd FkkA ij mudk vlyh tyok rc ns[kus dks feyk] tc esjh ek¡ igyh ckj xHkZorh gqb±A esjh ijnknh us eafnj esa tkdj eUur ek¡xh fd mudh irksgw dk igyk cPpk yM+dh gksA ;g xSj&jok;rh eUur ek¡xdj gh mUgsa pSu ugha iM+kA mls

Hkxoku vkSj vius chp iks'khnk j[kus osQ ctk, ljsvke mldk ,syku dj fn;kA yksxksa osQ eq¡g [kqys&osQ&[kqys jg x,A muosQ fI + kQrwj dh dksbZ okftc otg <w¡<+s u feyhA ;g Hkh ugha dg ldrs Fks fd [kkunku esa iq'rksa ls dU;k iSnk ugha gqbZ Fkh] blfy, ek¡ th cspkjh dU;knku osQ iq.; osQ vHkko dks iwjk djus osQ pDdj esa FkhaA D;ksafd firk th dh gh ugha] nknk th dh Hkh cgusa ekStwn FkhaA gk¡] igyk cPpk gj cgw dk csVk gksrk jgk FkkA [kSj] ek¡ th us viuh rjI + kQ

ls dksbZ lI + kQkbZ ugha nh] cfYd cnLrwj 3 eafnj tkdj eUur nqgjkrh jghaA iwjk uoqQM+ xk¡o tkurk Fkk fd ek¡ th dk Hkxoku osQ lkFk lhèkk&lhèkk rkj tqM+ k gqvk gSA csrkj dk rkjA bèkj og rkj [khaprh] mèkj Vu ls rFkkLrq ctrkA esjh nknh

rks igyh erZck esa gh rS;kj gks xbZ Fkha fd xksn esa [ksysxh] rks iksrhA ij ek¡ th dh vkj”kw fdl dnj jax yk,xh] mldk mUgsa Hkh xqeku u jgk gksxkA

1- vuq xz g] n;k 2- la xzg u djuk] fdlh ls oqQN xz g.k u djuk 3- fu;e ls•



18 Ñfrdk

yM+dh dh xSj&okftc tqLrtw lqu] Hkxoku oqQN ,slh vI + kQjk&rI + kQjh esa vk x, fd ,d u nks] iwjh ik¡p dU;k,¡] ,d&osQ&ckn&,d èkjrh ij mrkj nhaA Hkxoku dks D;k dgsa] ek¡ th osQ lkeus rks ukeh pksj Hkh vI + kQjk&rI + kQjh esa vk tkrs FksA ek¡ th vkSj ukeh pksj dk fdLlk gks'k l¡ Hkkyus osQ ckn eSaus dbZ ckj lquk Fkk] pksj osQ nhnkj dh [kq'kulhch Hkh gkFk vkbZ FkhA

gqvk ;w¡ Fkk fd fdlh 'kknh osQ flyflys es a uoqQM+ dh gos yh osQ reke enZ ckjkr esa nwljs xk¡ o x, gq , FksA vkS jrs a lt&èkt dj jrtxk euk jgh Fkha A ukp&xkusvkSj <ks yd dh Fkki osQ 'kks j es a ukeh pks j dc ls a èk yxkdj gosyh esa ?kqlk] fdlh

dks [kcj u gqbZ A ij pks j Fkk cnfdLer] ftl dejs esa ?kqlk] mles a ek¡ th lksbZ gq bZ Fkha A vkS jrks a os Q 'kksj ls cpus dks] os viuk dejk Nks M+ nwljs es a tk lksbZ FkhaA pks j cspkjk] reke tq xjkfI + kQ;k fnekx es a fcBykdj mrjk Fkk] mls D;k irk Fkk fd bruh cM+h&cw<+h iq jf[ku txg cny ysxhA [kS j] cq<+kis dh uhan Bgjh] pksj osQ ncs ik¡ oksa dh vkgV ls gh [kqy xbZ A

¶dkS u\¸ ek¡ th us brehuku ls iw NkA¶th] eS a ] pks j us ;qxksa ls pyk vk jgk] ikja ifjd] vlaxr tokc fn;kA¶ikuh fiyk¸] ek¡ th us dgkA¶th eSa ---\¸ pksj f>>ddj jg x;kA

rc rd ek¡ th fcLrj osQ cjkcj esa VVksydj ns[k pqdh Fkha ] yksVk [kkyh FkkA¶,s lk dj¸] mUgksa us dgk] ¶;g yksVk ys vkSj oq Q,¡ ls ikuh Hkj ykA ij ns [k]

diM+k dldj ck¡ èks jf[k;ks vkS j rjhosQ ls Nkfu;ksA¸ pksj ?kcjk x;k] v¡èks js es a bUgks aus oS Qls tkuk fd mlos Q eq ¡g ij diM+k c¡èkk gS

vkSj dej esa Hkk¡xA Hkxoku ls mudk rkj tqM+s gksus dh [kcj mls FkhA ij cqf<+;k

Hkk¡x Hkh Nkurh gks xh] ,dne ;dhu u gqvkA blh ls oq QN gSjku&ijs'kku gks mBkA¶tYnh dj HkkbZ ] rHkh ek¡ th us dgk] ¶cM+h I;kl yxh gSA¸¶ij eS a rks pks j gw ¡ ] ekjs ?kcjkgV vkS j èkeZla dV osQ pks j lp dg x;kA




¶gq vk djs ] ek¡ th us dgk] ¶I;kls dks ikuh rks fiykA ij ns [k] es jk èkje u fcxkfM+;ks] yk s Vs osQ eq ¡g ls diM+k u gVkb;ks] gkFk jxM+dj èkks yhtks vkS j ikuh diM+s ls Nkudj Hkfj;ksA¸

¶vki pksj os Q gkFk dk ih yks xh\¸¶dgk u] jxM+dj èkks yhtks] lc ukp&xkus esa yxs gSa ] rs js vkSj Hkxoku os Q

flok dkS u èkjk gS] tks fiyk,xkA¸Hkxoku ogha&dgha mlosQ cjkcj es a èkjs gS a] lq udj pksj oqQN ,slk vdcdk;k 1

fd yks Vk mBkdj py fn;kA iw jh ,gfr;kr os Q lkFk ikuh Hkjdj ykSVk rks] igjs nkj us èkj&nckspkA oq¡ Q, ij ns [k fy;k x;k FkkA

rc ek¡ th us yks Vs dk vkèkk ikuh [kq n ihdj] ckdh pksj dks fiyk fn;k vkS j dgk] ¶,d yks Vs ls ikuh ihdj ge ek¡ &cs Vs gq,A vc cs Vk] pkgs rks rw pks jh dj] pkgs [ks rhA¸

cs Vk cspkjk fdl yk;d jg x;k gksxkA lks jksekapd èka èkk Nks M+ [ksrh ls

yxkA lkyks a&lky yxk jgkA tc eSa us mls ns [kk rks cM+k Hkykekuq l cw <+k yxk eq>s] Mjk&Mjk] gS jku&lkA

vc [kkunkuh fojklr dfg, ;k thok.kqvks a dk iz dks i] mu nks ludh cqf<+;ks a os Q chp eSa vPNh i¡ Qlh! ,d rjI + kQ] ek¡ th os Q pyrs] vius yM+dh gks us ij dks bZ ghu Hkkouk eu es a ugha mithA nw ljh rjI + kQ] ukuh os Q pyrs] ns 'k dh vk”kknh dks ys dj ukgd jks ekuh gh jghA

1- ?kcjk;k •



20 Ñfrdk

15 vxLr 1947 dks] tc ns 'k dks vk”kknh feyh ;k dguk pkfg,] tc vk”kknh ikus dk t'u euk;k x;k rks nq ;ks Z x ls eS a chekj FkhA mu fnuks a ] VkbI + kQkbM [kklk tkuys ok jks x ekuk tkrk FkkA blfy, es js reke jks us&èkks us os Q ckotw n MkW DVj us eq >s ba fM;k xs V tkdj] t'u es a f'kjdr djus dh btk”kr ugha nhA pw¡ fd MkW DVj vius

ukuk os Q ije fe=k] muls ”;knk ukuk Fks blfy, gekjs firk th] tks ckr&ckr ij lÙkkèkkfj;ks a ls yM+rs&fHkM+rs fiQjrs Fks] pq Iih lkèk x,A eS a cnLrw j jks rh&dyirh jgh] D;k dks bZ cPpk bdykS rh xq fM+;k os Q Vw V tkus ij jks ;k gks xk! es jh mez rc ukS cjl dh FkhA bruh Nks Vh ugha fd xq fM+;k ls cgyrh vkS j bruh cM+h ugha fd MkW DVjh roZ Q le>rhA ra x vkdj firk th eq >s ^cz nlZ dkjketks o*1 miU;kl idM+k x,A fdrkcs a i<+us dk eq >s fejkd 2 FkkA lks] tc oq QN ns j ckn eS a us ns [kk fd firk th dks Nks M+dj] ?kj os Q ckdh lc iz k.kh iyk;u dj pq os Q Fks vkS j firk th nw ljs dejs es a cS Bs viuh fdrkc i<+ jgs Fks rks] jks uk&èkks uk Nks M+dj eS a us Hkh fdrkc [kks y yhA ,d ckj 'kq :

dj ys us ij] mlus eq >s bruh eks gyr

3

ugha nh fd nks ckjk jks uk 'kq : d:¡ ;k dks bZ vkS j dke idM + w ¡ A ml oDr ^cz nlZ dkjketks o* eq >s ns us es a D;k rq d Fkh] rc es jh le> es a ugha vk;kA fdrkc fdruh le> es a vkbZ ] og vc rd ugha tkurh] D;ks a fd mlos Q ckn bruh ckj i<+h fd lkjs ikB vkil es a x a &e a gks x,A fdruk igyh ckj es a iYys iM+k] fdruk ckn es a ] dguk eq f'dy gSA ij bruk fo'okl os Q lkFk dg ldrh gw ¡ fd mldk ,d vè;k;] tks cPpks a ij gks us okys vukpkj&vR;kpkj ij Fkk] eq >s igyh ckj es a gh yxHkx oa QBLFk gks x;k FkkA mez os Q gj iM+ko ij og es js lkFk jgk vkS j es js ys [ku os Q ,d egÙoiw .kZ Hkkx dks izHkkfor djrk jgkA tS ls ^tknw dk dkyhu* es jk ukVd] ûgha * o ^rhu fdyks dh Nks jh*] tS lh dgkfu;k¡ o ^dBxq ykc* miU;kl os Q dbZ va 'kA

1- blosQ ys[kd iz fl¼ :lh miU;kldkj nkLrksoLdh gSa 2- ekufld jks x 3- iq QlZr] vodk'k •




ek¡ th dh eUur dk vlj jgk gksxk fd eSa gh ugha] esjh pkjksa cgusa Hkh yM+dh gksus osQ ukrs fdlh ghu Hkkouk dk f'kdkj ugha gqb±A ukuh] ek¡ vkSj ijnknh dh ijaijk cjdjkj j[krs gq,] yhd ij pyus ls Hkh budkj

fd, jghaA igyh yM+dh] ftlos Q fy, eUur ek¡ xh xbZ Fkh] og eSa ugha ] esjh cM+h cgu]

eatqy Hkxr FkhA ?kj dk uke Fkkμjkuh] ckgj dk ea tq y_ ys f[kdk vorkj gq vk] eatq y HkxrA D;ks afd fy[kuk 'kknh osQ ckn 'kq: fd;k vkS j viuk uke cnydj ifr dk xz g.k djus es a dksbZ ghu Hkkouk vkM+s ugha vkbZ ] blfy, iSnkb'kh tS u uke NksM+ Hkxr cuha A nw ljs ua cj ij eSa Fkh] ?kj dk uke mek] ckgj dk e nqykA eSa us Hkh 'kknh osQ ckn fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k lks crkSj ys f[kdk uke pyk e nqyk xxZ A eq>s ;kn gS] tc geus fy[kuk 'kq : fd;k] mlls oq QN igys ukjhokn dk pyu gq vk FkkA 'kknh os Q ckn uke u cnyus dk fjokt mlh us pyk;k FkkA eUuw Hka Mkjh dk gokyk nsdj] gels iw Nk Hkh tkrk Fkk fd vki yks x bruh iksa xkia Fkh] ?kj?kqLlw

D;ksa a gks\ uke D;ks a cnyk\ gekjs ikl bldk dks bZ <ax dk tokc ugha gks rk FkkAvc Hkh ugha gSA ij uke cnyus ls] vius O;fDrRo dk dks bZ uq dlku gksrs] eS aus

ugha ns [kkA iw Nus dks rks firkth ls yks x ;g Hkh iw Nrs Fks] ik¡ p cs fV;ks a ls vkidk eu ugha Hkjk tks gj csVh osQ nks&nks uke j[k Nks M+s gSa A eq >ls NksVh cgu dk ?kj dk uke gS xkS jh vkSj ckgj dk fp=kkA og ugha fy[krhA mldk dguk gS] og blfy, ugha fy[krh D;ksa fd ?kj esa dks bZ i<+us okyk Hkh rks pkfg,A [kSj] mlos Q ckn tc pkSFkh&ik¡poha cs fV;k¡ iSnk gqb± rks] firk th us bruh ckr ”kekus dh lq uh fd mudk ,d&,d uke gh j[kkA js.kq vkS j vpykA ik¡ p cguks a os Q ckn ,d HkkbZ gq vk] jkthoA e”ks dh ckr ;g gS fd chp dh nks cgus a gh ys [ku ls cph

jgha A vpyk vkS j jktho fiQj mles a tk i¡QlsA vpyk eq>ls vkB lky Nks Vh gSvkSj oDr osQ cnyko dh ykt j[krs gq,] vaxz s”kh es a fy[krh gSA ij jktho fiQj

¯gnh os Q gokysA



22 Ñfrdk

ge pkj fy[krs gS a vkSj reke [kkunku gesa i<+rk gSA esjh llq jky esa eq >s dks bZ ugha i<+rkA bl rF; dks g”ke djus esa eq>s dkI + kQh oDr yxkA fiQj mlos Q I + kQk;nsHkh u”kj vkus yxsA de&ls&de] ?kj os Q Hkhrj rks eq>s ¯gnh vkyks puk&cq f¼ ls

nks&pkj ugha gksuk iM+rkA [kS j] eSa viuh ugha ] mu v&ns fo;ks a dh ckr dguk pkgrh gw ¡] tks ijnknh dh

eUur osQ urhtru èkjrh ij vkb± vkS j ys[kd ugha cuhaA tks cuha ] mUgs a lk¡l ys us dh ”k:jr oqQN ”;knk gks] le> es a vkrk gS] tS lk es js firk th us ,d ckj ea tqy ls dgk FkkA dks bZ ne ugha ?kqVrk] lk¡ l ysus dh ”k:jr gh ”;knk gSA ij ;gk¡ rks] ge lsj rks xSj&ysf[kdk cgus a lok ls jA pkSFks uacj okyh js .kq dk vkye ;g Fkk fd xjeh dh nq igjh es a Low Qy ls okilh ij] tc xkM+h mls vkSj mlls NksVh cgu vpyk dks cl v a s ls ys us tkrh] rks js .kq mlesa cS Bus ls budkj dj ns rhA mldk

dguk Fkk fd ;w ¡ Fkks M+k&lk jkLrk xkM+h es a cS Bdj r; djuk] lkear'kkgh dk izrhd FkkA tks 'kk;n FkkA ij lkFk gh firk os Q vfrfjDr ykM+ dk HkhA vkS j jlksb;s dks

[kkuk f[kykdj tYnh I + kQkfjx 1 djus dh ykpkjh dk HkhA ek¡ rks lc ph”kks a ls mnklhu jgrh Fkha ij firk dkI + kQh oq Q<+rs&Hkqurs] tc ns[krs fd vpyk xkM+h es a cS Bh pyh vk jgh gS vkS j js.kq] ihNs&ihNs] ilhus es a rjcrj] [kjkek&[kjkek 2A cpiu es a ,d ckj pq ukSrh fn, tkus ij mlus tujy fFkeS ;k dks i=k fy[kdj] mudk fp=k e¡xok fy;k Fkk] tks ,d eksVjlkbfdy lokj toku vkdj] mlos Q gkFk esa ns x;k FkkA iM+ksl esa mldk #rck dkI + kQh c<+ x;k FkkA xkM+h es a cS Bus os Q lkFk] mls

bfErgku nsus ls Hkh ijgs ”k FkkA LowQy rks tS ls&rS ls ikl dj fy;k ij tc ch-,- dk bfErgku nsus dh ckjh vkbZ rks] og vM+ xbZ A igys eq>s le>kvks fd ch-,- djuk D;ksa ”k:jh gS] rc eS a bfErgku nw ¡xh] vxj eq >s ;dhu vk x;k fd gk¡ ] dks bZ I + kQk;nk gS] ojuk ugha A geus rjg&rjg os Q roZQ fn,] ek¡ us dgk] firk th ls iw NksA

1- dk;Z ls fuoÙk] fu¯'pr 2- /hjs&/hjs•




firk th us dgk] ukS djh dj ikvks xh] 'kknh dj ikvks xh] yksx b””kr ls ns[ksa xs] oxSjg&oxS jgA dks bZ roZ Q fo'oluh; ugha yxk] u js .kq dks] u [kqn mUgs aA vkf[kj mUgks aus mlh oq QroZQ dk lgkjk fy;k tks] ;q xks a ls] ek¡&cki osQ dke vkrk jgk gSA dgk] ch-,- djks] D;kas fd eS a dg jgk gw¡ ] djksA js .kq us ch-,- dj rks fy;k ij flI + kZQ firk dh [kq 'kh osQ fy,] ;kuh ikl gksus yk;d ua cj ykdjA lp cks yus es a og ek¡ ls Hkh nks dne vkxs gSA xuher ;g gS fd vkèkk le; mlos Q lp lq udj yks x lksprs gSa ] og e”kkd dj jgh gksxh blfy, fcuk esgur] og yks xks a dks g¡lk, j[k ysrh gSA vkt Hkh] mls dksbZ b=k Hks aV djrk gS rks og dgrh gS] ¶ugha pkfg,A eSa rks ugkrh gw¡ A¸

rhljs uacj ij fp=kk gSA og dkyst i<+us rks tkrh Fkh ij [kq n i<+us ls ”;knk fnypLih] vkS jksa dks i<+kus esa j[krh FkhA blfy, bfErgku es a mlos Q va d de vkS j mlos Q 'kkfxnks ± osQ ”;knk vkrs FksA ij vius ;gk¡ lc pyrk FkkA mldh 'kknh dk oDr vk;k rks mlus ,d u”kj esa yM+dk ila n djos Q ,s yku dj fn;k fd 'kknh

djs xh rks mlh lsA eq f'dy ;g Fkh fd gekjs ek¡ &cki gh ugha ] [kq n yM+dk Hkh mlos Q fu.kZ ; ls okfdI + kQ ugha FkkA ij mldk dguk Fkk] og tks lks p ys rh gS] djosQ jgrh gSA rks mldh 'kknh mlh yM+osQ ls gqbZA dks bZ eq f'dy is 'k ugha vkbZ Avkrh D;ks a\ mlus dgk] ¶eS a us igyh eqykdkr esa gh mls cryk fn;k Fkk fd eSa

tks lksp ysrh gw ¡] gksdj jgrk gSA¸ rks mlus ckr vkxs [kha ph gh ugha A igyh eqykdkr es a gh gfFk;kj Mky fn,A

geesa lcls NksVh cgu] vpyk dkI + kQh fnuksa rd oqQN de f[kldh ekywe iM+rh jghA firk dk dgk ekudj] igys vFkZ'kkL=k fd;k] fiQj i=kdkfjrk esa nkf[kyk fy;k] <ax ls i<+kbZ dh] ikl gqbZA fiQj firk dh ilan ls 'kknh Hkh dj yhA ij mlosQ vkxs yhd ij ugha py ikbZA ?kjckj esa eu ”;knk

#pk ugha vkSj eatqy vkSj esjh rjg mez osQ rhl cjl ikj djrs gh] fy[kus dk jksx yxk fy;kA



24 Ñfrdk

,d ckr gees a ,d&lh jghA ?kjckj dks ija ijkxr rjhosQ ls geus Hkys u pyk;k gks] mls rksM+k Hkh ugha ] 'kknh ,d ckj dh vkS j mls dk;e j[kkA pkgs rykd os Q dxkj ij [kM+h pyh gks ij dxkj rksM+] Mw ch ugha A 'kk;n blfy, fd tS lk eS aus vius igys miU;kl es a fy[k Mkyk Fkk] ge lHkh fo'okl djrh jgh gks axh fd enZ cnyus ls dks bZ iz ;ks tu fl¼ ugha gks rkA ?kj os Q Hkhrj jgrs gq , Hkh]

viuh e”khZ ls th yks] rks dkI + kQh gSA 'kknh os Q ckn eS a fcgkj os Q ,sls NksVs dLcs (Mkyfe;k uxj) esa jgh] tgk¡

enZ &vkS jrs a] pkgs ifr&iRuh D;ksa u gksa ] fiDpj ns[kus Hkh tkrs rks vyx&vyx nM+ cksa esa cSBrsA eS a fnYyh ls dkys t dh ukSdjh Nks M+dj ogk¡ igq ¡ph Fkh vkSj ukVdks a es a vfHku; djus dh 'kkS dhu jgh FkhA eS aus muos Q pyu ls gkj ugha ekuhA lkyHkj osQ Hkhrj] mUgha 'kknh'kqnk vkSjrks a dks ijk, enks ± osQ lkFk ukVd djus osQ fy, euk fy;kA vxys pkj lky rd geus dbZ ukVd fd,A vdky jkgr dks "k os Q fy,] mUgha osQ ekè;e ls iSlk Hkh bd _ k fd;kA

ogk¡ ls fudyh rks dukZ Vd os Q vkSj Hkh NksVs dLcs] ckxydks V es a igq ¡ p xbZ A

rc rd esjs nks cPps gks pq os Q Fks] tks Low Qy tkus yk;d mez ij igq ¡p jgs FksA ij ogk¡ dks bZ <ax dk LowQy ugha FkkA

yks xks a dh jk; ij] eSa us ikl os Q oS QFkks fyd fc'ki ls nj[okLr dh fd mudk fe'ku] ogk¡ osQ lhes a V dkj[kkus dh vkfFkZ d enn ls] gekjs dLcs es a ,d izkbejh Low Qy [kksy nsA igys mUgks a us dgk] pw ¡fd ml izns 'k esa fØf'p;u tula[;k de Fkh] blfy, os ogk¡ Low Qy [kksyus esa vleFkZ FksA eSa us xS j&fØf'p;u cPpks a dks Hkh

f'k{kk ikus os Q yk;d fl¼ djrs gq ,] viuk bljkj 1 tkjh j[kkA rc mUgksa us dgk] ¶ge dks f'k'k dj ldrs gS a] c'krs Z vki ges a ;dhu fnyk,¡ fd og LowQy] vxys

lkS cjlks a rd pyrk jgsxkA¸ eq >s xqLlk vk x;kA eSa us dgk] ¶LowQy dh NksfM+ ,]

fdlh os Q Hkh ckjs esa ;dhu ugha fnyk;k tk ldrk fd og vxys lkS cjl rd pys xkA¸ os Hkh xqLlk [kk x,] cksys] ¶[kqnk dk yk[k 'kqØ gS] cPpksa os Q u i<+

1- vkxz g •




ikus dh leL;k vkidh gS] esjh ugha A¸ ckr dM + q oh Fkh ij lkS IkQhlnh lpA lp os Q vkxs flj >q dkus dh gekjh cpiu dh vknr FkhA lks eS aus r; fd;k fd eS a [kqn] va xzs ”kh&¯gnh&dUuM+] rhu Hkk"kk,¡ i<+ kus okyk] iz kbejh Low Qy ogk¡ [kks yw¡ xh vkSj dukZ Vd ljdkj ls mls ekU;rk Hkh fnyokm¡QxhA ogk¡ osQ vus d esgurh vkSj

f[klosQ yks xks a dh enn ls ;g ozr iw jk gq vkA esjs cPps rFkk vU; vI + kQljksa osQ

cPps mlh LowQy es a i<+ sA ckn esa vyx&vyx 'kgjks a os Q vyx&vyx [;kr Low Qyks a esa nkf[kyk Hkh ik x,A

,s ls vus d ekSosQ vk,] tc eS aus vius f”kíhiu os Q uew us is'k fd,A ij lcls ”;knk] mlus ea p ik;k es js ys [ku es a] tks 'kq: ls vc rd yhd ls f[kldk] viuh jkg [kq n ryk'krk jgk gSA ij lc oq QN dj ys us ij Hkh] eSa viuh Nks Vh

cgu js .kq osQ eq dkfcy ugha igq ¡p ldrhA mUuhl lkS ipkl osQ va fre nkS j esa ] ,d jkr fnYyh es a ,d lkFk ukS ba p ckfj'k gks xbZ A fnYyh dh [kkfl;r ;g jgh gS fd Fkks M+ k ikuh cjlrs gh] ogk¡ osQ ukys&ijukyks a es a ck<+ vk tkrh gS] iqyks a osQ uhps ikuh Hkj tkrk gS vkSj reke ;krk;kr BIi gks tkrk gSA bl d;kerh ckfj'k osQ ckn rks ljdkjh nÝ + rjksa os Q igys rYyksa ls] I + kQkbys a ikuh es a rS j vkbZ Fkha A vxyh lq cg] fdlh rjg dk dks bZ okgu lM+ d ij ugha fudyk FkkA ”kkfgj gS fd js.kq os Q LowQy dh cl Hkh mls ys us ugha vkbZ A js .kq us dgk] dks bZ ckr ugha ] eS a iS ny pyh tkm¡ QxhA lcus le>k;k] LowQy ca n gks xk] er tkvksA mlus dgk] vkidks oS Qls irk\ bl loky dk ekow Qy 1 tokc fdlh osQ ikl ugha FkkA gekjs ;gk¡ I + kQks u ”k:j yxk gqvk FkkA Low Qy es a Hkh jgk gksxkA ij ckfj'k os Q pyrs] og BIi iM+ k gq vk FkkA rks js .kq vosQyh] iSny] Low Qy py nhA xuher ;g Fkh fd ckfj'k] ,deq 'r cjl ys us osQ ckn] Fke xbZ FkhA lM+dksa ij ikuh Fkk ij vkS j cjl ugha jgk FkkA rks js .kq nks ehy iS ny pydj Low Qy igq ¡phA tSlk geus dgk Fkk] og can

FkkA pkSdhnkj js.kq dks ns [k nax jg x;kA ij js.kq dks dks bZ eyky ugha FkkA og okil nks ehy pydj ?kj igq ¡ p xbZA lcus dgk] geus igys gh dgk FkkA

1- equkflc] vPNk •



26 Ñfrdk

mlus dgk] ¶Low Qy ca n Fkk rks eS a okil vk xbZ ] bles a vkidk dguk dgk¡ ls vk x;k\¸ lksprh gw ¡] oS Qls jks eka p dk vuq Hko gqvk gksxk mls] ml fnuA txg&txg ikuh

ls yc&yc djrs] lqulku 'kgj esa ] fupkV vosQys] viuh èkqu es a ] ea f”ky dh rjI + kQ pyrs pys tkukA lp] vos Qysiu dk e”kk gh oq QN vkSj gSA

i z'u&vH;kl i z'u&vH;kl i z'u&vH;kl i z'u&vH;kl i z'u&vH;kl

1- ys f[kdk us viuh ukuh dks dHkh ns [kk Hkh ugha fiQj Hkh muos Q O;fDrRo ls os D;ks a izHkkfor Fkha \

2- ysf[kdk dh ukuh dh vk”kknh os Q vkanks yu es a fdl iz dkj dh Hkkxhnkjh jgh\

3- ys f[kdk dh ek¡ ija ijk dk fuokZ g u djrs gq, Hkh lcos Q fnyksa ij jkt djrh FkhA bl dFku osQ vkyksd easμ

(d) ys f[kdk dh ek¡ dh fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A([k) ys f[kdk dh nknh osQ ?kj osQ ekgkSy dk 'kCn&fp=k va fdr dhft,A

4- vki viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k, fd ijnknh us irks gw osQ fy, igys cPps os Q :i es a yM+ dh iS nk gksus dh eUur D;ks a ek¡xh\

5- Mjkus&èkedkus] mins'k ns us ;k ncko Mkyus dh txg lgtrk ls fdlh dks Hkh lgh jkg ij yk;k tk ldrk gSμikB os Q vkèkkj ij roZQ lfgr mÙkj nhft,A

6- ^f'k{kk cPpk s a dk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gS*μ bl fn'kk esa ys f[kdk os Q iz ;klksa dk mYys [k dhft,A

7- ikB os Q vkèkkj ij fyf[k, fd thou es a oS Qls ba lkuks a dks vfèkd J¼k Hkko ls ns [kk tkrk gS\

8- ^lp] vos Qysiu dk e”kk gh oq QN vkS j gS *μbl dFku os Q vkèkkj ij ys f[kdk dh cgu ,oa ysf[kdk osQ O;fDrRo os Q ckjs esa s vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A



ekew yh rjg ls ltk gq vk ,d dejkA vanj osQ njok”ks ls

vkrs gq , ftu egk'k; dh ihB u”kj vk jgh gS os vèks M+ mez os Q ekyw e gks rs gS a ] ,d r[r dks idM+ s gq, ihNs dh vks j pyrs &pyrs dejs es a vkrs gS a A r[r dk nwljk fljk muosQ ukS dj us idM+ j[kk gS A

ckcw % vcs èkhjs&èkhjs py ---vc r[r dks mèkj eks M+ ns---mèkj---cl] cl! ukSdj % fcNk n¡w lkgc\ ckcw % (”kjk rs ”k vkok”k esa ) vkS j D;k djsxk\ ijekRek os Q ;gk¡ vDy c¡ V

jgh Fkh rks rw nsj ls igq ¡ pk Fkk D;k\---fcNk nw ¡ lkc!---vkS j ;g ilhuk fdlfy, cgk;k gS\

ukSdj % (r[r fcNkrk gS ) gh&gh&ghA ckcw % g¡ lrk D;ksa gS\---vcs] geus Hkh tokuh esa dljrs a dh gS a] dylks a ls

ugkrk Fkk yks Vks a dh rjgA ;g r[r D;k ph”k gS\---mls lhèkk dj ---;ks a ---gk¡ clA ---vkS j lq u] cgw th ls njh ek¡ x yk] blos Q mQij

txnh'k pa æ ekFkq j

• M M M M M jh<+ dh g jh<+ dh g jh<+ dh g jh<+ dh g jh<+ dh g Mh Mh Mh Mh Mh 3



28 Ñfrdk

fcNkus os Q fy,A p g j Hkh] dy tks èkks ch os Q ;gk¡ ls vkbZ gS] oghA(ukS dj tkrk gS A ckcw lkgc bl chp es a es ”kiks 'k Bhd djrs gS a A ,d >kM+u ls xq ynLrs dks lkI +kQ djrs gS aA oq QflZ ;ks a ij Hkh nks pkj gkFk yxkrs gS a A lglk ?kj dh ekyfdu iz sek vkrh gS a A xanqeh jax] Nks Vk dnA ps gjs vkSj vkok”k ls ”kkfgj gksrk gS fdlh dke es a

cgqr O;Lr gS a A muos Q ihNs &ihNs Hkhxh fcYyh dh rjg ukS dj vk jgk gS μ[kkyh gkFkA ckcw lkgc (jkeLo:i) nks uks a rjI +kQ ns [kus yxrs gS---)

iz s ek % eS a dgrh gw ¡ rq Egs a bl oDr /ks rh dh D;k ”k:jr iM+ xbZ ! ,d rks oS ls gh tYnh&tYnh es a ---

jkeLo:i % /ksrh\ iz s ek % gk¡ ] vHkh rks cnydj vk, gks] vkS j fiQj u tkus fdlfy,--- jkeLo:i % ys fdu rq els /ks rh ek¡ xh fdlus\ iz s ek % ;gh rks dg jgk Fkk jruA jkeLo:i % D;ks a cs jru] rs js dkuks a es a MkV yxh gS D;k\ eS a us dgk Fkkμ/ks ch os Q

;gk¡ ls tks píj vkbZ gS] mls ek¡ x yk---vc rs js fy, nw ljk fnekx dgk¡ ls ykm¡QA mYyw dgha dkA

iz s ek % vPNk] tk iw tkokyh dks Bjh es a ydM+ h os Q cDl os Q mQij /q ys gq , diM+ s j[ks gS a u! mUgha es a ls ,d píj mBk ykA

jru % vkS j njh\ iz s ek % njh ;gha rks jD[kh gS] dks us es a A og iM+ h rks gSA jkeLo:i % (njh mBkrs gq ,) vkS j chch th os Q dejs esa ls gfjeks fu;e mBk

yk] vkS j flrkj HkhA---tYnh tkA(jru tkrk gS A ifr&iRuh r[r ij njh fcNkrs gS a A) iz s ek % ys fdu og rq Egkjh ykM+ yh cs Vh rks eq ¡ g iq Qyk, iM+ h gSA



jh<+ dh g a h 29

jkeLo:i % eq ¡g iq Qyk,!---vkS j rqe mldh ek¡ ] fdl e”kZ dh nok gks\ tS ls&rS ls djos Q rks os yks x idM+ esa vk, gS a A vc rq Egkjh cs oow QI + kQh ls lkjh es gur cs dkj tk, rks eq >s nks "k er ns ukA

iz s ek % rks eS a gh D;k d:¡ \ lkjs tru djos Q rks gkj xbZ A rqEgha us mls i<+ k&fy[kkdj bruk flj p<+ k j[kk gSA esjh le> es a rks ;s

i<+ kbZ&fy[kkbZ os Q tatky vkrs ughaA viuk ”kekuk vPNk FkkA^vk bZ * i<+ yh] fxurh lh[k yh vkS j cgqr gq vk rks ^L=kh&lq cks fèkuh*

i<+ yhA lp iw Nks rks ^L=kh&lq cks f/uh* es a ,s lh&,s lh ckrs a fy[kh gS a μ,s lh ckrsa fd D;k rq Egkjh ch-,-] ,e-,- dh i<+ kbZ gks xhA vkS j vktdy os Q rks yPNu gh vuks [ks gS a ---

jkeLo:i % xz keks I + kQks u cktk gks rk gS u\ iz s ek % D;ksa\ jkeLo:i % nks rjg dk gks rk gSA ,d rks vkneh dk cuk;k gq vkA mls ,d ckj

pykdj tc pkgs rc jksd yksA vkS j nw ljk ijekRek dk cuk;k

gq vkA fjdkMZ ,d ckj p<+ k rks #dus dk uke ugha A iz s ek % gVks HkhA rq Egs a BBks yh gh lw >rh jgrh gSA ;g rks gks rk ugha fd ml viuh mek dks jkg ij ykrsA vc ns j gh fdruh jgh gS mu yks xks a

os Q vkus es a A jkeLo:i % rks gq vk D;k\ iz s ek % rq Egha us rks dgk Fkk fd ”kjk Bhd&Bkd djos Q uhps ykukA vktdy

rks yM+ dh fdruh gh lq anj gks] fcuk VheVke os Q Hkyk dkS u iw Nrk gS\ blh ekjs eS aus rks ikS Mj&okS Mj mlosQ lkeus j[kk FkkA ij mls rks bu ph”kks a ls u tkus fdl tUe dh uI + kQjr gSA es jk dguk Fkk fd

vk¡ py esa eq ¡ g yis Vdj ys V xbZ A HkbZ ] eS a ck”k vkbZ rq Egkjh bl yM+ dh ls! jkeLo:i % u tkus oS Qlk bldk fnekx gS! ojuk vktdy dh yM+ fd;ksa os Q

lgkjs rks ikS Mj dk dkjckj pyrk gSA



30 Ñfrdk

iz s ek % vjs eS a us rks igys gh dgk FkkA ba Vª s Ul gh ikl djk ns rsμyM+ dh vius gkFk jgrh] vkS j bruh ijs 'kkuh u mBkuh iM+ rhA ij rq e rks---

jkeLo:i % (ckr dkVdj) pqi pq i--- (njok”ks es a >k¡ drs gq ,) rq Egs a drbZ viuh ”kcku ij dkcw ugha gSA dy gh ;g crk fn;k Fkk fd mu

lc yks xks a os Q lkeus f”kØ vkS j <a x ls gks xkA exj rq e rks vHkh ls

lc&oqQN mxys ns rh gksA muosQ vkus rd rks u tkus D;k gky djks xh!

iz s ek % vPNk ckck] eS a u cks yw ¡ xhA tS lh rq Egkjh e”khZ gks] djukA cl eq >s rks esjk dke crk nksA

jkeLo:i % rks mek dks tS ls gks rS ;kj dj yksA u lgh ikS MjA oS ls dkS u cq jh gSA iku ysdj Hks t ns uk mlsA vkS j] uk'rk rks rS ;kj gS u\ (jru dk vkuk) vk x;k jru\---b/j yk] b/j! cktk uhps j[k nsA píj

[kks y---idM+ rks ”kjk m/j lsA(píj fcNkrs gS a A)

iz s ek % uk'rk rks rS ;kj gSA feBkbZ rks os yksx ”;knk [kk,¡ xs ugha A oqQN uedhu ph”ksa cuk nh gS a A iQy j[ks gS a ghA pk; rS ;kj gS] vkS j Vks LV HkhA exj gk¡ ] eD[ku\ eD[ku rks vk;k gh ugha A

jkeLo:i % D;k dgk\ eD[ku ugha vk;k\ rqEgs a Hkh fdl oDr ;kn vkbZ gSA tkurh gks fd eD[ku okys dh nq dku nw j gS] ij rq Egsa rks Bhd oDr ij dks bZ ckr lw >rh gh ugha A vc crkvks] jru eD[ku yk, fd ;gk¡ dk dke djsA n Ý + rj os Q pijklh ls dgk Fkk vkus os Q fy,] lks u[kjksa os Q ekjs---

iz sek % ;gk¡ dk dke dkS u ”;knk gS\ dejk rks lc Bhd&Bkd gS ghA cktk&flrkj vk gh x;kA uk'rk ;gk¡ cjkcj okys dejs es a Vªs es a j[kk gqvk gS] lks rqEgsa idM+ k nw¡ xhA ,dk/ ph”k [kq n ys vkukA bruh nsj esa jru eD[ku ys gh vk,xk---nks vkneh gh rks gS a A



jh<+ dh g a h 31

jkeLo:i % gk¡ ,d rks ckcw xksiky izlkn vkS j nwljk [kqn yM+ dk gSA ns [kks] mek ls dg nsuk fd ”kjk djhus ls vk,A ;s yksx ”kjk ,sls gh gS---xqLlk rks eq >s cgqr vkrk gS buosQ nfd;kuwlh [k;kyksa ijA [kq n i<+ s&fy[ks gSa ] odhy gS a] lHkk&lkslkbfV;ks a es a tkrs gS a] exj yM+dh pkgrs gS a ,s lh fd ”;knk i<+ h&fy[kh u gksA

iz s ek % vkS j yM+ dk\ jkeLo:i % crk;k rks Fkk rq Egs aA cki ls j gS rks yM+dk lok ls jA ch-,l-lh- os Q

ckn y[kumQ es a gh rks i<+ rk gS] es fMdy dkyst es aA dgrk gS fd 'kknh dk loky nwljk gS] rkyhe dk nw ljkA D;k d:¡ etcwjh gSA eryc viuk gS ojuk bu yM+dksa vkS j buosQ ckiks a dks ,s lh dks jh&dks jh lq ukrk fd ;s Hkh---

jru % (tks vc rd njok”ks os Q ikl pq ipki [kM+k gqvk Fkk] tYnh&tYnh) ckcw th] ckcw th!

jkeLo:i % D;k gS\

jru % dks bZ vkrs gSa A jkeLo:i % (njok”ks ls ckgj >k¡ ddj tYnh eq¡ g vanj djrs gq,) vjs] , iz s ek] os vk Hkh x,A (ukS dj ij u”kj iM+rs gh) vjs] rw ;gha [kM+ k gS] cs oow QI + kQA x;k ugha eD[ku ykus\ ---lc pkS iV dj fn;kA vcs m/j ls ugha] vanj osQ njok”ks ls tk (ukSdj vanj vkrk gS)---vkSj rqe tYnh djks iz sekA mek dks le>k nsuk Fkks M+k&lk xk ns xhA(iszek tYnh ls vanj dh rjI +kQ vkrh gS A mldh /ks rh ”kehu ij j[ks gq , ckts ls vVd tkrh gS A)

iz s ek % m¡ gA ;g cktk og uhps gh j[k x;k gS] dec[rA jkeLo:i % rq e tkvks] eSa j[ks ns rk gw ¡---tYnhA

(iz s ek tkrh gS ] ckcw jkeLo:i cktk mBkdj j[krs gS aA fdokM+ks a ij nLrdA)

jkeLo:i % g¡&g¡&g¡ A vkb,] vkb,---g¡ &g¡ &g¡ A



32 Ñfrdk

(ckcw xks iky izlkn vkS j muosQ yM+osQ 'kadj dk vkukA vk¡ [kksa ls yksd prq jkbZ Vidrh gSA vkok”k ls ekyw e gksrk gS fd dkI +kQh vuqHkoh vkSj fiQrjrh egk'k; gSaA mudk yM+dk oqQN [khl fuiks jus okys ukStokuksa es a ls gS A vkok”k iryh gS vkSj f[kfl;kgV HkjhA >q dh dej budh [kkfl;r gSA)

jkeLo:i % (vius nksuks a gkFk eyrs gq,) g¡&g¡] b/j r'kjhI + kQ ykb, b/jA(ckcw xksiky izlkn cSBrs gSa ] exj csa r fxj iM+rk gSA)

jkeLo:i % ;g cas r!---ykb, eq >s nhft,A (dks us esa j[k ns rs gS aA lc cS Brs gSa A) g¡ &g¡ ---edku <w¡ <+ us es a rdyhI + kQ rks ugha gq bZ \

xks- iz lkn % ([k¡ [kkj dj) ugha A rk¡ xs okyk tkurk FkkA---vkS j fiQj gesa rks ;gk¡ vkuk gh FkkA jkLrk feyrk oSQls ugha \

jkeLo:i % g¡&g¡ &g¡ A ;g rks vkidh cM+ h esgjckuh gSA eS aus vkidks rdyhI + kQ rks nh---

xks- izlkn % vjs ugha lkgc! tS lk es jk dke oS lk vkidk dkeA vkf[kj yM+osQ dh 'kknh rks djuh gh gSA cfYd ;ks a dfg, fd eS a us vkiosQ fy, [kklh ijs'kkuh dj nh!

jkeLo:i % g¡ &g¡ &g¡ ! ;g yhft,] vki rks eq>s dk¡Vksa esa ?klhVus yxsA ge rksvkiosQμg¡ &g¡ μlsod gh gSaμg¡ &g¡ A (FkksM+h nsj ckn yM+osQ dh vksj eq[kkfrc gksdj) vkSj dfg,] 'kadj ckcw] fdrus fnuksa dh

Nqf ^ ;k¡ gSa\ 'ka dj % th] dkfyt dh rks Nq f ^ ;k¡ ugha gS aA ohd&,.M* esa pyk vk;k FkkA jkeLo:i % vkios Q dks lZ [kRe gksus esa rks vc lkyHkj jgk gks xk\

'kadj % th] ;gh dks bZ lky nks lkyA jkeLo:i % lky nks lky\ 'kadj % g¡&g¡&g¡ ! ---th] ,dk/ lky dk êkftZ u* j[krk gw¡ ---



jh<+ dh g a h 33

xks- izlkn % ckr ;g gS lkgc fd ;g 'ka dj ,d lky chekj gks x;k FkkA D;k crk,¡ ] bu yksxksa dks blh mez es a lkjh chekfj;k¡ lrkrh gS a A ,d gekjk ”kekuk Fkk fd Low Qy ls vkdj ntZuksa dpkS fM+;k¡ mM+ k tkrsFks] exj fiQj tks [kkuk [kkus cSBrs rks oS lh&dh&oS lh gh Hkw[k!

jkeLo:i % dpkS fM+;k¡ Hkh rks ml ”kekus esa iS ls dh nks vkrh Fkha A xks- izlkn % tukc] ;g gky Fkk fd pkj iS ls es a <sj&lh ckykbZ vkrh FkhA vkS j

vosQys nks vkus dh g”ke djus dh rkdr Fkh] vosQys! vkS j vc rks cgq rsjs [ksy oxS jg Hkh gksrs gS a Low Qy esa A rc u dks bZ okW yh&ckW y tkurk Fkk] u Vsful u cSM¯eVuA cl dHkh gkW dh ;k foz Qos QV oq QN yksx [ks yk djrs Fks A exj etky fd dksbZ dg tk, fd ;g yM+ dk de”kksj gSA('ka dj vkSj jkeLo:i [khls a fuiksjrs gSa A)

jkeLo:i % th gk¡] th gk¡] ml ”kekus dh ckr gh nwljh Fkh---g¡&g¡ !

xks- iz lkn % (tks'khyh vkok”k es a) vkS j i<+ kbZ dk ;g gky Fkk fd ,d ckj oq QlhZ ij cSBs fd ckjg ?ka Vs dh fl¯Vx* gks xbZ ] ckjg ?ka Vs! tukc] eS a lp dgrk gw ¡ fd ml ”kekus dk eSfVªd Hkh og vaxz s”kh fy[krk Fkk I + kQjkZ Vs dh] fd vktdy os Q ,e-,- Hkh eqdkfcyk ugha dj

ldrsA jkeLo:i % th gk¡] th gk¡ ! ;g rks gS ghA xks- iz lkn % ekI + kQ dhft,xk ckcw jkeLo:i] ml ”kekus dh tc ;kn vkrh gS]

vius dks ”kCr djuk eq f'dy gks tkrk gS! jkeLo:i % g¡ &g¡ &g¡ !---th gk¡ og rks ja xhu ”kekuk Fkk] ja xhu ”kekukA g¡&g¡&g¡!

('ka dj Hkh gha &gha djrk gS A) xks- iz lkn % (,d lkFk viuh vkok”k vkS j rjhdk cnyrs gq ,) vPNk] rks

lkgc] ^fc”kus l* dh ckrphr gks tk,A



34 Ñfrdk

jkeLo:i % (pkS a ddj) fc”kus l\ fc”k---(le>dj) vks g---vPNk] vPNkA ys fdu ”kjk uk'rk rks dj yhft,A(mBrs gSa A)

xks- izlkn % ;g lc vki D;k rdYyq I + kQ djrs gS a! jkeLo:i % g¡&g¡&g¡! rdYyqI + kQ fdl ckr dk\ g¡ &g¡ ! ;g rks es jh cM+ h rdnhj

gS fd vki es js ;gk¡ r'kjhI + kQ yk,A ojuk eS a fdl dkfcy gw¡ A g¡μg¡!---ekI + kQ dhft,xk ”kjkA vHkh gkf”kj gqvkA(va nj tkrs gSa A)

xks- iz lkn % (Fkks M+h ns j ckn nch vkok”k esa ) vkneh rks Hkyk gSA edku&odku ls gS fl;r Hkh cq jh ugha ekyw e gks rhA irk pys] yM+ dh oS Qlh gSA

'ka dj % th---(oq QN [k¡[kkjdj b/j&m/j ns[krk gS A)

xks- iz lkn % D;ks a ] D;k gqvk\ 'ka dj % oq QN ugha A xks- izlkn % >q ddj D;ks a cSBrs gks\ C;kg r; djus vk, gks] dej lh/h djos Q

cS BksA rq Egkjs nksLr Bhd dgrs gSa fd 'ka dj dh ^cS dcksu*---(brus esa ckcw jkeLo:i vkrs gS a] gkFk esa pk; dh Vªs fy, gq,A es”k ij j[k nsrs gSa )

xks- iz lkn % vkf[kj vki ekus ughaA jkeLo:i % (pk; I;kys es a Mkyrs gq,) g¡&g¡ &g¡ ! vkidks foyk;rh pk; ila n

gS ;k ¯gnqLrkuh\ xks- izlkn % ugha &ugha lkgc] eq >s vk/k nw/ vkSj vk/h pk; nhft,A vkSj ”kjk

phuh ”;knk Mkfy,xkA eq >s rks HkbZ ;g u;k I + kS Q'ku ilan ugha A ,d rks oS ls gh pk; es a ikuh dkI + kQh gksrk gS] vkS j fiQj phuh Hkh uke os Q fy, Mkyh tk, rks ”kk;dk D;k jgsxk\

jkeLo:i % g¡ &g¡ ] dgrs rks vki lgh gS a A



jh<+ dh g a h 35

(I;kyk idM+krs gS aA) 'ka dj % ([k¡ [kkjdj) lq uk gS] ljdkj vc ”;knk phuh ysus okyksa ij

^VS Dl* yxk,xhA xks- iz lkn % (pk; ihrs gq,) gw ¡ A ljdkj tks pkgs lks dj ys] ij vxj vkenuh

djuh gS rks ljdkj dks cl ,d gh VS Dl yxkuk pkfg,A

jkeLo:i % ('ka dj dks I;kyk idM+krs gq,) og D;k\ xks- izlkn % [kwclw jrh ij VSDl! (jkeLo:i vkS j 'kadj g¡ l iM+rs gS a ) e”kkd

ugha lkgc] ;g ,slk VS Dl gS tukc fd nsus okys pw ¡ Hkh u djs axsA cl 'krZ ;g gS fd gj ,d vkS jr ij ;g NksM+ fn;k tk, fd og viuh [kwclw jrh osQ ^LVS aMMZ * osQ ekfI + kQd vius mQij VSDl r;

dj ysA fiQj nsf[k,] ljdkj dh oS Qlh vkenuh c<+ rh gSA jkeLo:i % (”kks j ls g¡lrs gq ,) okg&okg! [kw c lkspk vkius! okdbZ vktdy

;g [kw clwjrh dk loky Hkh cs <c gks x;k gSA ge yks xks a os Q ”kekus es a rks ;g dHkh mBrk Hkh u FkkA (r'rjh xksiky izlkn dh rjI +kQ c<+krs gSa ) yhft,A

xks- iz lkn % (leks lk mBkrs gq,) dHkh ugha lkgc] dHkh ughaA jkeLo:i % ('ka dj dh rjI +kQ eq [kkfrc gksdj) vkidk D;k [k;ky gS 'ka dj

ckcw\ 'ka dj % fdl ekeys esa \ jkeLo:i % ;gh fd 'kknh r; djus esa [kw clwjrh dk fgLlk fdruk gks uk

pkfg,A xks- iz lkn % (chp esa gh) ;g ckr nw ljh gS ckcw jkeLo:i] eS aus vkils igys

Hkh dgk Fkk] yM+ dh dk [kw clwjr gksuk fugk;r ”k:jh gSA oS Qls Hkh gks] pkgs ikmMj oxS jg yxk,] pkgs oS ls ghA ckr ;g gS fd ge vki eku Hkh tk,¡ ] exj ?kj dh vkSjrsa rks jk”kh ugha gks rha A vkidh

yM+ dh rks Bhd gS\



36 Ñfrdk

jkeLo:i % th gk¡] og rks vHkh vki ns [k yhft,xkA xks- izlkn % ns [kuk D;kA tc vkils bruh ckrphr gks pq dh gS] rc rks ;g jLe

gh lef>,A jkeLo:i % g¡&g¡ ] ;g rks vkidk esjs mQij Hkkjh vglku gSA g¡&g¡! xks- izlkn % vkSj tk;pk (tUei=k) rks fey gh x;k gks xkA jkeLo:i % th] tk;ps dk feyuk D;k eqf'dy ckr gSA Bkoq Qj th os Q pj.kks a

es a j[k fn;kA cl] [kqn&c&[kq n feyk gq vk lef>,A xks- izlkn % ;g Bhd dgk vkius] fcyoqQy Bhd (Fkks M+h ns j #ddj) ys fdu

gk¡ ] ;g tks es js dkuksa esa Hkud iM+ h gS] ;g rks xyr gS u\ jkeLo:i % (pkS a ddj) D;k\ xks- izlkn % ;g i<+ kbZ &fy[kkbZ os Q ckjs es a !---th gk¡] lkI + kQ ckr gS lkgc] ges a

”;knk i<+ h&fy[kh yM+dh ugha pkfg,A es e lkgc rks j[kuh ugha ] dkS u Hkqxrs xk muosQ u[kjksa dksA cl gn ls gn eS fVªd ikl gks uh

pkfg,---D;ks a 'kadj\ 'ka dj % th gk¡ ] dks bZ ukS djh rks djkuh ugha A jkeLo:i % ukSdjh dk rks dks bZ loky gh ugha mBrkA xks- izlkn % vkSj D;k lkgc! ns f[k, oqQN yks x eq >ls dgrs gS a ] fd tc vkius

vius yM+dksa dks ch-,-] ,e-,- rd i<+ k;k gS] rc mudh cgq ,¡ Hkh xzs tq,V yhft,A Hkyk iw fN, bu vDy os Q BsosQnkjksa ls fd D;k yM+ dks a dh i<+kbZ vkS j yM+ fd;ksa dh i<+ kbZ ,d ckr gSA vjs enks± dk dke rks gS gh i<+ uk vkS j dkfcy gks ukA vxj vkSjrsa Hkh ogh djus yxha ] va xzs ”kh v[kckj i<+ us yxha vkSj îkfyfVDl* oxSjg ij

cgl djus yxha rc rks gks pqdh x` gLFkhA tukc] eksj os Q ia[k gks rs gSa eks juh os Q ugha] 'ksj osQ cky gks rs gS a] 'ksjuh osQ ugha A

jkeLo:i % th gk¡] vkS j enZ os Q nk<+h gks rh gS] vkS jr osQ ugha A---g¡---g¡---g¡---!





38 Ñfrdk

xks- izlkn % i<+kbZ &o<+kbZ dh otg ls rks ugha gS oqQN\ jkeLo:i % ugha lkgc] og rks eS aus v”kZ fd;k uA xks- iz lkn % gw ¡ A (larq "V gks dj oqQN dks ey Loj esa ) cS Bks cs VhA jkeLo:i % ogk¡ cSB tkvks mek] ml r[r ij] vius ckts&okts os Q iklA

(mek cSBrh gS A)

xks- izlkn % pky esa rks oqQN [kjkch gS ughaA psgjs ij Hkh Nfo gSA--- gk¡ ] oqQN xkuk&ctkuk lh[kk gS\

jkeLo:i % th gk¡ ] flrkj Hkh] vkS j cktk HkhA lqukvks rks mek ,dkèk xhr flrkj os Q lkFkA(mek flrkj mBkrh gS A Fkks M+h ns j ckn ehjk dk e'kgwj xhr ês js rks fxjèkj xks iky nw ljks u dks bZ* xkuk 'kq: dj nsrh gS A Loj ls ”kkfgj gS fd xkus dk vPNk Kku gS A mlosQ Loj es a rYyhurk vk tkrh gS] ;gk¡ rd fd mldk eLrd mB tkrk gSA mldh vk¡ [ks a 'ka dj dh >s airh&lh vk¡[kks a ls fey tkrh gS a vkSj og xkrs&xkrs ,d lkFk

#d tkrh gS A) jkeLo:i % D;ks a] D;k gq vk\ xkus dks iw jk djks mekA xks- iz lkn % ugha&ugha lkgc] dkI + kQh gSA yM+dh vkidh vPNk xkrh gSA

(mek flrkj j[kdj va nj tkus dks mBrh gS A) xks- iz lkn % vHkh Bgjks] cs VhA jkeLo:i % FkksM+ k vkS j cS Bh jgks] mek! (mek cSBrh gSA) xks- iz lkn % (mek ls) rks rq eus isa ¯Vx&os a ¯Vx Hkh--- mek % (pq i) jkeLo:i % gk¡ ] og rks eS a vkidks crkuk Hkw y gh x;kA ;g tks rlohj V¡xh gq bZ

gS] oq QÙks okyh] blh us [khaph gSA vkS j og ml nhokj ij HkhA xks- izlkn % gw ¡! ;g rks cgqr vPNk gSA vkSj flykbZ oxS jg\ jkeLo:i % flykbZ rks lkjs ?kj dh blh osQ f”kEes jgrh gS] ;gk¡ rd fd esjh

deh”ks a HkhA g¡ ---g¡ ---g¡ A



jh<+ dh g a h 39

xks- izlkn % BhdA---ys fdu] gk¡ cs Vh] rq eus oqQN buke&fouke Hkh thrs gSa \(mek pq iA jkeLo:i b'kkjs osQ fy, [kk¡lrs gSa A ysfdu mek pqi gS mlh rjg xnZu >q dk,A xksiky izlkn vèkhj gks mBrs gS a vkS j jkeLo:i ldidkrs gS a A)

jkeLo:i % tokc nks] mekA (xksiky izlkn ls ) g¡ &g¡ ] ”kjk 'kjekrh gS] buke

rks blus--- xks- iz lkn % (”kjk :[kh vkok”k es a) ”kjk bls Hkh rks eq¡ g [kksyuk pkfg,A jkeLo:i % mek] ns [kks] vki D;k dg jgs gaSA tokc nks uA mek % (gydh ysfdu e”kcwr vkok”k esa) D;k tokc nw¡ ckcw th! tc

oqQlhZ&es”k fcdrh gS rc nqdkunkj oqQlhZ&es”k ls oqQN ugha iwNrk] flI + kZQ [kjhnkj dks fn[kyk nsrk gSA ilan vk xbZ rks vPNk gS] ojuk---

jkeLo:i % (pkSa ddj [kM+s gks tkrs gSa ) mek] mek! mek % vc eq>s dg ys us nhft, ckcw th!---;s tks egk'k; esjs [kjhnkj

cudj vk, gSa ] buls ”kjk iw fN, fd D;k yM+fd;ks a osQ fny ugha gks rk\ D;k muos Q pksV ugha yxrh\ D;k cs cl HksM+&cdfj;k¡ gSa ] ftUgs a dlkbZ vPNh rjg ns[k&Hkkydj---\

xks- iz lkn % (rko es a vkdj) ckcw jkeLo:i] vkius es jh b””kr mrkjus os Q fy, eq>s ;gk¡ cq yk;k Fkk\

mek % (rs”k vkok”k esa) th gk¡] vkSj gekjh csb””krh ugha gksrh tksvki bruh nsj ls uki&rksy dj jgs gSa\ vkSj ”kjk vius bu

lkgc”kkns ls iwfN, fd vHkh fiNyh iQjojh esa ;s yM+fd;ksa

osQ gksLVy osQ bnZ&fxnZ D;ksa ?kwe jgs Fks] vkSj ogk¡ ls oSQlsHkxk, x, Fks! 'kadj % ckcw th] pfy,A xks- izlkn % yM+fd;ksa osQ gks LVy esa \---D;k rqe dkys t es a i<+ h gks\



40 Ñfrdk

(jkeLo:i pq i!) mek % th gk¡] dkyst esa i<+ h gw ¡A eS a us ch-,- ikl fd;k gSA dks bZ iki ugha

fd;k] dksbZ pksjh ugha dh] vkSj u vkiosQ iq=k dh rjg rkd&>k¡ d dj dk;jrk fn[kkbZ gSA eq >s viuh b””kr] vius eku dk [k;ky rks gSA ysfdu buls iw fN, fd ;s fdl rjg ukSdjkuh osQ iSjks a

iM+dj viuk eq ¡g fNikdj Hkkxs FksA jkeLo:i % mek] mek\ xks- iz lkn % ([kM+ s gks dj xq Lls esa ) cl gks pqdkA ckcw jkeLo:i] vkius es js

lkFk nxk fd;kA vkidh yM+dh ch-,- ikl gS vkS j vkius eq>ls dgk Fkk fd flI + kZ Q eS fVª d rd i<+ h gSA ykb,---es jh NM+h dgk¡ gS\ eS a pyrk gw¡ (cs sa r <w¡ <+dj mBkrs gS aA) ch-,- ikl\ mÝ + I + kQksg! x”kc gks tkrk! >w B dk Hkh oq QN fBdkuk gSA vkvks cs Vs] pyks---(njok”ks dh vks j c<+rs ga S A)

mek % th gk¡ ] tkb,] ”k:j pys tkb,A ysfdu ?kj tkdj ”kjk ;g irk

yxkb,xk fd vkios Q ykM+ ys cs Vs os Q jh<+ dh g a h Hkh gS ;k ugha μ;kuh cS dcks u] cSdcks u!(ckcw xks iky izlkn os Q ps gjs ij csclh dk xqLlk gS vkSj muosQ yM+os Q os Q :yklkiuA nks uka s ckgj pys tkrs gS aA ckcw jkeLo:i oq QlhZ ij èke ls cS B tkrs gS a A mek lglk pqi gks tkrh gS A izs ek dk ?kcjkgV dh gkyr es a vkukA)

iz s ek % mek] mek---jks jgh gS!



jh<+ dh g a h 41

(;g lqudj jkeLo:i [kM+ s gks rs gS aA jru vkrk gS A) jru % ckcw th] eD[ku---

(lc jru dh rjI +kQ ns [krs gS a vkS j ijnk fxjrk gS A)


1- jkeLo:i vkSj xksiky iz lkn ckr&ckr ij ¶,d gekjk ”kekuk Fkk---¸ dgdj vius le; dh rq yuk orZeku le; ls djrs gS aA bl izdkj dh rqyuk djuk dgk¡ rd roZQla xr gS\

2- jkeLo:i dk viuh cs Vh dks mPp f'k{kk fnyokuk vkS j fookg os Q fy, fNikuk] ;g fojksèkkHkkl mudh fdl foo'krk dks mtkxj djrk gS\

3- viuh cs Vh dk fj'rk r; djus os Q fy, jkeLo:i mek ls ftl iz dkj os Q O;ogkj dh vis {kk dj jgs gSa ] og mfpr D;ks a ugha gS\

4- xksiky iz lkn fookg dks ^fc”kusl* ekurs gSa vkS j jkeLo:i viuh cs Vh dh mPp f'k{kk fNikrs gSa A D;k vki ekurs gSa fd nks uks a gh leku :i ls vijkèkh gSa \ vius fopkj fy[ks aA

5- ¶---vkios Q ykM+ ys cs Vs dh jh<+ dh g a h Hkh gS ;k ugha ---¸ mek bl dFku os Q ekè;e ls 'ka dj dh fdu dfe;ks a dh vks j la os Qr djuk pkgrh gS\

6- 'kadj tS ls yM+ os Q ;k mek tS lh yM+ dhμlekt dks oS Qls O;fDrRo dh ”k:jr gS\ roZ Q lfgr mÙkj nhft,A

7- ^jh<+ dh g a h* 'kh"kZ d dh lkFkZdrk Li"V dhft,A

8- dFkkoLrq osQ vkèkkj ij vki fdls ,dka dh dk eq [; ik=k ekurs gS a vkS j D;ks a\

9- ,dka dh os Q vkèkkj ij jkeLo:i vkS j xksiky iz lkn dh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A

10- bl ,dkadh dk D;k mís '; gS\ fyf[k,A

11- lekt es a efgykvksa dks mfpr xfjek fnykus gsrq vki dkS u&dkS u ls iz ;kl dj ldrs gS a\ss



ekVh okyh ekVh okyh ekVh okyh ekVh okyh ekVh okyh

'kgj os Q ls ey dk rIiM+ eks gYys dh vksj cus vkf[kjh ?kj dh [kks yh esa igq¡ pdj mlus nks uks a gkFkks a dh enn ls vius flj ij /jk cks>k uhps mrkjkA fe ^ h ls Hkjk ,d oaQVj 1A ekVh okyhA fVgjh 'kgj es a 'kk;n ,slk dksbZ ?kj ugha gksxk ftls og u tkurh gks ;k tgk¡ mls u tkurs gksa ] ?kj os Q oqQy fuoklh] cjlks a ls ogk¡ jgrs vk jgs fdjk,nkj] muos Q cPps rydA ?kj&?kj esa yky fe ^ h ns rs jgus osQ ml dke dks djus okyh og vosQyh gSA mldk dks bZ iz fr}a}h ugha A mlos Q cxS j rks yxrk gS] fVgjh 'kgj os Q dbZ ,d ?kjks a es a pw Ygksa dk tyuk rd eq f'dy gks tk,xkA og u jgs rks yks xks a os Q lkeus jlksbZ vkS j Hkkstu dj ysus osQ ckn vius pw Ygs&pkS os Q dh fyikbZ djus dh leL;k iS nk gks tk,xhA Hkks tu tq Vkus

vkSj [kkus dh rjg jks”k dh ,d leL;kA ?kj es a lkI + kQ] yky fe ^ h rks gj gkyr es a ekS tw n jguh pkfg,A pw Ygs&pkS dks a dks yhius osQ vykok lky&nks lky es a edku

1- duLrj

4

•

fo|klkxj ukS fV;ky

•



ekVh okyh 43

os Q dejks aa ] nhokjks a dh xkscjh&fyikbZ djus osQ fy, Hkh yky ekVh dh ”k:jr iM+ rh jgrh gSA 'kgj os Q va nj dgha ekVk[kku gS ugha A HkkxhjFkh vkS j Hkhykaxuk] nks ufn;ks a os Q rVks a ij cls gq , 'kgj dh fe ^ h bl dnj js rhyh gS fd mlls pw Ygks a dh fyikbZ dk dke ugha fd;k tk ldrkA vkus okys u,&u, fdjk,nkj Hkh ,d ckj vius ?kj os Q vk¡ xu es a mls ns [k ysrs gSa rks vius vki ekVh okyh osQ xz kgd cu tkrs gSaA ?kj&?kj tkdj ekVh cspus okyh ukVs dn dh ,d gfjtu cqf<+ ;kμekVh okyhA

'kgjoklh fl- iZQ ekVh okyh dks ugha] mlosQ oaQVj dks Hkh vPNh rjg igpkurs gSaA jíh diM+s dks eksM+dj cuk, x, ,d xksy fMYys1 osQ mQij yky] fpduh fe ^ h ls Nqycqy Hkjk duLrj fVdk jgrk gSA mlosQ mQij fdlh us dHkh dksbZ <Ddu yxk gqvk ugha ns[kkA vius oaQVj dks bLrseky esa ykus ls igys og mlosQ mQijh <Ddu dks dkVdj fudky isaQdrh gSA <Ddu os Q u jgus ij oaQVj osQ vanj fe ^ h Hkjus vkSj fiQj mls [kkyh djus esa

vklkuh jgrh gSA mlosQ oaQVj dks ”kehu ij j[krs&j[krs lkeus osQ ?kj ls ukS&nl lky dh ,d NksVh yM+dh dkfeuh nkSM+rh gqbZ ogk¡ igq¡ph vkSj mlosQ lkeus [kM+h gks xbZA

¶esjh ek¡ us dgk gS] ”kjk gekjs ;gk¡ Hkh vk tkukA¸¶vHkh vkrh gw¡A¸

?kj dh ekyfdu us ekVh okyh dks vius oa QVj dh ekVh dPps vk¡xu osQ ,d dks us ij mM+ sy ns us dks dg fn;kA

¶rw cgq r HkkX;oku gSA pk; os Q VS e ij vkbZ gS gekjs ?kjA HkkX;oku vk, [kkrs oDrA¸

og viuh jlks bZ esa xbZ vkS j nks jks fV;k¡ ys rh vkbZA jksfV;k¡ mls lkS aidj og fiQj viuh jlks bZ eas ?kql xbZ A

1- flj ij cks>s osQ uhps j[kus osQ fy, diM+ s dh xíh •



44 Ñfrdk

ekVh okyh osQ ikl vius vPNs ;k cq js HkkX; osQ ckjs esa ”;knk lkspus dk oDr ugha FkkA ?kj dh ekyfdu osQ va nj tkrs gh ekVh okyh us b/j&m/j rs”k fuxkgsa nkS M+ kb±A gk¡] bl oDr og vos Qyh FkhA mls dks bZ ns [k ugha jgk FkkA mlus- iQkSju vius flj ij /js fMYys osQ diM+ s os Q eks M+ka s dks gM+ cM+ h es a ,d >Vos Q es a

[kksyk vkS j mls lh/k dj fn;kA fiQj bdgjkA [kq y tkus os Q ckn og ,d iq jkuh pknj osQ ,d iQVs gq, diM+ s os Q :i es a izdV gq vkA

ekyfdu osQ ckgj vk¡xu esa fudyus ls igys mlus pqios Q ls vius gkFk es a Fkkeh nks jks fV;ksa es a ls ,d jksVh dks eks M+k vkS j mls diM+s ij yisVdj xk¡B ck¡/

nhA lkFk gh viuk eq ¡ g ;ks a gh pykdj [kkus dk fn[kkok djus yxhA ?kj dh ekyfdu ihry os Q ,d fxykl esa pk; ys dj ykSVhA mlus og fxykl cq f<+ ;k os Q ikl ”kehu ij j[k fn;kA

¶ys] lík&cklh lkx oq QN gS ugha vHkhA blh pk; os Q lkFk fuxy tkA¸ ekVh okyh us [kq ys diM+s os Q ,d Nksj ls iw jh xks ykbZ esa idM+dj ihry dk

og xje fxykl gkFk esa mBk fy;kA vius gks aBksa ls fxykl osQ fdukjs dks Nq vkus ls igys] 'kq :&'kq : esa mlus mlosQ vanj j[kh xje pk; dks Ba Mk djus osQ fy, lw &lw djos Q] ml ij ya ch&ya ch iwQ¡ os aQ ekjha A rc jks Vh os Q VqdM+ks a dks pckrs gq, èkhjs&èkhjs pk; lq M+dus yxhA

¶pk; rks cgqr vPNk lkx gks tkrh gS BoqQjkbuthA¸¶Hkw [k rks vius es a ,d lkx gks rh gS cqf<+;kA Hkw [k ehBh fd Hkks tu ehBk\¸¶rqeus vHkh rd ihry osQ fxykl l¡ Hkkydj j[ks gS aA iwjs ck”kkj es a vkSj

fdlh ?kj esa vc ugha fey ldrs ;s fxyklA¸¶buos Q [kjhnkj dbZ ckj gekjs ?kj osQ pDdj dkVdj ykSV x,A iqj[kksa

dh xk<+h dekbZ ls gkfly dh xbZ ph”kksa dks gjke osQ Hkko cspus dks esjk fny xokgh ugha nsrkA gesa D;k ekywe oSQlh raxh osQ fnuksa esa viuh thHk ij dksbZ Lokfn"V] pViVh ph”k j[kus osQ ctk; eu elksldj nks&nks iSls tek



ekVh okyh 45

djrs jgus osQ ckn [kjhnh gksaxh mUgksaus ;s reke ph”ksa] ftudh gekjs yksxksa dh u”kjksa esa vc dksbZ dher ugha jg xbZ gSA ck”kkj esa tkdj ihry dk Hkko iwNks ”kjk] nke lqudj fnekx pdjkus yxrk gSA vkSj ;s O;kikjh gekjs ?kjksa ls gjke osQ Hkko bd _ k dj ys tkrs gSa] reke crZu&Hkk¡MsA dk¡ls osQ cjru Hkh xk;c gks x, gSa] lc ?kjksa lsA¸

¶bruh ya ch ckr ugha lks prs ckdh yksxA vc ftl ?kj esa tkvks ogk¡ ;k rks LVhy os Q Hkk¡Ms fn[kkbZ nsrs gS a ;k fiQj dk¡ p vkS j phuh fe ^ h os QA¸

¶viuh ph”k dk eksg cgq r cq jk gks rk gSA eS a rks lks pdj ikxy gks tkrh gw ¡ fd vc bl mej esa bl 'kgj dks Nks M+dj ge tk,¡ xs dgk¡!¸

¶BoqQjkbu th] tks ”kehu&tk;nknksa os Q ekfyd gS a] os rks dgha u dgha fBdkus ij tk,¡xs ghA ij eS a lksprh gw ¡ es jk D;k gksxk! es jh rj- iQ ns [kus okyk rks dksbZ Hkh ughaA¸

pk; [kRe dj ekVh okyh us ,d gkFk esa viuk diM+ k mBk;k] nwljs es a [kkyh

oa QVj vkSj [kksyh ls ckgj fudydj lkeus os Q ?kj es a pyh xbZ A ml ?kj esa Hkh ^dy gj gkyr esa fe ^ h ys vkus* osQ vkns 'k os Q lkFk mls nks

jks fV;k¡ fey xb± A mUgs a Hkh mlus vius diM+s os Q ,d nwljs Nksj es a ck¡ / fy;kA yks x tkus a rks tkus a fd og ;s jks fV;k¡ vius cq b s os Q fy, ys tk jgh gSA mlosQ ?kj igq¡ prs gh v'kDr cq b k dkrj u”kjksa ls mldh vksj ns [kus yxrk gSA og ?kj es a jlks bZ cuus dk ba r”kkj djus yxrk gSA vkt og ?kj igq¡ prs gh rhu jks fV;k¡ vius cq b s osQ gokys dj ns xhA jksfV;ksa dks ns [krs gh psgjk f[ky mBs xk cq b s dkA

lkFk es a ,slk Hkh cks y ns xh] ¶lkx rks oq QN gS ugha vHkhA¸vkS j rc mls tokc lq ukbZ ns xk] ¶Hkw[k ehBh fd Hkks tu ehBk\¸

mldk xk¡ o 'kgj os Q bruk ikl Hkh ugha gSA fdruk gh rs ”k pyks fiQj Hkh ?kj igq¡ pus es a ,d ?kaVk rks yx gh tkrk gSA jks”k lq cg fudy tkrh gS og vius ?kj lsA iwjk fnu ekVk[kku es a fe ^ h [kksnus] fiQj fofHkUu LFkkuksa esa iS Qys ?kjksa rd mls



46 Ñfrdk

<ksus es a chr tkrk gSA ?kj igq ¡pus ls igys jkr f?kjus yxrh gSA mlos Q ikl viuk dks bZ [ksr ughaA ”kehu dk ,d Hkh Vq dM+k ugha A >ksa iM+ h] ftles a og xq”kkjk djrh gS] xk¡o osQ ,d BkoqQj dh ”kehu ij [kM+h gSA mldh ”kehu ij jgus dh ,o”k esa ml Hkys vkneh os Q ?kj ij Hkh ekVh okyh dks dbZ rjg os Q dkeksa dh cs xkj djuh gks rh gSA

ugha] vkt og ,d xBjh esa cny x, vius cq b s dks dksjh jksfV;k¡ ugha nsxhA ekVh cspus ls gqbZ vkenuh ls mlus ,d iko I;k”k [kjhn fy;kA I;k”k dks owQVdj og mUgsa tYnh&tYnh ry ysxhA cq b s dks igys jksfV;k¡ fn[kk,xh gh ughaA lC”kh rS;kj gksrs gh ijksl nsxh mlosQ lkeus nks jksfV;k¡A vc og nks jksfV;k¡ Hkh ugha [kk ldrkA ,d gh jksVh [kk ik,xk ;k gn ls gn Ms<+A vc mls ”;knk ugha iprkA ckdh cph Ms<+ jksfV;ksa ls ekVh okyh viuk dke pyk ysxhA ,d jksVh rks mlosQ isV esa igys gh tek gks pqdh gSA eu esa ;g lc lksprh] fglkc yxkrh gqbZ og vius ?kj ig¡qp xbZA

mlos Q cq b s dks vc jksVh dh dksbZ ”k:jr ugha jg xbZ FkhA ekVh okyh os Q ik¡oks a dh vkgV lqudj ges 'kk dh rjg vkt og pkS adk ughaA mlus viuh u”kjsa mldh vksj ugha ?kqekb± A ?kcjkbZ gq bZ ekVh okyh us mls Nw dj ns [kkA og viuh ekVh dks

Nks M+dj tk pq dk FkkA fVgjh ck¡ / iquokZl os Q lkgc us mlls iwNk fd og jgrh dgk¡ gSA¶rqe rglhy ls vius ?kj dk iz ek.ki=k ys vkukA¸¶esjh ftuxh rks bl 'kgj os Q reke ?kjksa esa ekVh ns rs xq ”kj xbZ lkcA¸¶ekVh dgk¡ ls ykrh gks\¸¶ekVk[kku ls ykrh gw ¡ ekVhA¸¶og ekVk[kku p<+ h gS rs js uke\ vxj gS rks ge rs jk uke fy[k ns rs gSa A¸¶ekVk[kku rks es jh jks”kh gS lkgcA¸¶cq f<+ ;k ges a ”kehu dk dkx”k pkfg,] jks”kh dk ugha A¸



ekVh okyh 47

¶ck¡/ cuus os Q ckn eS a D;k [kkm¡Qxh lkc\¸¶bl ckr dk iS Qlyk rks ge ugha dj ldrsA og ckr rks rq>s [kqn gh r;

djuh iM+ sxhA¸ fVgjh ck¡/ dh nks

lq ja xks a dks can dj fn;k x;k gSA 'kgj esa ikuh Hkjus yxk gSA 'kgj es a vkikèkkih eph gSA 'kgjoklh vius ?kjks a dks NksM+ dj ogk¡ lsHkkxus yxs gS aA ikuh Hkj

tkus ls lcls igys oq Qy 'e'kku ?kkV Mw c x, gS aA

ekVh okyh viuh

>ksiM+h osQ ckgj cS Bh gSA xk¡ o os Q gj vkus &tkus okys ls ,d gh ckr dgrh tk jgh gSμ¶xjhc vkneh dk 'e'kku ugha mtM+uk pkfg,A¸



48 Ñfrdk


1- ^'kgjoklh flI + kZ Q ekVh okyh dks ugha ] mlos Q oa QVj dks Hkh vPNh rjg igpkurs gS a A* vkidh le> ls os dkS u ls dkj.k jgs gksa xs ftuosQ jgrs êkVh okyh* dks lc igpkurs Fks\

2- ekVh okyh osQ ikl vius vPNs ;k cqjs HkkX; osQ ckjs esa ”;knk lkspus dk le; D;ksa ugha Fkk\

3- ^Hkw [k ehBh fd Hkks tu ehBk* ls D;k vfHkiz k; gS\

4- îq j[kks a dh xk<+ h dekbZ ls gkfly dh xbZ ph”kks a dks gjke os Q Hkko cs pus dks es jk fny xokgh ugha ns rkA*μekyfdu osQ bl dFku os Q vkyks d es a fojklr osQ ckjs es a vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A

5- ekVh okyh dk jks fV;ksa dk bl rjg fglkc yxkuk mldh fdl etcw jh dks iz dV djrk gS\

6- vkt ekVh okyh cq b s dks dks jh jks fV;k¡ ugha ns xhμbl dFku os Q vk/kj ij ekVh okyh os Q ân; osQ Hkkoksa dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

7- ^xjhc vkneh dk 'ke'kku ugha mtM+uk pkfg,A* bl dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A8- ^foLFkkiu dh leL;k* ij ,d vuq PNsn fyf[k,A



,d ,s lh ckrμ,d ,s lk tq eyk 1μeq >ls dg fn;k x;k Fkk fd eS a ftl gkyr es a Fkk] mlh gkyr es a vkS j tks oq QN ik¡ p&lkr #i;s es js ikl Fks] mUgha dks ys dj fnYyh os Q fy, igyh gh cl tks eq >s feyrh Fkh] pq ipki mlh ij p<+ k vkS j py fn;kA

r; dj fy;k fd gk¡] vc eq >s tks Hkh dke djuk gS] djuk 'kq: dj ns uk pkfg,! fny esa ] fnekx esa ] ;gh lek;k gqvk Fkk fd og dkeμis a ¯Vx gS_ blh dh f'k{kk vc eq >s ysuh gS vkSj I + kQkS juA mdhy vkVZ LowQy dk uke Hkj eS aus lq u j[kk Fkk_ fnYyh esa dgk¡ gS] ;g irk u Fkk---[kSj] fdLlk eq [rlj 2 fd es jk bfErgku

ysdj vkS j es jk 'kkS d ns[kdj eq >s fcyk&I + kQhl osQ HkrhZ dj fy;k x;kA

eSaus nks&rhu txgksa osQ ckn djksy ckx esa ycs&lM+d 3

,d dejk fy;k vkSj jks”kkuk ogk¡ ls dukV Iysl dks lqcg dh Dykl esa igq¡pus yxkA

1- okD; 2- la f{kIr] lkj:i 3- lM+d os Q fdukjs

fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa fganh es a vk;k

5

•

'ke'ks j cgknqj ¯lg

]

•



50 Ñfrdk

'ke'ksj dh ,d dykÑfr



fdl rjg vkf[kjdkj eSa ¯gnh es a vk;k 51

jkLrs esa dHkh&dHkh pyrs&pyrs Mª kba x Hkh cukrk vkSj dHkh&dHkh ;k lkFk&lkFk dfork,¡ Hkh fy[krkA bldk ”kjk Hkh [k;ky ;k ogeks &xq eku u Fkk fd ;s dfork,¡ dHkh iz dkf'kr gks axhA cl] eu dh ekS t ;k rja x ;k dks bZ Vhl&lh FkhA pquk¡ ps1

vaxz s”kh es aμtS lh Hkh oq QN vkS j mnw Z esa (x”ky 2 os Q 'ks j 3) fy[krkA vkS j gj ph”k vkSj gj psgjs dks cxkS j ns[krk fd mles a viuh Mª kbax osQ fy, D;k rRo [kks t

ldrk gw ¡ ;k ik ldrk g¡w ;k ik low¡ QxkA vk¡[ksa Fkd tkrh Fkha ] cgq r Fkd tkrh Fkha] exj ml [kkst dk] gj ph”k vkS j ps gjs vkSj n'; ;k fLFkfr vkSj xfr dk] viuk fof'k"V vkd"kZ.k de u gksrk FkkA cl vk¡[kksa dh gh etcwjh FkhA dHkh&dHkh rst cgknqj (es js HkkbZ) oq QN #i;s Hks t ns rs Fks ;k lkbucks MZ is aV djosQ oq QN lgkjk dj ys rk FkkA es js lkFk ,d i=kdkj egksn; Hkh vkdj jgus yxs Fks_ egkjk"Vª h_ csdkj Fks] rhl&pkyhl os Q chp esa _ og bykgkckn ;w fuoflZ Vh os Q gks LVyksa dk dHkh&dHkh f”kØ djrsA ^bykgkckn] ekbZ ohdus l!*

va nj ls es jk ân; cgq r mf}Xu jgrkA ;|fi vius dks n` ';ks a vkS j fp=kks a es a [kks nsus dh eq >es a 'kfDr Fkh_ exj vanj ls nq [kh FkkA iRuh dk nsgkar] Vh-ch- ls] gks pqdk FkkA fnYyh dh lM+dksa ij vosQykA ,dne vosQykA vkSj cl] ?kw erk&?kwerk] dfork,¡ ?klhVrk ;k LosQp_ vkS j viuh [kks yh es a vkdj---viuk vos Qykiu [kksdj cksj gks rkA

es js dfo fe=k vkS j ch-,- os Q lgikBh ujs a nz 'kekZ ,e-,- dj pq os Q Fks vkS j fnYyh es a ,d ckj muls eq dkyr Hkh gq bZ FkhA irk ugha og dka xz s l dh jktuhfr es a la yXu Fks ;k dks bZ i=kdkjh olhyk 4 [kks t jgs FksA rHkh ,d ckj cPpu LVw fM;ks es a vk,A Dykl [kRe gks pqdh FkhA eS a tk pq dk FkkA og ,d uks V Nks M+ x, es js fy,A eq>s ugha ;kn fd mlesa D;k fy[kk Fkk_ exj og ,d cgq r eq [rlj&lk

vkS j vPNk&lk uks V FkkA eS a us dgha cgq r xgjkbZ ls vius dks ÑrK eglw l fd;kA

1- vr%] blfy,] bl iz dkj 2- I + kQkjlh vkS j mnw Z esa eqDrd dkO; dk ,d izdkj 3- x”ky os Q nks pj.k 4- ”kfj;k] lgkjk

•



52 Ñfrdk

es jh cgq r gh cq jh vknr gS] i=kksa dk tokc u ns ukA pkgs lS dM+ ks a tokc ck”k i=kks a os Q eu&gh&eu fy[k&fy[kdj gok esa lk¡l osQ lkFk fc[kjkrk jg¡w dbZ fnuksa rd---! rks es js bl ekS u dh ^miyfCèk* es jh ÑrKrk dks O;Dr djrh gq bZ ] ,d dfork mHkjh] va xz s ”kh es a (v- iQlks l!)] ,d lkW usV 1 (og Hkh vrq dka r eqDrNan 2

es a m- iQ!) exj mudks fy[k ys us os Q ckn eS a us viuk tokc mudks xks ;k 3 Hkst fn;kA dbZ eghus fudy x, vkS j ?kVukpØ ls eS a ns gjknw u vk x;kA viuh llq jky

dh os QfeLV~ Lk ,a M Mª fxLV~l dh nq dku ij oa Qikma Mjh lh[kus yxk vkS j vPNh&[kklh egkjr eq >s Vs <+ s&es <+ s] vtw ck bckjr 4 es a fy[ks uq L[kks a dks i<+ ldus dh gks xbZ A

mlh o"kZ xq #oj Jh 'kkjnkpj.k th mdhy us ns gjknw u es a gh is a Vx Dykl [kks y yh Fkh] esjs lkSHkkX; lsA (;g es js ns gjknw u ykSVus dk cgkuk Fkk) og ca n gks xbZ rks eS a vdlj lks prk fd dfork vkSj dyk dh nq fu;k esa μtks vc rd es jh ,dkar nq fu;k jgh Fkh] fdlh ls mls xj”k ugha vkSj vc Hkh cgq r oqQN oS lh gh ckr gSμvc eSa dgk¡ gw ¡ \ es jh vka rfjd fnypfLi;ksa ls fdlh dks fnypLih ugha Fkh

vkSj eS a eq ¡ g [kksydj oqQN ugha dg ldrk Fkk fdlh lsA vius ls cM+ks a dk] xq #tuks a dk vnc&fygk”k] muosQ lkeus eq¡ g u [kks yuk] 'kk;n es jh ?kq ^ h es a iM+ k FkkA viuh cgq r gh vka rfjd ,dkafrdrk 5 dk eS a vH;klh rks gks x;k Fkk] exj vanj ls cgqr f[kUu vkS j nq[kh Fkk vkSj ifjfLFkfr os Q lkFk lkea tL; cS Bkus dh

dks f'k'k dj jgk FkkA drZ O;] tgk¡ rd gks ldrk FkkA---,sls es a u tkus D;ks a ,d fnu] ;ks a gh] ogh lkWus V eSa us cPpu dks iksLV dj fn;kA cPpu xfeZ ;ksa dh Nq f ^ ;ks a esa (lu~ 37) ns gjknwu vk,] cz teksgu xqIr osQ ;gk¡ BgjsA bfÙkI + kQkd 6 ns f[k, fd ;gh (vc MkWDVj) czteksgu xqIr esjs HkkbZ osQ fe=k vkSj muosQ firk th esjs firk th os Q iM+ ks lh vkSj fe=k jg pqosQ Fks] ns gjknwu esa ghA cz teks gu os Q lkFk

cPpu fMLis aljh esa vkdj eq >ls feys] ,d fnu es geku Hkh jgsA

1- ;w jksih; dfork dk ,d yks dfiz ; Nan ftldk iz;ksx gnh dfo;ks a us Hkh fd;k gS 2- ijaijkxr Na n os Q ca èku ls eq Dr dfork 3- ekuks] tS ls 4- okD; dh cukoV 5- ,dkdhiu 6- la ;ks x

•




og cPpu dh 'kq: dh /we dk ”kekuk FkkA izcy >a>kokr lkFkh!* nsgjknwu osQ mlh lky dh ;knxkj gS] fdl ”kksj dh vk¡/h vkbZ Fkh] mI + kQ! fdrus cM+s&cM+s isM+ fcNs iM+s Fks lM+dksa ij] Vhu dh Nrsa dh Nrsa mM+ xbZ FkhaA vkSj cPpu mlh vk¡/h&ckfj'k esa ,d fxjrs gq, isM+ osQ uhps vk tkus ls cky&cky cps Fks! (ge lcdk lkSHkkX;!) vkt eSa Li"V ns[k jgk g¡w fd tks rwI + kQku muosQ

eu vkSj efLr"d dh nqfu;k esa xq”kj jgk Fkk og blls Hkh dgha izcy FkkA iRuh&fo;ksx gky gh esa gqvk FkkA vkSj oSQlh iRuh dk fo;ksx! tks bl eLr u`R; djrs f'ko dh mek Fkh---vkRek ls v¼k±fxuhA fuEu eè; oxZ osQ lu~*30 osQ Hkkoqd vkn'kks± vkSj mRlkgksa vkSj la?k"kks± dh ;qok lafxuh! eSa dYiuk gh dj

ldrk gw ¡ fd og dfo osQ fy, D;k oqQN u jgh gksxh! ,d fu'Ny dfo] ftlosQ vkj&ikj vki ns[k ldrs gSaA ckr dk /uh] ok.kh dk /uhA ân; eD[ku] ladYi I + kQkSyknA

,sls O;fDr dh lkFkhA ,d vkS j cj[kk dh ;kn vk xbZ A bl nsgjknw u

dh&lh ughaA exj Hkjh cjlkr dh >ek>eA cj[kk] bykgkckn dhA xkM+h ij igq¡ puk FkkA jkr dk oDrA es”kcku 1 bljkj 2 dj jgs gSa ] ¶HkbZ ] bl oDr oqQyh u rk¡xk] oSQls tkvksxs\ lq cg rd #d tkvks!¸ exj ugha A cPpu us fcLrj dk¡ /s ij j[kk vkS j LVs 'ku dh rjI + kQ jokuk gks x,A tgk¡ igq¡ puk Fkk oDr ij igq¡ psA

bykgkckn eq>s cPpu gh [khapdj yk ldrs FksA dks bZ bl laHkkouk dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrk FkkA eS a Lo;a ugha A vkS j ml ij eS a cPpu dks rc tkurk Hkh fdruk Fkk! cjk; uke 3A

exj ml ifjp; osQ ftrus Hkh {k.k Fks lVhd FksA Fks oks ek=k {k.k ghA vktdy dh rjg gh] eS a cgq r de dgha vkrk&tkrk ;k fdlh ls feyrk&tq yrk FkkA

1- vkfrF; djus okyk 2- vkxzg 3- uke os Q fy,] fn[kkus dks•

gfjoa'k jk; cPpu



54 Ñfrdk

eq>s bldh dHkh dksbZ ”k:jr&lh u eglwl gq bZμ'kk;n ,slk oge eq >s Fkk] tks oge gh Fkk fd es jh futh ,dka r dh nqfu;k esa es js lkFk pyus okyk dks bZ ugha gSμvkS j D;ksa gks\ [kS j---

;s*36&*37]*37&*38 osQ lky FksA---th gk¡A rks] cPpu us eq >ls dgk] ¶rqe ;gk¡ jgks xs rks ej tkvks xsA pyks

bykgkckn vkSj ,e-,- djks---¸ bR;kfnA vkS j gekjh nqdku ij cSBus okys ns gjknwu os Q izfl¼ MkDVj eq >ls dg jgs Fks] ¶rq e bykgkckn tk,xk rks ej tk,xk!¸ exj eSa rks ns[k pqdk Fkk fd is QiQM+ s osQ ejh”kks a osQ fy,] xjhc&xqjck osQ fy,] og D;k uq L[kk fy[krs Fks% ôS QfYl;e yS DVs V] Fkz h VkbEl v&MsA* oS QfYl;e ySDVsV mu fnuks a nks vkus esa ,d vkma l vkrk FkkA eSa vius fny es a csfI + kQØ FkkA

bykgkckn vk;k] rks cPpu us D;k fd;k\ cPpu osQ firk esjs yks dy xkftZ;u os Q [kkus esa ntZ gq,A mUgksa us mnwZ &I + kQkjlh dh lwI + kQh u”eksa dk ,d laxz g cM+s Lusg ls eq >s fn;k FkkA og vk'khokZ n vlsZ rd es js lkFk jgk vkS j ,d vFkZ esa vc Hkh gSA vkS j cPpu us ,e-,- iz hfo;l vkS j I + kQkbuy osQ nks uksa lkyksa dk

f”kEek fy;k vkS j dgk] ¶ns[kks tc Hkh rqe bl dkfcy gks tkvks] (;kuh rqEgkjh ukS djh yx tk,)] rc okil dj nsukA ¯prk er djks A¸ u bl dkfcy gq vk] vkS j u eSa us ¯prk dhA

cPpu dk Iyku ;g Fkk fd eS a fdlh rjg ,d dke dk vkneh cu tkm¡ QA muos Q Lo;a va xz s ”kh es a iQkbuy dj ys usμnl lky dh ekLVjh os Q cknμvkS j ch-Vh- dj ys us os Q lkFk&lkFk eS a Hkh ;w fuoflZ Vh ls fMxz h ys dj I + kQkfjx gks tkm¡ Q! rkfd dgha iS j tekdj [kM+ k gks lo¡ w QA lks dgk¡ gks uk Fkk! dgha u dgha ;g ckr] firk th dh ljdkjh ukS djh dks ns [kdj] es js fny es cS B xbZ Fkh fd ukS djh ugha djuh gSA eS a us dHkh dks bZ roZ Q&foroZ Q vius&vkils ugha fd;kA es jk [k;ky gS vkS j vc eS a lkI + kQ&lkI + kQ ns [krk g¡ w

vkS j dg ldrk g¡ w fd ;g cl] ?kka s pw ius dh gn FkhA (vkS j] iyk;u\) ¯gnw cks fM± x gkml os Q dkWeu :e es a ,d lhV eq >s iz Qh fey xbZ Fkh vkSj ia r

th dh lgt Ñik ls (eSa dHkh ugha Hkwyw ¡xk) bafM;u iz s l ls vuq okn dk dkeA





56 Ñfrdk

(cPpu bl okrkoj.k dks vkt enkZukokj >sy gh ugha jgs gS a] viuh dfork es a mPp ?kks"k ls ckj&ckj crk Hkh jgs gS a fd ;g okrkoj.k fdlh Hkh tkfr os Q lka LÑfrd bfrgkl es a oS Qlh ghu&la oq Qfpr eu%fLFkfr dk |ksrd gksrk gS!)

exj lu~ *37 es a es jk gky ;g Fkk] tS ls eS a fiQj ls rS juk lh[k jgk gw ¡ μrhu lkyks a es a cgq r oq QN Hkq yk pq dus os Q cknA es jh va r'ps ruk dk ;gh Loj Fkk fd cPpu 'kk;n

eq >s blhfy, bykgkckn yk, gS a A og eS nku es a mrj pq os Q gS a ---cl ”kjk vkfFkZ d :i ls fuf'a pr gks tkus dh ns j gS] cgq r ls cgq r ,d lkyA---vkS j eq >s Hkh eS nku es a mrjuk gS_ vius rkS j ijA---eq >s Hkh dej dl ys uh gSA ;gh Hkkoek=k es js eu es a Li"V Fkk vkS j eq [;A vkS j dks bZ Hkko ugha A

eq >s ;kn gS fd cPpu us ,d u, LVS a ”kk 1 dk iz dkj eq >s crk;k Fkk] 14 ia fDr;k¡ ] (lkW usV ugha !) vkSj rqdksa dk izHkkodkjh foU;kl 2] chp&chp dh vusd iafDr;k¡ vrq dka r! eq >s cgq qr vkd"kZ d yxk Fkk og îz dkj*A eS a us rch;r ij ”kksj Mkydj

ml îzdkj* es a ,d jpuk dh FkhA (cPpu dks ugha ekyw eA ekyw e fdlh dks Hkh

ugha A D;ks afd dHkh Nih ughaA) cPpu os Q fy, rks og dfork dk ,d ca n Fkk] esjs fy, og ,d can iw jh dfork gks xbZ A exj eS a us tks fy[kk og oLrq r% lkW us V ls vyx :i u ys ldk! (cPpu us rc rd ml vius uohu I + kQkeZ esa dks bZ dfork u jph FkhA) [kS j---

cPpu osQ ^fu'kk&fuea=k.k* dh dforkvksa osQ :i&izdkj us Hkh eq >s vkÑ"V fd;kA eS a us oq QN dfork,¡ ml iz dkj esa fy[kus dh dks f'k'k dh] exj eq >s cgq r eqf'dy tku iM+kA ukS iafDr;k¡] rhu LVSa”kkA izk;% lHkh dfo ml Nan esa fy[k jgs FksA eq>ls ugha pykA vxpsZ oq QN ia fDr;k¡ bl vH;kl esa 'kk;n cq jh ugha mrjha A ^fu'kk&fuea=k.k osQ dfo os Q iz fr* esjh ,d dfork] ftl ij iar th osQ

oq QN la 'kks/u Hkh gSa A (^:ikHk*&dky esa fd, gq ,)A esjs ikl vkt Hkh] viz dkf'kr] lq jf{kr gS aA mldk Hkh cPpu dks irk ugha !

1- LFkk;h ;k Vsd dks Nks M+ dj xhr dk pj.k ;k varjk 2- O;ofLFkr djuk] ltkuk •




eS a vius dkslZ dh vks j è;ku ugha ns jgk FkkA blls cPpu dks {kksHk 1 FkkA vr% esjs eu esa Hkh ,d LFkk;h ladkspA [kS jA---nks lky iwjs djos Q] vkf[kj I + kQkbuy dk bfErgku eS aus fiQj Hkh ugha gh fn;kA cPpu osQ lkFk ,d dfo&lEes yu es a Hkh eS a mlh lky x;k FkkA 'kk;n xks j[kiqjA

eS aus ns[kk fd dfork es a esjk u;k vH;kl fujFkZd ugha x;k_ ^ljLorh* esa

Nih ,d dfork us fujkyk th dk è;ku vkÑ"V fd;k_ oq QN fuca/ Hkh eS aus fy[ksA ^:ikHk* vkfI + kQl es a izkja fHkd iz f'k{k.k ys dj eSa cukjl ^gal* dk;kZ y; dh ^dgkuh* es a pyk x;kA fu'p; gh ¯gnh osQ lkfgfR;d izka x.k esa cPpu eq >s ?klhV

yk, FksAvkt eS a Li"V ns[krk gw ¡ fd es js thou osQ bl Hkjiw j vkS j oSQls vkdfLed

eks M+ os Q ihNs cPpu dh og ekS u&ltx&iz frHkk jgh gS tks nwljksa dks u;k izkfrHk 2

thou ns us dh uS lfxZ d 3 {kerk j[krh gSA cPpu ls eS a ges'kk gh izk;% nwj gh nw j jgrk vk;k gw ¡A ;|fi nwj vkSj u”knhd dh es jh viuh ifjHkk"kk gSA (vkSj ftuosQ eSa vdlj cgq r û”knhd* jgrk vk;k] D;k muls cgq r nwj ugha jgk\) cgqr&lh vuqifLFkr ph”ks a es js fy, mifLFkr gh os Q leku gS a vkSj mifLFkr vuq ifLFkr os QAvkSj eS a cgq r u”knhd vkus *] cgq r feyus&tqyus] fp _ h&i=kh vkfn es a fo'okl ugha

djrkA cPPku blhfy, esjs dkI + kQh djhc jgs gS a exj cs fldyh mlh rjg tSls ,d ^dfo* viuh jpuk osQ ekè;e ls vius djhc jgrk gS] vius lkFk jgrk gS]

ftlls ge dHkh ugha feyrs ;k fey ldrsμ;q xks a dk O;o/ku gks us os Q dkj.kA ;s ;qx ,d gh txg iz Lrq r Hkh gks ldrs gS a A vr% feyus ;k u feyus dk dks bZ vFkZ ugha cS BrkA---blh rjg cPpu vius O;fDrRo es a (ftls oq Qy feykdj eS a mudh Js "B ls Js"B dfork ls Hkh cM+k vk¡ drk gw¡) cgq rks a dh rjg] esjs Hkh u”knhd gSa

vkSj ;g ,d fcyoq Qy lgt vkS j lkekU; vkSj LokHkkfod gh ckr gSA bldk lgt] LokHkkfod vkS j lkekU; gks uk eq >s vPNk yxrk gSA eq >s cgq r vPNk yxrk gSA

1- valrks"k] O;koq Qyrk] nq [k 2- iz frHkk ls ;qDr 3- lgt] LokHkkfod •



58 Ñfrdk

(D;ksa fd og eq >s viuh txg ij eq Dr Hkh j[krk gSA) esjk vuq eku gS fd vkSj Hkh lS dM+ ksa O;fDr;ks a dks ,s lk gh vuqHko gq vk gks xkA vuqeku gh D;ks a eq >dks ekyw e

gS fd gq vk gSA eS a vius bl vuq Hko dks fof'k"V ;k fo'ks "k ugha ekurkA oLrq r% ,slk oqQN fof'k"V ;k fo'ks"k nqfu;k esa ugha gqvk djrkA cPpu tSls yks x Hkh nq fu;k esa gq vk djrs gSa vkS j og ges 'kk gh ,s ls gksrs gS a A vlk/kj.k dgdj eS a mudh e;kZ nk de ugha djuk pkgrkA exj ;g lk/kj.k vkS j lgt iz k;% nq "izkI; 1

Hkh gSA ckr vtc gS] exj lp gSA


1- og ,s lh dkSu lh ckr jgh gks xh ftlus ys [kd dks fnYyh tkus osQ fy, ckè; dj fn;k\

2- ys [kd dks vaxz s ”kh es a dfork fy[kus dk vI + kQlks l D;ks a jgk gksxk\

3- viuh dYiuk ls fyf[k, fd cPpu us ys[kd osQ fy, ûks V* es a D;k fy[kk gksxk\

4- ys [kd us cPpu osQ O;fDrRo os Q fdu&fdu :iks a dks mHkkjk gS\5- cPpu os Q vfrfjDr ys [kd dks vU; fdu yksxksa dk rFkk fdl izdkj dk lg;ksx feyk\

6- ys [kd os Q ¯gnh ys [ku esa dne j[kus dk Øekuqlkj o.kZ u dhft,A

7- ys [kd us vius thou es a ftu dfBukb;ks a dks >s yk gS] muos Q ckjs esa fyf[k,A

1- ftldk feyuk dfBu gks•



ys [kd&ifjp;

iz fl¼ dFkkdkj iQ.kh'ojukFk js .kq dk tUe xk¡ o vkS jkgh gxuk (f”kyk iw f.kZ ;k] fcgkj) es a gq vk vkS j Low Qyh f'k{kk us iky es a A lu~ 1942 os Q vk”kknh os Q vka nks yu os Q iz eq [k ls ukuh jgs

js .kq us us iky dh l'kL=k Øka fr vkS j jktuhfr ea s Hkh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dhAvka pfyd dFkkdkj os Q :i esa fo[;kr js.kq us xz keh.k thou dk xgu

jkxkRed vkSj jle; fp=k [kha pk gSA viuh fof'k"V Hkk"kk&'kS yh }kjk mUgksa us ¯gnh dFkk&lkfgR; dks u;k vk;ke fn;kA

izeq [k o` Qfr;k¡μ eS yk vk¡py] ijrh ifjdFkk] fdrus pkSjkg s (miU;kl)_ Bq ejh] vkfne jkf=k dh egd] vfxu[kks j (dgkuh&laxz g)_ Í.kty&èkuty]

us ikyh Øka fr dFkk (fjiks rkZ t)A

ledkyhu ¯gnh dFkk&lkfgR; dh egÙoiw .kZ gLrk{kj e nq yk xxZ dk tUe dks ydkrk es a gq vkA mUgks a us fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,-(vFkZ 'kkL=k) fd;kA Hkkjr os Q fofHkUu 'kgjks a es a

jgus os Q ckn lu~ 1974 ls fnYyh es a jgdj Lora =k ys [kuA dFkk&lkfgR; os Q vykok mUgks a us vius le; vkS j lekt dh leL;kvks a ij oS pkfjd fuca èk Hkh fy[ks gS a A e` nq yk xxZ us dF; vkS j f'kYi nks uks a Lrjks a ij x|&ys [ku dh iz pfyr ifjikVh dks rks M+ k gSA

iQ.kh'ojukFk js .kq (lu~ 1921&1977)

e`nq yk xxZ(tUe lu~ 1938)



60 Ñfrdk

izeq [k Ñfr;k¡ μ mlosQ fgLls dh èkw i] vfuR;] fpÙkdks cjk] dBxq ykc (miU;kl)_ la xfr&fola xfr (nks [ka Mksa es a la iw .kZ dgkfu;k¡ )_ ja x&<a x] pqdrs

ugha loky (fuca èk&laxz g)A

lq ifjfpr ukVddkj txnh'k pa nz ekFkq j dk tUe [kqtkZ (mÙkj izns'k) esa gq vk vkS j f'k{kk bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; lsA cpiu ls gh ukVdksa esa #fp gks us osQ dkj.k Low Qy] dkWys t

os Q lka LÑfrd mRloks a es a ukV~ ; ys[ku] funsZ 'ku vkSj vfHku; djrs jgsA vkxs pydj ;gh 'kkS d ltu esa s ifjf.kr gks x;kA

txnh'k paæ ekFkqj osQ ukVdksa esa fofoèkrk gSA ,sfrgkfld ukVdksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus lkekftd leL;kvksa ls tqM+s ,dkadh&ukVd fy[ks gSaA muosQ

oqQN O;aX; izèkku ,dkadh pfpZr jgs gSaA izeq [k Ñfr;k¡ μ dks .kkoZQ] n'kjFk uanu] 'kkjnh;k] igyk jktk (ukVd)_

Hkks j dk rkjk] vks es js lius (,dka dh&laxz g)A

lelkef;d dFkk&ys [kd fo|klkxj ukS fV;ky dk tUe ekyh ns oy xk¡ o (fVgjh x<+ oky] mÙkjka py) es a gq vk vkS j mPp

f'k{kk okjk.klh lsA igkM+ h thou fo'ks "kdj fVgjh x<+ oky os Q thou&;FkkFkZ osQ oqQ'ky fprs js

ukS fV;ky th dh dFkk&Hkk"kk esa fe ^ h dh lkSa èkh xa èk jph&clh gSA

txnh'k pa æ ekFkq j (lu~ 1917&1978)

fo|klkxj ukSfV;ky (tUe lu~ 1933)




iz eq [k Ñfr;k¡ μ fVgjh dh dgkfu;k¡ ] lq Pph Mks j (dgkuh&la xz g)_ my>s fj'rs] che vos Qyh] lw jt lcdk gS] mÙkj ck;k¡ gS] >q a M ls fcNq M+ k (miU;kl)_ eks gu xkrk tk,xk (vkRedF;)A

Lokra =;ksÙkj ¯gnh dfork osQ iz eq [k dfo 'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg dk tUe nsgjknwu (mÙkjka py) esa gqvk vkS j f'k{kk nsgjknwu ,oa

bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; lsA izfl¼ fp=kdkj mdhy&ca èkq vks a ls mUgks aus dyk&iz f'k{k.k fy;kA

vuwBs dkO;&¯ccks a dk l` tu djus okys 'ke'ksj os Qoy vlkèkkj.k dfo gh ugha ] ,d vuwBs x|&ys [kd Hkh gS aA nksvkc*] IykV dk eks pkZ *] tSlh x| jpukvks a os Q ekè;e ls muos Q fof'k"V x|dkj os Q :i dks igpkuk tk ldrk gSA

izeq [k Ñfr;k¡μ oqQN dfork,¡ ] oq QN vkSj dfork,¡ ] pqdk Hkh ugha gw ¡ eSa ] brus ikl vius] dky rq >ls gks M+ gS es jh (dkO;&la xzg)_ oq QN x| jpuk,¡ ] oq QN vkSj x| jpuk,¡ (x|&laxz g)A

'ke'ksj cgknq j ¯lg (lu~ 1911&1993)

'ke'ksj cgknqj ¯lg (lu~ 1911&1993)

ys [kd&ifjp;

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Ncert Book - Kritika Part i - Class Ix