NCJ-Oct-2010

Nandini Chemical Journal, October 2010 1

and Global Development Efforts For Biomass Based Fuel

77

Volume 18 Issue 1 October 2010

Dedicated to the cause of chemical industries

* THOUGHT LEADERSHIP THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CONSULTANTS

* CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT

* THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE

* IODOPHOR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SMALL SCALE SECTOR

* BORON TRIFLUORIDE


s VOLUME XVIII OCTOBER 2010 ISSUE 1

Publisher:

Nandini Institute of Chemical Industries

Editor - Publisher

N.S.Venkataraman

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CONTENTS

03 Talk Of The Month Thought Leadership

The Critical Role Of Consultants 05 Chemical Industries In Tamil Nadu Now In Back Seat 10 Closure Order On Sterlite Industries - Is There No Other Way ? 12 Indian Tanning Industry At The Cross Roads 14 Indian Fertilizer Projects Face Uncertainties

Due To Uncertain Gas Supply 16 Dow Chemicals Indian Arm Faces Ban On Bribing Charge 17 Evasion Of Biodiesel Duties By USA Firms 18 Plant Closures 21 Safety And Accident Page 25 Anti Dumping Page 26 Update On Nanotechnology 27 Update On Carbon Trading 29 Deep Sea Ethylene Terminal Project Of Ineos 31 Plans For LNG Import - Re Gassification Terminals 32 Research Efforts On Glycerin Based Products 35 Spotlight On Triacetonamine (TAA) 36 Thionyl Chloride Product Profile 43 Iodophor -Investment Opportunity In Small Scale Sector 46 Investment Opportunities In Fluorine Chemicals Boron Trifluoride 52 News Round Up International 55 News Round Up India 56 China News 56 Use Of Methanol As Fuel

Recent Developments In China 59 Technology Development 61 Agro Chemical Page 61 Freezer Watermelons 63 Pharma Page 63 Differences Between Chemical Drugs And Biologics 65 New Diabetes Molecule GKM-001 68 Energy Page 68 PV Encapsulant With Polyolefin Film

Growing Demand In Solar Power Market 69 Coal Shortage Looms Ahead In India 71 Solar Power Industry Needs Holistic Approach - Findings Of The Study 72 Environmental Page 73 Ask For The Chemical Facts Free 75 Price Trends International 77 New Projects International 81 Tender 83 Chemicals Imported At The Chennai Port

During The Month Of August 2010


TALK OF THE MONTH

THOUGHT LEADERSHIP THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CONSULTANTS

With the challenges and opportunities facing the chemical industries becoming increasingly complex, particularly in view of the expectations of the community with regard to safety and ecological standards, there is great urgency to develop and encourage thought leadership for the chemical industries. Obviously, the consultancy organizations are in unique position to provide such thought leadership, that would set the trend and direction of growth, in tune with the requirement and expectations from time to time. The consultants are supposed to be experts in their chosen area of profession and should therefore have the capability and knowledge level to emerge as thought leaders. achieve growth. The incentives and encouragement provided by the government to the consultancy organizations are also minimal. With the industries not fully realizing the potential utility value that the quality consultancy organizations can provide, there is still not enough impetus for the consultancy organizations to grow. As a result, the best of talents are not being attracted to the consultancy organizations to the extent that it should. The consultants have to necessarily equip themselves with the strong and adequate database and information network and keep themselves continuously informed and updated about developments around the world. The development of capability to analyse and interpret the scenario in competent manner with original and innovative approach is vitally necessary. The consultants have to specialize in chosen areas of activities without extending their nets in variety of activities and they should get focused credentials. The consultants can emerge as the thought leaders, if they would fulfill these requirements in an elegant manner.

However, many consultancy set ups in India are yet to mature to the requisite level in terms of size and facilities. One reason for this could be that the Indian chemical industries are yet to adequately recognize the importance of quality consultancy organizations, who can provide guidelines and advice to them and in working out the strategies to overcome the complex problems and


THOUGHT LEADERSHIP THE CRITICAL ROLE OF CONSULTANTS The consultancy organizations have to develop brand image to be recognized as the thought leaders and such image can not be built overnight. It would take considerable efforts and proven track record to achieve this. Therefore, the consultants have to dig in and stay. Obviously, the gestation time for gaining expertise in any particular area of activities for consultancy organizations and emerging as thought leaders is atleast 6 to 7 years. The most essential requirement for a consultancy organization to emerge strong and famous is its manpower strength and the quality of its manpower. Therefore, the stability in the manpower strength and absence of attrition amongst employees are also important factors in emerging as experts and thought leaders . Obviously, as the thought leader, chemical consultancy organizations should seize the initiatives and take the leadership role without waiting for invitations to present their vision and ideas.

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CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT

As the growth of the chemical industries are the driving force for over all industrial and economic development, any neglect of the chemical industry can have adverse impact on the long run, in the economic and industrial development of any region. Tamil Nadu which was at one time a pioneer in setting up chemical projects, appears to be losing its way now and nothing significant is happening in the development of chemical industry in the state. Unfortunately, the Government of Tamil Nadu which takes considerable interest in starting and encouraging automobile sector and its ancillaries and software projects, have not thought it necessary to provide similar attention and encouragement to the chemical industries. The lull in the chemical industries in Tamil Nadu would become clearly evident, if one would see the several missed opportunities . A few examples are given below: Petroleum Refineries: Chennai Petroleum Corporation was set up a few decades back and has been expanding its capacities over the years. It has now announced plans for brown field refinery of capacity 7 million tonnes per annum at cost of Rs.10,000 crores. While this is praiseworthy step, nothing much has happened beyond expanding capacity of petroleum refinery. Neither Chennai Petroleum Corporation nor the Tamil Nadu Government has taken any worthwhile steps to promote and encourage .the downstream petrochemical industries based on the product stream of Chennai Petroleum Corporation, similar to what has been achieved in Gujarat and Maharashtra. Therefore, Chennai Petroleum Corporation remains largely as an island of activity

It is generally well recognized that the growth of chemical industry is essential requirement for recording all round industrial growth in multiple directions. There is rarely an industrial or consumer product, where the chemicals do not play an active role in the production of the product , whether it be cosmetic, pharma, textile, electronic, paper, aeronautic or metallurgy.


CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT A large petroleum refinery and petrochemical complex was proposed in Cuddalore by Nagarjuna Group around a decade back. Still, there is no firm indication as to when the project would be ultimately commissioned, though the companys management has been announcing schedules from time to time. The project is facing unending road blocks The PVC project Only big project that has come up in Tamil Nadu in the last two to three years is PVC project of Chemplast Sanmar at Cuddalore. Unfortunately, this project was also delayed by several years due to environmental issues and it lost valuable time. Fertiliser industries Two fertilizer units in Tamil Nadu namely SPIC and Madras Fertilisers are in doldrums. SPIC has remained closed for sometime now and it has announced that it would restart the plant soon. Still one has to keep fingers crossed about the future of SPIC, as it has accumulated losses which has now reached alarming proportion. The other fertilizer unit namely Madras Fertilisers Ltd is facing threat of uncertain future due to unhealthy financial conditions. No other fertilizer project is under advanced stage of planning or implementation in the state at present. Soda ash The only soda ash plant in Tamil Nadu namely Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals has also been remaining closed, as it depends for its raw material requirement from SPIC. This unit is also facing distress situation. Titanium dioxide Titanium dioxide is very important chemical. The raw material for titanium dioxide namely ilmenite deposits are available in a few states in the country, with large deposits in Tamil Nadu. However, the ilmenite potential in the state remain largely unexploited . A large titanium dioxide project was announced by Tata Group in Tuticorin but it did not take off and Tata Group has officially announced the withdrawal of the project. This is a serious set back for the chemical industry in Tamil Nadu.


CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT Starch based projects: Tamil Nadu produces around 80% of the tapioca in the country largely in the Salem belt. Unfortunately, several tapioca based starch units in Tamil Nadu have closed down in the past,due to variety of reasons. A number of important value added starch based products like citric acid, sorbitol, glucose etc. can be produced from tapioca available in the state. But nothing worthwhile has been done. Glorious opportunities for growth of starch based industries are being lost. Magnesite: Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of magnesite ore in the country. Magnesite ore is the starting material for the production of Dead Burnt Magnesite (DBM) used in the refractories. Now, India has become large importer of Dead Burnt Magnesite. The problem is that the magnesium content in the magnesite ore in the Tamil Nadu has been steadily coming down due to continuous mining over the last 200 years or so .As the magnesium content in the magnesite ore are becoming less, the quality of the Dead Burnt Magnesite produced from the ore have become unacceptable to the refractory industry. The only way out is to set up beneficiation project for the magnesite ore to improve its purity level. Sometimes back, a large beneficiation plant for the magnesite ore was proposed but the project was given up. Molasses/alcohol based project Tamil Nadu is one of the big producers of sugarcane / sugar in the country. Unfortunately, there is no large molasses / alcohol based project in operation in the state. Many molasses based chemicals are being imported by the country. While there is huge focus in Tamil Nadu on using ethyl alcohol produced from the molasses for human consumption, attention has not been paid to promote industries for producing chemicals from molasses and ethyl alcohol. PTA project of SPIC A large purified terephthalic acid project requiring investment of several hundreds of crores of rupees was proposed by SPIC several years back and


CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT the company claimed that it spent over Rs.200 crores in the project. But the project did not take off at all. Traditional sector There are a number of traditional agro based chemical sectors in Tamil Nadu like vinca rosea (catharanthus roseus) operating for more than one hundred years. Most of these projects have been remaining stagnant and without any significant modernization to achieve growth. Advantage of long coastal belt Considering the benefits of long coast enjoyed by Tamil Nadu, there are many possibilities for setting up chemical projects based on sea water brine like salt based chemical units, bromine based chemicals, magnesium based chemicals etc. A magnesium metal project from sea water brine was set up by Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation some time back and the project was given up due to inadequate technology Production of fuel from algae is an exciting futuristic project opportunity, for which long term plans have to be initiated now. Tamil Nadus long coastal belt is ideal for the algae based fuel project. Case for promoting jojoba project Considering the climatic condition in Tuticorin belt, exciting possibilities exist for setting up project for jojoba crop. Jojoba is drought prone crop with great potential for cosmetic and lubricant applications and with long life of over 50 years. The global demand for jojoba based products are steadily increasing and the products are in great demand in international market. Government of India has considered this as a thrust project and set up promotional body in Rajasthan . But nothing has happened in Tamil Nadu though Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu is an ideal location for the crop. Herbal industry at the cross roads: Tamil Nadu has huge potential for setting up globally competitive herbal projects with good export potential. A few years back,a feasibility study was commissioned by Tamil Nadu Medicinal Plant Farms & Herbal Medicine Corporation Ltd. (TAMPCOL- a Tamil Nadu Government undertaking)to assess the potential for herbal projects in Tamil Nadu and prepare a road map for the herbal industry. Extensive study


CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN TAMIL NADU NOW IN BACK SEAT was carried out and a comprehensive report was prepared with tangible recommendations. The fate of the report is not known . Natural gas availability: Tamil Nadu is handicapped due to the inadequate natural gas availability that would act as feedstock for the petrochemical industry. With the availability of natural gas from Krishna-Godavari Basin, Tamil Nadu has not received any share of natural gas from the above project and apparently no claims have been made by the Tamil Nadu Government. There was a proposal made by Chennai based Chemical Industries Association a few years back to set up Southern Natural Gas Grid and the concept was supported by the then Tamil Nadu Government. Again nothing has happened for this worthwhile scheme. LNG terminal To give impetus to growth of the petrochemical industry, there was a proposal to set up LNG terminal near Ennore port that would facilitate the import of natural gas. The project has not moved and one is not clear as to whether it is still under the consideration of the Government of Tamil Nadu. Environmental issues One of the big problems faced by chemical industries in Tamil Nadu is lack of site for dumping the treated solid waste discharge from the industries. Inspite of the fact that several efforts have been made, no suitable site has been firmly located so far by the Government of Tamil Nadu that meet the requirement of all. Need for forward looking strategic planning What is obvious is that the Tamil Nadu Government has not applied its mind to prepare a strategic time bound action plan for promoting the chemical industries in the state. Without active support and incentives from the government for facilitating the growth, it would not be possible for the chemical industries in Tamil Nadu to forge ahead. It is sad that inspite of huge potential opportunities and enthusiastic investors and talented technologists and engineers, chemical industries in Tamil Nadu are now drifting in vacuum. The Government of Tamil Nadu should show initiative and move forward with imagination and understanding. Particularly, with Central Minister of Chemicals and Petrochemicals hailing from the Tamil Nadu, there can be no excuse for not forging ahead.


CLOSURE ORDER ON STERLITE INDUSTRIES IS THERE NO OTHER WAY ?

The predicament faced by both Sterlite Industries and South India Viscose can be broadly viewed as similar, since both the companies have been operated at reasonably good standards, employing best of technologies that are globally available . Certainly, problems faced by the units were not due to them but inspite of their efforts. It is also necessary to remember that several of the plants operating in similar conditions and parameters like that of South India Viscose Ltd and Sterlite Industries are presently running in other parts of the world. In the case of Sterlite Industries, Madras High Court has not only ordered the closure of the unit and censured the management of the unit and in the process, it also squarely blamed the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board and Central Environmental Ministry.Obviously, Madras High Court has over ruled the environmental authority in this matter, as Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board has no objection to the operation of Sterlite Industries in its present conditions. Environmental Ministry of Government of India have well laid out specification for discharge of emission from the operating plant premises. The authority like Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board can provide environmental consent only if the operating specification would be adhered to by the units as per the prevailing environmental rules and regulations. One wonders whether it would be appropriate for the court to over rule the decision of the Pollution Control Board in such matters, as the environmental authority must have been guided by the stipulated standards laid out in the rules. Possibly, the Madras High Court suspects that the Pollution Control Board have not implemented guidelines of the rules and regulations of the Government of India in strict accordance with the laid out specifications. But, there is no indication in the judgment and the court has not pointed out any such specific lapses by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board

Ordering the closure of well run chemical units on environmental ground can always be a matter of controversy and doubtful decision , as the subject is one of

The order of the Madras High Court closing down the copper smelting plant of Sterlite Industries at Tuticorin in Tamil Nadu is one more serious set back for the growth of the chemical and allied industries in Tamil Nadu. A few years back, a well operated and profit making South India Viscose Ltd., Coimbatore was forced to close down due to order of the judiciary on environmental ground. .This unit could not overcome the shock and finally it was wound up. In the process, Tamil Nadu lost substantial production capacity for viscose rayon and hundreds of people lost the jobs.


CLOSURE ORDER ON STERLITE INDUSTRIES - IS THERE NO OTHER WAY ? cost benefit analysis and technological issues as well as loss of jobs and economic loss to the state. Judiciary can ill afford to maintain a tunnel view. In ordering the closure of the unit, obviously the Madras High Court is concerned about the consequence of social problems. To safeguard the interests of the over 2500 direct and indirect employees, it has ordered the payment of compensation but such compensation can be only once payment or payment for short duration and it will not relieve the problems of the affected employees in a meaningful way. The court has further directed District Collector to find alternative jobs for the employees, which is unrealistic and far fetched order, that can not be implemented by the District Collector due to various constraints. Is there not any other way that the court can deal with the environmental issue concerned with the Sterlite Industries? Instead of closing down the unit straight away, which is likely to cripple the unit permanently leading to loss of production capacity and economic loss for the state, the court could have given some time for Sterlite Industries to solve the problems. The court could have imposed heavy penalty on Sterlite Industries for environmental violation and insist that such penalty amount should be distributed to the affected people. Finally in all such cases, where the industries and employees suffer, the officials in the Pollution Control Board and environmental ministry go scot free, receiving only strictures from the court, which do not materially affect them. Actually, the corrective measures should have been taken by the environmental authorities long time back, if required. Have we ever heard about them being punished or suspended ? Why has not the court asked the Pollution Control Board and Government to pay compensation to the victims who have suffered due to environmental hazards caused by their negligence?

APEX COURT GIVES STAY ORDER Sterlite Industries has a smelter, refinery, phosphoric acid plant, sulphuric acid plant and copper rod plant at the Tuticorin facility. The copper smelter of Sterlite Industries has capacity to produce 400,000 tonnes of copper cathodes (copper that needs to be purified further). Last year, the company had announced a Rs 2,300-crore plan to double the capacity and put up a 160 MW captive power plant. Sterlite Industries claims that its Tuticorin smelter had been in operation for more than 12 years and complied with the necessary rules and regulations. It deployed ISA Smelt process, which is considered globally as an environmentally advanced technology. It is learnt that the Tuticorin District Tiny and Small Scale Industries' Association and the Machinery Supplies Contractors' Association submitted a petition to the District Revenue Officer, seeking the district administration's intervention in keeping the plant operational.


INDIAN TANNING INDUSTRY AT THE CROSS ROADS Until three or four years back, Tamil Nadu accounted for 78 percent of the pan-India tanning industry, which is estimated to be around Rs.8000 to 9000 crore in size. According to All India Skins and Hide Tanners Merchant Association (AISHTMA), Tamil Nadus share in the Indian tanning industry has now come down to 55 percent.According to industry sources, the number of units in Dindigual has come down by 80%, while in Tiruchy it has fallen by 85 percent. Likewise, Ambur, Vaniambadi and other clusters in Tamil Nadu have also reported closure of tanneries. In the last three years, the number of units, mostly small and medium enterprises (SMEs), that have closed in Tamil Nadu is huge. According to representatives of Tamil Nadu Allied Leather Trade Industry Association (TALTIA), only 40 tanneries are now operating at Dindigual, compared to 214 three to four years earlier. Similarly, in Tiruchy, the number of tanneries have come down to 9 from 63 over the same period. The other tanning hubs Ambur, Vaniambadi, Perambur and Erode have also reported closure of a large number of tanneries. The average capacity of the tanneries is around 8500 sq ft a day, but in Tamil Nadu, they are operating at only 50 percent of capacity. There are many drawbacks in this industry it needs to upgrade technology, it needs proper finance for high capital investment, raw material quality is poor and its supply erratic and there are process and infrastructure problems. Cost factors The cost increase is due to increase in raw material prices, as well as the installation of effluent treatment and water recycling systems which is required by the World Trade Organisations environmental standards. These, have forced the SMEs to close down their units. The cost of tanning per sq ft of leather has increased from Rs.15 to Rs.25 in the last few months.

Regulatory issues such as environmental standards and lack of tax incentives have hit the tanning industry in Tamil Nadu.


INDIAN TANNING INDUSTRY AT THE CROSS ROADS Raw hides and skins The industry is also heavily dependent on indigenous raw hides and skins for its supply of raw materials, whose quality and quantity are both not very satisfactory. Imports are low despite exemption from customs duties due to high import prices (three or four times higher than local hides) and the absence of suitable machinery to process the imported hides and skins. As international pressures to supply good quality leather products mount, leather manufacturers would have to increase the use of imported hides and skins to improve the image of Indian leather and leather products. Export duties The industry is lobbying for the removal of export duties on East India leather, a type of semi processed leather. Further delay in allowing duty free export of EI leather may lead to the closure of more tanneries. Although the ministry of Commerce and Industry permitted the resumption of exports of EI leather in January 2000, the imposition of 15 percent export duty has nearly crippled the industry.

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INDIAN FERTILIZER PROJECTS FACE UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO UNCERTAIN GAS SUPPLY

Gas availability from KG-D6 block Reliances gas discovery off Indias east coast in 2002 encouraged companies including Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative and Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilisers to plan for building fertilizer plants. Each of the six plants proposed for implementation by the fertiliser companies would have an annual capacity of about one million tonne and cost Rs 4,500 crore. Reliance said on July 27 that output at the KG-D6 block in the Bay of Bengal, the countrys largest gas field, will be below capacity while it reviews the reservoir and safety procedures. Reliance expects to reach capacity output at the KG-D6 field as late as 2012, at least two years behind schedule,. Production will stay at current levels until the reviews are complete. Additional inspections lasting six months are needed before increasing output by 33% to 80 million cubic meters a day. Requirement of gas to increase urea capacity The fertiliser companies are reducing the use of naphtha, an alternative feedstock derived from crude oil, to make urea. The cost of producing the fertilizer with naphtha is more than with natural gas . Producing urea with domestic natural gas costs about $220 a tonne, less than half the $500 a tonne for using naphtha. Using imported gas would be more expensive than domestic gas supply. Reliances gas is sold at $4.20 per million British thermal units, while imports from the spot market range from $5.40 to $9.40 per million Btu,.

India produces around 20 million tonne of urea a year and imports 5 million to 6 million tonne to meet demand. Import of urea are likely to rise to 7 million tonne this year as food demand rises and domestic urea fertiliser output remains stagnant. Indias fertiliser imports will further go up in future, as the lack of natural gas availability will delay plans to invest $5.9 billion in setting up new fertilizer projects. About 2.2 million cubic meters of natural gas is needed to produce one million tonne urea.


INDIAN FERTILIZER PROJECTS FACE UNCERTAINTIES DUE TO UNCERTAIN GAS SUPPLY

Indias fertiliser producers will need 95.52 million cubic meters of gas a day in the year starting April 2011, compared with 72.76 million cubic meters this year. Apart from Reliances supplies, gas is bought from Oil & Natural Gas, and from overseas.

Allotment of gas for fertilizer production Fertiliser producers have been allocated about 15 million cubic meters a day of Reliances current output of 60 million cubic meters and power companies about 31 million cubic meters. The remainder goes to industries including chemicals, steel, liquefied petroleum gas plants and refiners. Year wise, nutrients wise imports of fertilizers

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Total 2000-01 1.54 3.96 15.41 20.91 2001-02 2.69 4.29 17.01 23.99 2002-03 0.66 1.70 14.38 16.74 2003-04 1.32 3.38 15.48 20.18 2004-05 4.09 2.96 20.45 27.50 2005-06 13.85 11.21 27.47 52.53 2006-07 26.88 13.23 20.69 60.80 2007-08 36.77 12.53 26.53 75.83 2008-09 38.44 29.27 33.80 101.51 2009-10* 30.85 24.99 25.39 81.23

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DOW CHEMICALS INDIAN ARM FACES BAN ON BRIBING CHARGE

Indian subsidiary of Dow Chemicals, Dow Agro Sciences India Ltd, is likely to be blacklisted by the Government of India following its persistent refusal to respond to the show-cause notices issued by the agriculture ministry. The ministry had asked the company as to why action would not be initiated against it for bribing officials in order to push three sub-standard pesticides in the country. The CBI, which had investigated the case, had earlier this year held the Mumbai-based Indian arm of Dow chemicals guilty of bribing a senior Central government employee and his aides and had recommended that the firm be black-listed. The three pesticides were identified as Dursban 10G, Nurelle D and Pride. The details of the bribes paid by Dow Agro-Sciences-Known earlier as DE-Nocil-have been mentioned in the charge sheet filed by the CBI in the case. The charge sheet was filed on the basis of information furnished by the US authorities to the Indian government, in response to a letter rogatory, a formal request from a court to a foreign court for judicial assistance. The legal action comes after the letter rogatory was executed by the US government on November 17, 2008, to elicit information regarding vouchers of Dow Chemicals to establish payment of bribes during 1996-2001, by Dow Agro Sciences. The CBI team investigating the case had earlier found out that Ratan Lal Rajak, a former plant protection advisor to the government, and his aides had been paid $32,000 in cash and jewellery, while their travel and hotel expenses were also picked up by Dow Agro-Sciences. The then managing director of Dow Agro, who is a British citizen, and two firms linked with Satyabroto, Agro Pack and Crop Health Products, were also mentioned in the charge sheet for corrupt deals. According to the CBI charge sheet, Rajak was a member of all the three committees of the Faridabad-based Central Insecticides Board and Registration that granted permission for the sale of DE-Nocil products in India.

The Dow scam was unearthed by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2007. It had also fined Dow Chemicals $325,000 for bribing the officials in India to fast-track permission to sell their pesticide brands that are banned in the US and many other countries. The SEC, in a `cease and desist order to Dow on February 13, 2007, charged the company with violations under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) for letting a subsidiary use funds for illegal activities in a foreign country. The order was passed after Dow voluntarily approached a commission staff, with the results of an internal investigation of DE-Nocil.


EVASION OF BIODIESEL DUTIES BY USA FIRMS The European Commission imposed antidumping and countervailing duties in March 2009 on imports of the B99 blend of biodiesel from the U.S. The measures are in force for five years. European Biodisel Board (EBB) alleges that since March 2009, U.S. biodiesel has been increasingly exported to the EU via third countries, in particular Canada and Singapore, in order to fraudulently conceal its U.S. origin. EBB also alleges that important volumes of U.S. biodiesel are still being exported directly to the EU in the form of blends not covered by the EU duties, typically the B19 biodiesel blend containing less than 20% biodiesel, EBB says. These practices do not reflect normal commercial practice but are an attempt to evade the antidumping and countervailing duties. EBBs request contains sufficient prima facie evidence that the antidumping measures on imports of biodiesel originating in the U.S. are being circumvented by means of the transhipment of biodiesel via Canada and Singapore, and by exports of biodiesel in a blend containing by weight 20% or less of biodiesel, allegedly taking advantage of the biodiesel content threshold set in the description of the product concerned. There has been a significant increase in EU imports of biodiesel from Canada and Singapore, and of the alternative biodiesel blends, in the past 18 months and initial evidence shows that the prices of the product under investigation are dumped in relation to the normal value previously established for the product concerned, the commission says. The commissions investigation will take up to nine months. The EU Anti-Fraud Office has launched a parallel investigation into the possible circumvention of EU antidumping duties on U.S. biodiesel, EBB says.

The European Commission has launched an investigation into the possible circumvention by U.S. biodiesel suppliers of European Union (EU) antidumping duties on biodiesel imports from the U.S. It follows a request to the commission lodged by industry association the European Biodiesel Board (EBB; Brussels) last June.

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PLANT CLOSURES Cristal Global to close Maryland titanium dioxide plant Cristal Global, the production arm of National Titanium Dioxide Co. (Cristal; Yanbu, Saudi Arabia) will stop producing base pigments, including titanium dioxide ,at its Hawkins Point plant in Baltimore, MD. The plant has the capacity to produce about 94,000 tonnes per year of titanium dioxide and was idled in March 2009 due to the economic downturn. Despite recently improved demand for titanium dioxide, the long-term outlook for the facility remains unfavorable, Cristal says. The company will continue to study possible options for continued manufacturing activity at the site, which include surface treatment and packaging. Cristal Global acquired the site in 2007 when the company merged with LyondellBasell subsidiary Millenium Inorganic Chemicals in a $1.2-billion deal. The transaction pushed Cristal from the ninth-largest global producer at the time into the number-two spot. The companys global TiO production capacity is about 775,000 tonnes per year at eight manufacturing facilities worldwide, two of which are at Ashtabula, OH.

***** Asahi Kasei to exit ammonia and benzene Asahi Kasei Chemicals (AKC), an Asahi Kasei subsidiary will permanently stop production of ammonia and benzene, closing plants at the companys Mizushima, Japan complex. AKC intends to procure the products entirely from other suppliers. The plan forms part of ongoing measures to strengthen the competitiveness of Asahis petrochemical operations. The 320,000-tonnes per year ammonia plant, which began operating in 1971 and the 300,000-tonnes per year benzene plant, which began operating in 1970, will be stopped in March or April 2012. In-house production of ammonia and benzene has resulted in high costs due to persistently expensive feedstock and energy prices, AKC says. The company expects that terminating production will enable it to achieve significant savings through more economic procurement from other suppliers. Asahi requires ammonia and benzene at Mizushima to make products including acrylonitrile, styrene and other derivatives


PLANT CLOSURES Arch Chemicals to close two R&D centres US biocides producer Arch Chemicals plans to close two research and development (R&D) centers as part of a plan to consolidate those sites operations to Alpharetta, Georgia, US. Arch will close the R&D centers in Cheshire, Connectinut and New Castle, Delaware.Arch would complete the consolidation, which will cost $6m to 8 m (Euro5m to 6 m) by the end of 2011.

***** Nabucco consortium abandons Iran plans Plans to link the $7.9 bn Nabucco natural gas pipeline to a feeder line running from Iran have been shelved because of the countrys political situation and international trade sanctions. The Nabucco Gas Pipeline International consortium will instead concentrate on building two smaller supply lines to run from Iraq and Georgia and link to the main pipeline in Turkey.

***** Karoon Petrochemical keeps TDI unit idle Irans Karoon Petrochemical will keep the countrys first toluene diisocyante (TDI) facility in Bandar Mashahr idle until further notice. The new TDI plant, with a name plate capacity of 40,000 tonnes per year, started up in April but was shut after a month.

***** Solvay to stop making SRP at US plant Solvay Advanced Polymers will stop making PrimoSpire self reinforced polyphenylene (SRP) at its plant at Bay St.Louis, Mississippi. Solvay is suspending SRP production at its plant, so that the company can concentrate on research and development.

***** PERMANENT PLANT SHUTDOWNS

Company Product Capacity in tonnes Shutdown

Japan Polypropylene Kashima, Ibaraki, Japan

Polypropylene 90,000 May 2011

Japan Polypropylene Ichihara, Chiba, Japan

Polypropylene 79,000 June 2011


PLANT CLOSURES Styrene unit shutdowns since 2007 Name of the Company and

region Annual capacity in

tonnes Date of closure

Americas

467,000 December 2009 Dow Chemicals,US 177,000 January 2009

Sterling Chemical, US 772,000 November 2007 Europe

Dow Chemical, The Netherlands 500,000 January 2009 Total,France 120,000 January 2009

Asia Mitsubishi,Japan 400,000 March 2011

Huntsman,Australia 100,000 December 2009 Dongbu HiTek Korea 280 000 December 2008 Asahi Kasei,Japan 150 000 October 2007

RILS CRUDE OIL OUTPUT DECLINES Reliance Industries has seen crude oil production falling by more than 31 percent from its MA oilfield in the predominantly gas-rich KG-D6 block off the east coast.

The reservoir is not performing as per its predictions, sources said. Production has dropped from about 32,000 barrels per day achieved in May to around 22,000 bpd currently.

Currently, six wells are on production in MA field in the eastern offshore KG-DWN-98/3 (or KG-D6) block.

RIL, which commenced commercial oil production from MA field in September 2008, had in its field development plan (FDP) envisaged a plateau oil output of 34,041 bpd in the 2nd year of production and 28,684 bpd in the 3rd year.

So far, the maximum production level of about 32,000 bpd was achieved for a few days only during May 2010, thereafter oil production has declined gradually. Besides crude oil, the MA oilfield produces 7 to 8 million standard cubic metre per day of natural gas. This output together with Dhirubhai-1 and 3 gas fields, take gas production from the KG-D6 block to around60 mmscmd.Even D1 and D3 fields have seen a two year delay in reaching plateau output of 80 mmscmd. The fields are now estimated to hit the peak production towards end of 2012.

The source said Reliance has been forced to cut output at MA oil fields because of sudden rise in water and gas production from the wells meant to produce crude oil.


SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PAGE

OIL RIG EXPLODES IN GULF OF MEXICO

An oil and gas platform in the Gulf of Mexico exploded in an accident that recalled the worst offshore oil spill in history, though there appeared to be no injuries. The platform is located more than 90 miles (145 km) south of Louisianas Vermilion Bay. The platform was undergoing maintenance and was not in active production, the U.S. Interior Department said. The plantform was authorized to produce oil and natural gas. The cause of the explosion was not known. The facility averaged 9.2 million cubic feet of natural gas per day and 1,400 barrels of oil and condensate per day during the last week of August. Some agency reports, quoting the U.S. Coast Guard, said that a mile-long oil sheen is spreading from the site off Louisiana. The site is west of where BPs massive spill occurred. All 13 crew members on the burning rig were evacuated to another offshore platform. The fire has been contained but is not yet extinguished.



Series of failures led to oil spill: BP The oil company BP said in an internal report that a sequence of failures involving several companies eventually led to the huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. No single factor caused the Macondo well tragedy, BP said in a statement about the report. Rather, a sequence of failures involving a number of different parties led to the explosion and fire which killed 11 people and caused widespread pollution in the Gulf of Mexico earlier this year. Conducted by the companys safety chief and a team of about 50 mostly BP employees, the BP inquiry was initiated almost immediately after the April 20 explosion that killed 11 and spilled almost five million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The 193-page report cited a complex and interlinked series of mechanical failures, human judgments, engineering design, operational implementation and team interfaces to deflect attention away from BP and back onto its contractors, especially Transocean, which owned the rig, and Halliburton, which performed cement jobs on the well.

***** BP Oil spill costs nearly $10 billion BPs bill for containing and cleaning up the oil spill has reached nearly $10 billion, as the US government declared that the blown out well has finally been plugged, five months after the explosion on the Deepwater Horizon rig. BP also said payouts to people affected by the spill such as fishermen, hoteliers and retailers had dramatically increased, since it handed over authority for dispensing funds to a appointee of US Government. BP has set up a $20 billion compensation fund, which has so far paid out 19000 claims totaling more than $240 million.. BP previously paid out about $3.5 million a day in compensation, but this has risen to $12.5 million a day. The oil well that spewed millions of gallons of crude into the sea has been sealed for good. The spill was halted in July with a temporary cap while a relief well was completed. That well finally reached the main shaft on September 16, permitting a cement plug to be pumped in.

***** Gas leak in Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Seven persons were rushed to the hospital in Chennai, after they complained of breathlessness and uneasiness after a chlorine leak from one of the pipes at gate number four in the Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Limited



factory on the Manali Express Highway, 40km from the city. Truck drivers on long haul routes parked near the factory witnessed the incident. They said a minor fire and leak occurred around 6.30 pm near a culvert outside the factory. Traffic was blocked on the busy highway for over half an hour as firemen and company officials tried to prevent passersby from inhaling the chlorine. Linear Alkaline Benzene (LAB) was being transported through underground pipes running across the highway to the other side of the factory when the leakage occurred near a culvert.

***** Explosion in CNPC Fushun Petrochemical, China On September 3rd, an explosion happened at No.3 Factory of CNPC Fushun Petrochemical Co., Ltd., located in Fushun, Liaoning province in China. Initial investigation indicated the leakage of oil pump at aromatics workshop resulted in the explosion. This is the second accident for CNPC in two months. Oil pipeline exploded in Dalian in July. CNPC Fushun Petrochemical has refining capacity of 10 million tonnes per annum now and is paraffin and alkyl benzene producer.

***** Chinese oil rig collapses The wrecked drilling platform at the Shengli oil field, operated by Chinese state oil and petrochemical company Sinopec in Bohai Bay, East China collapsed. Two workers are missing, while 34 were rescued.

***** Fatal blast shuts two units at Pemex Refinery,Mexico A fatal blast at Mexican state oil company Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEXs) Cadereyta refinery, in Nuevo Leon, shut down two of its 32 units. PEMEX shut down a hydro desulfurisation unit and a coker. The refinerys processing capacity will temporarily drop to 200,000 bbl per day from 215,000 bbl per day as a result of the shutdowns. The explosion occurred at a hydrodesulfurisation unit.

***** Explosion kills worker at Arizona Chemical A worker has been killed and four others injured in an explosion at US-based Arizona Chemicals pine oil and turpentine refinery plant in Qulu, Finland.



Arizona Chemical said the blast occurred at 08:30 local time when repair work was being carried out on a container that had been used to store flammable turpentine. The tank was said to have been cleaned beforehand.

*****

POWER SUPPLY CUT TO 24 POLLUTING DYE FACTORIES IN TAMIL NADU

The Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) snapped power supply to 24 dyeing units as per the directions of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB). The TNPCB gave the directive after the units failed to upgrade their common effluent treatment plant (CETP) and ensure zero discharge to avoid polluting the water bodies in the district. Sources said that authorities had given enough time for the dyeing units to upgrade the common effluent treatment plant, which was originally set up by 41 dyeing units in Telungupalayam and Selvapuram area, a decade ago for primary and secondary treatment. The effluents coming out of the units are entering the Ukkadam tank through roadside gutters and stormwater drains. The dyeing units had promised to complete the upgrading work by March 2010 to make it a tertiary treatment plant with reverse osmosis and reject management system facilities to ensure zero discharge and make the water re-usable, said TNPCB. However, it was pointed out that the upgrading required around investment of Rs.10 crore. This was unaffordable for the small units here that were expecting government subsidy which never came. As many as 17 of the 41 units in fact shut shop for good, stating the cost for upgrading was beyond their means. That left 24 dyeing units which were trying to improve the plant and they too were unable to do it on time.

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ANTI DUMPING PAGE

Opal glass The Government of India has initiated a probe into alleged dumping of a glass, widely used in lighting fixtures and tableware, by exporters from China and the UAE to protect domestic players. Acting on a complaint of a local producer, the Directorate General of Anti-Dumping and Allied Duties (DGAD) -- the Commerce Ministry's designated authority -- has started an investigation into alleged dumping of opal glassware. The probe would look into the imports between April 2009 and March 2010 and its subsequent impact on the local industry.

***** Neoprene The Ministry of Commerce (MOC) Government of China announced the interim review result concerning imported neoprene from Japan on August 25th. MOC found that importers should pay antidumping tariff when bringing neoprene from Japan into the Chinese market, effective August 28th, 2010. The tariff ratios are as follows: Denki Kagaku Kogyo

Kabushiki Kaisha 9.9% Tosoh Corporation 10.2% Showa Denko K.K 20.8% Others 43.9% MOC initiated the interim review on imported neoprene from Japan on August 28th, 2009. China had imposed tariff on imported neoprene from Japan, USA and the European Union for five years since May 9th, 2005. And the Ministry is going along final review on the case before May 10th, 2011.

***** Fatty alcohol European Commission has launched an antidumping investigation into imports of certain fatty alcohols and their blends originating in India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The decision follows a complaint to the commission last June by Cognis and Sasol Olefins and Surfactants, a Sasol subsidiary. Cognis and Sasol account for more than 50% of the EUs output of the fatty alcohols and their blends, the commission says. The probe will cover the period between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010. The commission will decide by November 2011 whether to impose antidumping duties on fatty alcohol and blend imports from the three countries.


UPDATE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nano technology to detect pollution Scientists at the 619-year-old University of Ferrara in northern Italy have devised a nanotechnology-based biosensor, which can detect the type and quantity of pollutants in the atmosphere. a separate sensor is used. All of these are combined in a single box and can be installed on top of buildings or in open areas. Prof. Guidi said that the biosensors consume just 1W of power. If one installs a photovoltaic cell, the biosensor will work on solar energy, eliminating the need for conventional energy resources. Nepal has installed the biosensors in the Himalayas to monitor pollution in the worlds largest mountain system. The box relays the findings to satellites and the data is collected via earth stations. China too has made use of the technology devised by the Italian university.

*****

Using carbon nanotubes to enhance solar energy MIT chemical engineers have found that by using carbon nanotubes (hollow tubes of carbon atoms), solar energy can be concentrated 100 times more than a regular photo voltaic cell. Such nanotubes could form antennas that capture and focus light energy, potentially allowing much smaller and more powerful solar arrays. Michael Strano, the Charles and Hilda Roddey Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering and leader of the research team and his students claim

The compact device can selectively detect carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, various oxides of nitrogen and ozone present in the atmosphere, said Vincenzo Guidi, who led a five-year long study to develop the gizmo. The biosensor is only as big as a toffee. Specially made nano powders are printed on sun films. For each pollutant,


UPDATE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY

that their new carbon nanotube antenna or solar funnel might also be useful for any other application that requires light to be concentrated, such as night-vision goggles or telescopes. Solar panels generate electricity by converting photons (packets of light energy) into an electric current, reports Nature. Stranos nanotube antenna boosts the number of photons that can be captured and transforms the light into energy that can be funneled into a solar cell. The antenna consists of a fibrous rope about 10 micrometers (millionths of a meter) long and four micrometers thick, containing about 30 million carbon nanotubes. Stranos team built, for the first time, a fibre made of two layers of nanotubes with different electrical properties specifically, different bandgaps. In any material, electrons can exist at different energy levels. When a photon strikes the surface, it excites an electron to a higher energy level, which is specific to the material. The interaction between the energized electron and the hole it leaves behind is called an exciton and the difference in energy levels between the hole and the electron is known as the bandgap. The inner layer of the antenna contains nanotubes with a small bandgap and nanotubes in the outer layer have a higher bandgap.

*****

UPDATE ON CARBON TRADING Govt to set up 16 carbon credit centres

The Government of India is in the process of setting up 16 carboncredit-accredited centres across India with a funding of Rs 15 lakhs for each centre as grant.

The Ministry provides funding support to MSME units that adopt energy efficient technologies. A grant of 25 per cent of the project cost subject to a ceiling of Rs 10 lakhs would be given to MSME units that adopt energy efficient technologies.


UPDATE ON CARBON TRADING Carbon credits for solar units Climate change firm Emergent Ventures International (EVI) has launched an initiative to aggregate solar power projects and help them earn carbon credits from the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) that aims to reduce emissions through deployment of clean technologies. These project developers include small entrepreneurs and corporates, who have received licences to set up solar power projects up to 5 MW in the next couple of years. Such projects are part of the Government's National Solar Mission that envisages an installed capacity of 20,000 MW by 2020. Aggregation of solar projects into one programme would significantly bring down the costs associated with the CDM registration and auditing for the project developers. EVI's initiative is part of Programmatic CDM' or Program of Activities' (PoA), wherein similar projects are grouped into a single CDM programme to reduce green house gas emissions. The registration, auditing and consultation costs of a single CDM project could range between Rs 20 to 50 lakh, irrespective of the size of the projects.

*****

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DEEP SEA ETHYLENE TERMINAL PROJECT OF INEOS Significant additional ethylene and polyolefins capacities are coming on stream in the Middle East and more are expected. The product from the Middle East is largely destined for fast-growing markets in Asia, but Europe has for years been reckoned to be under threat from higher import volumes. INEOS appears to be wanting to take advantage of a period of more readily available deep-sea ethylene to put its crackers and ethylene consuming units in Europe on a firmer footing. The terminal will be connected to the INEOS ethylene consuming plant in the Amsterdam-Rotterdam Antwerp (ARA) area and also to the ARG ethylene pipeline connecting Antwerp to Cologne and the Ruhr region of Germany. The INEOS Group is the largest consumer of ethylene in Europe. The terminal will secure the competitiveness of the companys plants in Antwerp and balance INEOs requirements for ethylene across Western Europe. There are five ethylene terminals in Europe, each of which contributes in its own way to the regions chemicals and polyolefins effectiveness. But it has been difficult to export ethylene to Europe. If it were to be built, the INEOS facility would be likely to have spare capacity and possibly open up the prospect of third-party access. It is far from certain that INEOSs requirements alone would be sufficient to enable efficient operation of the terminal and its storage. The terminal would help raise the competitiveness of the INEOS ethylene chain plants in Europe

UK-based INEOSs plans to build and operate a deep-sea ethylene terminal near Antwerp in Belgium. The company plans to build and operate one million tonne per year ethylene terminal at its Zwijindrecht facility in Belgium, which is run by INEOS Oxide. The operation of the deep-sea terminal, which is expected to start in 2012, will significantly change the shape of the ethylene market in Europe. Deep-sea ethylene volumes are currently available out of the Middle East, with regular volumes from Iran and considerable availability reportedly from some of the recent start-ups in Saudi Arabia, which are awaiting effective offtake from new downstream units.


DEEP SEA ETHYLENE TERMINAL PROJECT OF INEOS and could put older, less efficient plants along the ARG pipeline under further pressure. INEOS will want to take full advantage of the new facility and is believed to be in talks with specialty chemical company Arkema and energy and chemicals company Total, both of France, about pipeline connections in that country. The INEOS facility would be open to third-party access and provide a convenient buffer to help European players.

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PLANS FOR LNG IMPORT RE GASSIFICATION TERMINALS

PNGRB, which will soon finalise its norms to make the petroleum infrastructure fair and competitive, has found that it will be impractical to forcibly make refiners open up facilities for third party access. Reliance Industries told PNGRB that oil refining and processing should not be open up for use by other entities. Instead, such access may be given only in facilities for storage, transportation, distribution and marketing petroleum, its derivatives and natural gas. The Board is now set to finalise the PNGRB (fostering fair trade and competition against entities by sharing of infrastructure) Regulations. The huge capital requirement and environmental constraints limit the number of players in the infrastructure sector, giving the early birds an advantage. This makes it essential for regulators to remove the entry barriers in the sector by giving a chance to new players to use existing infrastructure. Besides, the regulator also wants to open up LNG terminals for third party use, a proposal, which has drawn protests from companies like Total Gas and Power India SAS, a subsidiary of French energy company Total S A that that owns an LNG import and re-gassification facility along with HPCL. Total has said that the proposed regulation should not be applicable to infrastructure already created because the company had no clue about such an obligation while making huge investments in India seven years ago. Gail (India) Ltd, which is in the business of gas and LPG transportation, has told the regulator that LNG terminals should be opened up for other users. The Board has also decided to drop its plan to fix a 12% return on investment for the owner of an infrastructure facility as the fee for allowing other entities to use it. Instead, it has now proposed a fair and reasonable incentive to be negotiated between the user and the provider. Reliance Industries Ltd, however, has endorsed the regulator's original plan of fixing the fee based on costs. The regulator also has proposed to strengthen the rights of entities owning and controlling infrastructure facilities. The draft rules had said that the owner has the right of first use, so long as it does not come in the way of consumers getting petroleum products and gas at competitive rates. PNGRB has now dropped the 'consumer interest' clause with respect to the infrastructure owner's rights and has proposed that it should be a consideration for third party access only regarding surplus capacity.

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) has dropped its plan to open up oil refining and processing capacity for third-party access after leading companies opposed it, but now plans to similarly open up liquified natural gas (LNG) import and its re-gassification terminals to make the country's hydrocarbon infrastructure free of entry barriers.


RESEARCH EFFORTS ON GLYCERIN BASED PRODUCTS Ethanol from glycerin Texas, US-based biochemical company Glycos Biotechnologies will soon commercially produce crude glycerin-based ethanol, isoprene and acetone in a 20,000 to 40,000 tonne per year biorefinery being built in Nusajaya, Iskandar, Malaysia. The facility is expected to be completed in early 2012. GlycoBios technology was originally developed by researchers from Texas, US-based Rice University. During the AOCS conference, lead researcher Ramon Gonzalez said that GlycosBio was able to convert crude glycerin into succinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, 1,2 propanediol (PDO) and hydrogen using the e.coli bacteria strain.

Glycerin is a by-product of biodiesel and co-product of fatty acid production. In the past, glycerin has been traded as a normal chemical additive but with the advent of biodiesel production in Europe at first, and now the US, South America and Southeast Asia, glycerin has fallen to the lowest prices in the history of glycerin production. Global refined glycerin price continued to plunge after reaching a peak of $2.205 per tonne, during the first half of 2008. Research and development efforts for new glycerin applications is strengthening, driven by continued low glycerin prices worldwide. Microbial fermentation presented opportunities to use glycerin as feedstock in the production of several novel surfactants, as well as well-established chemicals.

Researchers from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) also presented at the conference their development of glycolipid surfactants sophorolipids and rhamnolipids by fermenting either crude or refined glycerin. The surfactants are being developed in detergent applications as an alternative to phosphate.


RESEARCH EFFORTS ON GLYCERIN BASED PRODUCTS According to the USDA, companies currently involved in the development and marketing of sophorolipids include Belgium-based Ecover, Frances Groupe Soliance, Saraya of Japan and South Korea-based MG Intobio. Fungicide US-based Jeniel Biosurfactant is currently marketing rhamnolipids in a biofungicide called ZONIX, as well as a biosurfactant called RECO for use in cleaning and recovering oil from storage tanks. 2-Amino phenol Procter & Gamble (P & G) has an active R & D programme for the development of value-added uses for glycerin for several years. It claims to be the worlds largest producer of USP-grade glycerin. P & G also noted at the AOCS conference its development of 2-amino-1propanol (2AP) via catalytic transformation of glycerin. P&G said the process offered a route to an amino alcohol that is not readily available in the market. This chemistry provides a market opportunity to convert glycerin to a value-added product, 2AP-an amino alcohol with wide-range application potential. Glycerin based propylene glycol US agribusiness company Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) reported a continuing delay in the start-up of its 100,000 tonne per year glycerin-based PG plant in Decatur, Illinois, US. The facility was originally planned to start in December 2009. ADM said that it was working through start-up issues and should be fully operational by the end of the year. US chemical companies Huntsman and Dow Chemical have also announced their intentions to make propylene glycol from glycerin, but no recent updates were given regarding plans for this project. Glycerin-based ECH projects Thailand-based vinyl and chlor-alkali producer Vinythai is building a 100,000 tonne per year glycerin-based ECH project in Mab Ta Phut, which will use Solvays Epicerol technology. The project was first announced by Belgium-based chemical company Solvay in 2007 and was expected to start late last year. The plant is now scheduled to operate in the first quarter of 2012.


RESEARCH EFFORTS ON GLYCERIN BASED PRODUCTS Solvay has already been producing glycerin-based ECH at its 20,000 tonne per year facility in Tavaux, France, since 2007. Solvay also plans to have a 100,000 tonne per year glycerin-based ECH plant in China by 2014. Chinese chemical company Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical is currently producing glycerin-based ECH at two facilities, each with a capacity of 30,000 tonne per year, both located at Yizheng in eastern Chinas Jiangsu province. Czech epoxy resin producer Spol-chemie also intends to expand its focus on glycerin-based ECH production with a facility planned in Malaysia. The glycerin-to-ECH plant was expected to start up in Q3 2009, but financial difficulties forced the company to reconsider. Spol-chemie is currently producing glycerin-based ECH at its 15,000 tonne per year plant in Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic. Poland-based chemical company Zachem plans to build a glycerin-based ECH plant in the region, expected to start in December 2011. Global glycerin demand, `000 tonnes

2007 2008 2009 2010 Consumer

care 800 830 750 780

Technical 420 400 300 330 Substitution of MEG

0 30 60 70

Animal feed 170 100 130 150 Incineration 134 86 70 20 Biogas 50 100 300 300 ECH 30 50 80 100 MPG 10 10 20 50

Biomethanol 0 20 70 140 Acrylic acid 0 0 20 40

Total 1,614 1,636 1,810 1,990 % increase 5% 1.4% 10.6% 9.9%

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SPOTLIGHT ON TRIACETONAMINE (TAA) Triacetonamine is white or light yellow powder Molecular Formula: C9H17NO CAS No. 826-36-8 Other names: Triacetone amine hydrate 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl piperidinone 4-Oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine; Triacetonamine is moderately soluble in water and is soluble in acetone, alcohol and ether. The product is stable in normal conditions. The important derivative products of triacetonamine include the following * Triacetone diamine (TAD), * Hexamethylene-bis-triacetone diamine (HMBTAD) * TEMPO compounds (tetramethyl piperidine N-oxyl). Applications

The derivatives of triacetonamine including hexamethylene bis-triacetone diamine, are used as intermediates in the production of hindered amine light stabilizers, which improve the properties of plastics that are subjected to intense light radiation. Hexamethylene-bis-triacetonediamine (HMBTAD), an intermediate used to make UV stabilizers. (HALS). HMBTAD is an intermediate for hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS). Global producers Triacetonamine is produced by Evonik in Germany and China and by Ciba in Italy . Other manufacturers are known to exist in China. Evonik Leading global supplier

Evonik is the worlds leading supplier of TAA derivatives in terms of traded volumes. It makes the products at its Marl, Germany complex Evonik Industries plans to expand capacity for triacetonamine (TAA) derivatives in China. The company preferably makes the products at its Evonik Tianda (Liaoyang) Chemical Additive Co. joint venture at Liaoyang, China but says the site is full with no available space for expansion. Evonik has 70% of the jv and Tianda Electric (Liaoyang) holds the rest, but Evoniks share will increase following the expansion. The joint venture will relocate its plant to a separate site, dubbed the Aromatics Site, in the Liaoyang region in China and expand capacity there considerably. Full production is scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter of 2011.


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE At normal temperature, thionyl chloride is a clear yellow liquid free from visible foreign matter and with pungent aroma odour . Chemical formula: SOCl2 Specification

Description Value

Purity 99.6% (Min.) Sulphur chlorides 0.05% (Max.) Sulphuryl chloride 0.15% (Max.)

Sulphur Dioxide 0.30% (Max.)

Iron 5 ppm (Max.) Residue on ignition 0.01% (Max.) Distillation range 95% distills between 74 deg C to 78 deg C

Specific Gravity at 20 deg.C 1.62 to 1.64

APPLICATION

Thionyl chloride is reactive chemical reagent used mainly as chlorinating agent in organic synthesis, as intermediates in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff. Agrochemicals Cypermethric acid chloride (DV acid choride) Cypermethric acid chloride is mainly used for the manufacture of following synthetic pyrethroids * Cypermethrin * Permethrin * Alphacypermethrin

* Bectacypermethrin * Deltamethrin

Insecticide * DEPA(N,N-Diethylphenyl

Acetamide) * DEET(N,N-diethyl-m

toluamide)

* Endosulphan * Fenvelarate * Metholachlor * Metamitron

* Hexaconazole * Metalaxyl


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE Pharmaceuticals * Ciprofloxacin/Sparfloxocin * Folic acid * Mebendazole * Procaine * Pseudo Ephedrine HCl * Hydrochlorothiazide

* Oxyclozanide * Oxyphenbutazone * Iopamidol Technical * Esbiothrin (2 methyl Furan

Route)

As chlorinating and sulphonating agent (Carboxylic acid chloride, aliphatic alkyl chloride, aromatic sulphonyl chloride)

Thionyl chloride is used as co-reactant in sulphonations and chlorosulphonations. It is used as chlorinating agent in the preparation of acid chlorides from carboxylic acids, aliphatic alkyl chlorides, aromatic sulphonyl chlorides including the important organic reactant acetyl chloride. Acid chlorides are used to prepare many carboxylic acid derivative, anhydrides, esters or amides. Also used in the preparation of alkyl chlorides. Thionyl chloride is used in the preparation of fatty acid chlorides, which in turn are reacted to form a variety of surface-active agents.

Derivative chemicals * Dimethyl sulphate * Acetyl chloride * 3,4, diamino benzophenone * Beta-chloro ethyl amine

hydrochloride * Diethylamino-1-methyl

butylamine

* N,N dimethyl amino ethyl chloride hydrochloride

* Palimityl chloride * Trichloro acetyl chloride * Trichloro acetaldehyde

Dyestuff Used in the preparation of Vinyl sulphone type reactive dyes. Lithium battery Thionyl chloride is used in Lithium-Thionyl chloride batteries as the positive active material with Lithium as the negative active material.


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE Other miscellaneous applications Engineering Thermoplastics One of the applications are in the preparation of engineering thermoplastics of the polyarylate type made from iso and terephthaloyl chlorides, which are made from the corresponding acids and thionyl chloride. A patent describes the use of thionyl chloride in the preparation of a key intermediate, bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulphone, which is used to make a commercial polysulphone engineering thermoplastic. The sulphone group is derived from chlorosulphonic acid; thionyl chloride may be considered a coreactant which removes water. Cationic Starch The reaction intermediate, (C2H5)2NCH2CH2Cl.HCl, which is used to produce cationic starch, is made by the reaction of (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH with thionyl chloride. As catalyst Thionyl chloride is used as a catalyst for the production of target molecules such as pesticides, dyes, photographic chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Nerve agent Thionyl chloride is a precursor for nerve agent and possibly mustard gas. Price Basic price Rs.42 per kg

Producers

Name of the company Location

Lanxess (Formerly Gwalior Chemical Industries Ltd.)

Nagda, Madhya Pradesh

Transpek Industry Limited, Gujarat

Indian production Production 54,000 metric tonnes per annum


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE CONSUMPTION NORM FOR SELECTED END USE APPLICATION

Basis: One tonne of end product

Agrochemicals

Product Requirement of thionyl chloride in tonne

Chloropyriphos Technical 95% 1.061 Cypermethrin Tech min 92% 0.329 D-Trans Allethrin 0.476 DV Acid Chloride/Cypermethric Acid Chloride 1.74 Endosulfan (Technical) 0.350 Fenvalerate Technical 0.470 Hexaconazol Technical 92% Min 0.455 Metalaxyl Technical 94% min 0.600

Pharmaceuticals


Folic Acid 2.204 Mebendazole 0.900 Oxyclozanide Vet BP 85 0.7 Oxyphenbutazone 2.500 Iopamidol Technical 1.86

Ciprofloxacin/Sparfloxocin 1.59 Esbiothrin (2 methyl Furan Route) 0.474

Dyestuff


Reactive Blue GN (Reactive Blue 21) 0.230 Solvent Blue K-132 0.311 Derivative Products

Product Requirement of thionyl chloride In tonne

5 Chloro aniline 2:4 Disulphonamide 1.77 2-Ethoxy-1-Napthoyl Chloride 1.15 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Benzaldehyde 1.02 4-Chloro-3-Nitro Benzo Phenone 0.644 Trichloro Acetyl chloride 0.816 4-Amino-3-Nitro Benzophenone 0.581 4-Chloro Benzhydryl Chloride 1.39 2-Methyl Benzhydryl Chloride 1.53 1-Acetyl 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Piperazine 2.52


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE Imports Import: 500 tonnes per annum Pattern of countrywise imports Exports Export : 750 tonnes per annum Pattern of countrywise export

Spain4%

Russia2%

Slovenia4%

United Kingdom4% France

19%

Korea S59%

Israel8%

Sample of export of thionyl chloride

Country Quantity in tonnes

Value in Rs

Date Port

Germany 19.5 565357 3.4.09 to 7.4.09 JNPT France 18 464778 8.4.09 to 12.4.09 JNPT Korea.S 16.8 644407 7.5.09 to 10.5.09 JNPT Korea.S 16.2 586685 6.6.09 to 9.6.09 JNPT

Korea.S 32.4 1170858 3.7.09 to 6.7.09 JNPT Korea.S 16.2 579073 10.6.09 to 15.6.09 JNPT UK 18 506583 10.6.09 to 15.6.09 JNPT

Korea.S 32.4 178168 6.9.09 to 12.9.09 JNPT Korea.S 16.2 589084 10.9.09 to .9.09 JNPT Korea.S 16.2 550297 13.11.09 to 15.11.09 JNPT

Germany 20 515176 4.10.09 to 8.10.09 JNPT Russia 9 392392 12.1.2010 JNPT Korea.S 16.2 556609 5.1.2010 JNPT

Subtitution possibilities Chlorosulphonic acid In application sector where thionyl chloride is used for chlorosulphonation purposes, it can be substituted by chlorosulphonic acid.


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE When chlorosulphonic acid is used as chlorosulphonating agent, HCl alone is produced as toxic gas. However, in the case of thionyl chloride, in addition to HCl, sulphur dioxide is also produced. Sulphuryl chloride

Sulphuryl chloride can also be used as the chlorosulphonating agent, when sulphur dioxide gas would be produced. Anti dumping The Directorate General of Anti Dumping and Allied Duties of Governemnt of India has recommended an anti dumping duty of $33 per tonne on thionyl chloride produced by Lanxess and $84 per tonne duty for all other EU manufacturers and exporters. Demand scenario Main demand driver for thionyl chloride is the growth of pesticide sector as well as vinyl sulphone and acid chloride. Viscose dye pigments are frequently used by the dye industries and thionyl chloride is the precursor for the manufacture of viscose dye pigments. Indian demand Indian demand 54,000 tonnes per annum AAGR in demand 7%

Pattern of sectorwise demand

Miscellaneous including Derivative

chemicals and Lithium battery

10%

Pharmaceutical14%

Dyestuff 23%

Pesticide53%


THIONYL CHLORIDE PRODUCT PROFILE Global demand supply scenario Global demand: 0.5 million tonnes per annum Global growth rate in demand 2% to 3% per annum Important Global Producers

Mitchell COTTS Chemicals Ltd., USA Fabrichem Inc., USA Great Lakes Chem Corp., USA Rheineisen Chemical Products GmbH, Germany. Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co.Ltd, Japan Saurefabrik Schweizerhall, Switzerland Exchem Organics, USA Fine Organics limited, USA SF-Chem, Switzerland

Process Thionyl chloride is produced directly by reaction of chlorine with sulphur monochloride. The various processes involved for thionyl Chloride include the following. SCl2 + SO2 + Cl2 > 2SOCl2 SCl2 + SO3 > SOCl2 + SO2

SCl2 + SO2Cl2 > 2SOCl2 Prognosis

It is likely that additional capacities may not be created for chlorosulphonated products in Western countries and USA in future, who may prefer to buy the product from developing countries like India and China. However, this would depend upon the cost competitiveness of the product produced in countries like India and China and the freight factors vis--vis the present level of cost factors in developed countries for the Chlorosulphonated products.


IODOPHOR INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SMALL SCALE SECTOR

Physical characteristics Appearance Brown liquid pH 1 to 2 Stability Stable under normal temperature and pressure Hazardous decomposition products Hydrogen iodide, iodine Handling and storage Iodophor should be stored in a tightly closed container kept in cool, dry, well-ventilated area and away from incompatible. Hands should be washed thoroughly after handling. Product composition

Product

Composition in wt %

Distilled water 68 to 70 Nonyl phenol ethylene oxide 25 to 27

Phosphoric acid 2 to 4 Iodine 2.5

Product application Iodophor is used as a sanitizer and germicide in the following industries * Dairy and food processing * Poultry sector

* Breweries

Iodophor is preparation containing iodine complexed with a solubilizing agent or any surfactant to form iodine complex. The product can be mixed in water. The result is a water-soluble material that releases free iodine when in solution. A group of iodophors have been developed and are marketed for a wide variety of disinfectant uses. Some of these products have a built-in indicator of disinfectant activity. Diluted iodophor has a reddish-brown tint to it. As the solution is used up, the normal amber (brownish-yellow) colour fades. When the solution is colourless, it is no longer effective.


IODOPHOR -INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SMALL SCALE SECTOR

Indian producers of iodophor include the following * Polchem Hygiene Laboratories Pvt. Ltd,Pune * Nikisha Chemicals Pvt.Ltd, Maharashtra * Narsipur Chemicals Private Limited,Maharashtra * Disinfecto Chemical industries,Lucknow * Venkateshwara Biosentry,Haryana * Vishnu Priya Chemicals, Hyderabad * Paxmy Specialty Chemicals,Chennai * Sai Baba Chemicals, Hyderabad * Thermo Electron LLS India Pvt. Ltd,Navi Mumbai Indian production and demand level : 410 tonnes per annum Pattern of demand

Animal husbandry/farms

2%

Dairy sector98%

Manufacturing process Iodophor is prepared by mixing iodine with the solubilizing agent;. Iodophor can be prepared by dissolving crystalline iodine in heated isopropanol. Heating is continued and non-ionic detergent (alkyl phenyl ethoxylate) is added. Finally, cold water is slowly added to make final volume of iodophor. Iodophor acts best at low pH. The low pH (6 or below) can be obtained by adding sulphuric or phosphoric acid to the formulation.


IODOPHOR -INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY IN SMALL SCALE SECTOR Raw material requirement Basis: One tonne of iodophor Crystalline iodine 22 kg Isopropanol 100 kg Nonyl phenyl ethoxylate 100 kg Sulphuric acid / phosphoric acid Small quantity to lower the pH Water To make up Iodine Availability Iodine is presently not produced in India. Indian requirement of iodine is met by import. Annual import of iodine

1958 1975 2372

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Quan

tity

in to

nn

es

2006 to 2007 2007 to 2008 2008 to 2009

Period

Recommendation Iodophor can be applied safely to all surfaces and are useful for disinfecting hatchery and incubator surfaces, incubator and hatchery trays, feeders, footwear and poultry buildings. There are substitution possibilities for iodophor such as sodium hypochlorite in some applications. Some of the dairy units are also using steam instead of iodophor. Iodophor is a good investment opportunity in the small scale sector and the demand is likely to go up in the coming years, in view of the increasing stress on sanitation and environmental issues in the industrial sector. The regional demand supply scenario should guide the investment decision.


INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN FLUORINE CHEMICALS BORON TRIFLUROIDE

Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a colourless, toxic and corrosive, nonflammable gas.

When dry, it fumes in the presence of moisture yielding a dense white smoke. It is stable in dry atmosphere. Alternate name Boron fluoride Trifluoroborane Trifluoroboron CAS No 7637-07-2 BF3 has irritating , pungent odour and is soluble in concentrated nitric acid, benzene, dichlorobenzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide Solubility in water 332 g per 100 g at 0 deg C BF3 easily polymerises unsaturated compounds such as butylenes, styrene, or vinyl esters, as well as cyclic molecules such as tetrahydrofuran. Boron trifluoride is primarily a pulmonary irritant. High concentrations burn skin similarly to acids such as HBF4 BF3 should be stored in gas cylinders away from heat in a ventilated place.

The important types of fluorine chemicals are

Fluorinated alkanes Fluoro polymers Fluorine containing fine chemicals Fluoride salts.

Among them, there are many fluorine containing fine chemicals. Most fluorine containing fine chemicals are considered as speciality chemicals with small production base and with high value and providing technology challenges as well as opportunities. Nandini Chemical Journal would publish series of articles on fluorine chemicals that have high level of relevance to the industrial and economic growth pattern and represent good investment opportunities. In this issuce, Boron trifluoride is discussed In the last issue, Vinylidine fluoride/Polyvinylidene fluoride was discussed.


BORON TRIFLUROIDE

Specification of BF3

Description Specification BF3 (By wt %) 99.5% min

SiF4 0.015% max SO2 + SO3 expressed as S 0.0015% max

Inert compounds 0.4% max Boron trifluoride etherate Boron trifluoride etherate is a fuming colourless liquid. It is immediately hydrolysed by moisture in air. Alternate name Boron Fluoride Ethyl Ether, Boron fluoride Etherate, Ethyl Ether Boron trifluoride complex CAS No 109-63-7 Molecular formula BF3(C2H5)2O Specification of boron trifluoride etherate BF3 content 47 to 49% Density at 20 deg. C: 1.28 gm per cc

Boron trifluoride etherate on decomposition forms highly toxic fumes of fluorides. APPLICATIONS OF BF3 Applications of BF3 include the following * Acts as an acid catalyst for esterification, nitrations, oxidations,

reductions, and halogenations. * As a Lewis acid catalyst for alkylation of aromatic compounds; * In polymer technology, in manufacture of phenolic and epoxy resins; * In synthesis of other boron-containing organic and inorganic compounds; * In purification of hydrocarbons to remove unsaturates and sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen containing compounds; * In nuclear technology, for separation of boron isotopes;


BORON TRIFLUROIDE

* As a filling gas for neutron counters; * In metallurgy, as flux and antioxidant; * As a flame colouring agent for liquefied petroleum gas. Application of boron trifluoride etherate The application of boron trifluoride etherate include the following

* Used for production of DV acid/ Synthetic Pyrethroid * Principle applications as an alkylation catalyst, especially in the preparation of alkyl phenols. * Used to catalyse inter reaction between alkyl metal compounds. * Catalyst for polymerisation reactions such as those used in the production of indene-coumarone resins.

Sample of boron trifluoride exports from India

Country Quantity in tonne Value in Rs. Period Port

Taiwan 5.600 1605208 3.4.09 to 7.4.09 JNPT

Taiwan 5.500 1876604 13.4.09 to 16.4.09 JNPT

Korea S 4.700 142668 3.6.09 to 5.6.09

Documents

NCJ-Oct-2010