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TRENDS IN THE USE OF CROPS DEVELOPED

THROUGH BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE USA AND THE WORLD

BY:Dr. Duane R. Berglund

Professor of Plant Science andNDSU Extension Agronomist

BiotechnologyTerminology Used

• GMO’s

• Transgenics

• GMC’s

• GM’s

• HTC’s

Definition of Biotechnology

• “ The application of science and engineering in the direct and indirect use of living organisms or parts or products of living organisms, in their natural or modified forms”. Agric. And Agric. Food Canada.

• “ A collection of scientific techniques…… that are used to create, improve or modify plants, animals and microorganisms…U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.

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‘Natural’ GM of Crops Works!

• Corn grain yields have increased by 1.6 bushels per acre per year for the last 70 years. – Primarily due to ‘natural’

genetic modification (GM) and improved crop production technologies.

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But, some worry…

• The annual yield gain (1.6 bu/ac/yr) as a percent of the yield potential of the corn crop has been decreasing for the past 70 years.

Nagging Question:Can we keep up with the increasing global need for food?

Rapid Adaptation – Biotech Crops

Soybean

Corn

Cotton

Canola

3 years

3 years

2-3 years

1-2 years

BIO TECH CROPS – 2005UNITED STATES

USDA Estimates: Major Crops

• 118 million acres in USA

• 10 % Increase in acres

• 30 fold increase since inception in 1996

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2003 GM Major USA Crop Plantings

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USA Major GM Crop Plantings

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BIO TECH CROPS – 2005UNITED STATES

• 87% soybean acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant).

• 63.8 Million Acres GM

• 70% canola acres GM (Glyphosate tolerant and Liberty tolerant)

• 700,000 Acres GM

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BIO TECH CROPS - 2005

• 52% corn acres GM 26 % Bt only 17 % Herbicide

tolerant only 9% Stacked gene

Hybrids

• 42.4 Million Acres GM in USA

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BIO TECH CROPS - 2005

• 79% cotton acres GM 18% Bt only 27% Herbicide

Tolerant only 34% Stacked gene

cultivars

• 11.1 Million Acres GM in USA

2005 Biotech Crop Estimates NORTH DAKOTA

• Corn - North Dakota 52 % Acres

• Soybeans- North Dakota 89% Acres

• Canola – USA including North Dakota 70% Acres or higher

GM Soybeans in 2005

7678808284868890929496

Neb. S. Dak. Minn N.Dak.

3-D Column 1

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Why Do Farmers Grow Herbicide Tolerant Soybeans

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Herbicide Tolerant Crops – Benefits

• Easy to use

• Full spectrum weed control

• No carryover residues (Liberty or Roundup)

• Environmentally safe

• Excellent crop safety

• Wide application window (crop stages & weed stages)

• Control of larger weeds

• Allowance for rescue weed control

• Less cost??

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• Spray drift –non-target crops• Multiple applications may be required• Misapplication to non-resistant crop varieties• Premium price for seed• Short rotations resulting in added disease/insect problems• Public non-acceptance of genetically altered crops• Pollen movement to organically grown crops• Resistant weed species (Expected in the future)• Resistant volunteers to control

Herbicide Tolerant Crops - Concerns

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Biotech Update/Status Other Crops

• SUGARBEET: Roundup Ready is label approved– Liberty Tolerant is label approvedHowever, Industry Processors will not accept!!

• SUNFLOWER: (Imi) Clearfield sunflower– Hybrids in commercial Fields since 2002(Non-GM)

• WHEAT: (Hard Red Spring): (Imi) Clearfield wheat– Available in 2002– Roundup Ready – Presently placed on hold!! -Certain Markets not ready to accept!!

• POTATO: Bt potato available and approved– Cultivars were withdrawn because of food

safety/marketing issues

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Number of Deregulated Articles (total) by Phenotype Category

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Added Value Soybean Grain and Grain Products

Protein Quality

Energy, Digestibility

Increased StabilityHealthy Oils

38% Protein

30%Carbohydrate

18% Oil

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GERMPLASM BASE - THE FOUNDATION

PR

OD

UC

TIV

ITY

(Val

ue

Cre

atio

n)

INDUSTRIAL & NOVEL PRODUCTSRenewable PolymersChemical FeedstocksNutraceuticals

CROP PROTECTION Insect ResistanceDisease ResistanceHerbicide Tolerance•

FEED NutritionEnvironmentMeat Quality•

FOOD HealthNutritionFlavor•

PLANT PERFORMANCE Drought ToleranceCold ToleranceMaturity•

Waves of Productivity Improvement

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There is a huge hungry world to feed (Growing Population).

There has never been a greater need for aggressive agricultural research!

There has never been more promise of what research can accomplish!

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Thanks for your attentionANY QUESTIONS