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Regional primary energy consumption patterns 2007
coal hydro
nuclear
gas
oil
From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption per capita
From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Oil consumption per capita
• 2007: Demand grows to 7.6 million bbls/day
• 2006: China accounts for 35-40% of world demand growth over past 5 years
• 2025: Demand expected to reach 14.2 million bbls/day, (10.9 million bbl/day imports)
World Oil Consumption: 2003 & 2030
Chart from US Dept of Energy EIA: International Energy Outlook 2006, Figure 27
Distribution of proven oil reserves in billion barrels
1987: 910.2 1997: 1069.3 2007: 1237.9 From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Angola joined OPEC in December 2006
Ecuador and Gabon left the OPEC cartel in the 1990s
Indonesia became a net importer in 2004
Blue designates members of OPEC Brown designates oil producer (non-OPEC)
Base map: www.petroleumgraphics.com; Million Bbl/Day data from US Dept. of Energy EIA 2007
China: 3.8
Russia: 9.7
Kazakhstan: 1.4
Nigeria: 2.4
Angola: 1.4
Libya: 1.8
Norway: 2.8
Saudi Arabia: 10.7
Iran: 4.1
Iraq: 2.0
Algeria: 2.1
Kuwait 2.7
UAE: 2.9 Indonesia: 1.1
Qatar: 1.1
2006 Oil Producers (mil bbl/day)
UK: 1.7
Mexico: 3.7
Canada: 3.3
United States: 8.4
Venezuela: 2.8
2006 Oil Producers Base map: www.petroleumgraphics.com; Million Bbl/Day data from US Dept. of Energy EIA 2007
Brazil: 2.2
Swing Capacity
Bab el-Mandab 3.0 Bosporus/Turkish Straits 3.1 Strait of Hormuz: 17
Strait of Malacca 11.7Russia 2.0Suez Canal/Sumed: 4.2Panama Canal: 0.6
7
2
3
4567
5
6
1
1
2 3
4
Oil Chokepoints (Millions of Barrels per Day)
DatafromUSDeptofEnergyEIA2005(2004estimates)
Tanker Traffic • Oct 2002: French
supertanker attacked off coast of Yemen.
• June 2002: Moroccan government arrested al-Qaeda operatives suspected of plotting tanker raids in the Strait of Gibraltar.
• Maritime insurance tripled in Yemeni waters. Typical supertanker costs $450,000/trip for ship only.
• 4,000 tankers in use. • Typical supertanker has
2 million bbl capacity. • Key Straits could be
blocked by one burning supertanker/ oil slick.
DatafromtheInstitutefortheAnalysisofGlobalSecurity
Photo by Gavin Helf
Canada’s Oil
Thomas Friedman’s First Law of Petropolitics
From Foreign Policy May/June 2006
Russia
Image from Norilsk Nickel magazine
Data from EIA 2007
Where are the Hydrocarbons?
From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
European Reliance on Russian Natural Gas (2007)
1 Germany (1,378 bcf) 36%
2 Turkey (827 bcf) 64%
3 Italy (742 bcf) 25% 4 France (346 bcf) 20% 5 Czech Rep (247 bcf) 79% 6 Poland (247 bcf) 47%
7 Hungary (226 bcf) 54% 8 Slovakia (223 bcf) 100%
Data from US Dept of Energy EIA 2008
Russian Oil and Gas Pipelines to Europe: Actual & Proposed
Data from US Dept of Energy EIA 2008
Russian Nord Stream Natural Gas Pipeline Facts
Route: Portovaya Bay, Russia to coast Germany (underwater) – Baltic Sea
Capacity: 27.5 billion cubic meters (2010); 55 bcm (2012 – 2nd pipeline)
Length: 1,200 km (World’s largest underwater natural gas pipeline – max depth: 210 meters)
Cost Estimate: 5 Billion Euros (60% Increase – 8 Billion Euros) – Cost 2.2 Billion Euros if built on land
Supply: Shtokman gas field (estimated reserves of 3.7 trillion cubic meters – 2010 available)
Shareholders: Gazprom (51%), BASF (24.5%), E.ON (24.5%)
Contracts: Wingas – German Gas Co. – 9 bcm for 25 yrs DONG – Danish Co. – 1 bcm for 20 yrs E.ON – German Co. – 4 bcm Gaz de France – 2.5 bcm
Slide courtesy of Nelson Dodd, NWC Elective 5404
Canada’s Oil
Questions?
Coal production – Coal consumption
From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Nuclear energy consumption by area
From BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007
Canada’s Oil
EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2001; "Potential Oil Production from the Coastal Plain of ANWR,“
- EIA Reserves & Production Division
TotalOilDemand
TransportationDemand
DomesticOilProduction
DomesticOilProductionw/ANWR
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
5
10
15
20
25
30
Components of Gasoline Prices
US Dept of Energy EIA: May 2006