NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

(GUIDED BY:MISS ANUJA V NAIR)

BY: REJOY MENDEZ ROLL NO:24 S7 ECE

OVERVIEW

• INTRODUCTION

• FEATURES OF NFC

• TECHNOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

• COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY

• SECURITY ASPECTS

• APPLICATIONS

• CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

• Wireless short range communication technology.

• Allows intuitive initialization of wireless networks .

• NFC also works in dirty environment.

• NFC does not require line of sight.

• Easy and simple connection method.

• Provides communication method to non-self

powered devices

FEATURES OF NFC

Based on RF Technology at 13.56 Mhz .Operating distance upto 20 cm, typically

even less.Data exchange rate up to ~1 Mbit planned.Compatible with today’s field proven

RFID technology.

TECHNOLOGICAL OVERVIEW

• COMMUNICATION MODES .

• CODING AND MODULATION .

• INITIATOR AND TARGET.

• COLLISION AVOIDANCE.

• PROTOCOL FLOW.

• OPERATING MODES OF NFC.

COMMUNICATION MODES :

ACTIVE MODE: Two active devices communicate with each other. Each device has to generate its own RF field ,if it wants to send data.

PASSIVE MODE: In this mode commn

takes place between an active and a passive

device.

CODING AND MODULATION

MANCHESTER CODING

MODIFIED MILLER CODING

NFC DATA TRANSFER RATE

RATE ACTIVE DEVICE PASSIVE DEVICE

424 kBps Manchester,10% ASK Manchester,10% ASK

212 kBps Manchester,10%ASK Manchester,10% ASK

106 kBps Modified Miller,100% ASK

Manchester,10% ASK

INITIATOR & TARGET INITIATOR TARGET

ACTIVE POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

PASSIVE NOT POSSIBLE POSSIBLE

Possible Combinations Active/Passive with Initiator/Target

COLLISION AVOIDANCEUsually misunderstandings are rather rare, since the devices have to be placed in direct proximity. The protocol proceeds from the principle: listen before talk.If the case occurs that two or more targets answer at exactly the same time, a collision will be detected by the initiator.

PROTOCOL FLOW

INITIALIZATION• The collision avoidance.• Selection of targets.

• Initiator determines the communication mode and chooses the transfer speed.

TRANSPORT PROTOCOL :• Activation of the protocol .

• The data exchange protocol, and• The deactivation of the protocol including the

Deselection and the Release.

OPERATING MODES OF NFC

NFC devices are unique in that they can

change their mode of operation to be in

reader/writer mode, peer-to-peer mode, or

card emulation mode.

The different operating modes are based on

the ISO/IEC 18092 NFC IP-1 and ISO/IEC

14443 contactless smart card standards.

PEER TO PEER COMMUNICATION

o In Peer-to-Peer mode, two NFC devices can exchange data.

o For example, you can share Bluetooth or WiFi link set up parameters, and exchange data such as virtual business cards or digital photos.

o Peer-to-Peer mode is standardized on the ISO/IEC 18092 standard.

ISO18092

– This International Standard defines communication modes for (NFCIP-1) using inductive coupled devices operating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz for interconnection of computer peripherals.

– It also defines both the Active and the Passive communication modes of NFCIP-1 to realize a communication network using NFC devices.

– This Standard specifies modulation schemes, codings, transfer speeds, and frame format of the RF interface, as well as protocol .

READER/WRITER MODE

• In reader/writer mode, the NFC device is capable of reading NFC Forum mandated tag types, such as in the scenario of reading an NFC Smartposter tag.

• The reader/writer mode is on the RF interface compliant to the ISO 14443 and FeliCa schemes.

ISO14443

• ISO/IEC 14443 defines a proximity cards used for identification of standard credit card form.

• Describes two types of cards: type A and type B,differ in modulation methods, coding schemes and protocol initialization procedures but same transmission protocol.

• Component terms : PCD proximity coupling

device (or reader) ,PICC proximity integrated circuit card

TAG EMULTION MODE

• The NFC device itself acts as an NFC tag, appearing to an external reader much the same as a traditional contactless smart card. This enables contactless payments and eticketing .

COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

RFID

BLUETOOTH and

INFRARED

RFID & NFC

• In RFID systems basically two elements

* Tags or transponders

* Readers or interrogators

• NFC is a short range wireless connectivity technology which combines RFID and interconnection technologies.NFC systems consist of two elements:

* The Initiator

* The Target

• LIMITATIONS OF RFID:

* Cost of spreading the readers;

* Localization; at the moment, this is given within a quite a large area, and

* Memory capacity of the tags.

• LIMITATIONS SOLVED BY NFC TECHNOLOGY:

* An NFC initiator device can move to any place.

* The localization will be exact because of the need to bring the target and the initiator very close together.

* The initiator can make use of the memory of the device, associating it with the memory of the objective.

COMPARISON WITH BLUETOOTH AND INFRARED

• NFC simplifies the way consumer devices interact.

• The problem with infrared. • The significant advantage over Bluetooth is

the shorter set-up time, (<0,1s). • All these protocols are point-to-point

protocols.

• NFC suitable for crowded areas.• The data transfer rate of NFC (424 kbps) .

NFC WITH BLUETOOTH

SECURITY ASPECTS

• EAVESDROPPING

• DATA DESTRUCTION

• DATA MODIFICATION

• DATA INSERTION

• MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE-ATTACK

APPLICATIONS

• In mobile phones there are three main use cases for NFC: card emulation, reader mode, P2P mode .

• Mobile ticketing in public transport.

• Mobile payment

• Smart poster

• Bluetooth pairing

• Mobile commerce

CONCLUSION

In summary, Near Field Communication is an efficient technology for communications with short ranges. NFC is not a fashionable nice-to-have technology, but actually a technology that makes peoples lives easier – easier to pay for goods and services, easier to use public transport, and easier to share data between devices.

REFERENCES

• José Bravo, Ramón Hervás , Gabriel Chavira From Implicit to Touching Interaction: RFID and NFC Approaches ,Sixth International Conference on the Management of Mobile Business (ICMB 2008)0-7695-2803-1/07 $25.00 © 2008 IEEE

• Anokwa, Y., et al. A User Interaction Model for NFC Enabled Applications . in IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops 2007.

• Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Bridge System for Mobile Commerce C.Y. Leong, K. C. Ong , K. K. Tan*, O.P. GAN 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics

• WIKIPEDIA• www.nfcforum.com• www.ecma-international.org