Near-term Accelerator-Experiments Program

Greg BockFermilab PAC Meeting

Snowmass,June 2011

Outline

• Fermilab Schedule 2011-2018• Running Experiments• Construction Projects• Proposed Experiments• Some Program Statistics• Summary

Concentrating on post-Tevatron period

More details in upcoming talks

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Accelerator Operations Schedule

3

Accelerator Experiment FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015

Tevatron CDF     Dec./Ana. Dec./Ana. Analysis Analysis

Tevatron DØ     Dec./Ana. Dec./Ana. Analysis Analysis

LHC CMS            

Booster MiniBooNE 35kW    Shut Down 80kW  

Booster MicroBooNE CD-1 CD-2 Shut down 80kW  

Booster Mu2e CD-0 CD-1        

Booster Muon g-2            

Main Injector MINOS 350kW   Shut down 700kW  

Main Injector MINERvA 350kW   Shut down 700kW  

Main Injector NOvA     Shut Down 700kW  

Main Injector LBNE CD-0   CD-1 CD-2    

SY120 SeaQuest     Shut Down    

SY120 Testbeam     Shut Down    

Muon Test Area

SCRF Test Facility              

Project X Experiments     CD-0 CD-1   CD-2

Non-Accelerator CDMS (4kg)            

Non-Accelerator CDMS (15kg)            

Non-Accelerator COUPP (4kg)            

Non-Accelerator COUPP (60kg)   Comm.        

Non-Accelerator DES     Comm.      

Non-Accelerator Pierre Auger            

Preliminary schedule: R&D, Construction / Commissioning, Operation (under consideration)

Accel. complex

shutdow

n

Timeline for Future Projects

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Accelerator Experiment FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018

Booster MicroBooNE CD-1 CD-2 CD-3 CD-4  

Booster Mu2e CD-0 CD-1 CD-2   CD-3    

Booster Muon g-2            

Main Injector NOvA     CD-4  

Main Injector LBNE CD-0   CD-1 CD-2  CD-3  

Project X Experiments     CD-0 CD-1  CD-2 CD-3

Non-Accelerator DES     CD-4      

Preliminary schedule: R&D, Construction / Commissioning, Operation (under consideration)

Four accelerator-based experiments coming online in the near-term period

Tevatron Experiments Going Strong!

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Anticipated final datasets: 12 fb-1 delivered 10 fb-1 collected

Scores of new results and PhD’s each year

Results and analysis plans in upcoming talks

Intensity Frontier

P. Oddone, PAC Meeting , June 22, 20116

MINOSMiniBooNEMINERvASeaQuest

NOvAMicroBooNEg-2MINERvAMINOSSeaQuest

Now 2016

NOvAg-2LBNEMu2e

Project X+LBNEm, K, nuclear, …n Factory ??

2013 2019 2022

Current Neutrino Program

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• FNAL has a very active n program with 3 running experiments operating 4 detectors in 2 beamlines and at 2 sites

• Booster (8 GeV protons) - MiniBooNE - SciBooNE - MicroBooNE

MINOS

MiniBooNE

MINERnA

Main Injector

Tevatron• NuMI (120 GeV protons) - MINOS - MINERnA - ArgoNeuT - NOvA

Fermilab Neutrino Physics Program

1) Reveal the pattern of neutrino masses and mixings What is the value of q13? Is q23 maximal? How are the masses ordered? Is CP violated? What are the neutrino masses? Are neutrinos their own anti-particles?

2) Discover if the situation is more complex than 3 neutrinos with Standard Model interactions

Are the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies new physics? Are neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillating differently in current

experiments?

3) Make neutrino engineering measurements that facilitate 1) and 2) above

Experimental Thrusts in Neutrino Physics

1) Reveal the pattern of neutrino masses and mixings

What is the value of q13? MINOS NOvA LBNE Is q23 maximal? MINOS NOvA LBNE How are the masses ordered? NOvA LBNE Is CP violated? LBNE What are the neutrino masses? No plans to address at FNAL Are neutrinos their own anti-particles? No plans to address at FNAL

2) Discover if the situation is more complex than 3 neutrinos with Standard Model interactions

Are the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies new physics? MiniBooNE MicroBooNE

Are neutrinos and anti-neutrinos oscillating differently in current experiments? MiniBooNE, MINOS MINOS+

3) Make neutrino engineering measurements that facilitate 1) and 2) above

SciBooNE, MINERvA

Long Baseline Neutrino Physics

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• Neutrino oscillation physics is entering an exciting period, with several experiments under construction, or on the horizon, that have discovery potential.

What is 013? Is there CP violation with neutrinos? What is the mass hierarchy?

• NOvA, T2K, and reactor experiments could measure 013 in the coming years.

• MINOS reports interesting 2 sigma neutrino/antineutrino discrepancy.

MINOS Neutrino/Antineutrino Results

013 Discovery EvolutionarXiv:1005.3146

Short Baseline Neutrino Physics

• MiniBooNE sees hint of LSND-like oscillation in antineutrino mode. Sterile Neutrinos?, Lorentz/CPT violation? New interactions?

• Measurements of neutrino cross-sections in the few-GeV region are extremely relevant for oscillation physics.

• Short-Baseline Workshop held at Fermilab in May to discuss this physics. New experiments to tackle anomalies,

possibly with new KT-scale LAr detectors

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Neutrino Cross-Sections

MiniBooNE Cross Sections

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Neutrino cross sections are not well-known below ~2 GeV

MiniBooNE CC quasi-elastic cross section ~30% higher than “standard” QE prediction

MINERnA, MINOS, ArgoNeuT

If discrepancy is due to extra nucleons, MINERnA, MINOS, and ArgoNeuT are all capable of detecting them, and they cover the gap between MiniBooNE and NOMAD data!

MiniBooNE Experiment

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• 8 GeV protons, air-cooled Be target, single magnetic focusing horn, n and anti-n

• Cerenkov detector filled with 800 tons CH2, 1200+ PMTs

541m

MiniBooNE Outlook

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• current projection: MB on the path to collect >1x1021 POT by March 2012

Booster improvements increased MB from 2.5E16p/hr to 3E16p/hr

(thanks to AD and proton source team!)

• plan is to continue running anti-n’s until the 2012 shutdown

double the

statistics from

originalMB anti-n publication

MINOS Experiment

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~5 ktonL=735 km

~1 ktonL=1km

• 120 GeV protons, movable graphite target, two horn focusing system, n and anti-n

• two detectors to mitigate systematics• magnetized steel/scintillator tracking calorimeters

Shaft Fire at Soudan

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• fire started in Soudan mine shaft at 9pm March 17th, 2011

• large amount of foam was pumped in from the top of mine

• lab occupancy has been re-established ES&H participated in inspection of lab

- clean-up of laboratory is complete - electronics powered-up normally - magnet coil slowly ramped up - shaft repairs are underway

May 19: MINOS FD fully operational and running at full field, ready for beam

MINOS Proton Delivery

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• total anti-n data: 3.2x1020 POT (out of 4.2x1020 POT request)

• plan to release this summer (~x2 more data)

beam uptime: 67% (FY11)downtime due to target problems/investigations

special runs

n n

summershutdown

NT03 NT05 NT06NT02NT01

downtimedue to

target problems

NT04

fire in Soudan mine

MINOS ne appearance

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Phys. Rev. (Rapid Comm.) D82, 051102 (2010)

• Strongest limit for all but a small portion of dCP in the case of normal hierarchy.

• Analysis with new ne event selection and improved analysis techniques for 8.2 x 1020 POT to be presented Friday at Fermilab Wine and Cheese seminar.

MINERnA Experiment

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• NuMI beam (same as MINOS)

• shares NuMI near detector hall, L=1 km

• fully active, finely segmented scintillator tracker surrounded by calorimeters + additional targets upstream of active region

MINOS NDacts as a

muon spectometer

MINERnA Highlights Over Past Year

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• tremendous progress over past year – completed full detector installation (March 2010) and is successfully taking data

• 03/11: MINERnA project received 2011 DOE Secretary’s Award of Achievement

• 03/11: 1st preliminary physics results presented at NuInt11

• 04/11: cryogenic target installed to run with He in LE beam (currently undergoing safety review, estimate 1st data with filled target in July)

MINERnA: Event Kinematics

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First look at QE physics from MINERnA!

Absolute normalization predictions include: Flux simulationGENIE 2.6.2MINERnA detector simulation

Event deficit flat in Q2, not flat in neutrino energy.

NuMI Outlook

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• as of ~today:

- MINOS has collected 3.2x1020 POT anti-n - MINERnA has collected 1.5x1020 POT n• run times requested in LE mode:

- MINOS: 4.2x1020 POT anti- n = (1.7 + additional 2.5)x1020

- MINERnA: 4.9x1020 POT n = (4.0 LE + 0.9 special runs)x1020

- MINOS has 76% of full request - MINERnA has 31% of full request

• current projection for remaining protons for NuMI between now and March 2012 shutdown: 2.2x1020 POT

• in this optimistic model and if remainder of run is n mode, then both experiments would get to ~3/4 of their requests

- Directorate is considering strategies for extra running

(PAC, June 2010)n

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NuMI nu/nubar running past year

NOvA

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Of next generation experiments, NOvA uniquely provides information on the neutrino mass hierarchy, dCP, and possibledifferences in neutrino and antineutrino disappearance rates.

NOvA is a next generation experiment on the Fermilab NuMI neutrino beam to search for nm- ne and nm- ne oscillations

NuMI nm CCQE event in NOvA prototypeo Far detector laboratory near completion at Ash River MN 810 km from FNAL.

o First detector planes to be installed at end of this year.o Operating a prototype on surface at FNAL in NuMI

and Booster neutrino beamso Upgrade to 700 kW NuMI beam intensity during

shutdown in 2012.o First data starting in early 2013o Far detector completed by end of 2013.

Beneficial occupancy of Ash River lab 4/11

_ _

MicroBooNE

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• MicroBooNE is a 170 ton Liquid Argon neutrino detector that will begin operations in 2013.

• MicroBooNE has several goals: • Determine the nature of the MiniBooNE

low-energy excess.

• Make numerous cross-section measurements (many for the 1st time on LAr).

• Measure background rates relevant for nucleon-decay searches at LBNE.

• MicroBooNE serves as a technology test for future massive Liquid Argon detectors.

Expected MicroBooNE Neutrino Sample

Schematic of MicroBooNE Experiment

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SeaQuest/E906Drell-Yan at Fermilab• What is the structure of the nucleon?

What is d-bar/u-bar? What are the non-perturbative QCD origins

of the sea quarks? The results on high-x sea quarks have

implications for reach of LHC for W’ and Z’. What is the structure of nucleonic

matter?– How does the nuclear environment influence the

anti-quarks?– These results are needed to check inclusion of high

statistics neutrino data on nuclear targets into structure function fits

How do colored partons lose energy in cold nuclear matter?

First commissioning beam this summer. Run for two – three years depending on

FNAL schedule. 50 times the count rate of previous 800

GeV experiment .

NucleonSea Quarks

NuclearSea Quarks

EnergyLoss

Fermilab’s Test Beam

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This facility is now typically booked 6 months in advance

MINOS+• MINOS collaboration has

proposed continued running in the NuMI-NOvA beam.

• 3000 CC events/year in 4-10GeV range in MINOS. (Have ~1500 events in this range after 5 years of LE running).

• Extended running would quickly improve existing MINOS 023, deltam2 measurements, and also improve world measurement when combined with NOvA.

• Search for Non Standard Interactions

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4-10GeV range only covered by

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-n Deuterium Scattering in MINERnA

• High precision nuclear to deuterium ratio (A/D) measurements

• Current Vessel is rated for D2 as well as Helium

• Submitted LOI to Directorate to request advice on pursuing solutions to: Safety concerns for running D2

underground

Acquiring 0.37tons of D2

Modest detector upgrades might extend physics reach even further

Possible Further Short-Baseline Running

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• MiniBooNE will run until the March 2012 shutdown, at which point they will have collected >1E21 POT in anti-n mode.

• After analysis of this data, MiniBooNE will decide on submitting a proposal for future running.

5.66E20 POT in Anti-Nu Mode

6.46E20 POT in Nu Mode

The new g-2 experiment

• Follow up of BNL experiment but better: Reuse the storage ring 10x longer decay channel Segmented calorimeters Tracking >20x statistics, >2x less

systematics• Coupled with a world wide

program to interpret the measurement

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target

ring

Pbar complex

Mu2e

32 Mu2e sensitivity: 3 x10-17 (LNP~104 TeV)

signalbkg104 MeV

pe

Expectation for a SUSY inspired rate

Sensitivity with booster based experiment = 3 x 10-17 (104 TeV)

Sensitivity of 3 x 10-19 possible with Project X

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Program Relies on Upgrades to the Proton Source

Timeline for Fermilab Experiments in Coming Decade

Tevatron ends

NOvA MINERvAMINOS?

MicroBooNE

g-2 Mu2eMINERvAMINOS

MiniBooNE

LBNE

Fermilab Users

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2011 (now) 2015optimistic

2015Less

optimistic

2020 2025

TevatronLHC

1,000100 (excluding

CDF/DZero)

0 500

0500

0500

0500

NeutrinosMuonsKaons

Nuclei / Eng App

400200

500300200100

300200100

600400300100

600400300100

Cosmic Frontier 200 200 200 200 200

Detector R&D 210 (~50 overlap) 200 200 200 200

Accelerator R&D 50 100 100 150 150

Theory + LQCD 200 200 200 200 200

Total 2,300 2,300 1,800 2,600 2,600

Less optimistic (realistic): delay in LBNE / Project X

Publications in Calendar 2010

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Program Publications Ph.D.s

CDF / DZero 75 ~60

Neutrinos 18 >13

Fixed target ~4 >5

LQCD 24 >2

Testbeam, Detector R&D > 20 ?

Accelerator Science 14 >2

Theory 87 >1

CMS (LPC) xx >3

Cosmic Frontier xx >30

# of Ph.D.s. with Fermilab facilities (excluding Cosmic Frontier, CMS, ..): ~100 per year

Conclusions• Throughout the period between now and the beginning of

the LBNE/Project X era there will continue to be a strong accelerator-based program of experimental physics at Fermilab

• Fermilab will have unique facilities for neutrino physics in the coming decade (on/off axis beams, long-baseline, short-baseline experiments, precision measurements). Throughout this period we will continue providing Test Beams to the community

• In a few years, Fermilab will begin a Muon Program with two world-class experiments

• With four brand new experiments emerging and others continuing, we have an exciting near-term program.

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Fermilab Neutrino Program

• 8 GeV protons from the Booster Neutrinos from Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) to…

• MiniBooNE (running)• SciBooNE (completed in 2008)• MicroBooNE (seeking CD2)

• 120 GeV protons from the Main Injector Neutrinos from NuMI to…

• MINOS (running)• MINERvA (running)• NOvA (under construction)• MINOS+ (proposed)

Neutrinos from a new beamline to…• LBNE (seeking CD1)

SeaQuest

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u

uuq from MI proton

q from sea in target

m +

m -

Dimuons from Drell-Yan

Lower beam E and larger coverage

x20.5High x = LHC

Red: similar exp @ 800 GeV

d /

u fr

act

ion

Feynman x

PDFs before and after last exp

Significant funding from DOE nuclear

Detector installed

Initial physics before 2012 shutdown

High stats running after shutdown

Detector in the KTeV hall

0.5