NEBOSH NEBOSH

General CertificateGeneral Certificate

Managing - Managing - the core skillsthe core skills

Planning - objectives - priorities - action plans

Controlling- hazard recognition- risk assessment- risk management

Monitoring- checking useof control measures- safe systems etc

Organising-Responsibilities-Systems-- expertise

Health and Safety Management.Health and Safety Management.

• To manage the safety of people, we should – Create a health and safety policy– Carry out risk assessments and re-assess– Develop a safety plan– Train to ensure competence– Monitor performance– Change policy or the plan as required

Safety Safety ManagementManagement

HS G 65HS G 65

HS G 65 Step 1, Set Your Policy HS G 65 Step 1, Set Your Policy

• Decide and develop your policy which should – Have three sections (HSW Act s2)

• Statement of intent• Organisation• Arrangements

– Steer direction company takes, and influences all activities

– Set standards– Becomes the centre for safety management – Defence for litigation, prosecution and insurance

claims

HS G 65 Step 2 Organise Your StaffHS G 65 Step 2 Organise Your Staff

• To make effective policy, involve staff, gain commitment • The four ‘C’s help in developing a positive culture

– ‘Competence’• Recruitment, training, advice and support

– ‘Control’• Delegate responsibility, secure commitment,

provide instruction and effective supervision– ‘Co-operation’

• Between individuals, groups of employers, employees, contractors, temps etc

– ‘Communication’• By written, spoken and visible actions

HS G 65 Step 3 Plan & Set StandardsHS G 65 Step 3 Plan & Set Standards

• Develop a plan – How to eliminate or control significant risks– How legislation is to be implemented– H & S targets with managers and supervisors– Purchase and supply policy etc– Defining tasks, processes, equipment, product design

and services– Safe systems of work– Procedures for serious and imminent danger– Co-operation with contractors / neighbours – Standards setting to measure performance by

HS G 65 Step 4 Monitor PerformanceHS G 65 Step 4 Monitor Performance

• Just like finance, production or sales, you need to monitor / measure performance to find if you are successful, you need to know – Where you are– Where you want to be– What is the difference - and why

• Two types of monitoring systems – Active

• Before things go wrong– Reactive

• After things have gone wrong

HS G 65 Step 5, Audit and ReviewHS G 65 Step 5, Audit and Review• We need to learn from our experiences• Monitoring provides information to review activities, and

decide how to improve performance• Audits can tell how reliable and effective your systems

are• Reviewing policy needs to consider

– Compliance with performance standards – Where standards maybe absent or inadequate– Compliance with legislation– Achievement of stated objectives within given time

scales i.e. Injury, illness and incident data – Immediate or underlying causes, trends and common

features• What gets measured, gets done

Management Tools,Management Tools,

to Assist in Developingto Assist in Developing

and and

Maintaining a Maintaining a Safe Working EnvironmentSafe Working Environment

Safety Inspections.Safety Inspections.

• A health and safety inspection is – To go to a workplace, identify the hazards, and

assess whether they are being adequately controlled

– Can be, safety adviser, manager, supervisorsafety rep’, or any combination (can be a team)

– Should have an inspection sheet, with actionsresponsibilities and completion deadlines etc

– Should have management involvement, authority– Should have a system for recording, and filing– Must be competent

Safety Tours Safety Tours

• Short informal Inspections• Need check sheet / recording• Can be used by management and safety advisors as a

monitoring method• Managers and supervisor should implement each day

Health and Safety AuditHealth and Safety Audit

• A health and safety audit is a comprehensive analysis of a companies health and safety systems, they seek to confirm :– Does the company have a health and safety

system of management ?– Is the system adequate for their needs ?– Do they use the systems in place ?– Have the objectives been achieved ?– Justification for a future strategy ?

• Carried out by independent person• Considers : policy, plans, procedures

Legislation compliance, SS of W, etc

Safe System of Work?Safe System of Work?

• A safe system of work is – A formal procedure which results from a systematic

examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards

• It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated or risks minimised

Key Elements of a Safe SystemKey Elements of a Safe System

• Plan in advance of the work• Not routine operator instructions• Consider the people - experience etc• Account for ‘familiarity breeding contempt’• Establish the system

– Written instruction– Training– Supervision (monitoring)

Safety Analysis (JSA)Safety Analysis (JSA)

• Analyse the task– Identify the hazards– Assess the risks– Plan the system

Job Safety AnalysisJob Safety AnalysisSyndicate Syndicate

• Consider a car driver with a puncture !• List all the steps you need to take to change the tyre?• Consider at each step

– What the hazards are ?– The adverse effects that could occur ?– Any control method ?

Step Description Hazards Effects Control Methods

Permit to WorkPermit to Work

• A formal document controlled system applied to high risk activities– Maintenance on machinery– Working on live electric– Entry into confined spaces– Excavation with buried services– Hot work near flammables– Work on or near overhead cranes

Permits to WorkPermits to Work

• Permits should contain – Date, start / stop time, method of work, precautions,

people, signatures to authorise work to start ,and to confirm work is complete, also for agreement to carry the work out in that way

• Permits should ideally not go beyond 8 Hr or a Shift• If work is not complete Start a new permit• Breach of a permit should be a disciplinary offence

CommunicationsCommunications

Legal RequirementsLegal Requirements

• HSW ACT – Employers Duties

• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regs– Information for employees

• Safety Reps and Committees Regs • Consultation with Employees Regs • Safety Signs Regs • CHIP• PUWER, COSHH…etc

Cycle of Cycle of CommunicationCommunication

Presenter + Aim

Language

Format i.e.written, said

Understanding ofreceiver

Interpretation depending on experience, attitudes etc

Feedback i.e.Action … or not !

barriers

Remember Remember communication communication

involves involves listeninglistening as well as talking as well as talking

!!!!

Group Work Group Work

• What methods do you use to communicate health and safety in your company ?– What could prevent good communication (barriers) – How could you overcome those barriers

Barriers to CommunicationBarriers to Communication‘Sender and Receiver’‘Sender and Receiver’

• Sender – Unclear– Irrelevant detail– Too much little info– Poor quality info– Inaccuracy– Vague, ambiguous

terms used– Wrong style– Wrong language,

jargon– Complexity of the

message

• Receiver – Physical defect-

hearing / speech– Language difficulties– Lack of knowledge– Lack of training– Lack of experience– Illiteracy– Lack of feed back– Attitude

Barriers to CommunicationBarriers to Communication

• The Place – Size– Equipment– Facilities– Lighting– Glare from sun etc– Noise– Comfort of seating– Temperature– Distractions

Methods of CommunicationMethods of Communication

• Formal– Safety policy– Reports– Inspectors letter /

notice– Registered / official

forms– Safety meeting reports– Notices on notice

board– Statistics, signs– Memos, training

• Informal – Verbal – Telephone– Rumour / grapevine– Custom and practice– Body language

People Remember People Remember

• 10% of what they read • 20% of what they hear • 30% of what they see • 50% of what they see and hear • 70% of what they say in conversation • 90% of what they say as they do a thing

Choosing The MediumChoosing The Medium

• We have to consider – Personal or impersonal– Cost– Is feedback necessary (person or action)– Will the message get through– Accuracy and speed– Permanent record required– Credibility of source

Internal / External Sources of Health Internal / External Sources of Health and Safety Informationand Safety Information

Internal– Risk assessments– Committees /

representatives– Accident records– Inspections– Audits– Policies– Inspectors reports

External – HSE– HMSO– IOSH / ROSPA– Local safety groups – Suppliers /

manufacturers– Libraries / data banks– Standards– Internet

Group Work Group Work

• Why may verbal instructions not be clearly understood ?Or

• Why employees may fail to comply with safety instructions ?

Misunderstanding and Non- Misunderstanding and Non- ComplianceCompliance

• Could Be Because

– Unrealistic or ill conceived procedures or instructions– Mental / physical capabilities not taken account– Poor safety culture / complacency / lack of motivation– Peer pressure / other priorities / pressures– Risks not perceived– Environment ie. Noise– Fatigue and stress– Lack of consultation or commitment

Communications QuestionsCommunications Questions

• Outline the sources of information that could be consulted when developing a Safe System of Work (8)

• Outline the various methods of communicating health and safety information to the workforce (8)

• Outline the reasons that may prevent a verbal instruction being clearly understood by an employee (8)

• Outline the various ways in which a Safety Policy Document could be communicated to the workforce (8)

TrainingTraining

Essential Elements of TrainingEssential Elements of Training

• The Trainer– Experience– Knowledge– Knowledge of limitations i.e. knowing what you don’t

know• Training method• Venue• Date• Duration• Cost

Induction TrainingInduction Training

• First day– Fire precautions, first aid– Workplace, colleagues– Canteen, toilets etc

• First week– Hazards, risks & precautions– Emergency procedures, limitations– Key people

• First 6 months and onwards– Detailed safe systems of work– Changes, refresher

Training Needs AnalysisTraining Needs Analysis

• Stage 1– Analyse the job content by JSA

• Stage 2– Identify the knowledge, skills and experience required

• Stage 3– Assess individual competence

• Stage 2 & 3 = training need

Forms of TrainingForms of Training

• Interactive• Computer based• Visual

– ‘a picture paints a thousand words’• Practical• On site where possible• Tailored to the organisations’ systems• Tailored case studies, audit results etc• Use team leaders / safety representatives to train

Aims and ObjectivesAims and Objectives

• Aim - journey's end– e.g. Aim to train employees in the correct use of

hearing protection• Objective – what delegates should be able to achieve

– Understand how the ear can be damaged by noise– Explain why hearing protection is necessary– Recognise the areas where hearing protection must

be worn– Use proper procedure for obtaining hearing protection– Inspect ear muffs for damage– Maintain the equipment

Group Work Group Work

Outline factors to be considered when planning and preparing a health and safety training session

PlanningPreparation

Practice

PlanningPlanning

• Topic– Make it interesting ?– Keep to the point ?– Ensure it can be clearly understood ?– Tailor it to the audience ?– Ensure it be presented in the time available ?– Ensure it will achieve what you set out to achieve ?

• People• Place• Time

Planning Preparation

Practice

PreparationPreparation

• Preparation– Training material– Venue

PracticePractice

• Practice !! – Welcome and Introduction – Talk – Timing – Ending

Typical Training QuestionsTypical Training Questions

• Outline the main h & s topics to be included in an induction training programme for new employees (8)

• Outline how health and safety training needs can be identified (8)

• Outline the events that may create a need for additional health and safety training within an organisation (8)

• Outline the factors to be considered when preparing and presenting a health and safety training session (8)

• Explain why induction training is important in the prevention of accidents (8)

• Outline the issues that should be included in a training programme for employees on the emergency action to take in the event of a fire (8)

ConsultationConsultation

Safety Representatives and Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Safety Committees Regulations 1977Regulations 1977

Appointed by a recognised trade union

2 years service or experience in similar employment

Name of the representative and group represented notified to the employer in writing

Appointment ceases on notification by the union or when employment ceases

Safety Representatives and Safety Safety Representatives and Safety Committees Regulations 1977Committees Regulations 1977

The Duties of Safety RepresentativesThe Duties of Safety Representatives

• Take reasonable practicable steps to keep themselves informed of– Health and safety legislation– Their workplace hazards and precautions– Safety policy and arrangements

• Encourage co-operation between their employer / employees in promoting and developing improvements in health and safety

• Report to their employer the effectiveness of health and safety measures and any unsafe or unhealthy working practices

• The 'duties' do not imply legal responsibility

Representatives Are Entitled To: Representatives Are Entitled To:

• Inspect the workplace for hazards• Investigate complaints about health / safety• Make representation to their employer• Consult with and receive information from HSE

inspectors (or other enforcing authority)• Inspect documents / be provided with information • Attend meetings of safety committees• Undertake training• Reasonable facilities• 2 or more can ask (in writing) for a safety committee

Safety Safety CommitteesCommittees

Aims of a Safety CommitteeAims of a Safety Committee

• To – Keep under review the measures taken to ensure the

health and safety at work of employees– Consultation– Communication– Recommending options to the company

Objectives / Terms of ReferenceObjectives / Terms of Reference of a Safety Committee of a Safety Committee

• Committees should identify their own objectives and terms of reference, these might include– Review accident / disease statistics– Examine safety inspection / audit reports– Consider special reports– Assist in developing procedures etc– Monitor the extent of safety content in employee

training– Monitor and improve safety communication and

publicity– Provide a link with enforcing authority

What Makes a Committee Effective?What Makes a Committee Effective?

• Right number and mix of members• Adequate authority to consider recommendations• Knowledge and expertise• Good communications

– Management / committee – Committee / employees

• Suitable level formality, agenda, minutes, chairman • Access to specialist advice• Commitment • Frequency

Health and Safety Health and Safety (Consultation with (Consultation with

Employees ) Employees ) Regulations Regulations

Health and Safety (Consultation With Health and Safety (Consultation With Employees ) RegulationsEmployees ) Regulations

• Employers are required to consult with employees on matters that affect their health and safety

• The Regulations describe – What you must consult employees about– How you chose to consult employees

• Directly, or• Through elected representatives

– Guidance about how to carry out elections etc

Consultation with Employees RegsConsultation with Employees Regs

• Information• Functions

– Report to their employer the effectiveness of health and safety measures and any unsafe or unhealthy working practices

– Represent employees in consultation with the HSE / EHO

• Training, time off and facilities• Civil liability

What Must Employees Be Consulted What Must Employees Be Consulted About ?About ?

• Introduction of any measure• Arrangements for appointments of competent persons• Any health and safety information required• Planning and organising H&S training• New technologies

Information & ConsultationInformation & Consultation

Information Consultation Preventative and protective

measures to ensure safety Identity of “competent

person” Risks from risk assessment Procedures in event of

emergency Risks from another

employer’s undertaking

Introduction of any measure Arrangements for

appointment of competent person

Health and safety information required

Planning and organising H&S training New technologies

Knowing What - MH&SWR Planning How- H&SCER

H&S

Safety Representatives and Representatives Safety Representatives and Representatives of Employees Safety of Employees Safety

Definition safety representative representative of employee safety

Appointment by recognised trade union by group of employees

Functions to be consulted, and to make representation on potential hazards and dangerous occurrences and general H&S matters & consultations with H&S inspectors

• - investigate hazards, - no additional accidents & complaints functions

- to carry out inspections - receive information from inspectors - to attend appropriate

safety committees

Typical Safety Reps and Safety Typical Safety Reps and Safety Committees QuestionsCommittees Questions

• a) Explain the circumstances under which an employer must form a Health and Safety committee (2)b) Give reasons why a Health and Safety Committee may be ineffective (6)

• Outline the functions of a safety representative as stated in the Safety Committees Regulations 1977 (8)

• With regards to the Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977 – Explain the occasions when a safety representative is

legally entitled to inspect the workplace (6)– Describe the facilities that an employer may need to

provide to safety representatives (2)