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Nematoda UsusOxyuris vermicularisEnterobius vermicularisTrichinella spiralisNon-soil transmited helmin Pengobatan infeksi cacing
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NEMATHODENON SOIL
TRANSMITTED
BY: GROUP 4
CLASSIFICATION OF NEMATHODE NEMATHODE
INTESTINAL NEMATHODE
SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTH
NON-SOIL TRANSMITTED
HELMINTH
Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermiculari
s)
Trichinella spiralis
TISSUE NEMATHODE
Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis)
HISTORY, HOST AND DISEASE
Known since erst and many research take about their a biology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms.
Host : Human Disease : Enterobiasis/Oxyuriasis
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
• The parasite is cosmopolitan, but it is more often found in cold than hot area.• The parasite can also be transmitted through the relationship
between humans and in the accordance environment.
- THE FEMALE IS ABOUT 8-13 MM. THE ANTERIOR END : CUTICLE LIKE ALAE. - BULB ESOPHAGUS HAS DISTINCT, AND HAS A LONG TAIL. THE GRAVID FEMALE HAS TWO DISTENDED UTERI WHICH ALMOST FILL THE WHOLE BODY- THE MALE IS APPROXIMATELY 2-5 MM LONG- THE MALE HAS WINGS AND THE TAIL LOOKS LIKE QUESTION MARK (?)
Morphology
LIFE CYCLE
Infection Mature worms
gravid females Migrated to Perianal(pruritus
ani),infection in Children
intestinal ,and female reproductive tract(uterus and
fallopian tubes)
PATOLOGY
Clinical Symptomssymptoms of Enterobiasis are appetite loss, weight loss ,quick-tempered, insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomit.
CLINICAL SYMTOMS
ANAL SWAB
DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL SIGN &SYMPTOMS (itch in the perianal area at night)
LAB
DIAGNOSIS
ANAL SWAB
MEDICINAL TREATMENToMEBENDAZOLE EFFECTIVE AGAINST ALL STADIUMS OF
THE PINWORM DEVELOPMENT , WHILE PIRANTHEL AND PIPERAZIN GIVEN IN SINGLE DOSES NOT EFFECTIVE AGAINST EGGS
oPYRANTEL PAMOATE EFFECTIVE BUT HAVE SIDE EFFECTS NAUSEA AND VOMITING.
oPIPERAZINE VERY EFFECTIVE WHEN DRINK WITH A GLASS OF WHITE WATER IN THE MORNING , WHICH DRUGS REACH IN THE CECUM AND THE COLON .
EPIDEMOLOGY Pinworms spread wider than the other worms.
Transmission of pin worms can occur In the family or group who live in the same neighborhood.
Inside the house, pinworm eggs can be found in the floor, table, chairs, sideboards , toilet sits, bathup , mattress, and clothes
The children 5-9 years old are susceptible to the enterobiosis disease.
PREVENTIVE
Nail should be always cut short
HYGENITAS .Hands washed before eating
Clothing and mattress pads should be washed and changed every day
TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS
HISTORY•Richard owen (1835) is the first to describe the larva of Trichinella in a human muscle.•The host of Trichinella spiralis are human, pig, dog, cat, bear, rat, etc.•Disease of Trichinella spiralis is Trichinelosis/ trichinosis/trichiniasis.
History, Host and Disease
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Cosmopolitan In Europe , USA and countries have the habit of eating pork cooked underdone
MORPHOLOGY
LIFE CYCLEHTTP;//WWW.CDC.GOV/PARASITES/TRICHINELOSIS/BIOLOGY.HTML
LIFE CYCLE
PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SYMPTOMS• SEVERITY OF INFECTION CAUSED BY ADULT WORMS AND LARVAE• ADULT WORMS INVADE THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA INTESTINAL
SYMPTOMS SUCH AS ABDOMINAL PAIN, DIARHEA AND VOMIT.
• INTESTINAL SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD, 1-2 DAYS AFTER INFECTION.
• 7-28 DAYS LARVAE AFTER INFECTION SPREAD IN MUSCLE CAUSES SYMPTOMS OF THE PAIN MUSCLE (MYALGIA) AND INFLAMMATION MUSCLE (MYOSITIS) AND THE FEVER
Symptoms of larvae infestation depend on the organ: Puffiness around the eyes Joint pain Respiratory symptoms Heart defects
The patient will die within 2-3 weeks in case of severe infection (±5000 larvae tail/kg body heavy)
If the patient has a lung disorder, brain or heart, will die within 6-8 weeks
CLINIS
• At least three of the following six: fever, muscule soreness and pain, gastrointestinal symptoms , facial edema, eosinphilia and subconjunctival, subngual and retinal hemorrhages
LAB• Muscle biopsy• Cerology test e.g: Skin test and ELISA
EPID
• At least one of the following three : consumption of laboratory – confirmed parasitized meat,consumption of potentially parasitized products from a laboratory – confirmed infected animal epidemiological link to a laboratory – confirmed ,human casa by exposure to the same common source.
DIAGNOSA
ANTIHELMINTH DRUGS CAN HELP PREVENT THE PROGRESSION OF TRICHINELLOSIS BY KILLING
THE ADULT WORMS AND SO PREVENTING FURTHER RELEASE OF LARVAE. SEVERE CASES
Anti parasitic AlbendazolMebendazol
Steroid PrednisonePyrantel (Combantrine)
www.cdc.gov/parasites/trichinellosis
MEDICINAL TREATMENT
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
• Cook pork temperature 70oC cook until it is no longer pink inside. • pork cuts less than 6 inches thick can be rendered safe if frozen to
-17oC to 20 days -23.3oC for 10 days
THANK YOU