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NEPTUNE NEPTUNE Canada Canada
Hydrothermal Hydrothermal Experiments Experiments
at Main at Main Endeavour: Endeavour:
Status ReportStatus Report
Dave Butterfield, Univ. of Washington and NOAA/PMEL
Marv Lilley, University of Washington School of
Oceanography
Glickson et al., 2006
OutlineOutline
MotivationMotivation BackgroundBackground Current Experiments and ResultsCurrent Experiments and Results
Focus on RAS and BARSFocus on RAS and BARS What We NeedWhat We Need Future PossibilitiesFuture Possibilities
Why hydrothermal time-Why hydrothermal time-series?series?
Variability of environment and flux Variability of environment and flux unknownunknown
Impact of change on biological Impact of change on biological communitiescommunities
Variation in mineral formation processesVariation in mineral formation processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, Linkage between tectonic, volcanic,
hydrothermal and hydrological processes hydrothermal and hydrological processes Cabled observatories may be the only Cabled observatories may be the only
way to answer these questionsway to answer these questions
Main Field Time Series
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
CO
2 (m
mo
l/kg
)
Grotto
Hulk
Crypto
Lobo
Dante
Dudley
Bastille
Cannaport
Milli-Q
Peanut
Puffer
S&M
Salut
Sully
100
200
300
400
500
Cl endm
em
ber, m
mol/kg
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YearHulk Peanut Crypto LOBO
Grotto Dante Bastille Puffer
Sully Salut MQ S&M
MEF Hot Vent Time Series
data from D. Butterfield
Feb 22 to Feb 22 to Mar 6 2005Mar 6 2005
EQ/hr EQ/hr histogramhistogram
Borehole Borehole pressurepressure
Mothra Mothra diffuse vent diffuse vent temperaturetemperature
Hooft et al. 2006 Fall AGU
E flank P increase
MV axis P decrease
Change in T and Change in T and composition associated composition associated
with Feb 2005 EQswith Feb 2005 EQs
0
0.1
0.2
0.3H
2S
/Si (m
ol/m
ol)
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
T,
°C
0 10 20 30 40 50week
H2S/Si T
Mothra low-T vent 2004-5
50%
04
99
99
99
01
00 01
00
0102
99
01
04
02
00 98
01
9800
04
00
04
99
98
BCPre-1987 Lava
CL
331998 Lava
MAGO
ASHES
Key
* Numbers inside symbols denote year
0006
EI
00
03
GR
06
00
SM
HU
02
04
50%
55%
60%
70%
South Field
North Field
Axi
al S
eam
ount
Mai
n E
ndea
vour
75%
60%
55%60%
Variation Between Vents
Similarity groupings based on Microbial Community Structure (tRFLP)
BARS Sensor TipBARS Sensor Tip
October 2010 BARS Temp and Tidal Pressure
(variation from mean plotted)
Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Smoker TemperatureSmoker Temperature
Power Spectrum for BARS Temperature
12.4 hr
24.8 hr
3-4
day
BARS Temperature shows strong semi-diurnal tidal signal plus weak 3-4day
BARS T vs N-S Current BARS T vs N-S Current Amplitude October 2010Amplitude October 2010
Power spectrum for Power spectrum for BARS T(red) and NS BARS T(red) and NS
Current (blue)Current (blue)
October 2010 RAS Temperature and Tidal Pressure
(variation from mean plotted)
Power Spectrum for RAS TemperatureOctober 2010
12.4 hr
24.8 hr
5.3 d
2.7 d
RAS Temp shows semi-diurnal tidal signal plus strong 3-5day
Mn correlates well with T and Mg
October 2010 data are lower than 2011-2012 data
Endmember Mn 210 µM
Use Mn to normalize mixing
H2S/Mn: No clear correlation
Fe/Mn: pos correlationIndicates precipitation within sulfide structure is mixing/Temperature-dependent
NH3/Mn: pos correlationSuggests NH3 may be consumed within sulfide structure at hyperthermophilic temperatures
NH3/Mn: is there a temporal trend? Sample age artifact?
NC OBS EQ data and Vent NC OBS EQ data and Vent TemperatureTemperature
USGS Earthquakes near JFR• FILE CREATED: Tue Oct 25 21:23:43 2011 Circle Search Earthquakes= 8 Circle Center Point Latitude:
47.000N Longitude: 130.000W Radius: 1000.000 km Catalog Used: PDE Date Range: 2011/09/20 to 2011/10/24 Data Selection: Historical & Preliminary Data
• CAT YEAR MO DA ORIG TIME LAT LONG DEP MAGNITUDE IEM DTSVNWG DIST NFO km TF • PDE-Q 2011 09 22 202206.91 47.45 -122.08 24 3.2 MDSEA 2F. ....... 601 • PDE-Q 2011 10 09 131703.89 44.53 -126.29 10 2.5 MLGS ... ....... 398 • PDE-Q 2011 10 10 053932.84 50.61 -129.66 30 4.2 mbGS ... ....... 401 • PDE-Q 2011 10 13 041400.92 43.46 -127.12 22 5.6 MwGCMT ..M ....... 453 • PDE-Q 2011 10 14 222516.47 46.76 -121.92 12 3.4 MDSEA 4F. ....... 616 • PDE-Q 2011 10 14 232912.53 46.85 -121.75 2 2.9 MDSEA .F. ....... 627 • PDE-Q 2011 10 15 061129.10 46.48 -119.26 1 3.4 MDSEA 3F. ....... 822 • PDE-Q 2011 10 19 195108.50 45.93 -122.42 11 2.7 MDSEA ... ....... 593 • RAS and other plots are 30 Sept 2011 00:00 to 26 Oct 2011 00:00
MEF RAS/BARS Temperature Oct 2011Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific
Sample 5
Sample 45.64.22.5
3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7
MEF RAS/1026B Temperature Oct 2011
Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific
Sample 5
Sample 45.64.22.5
3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7
MEF RAS T and Flank Sub-sea Differential Pressure Oct 2011
Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific
Sample 5
Sample 45.64.22.5
3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7
Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Neptune Canada 2010 BARS DeploymentDeployment
October 2010 EventOctober 2010 Event
Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Neptune Canada 2010 BARS DeploymentDeployment
October 2010 EventOctober 2010 Event800 data points9
0 d
ata
p
oin
ts
What we needWhat we need
More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal ventslinking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents
Models that can use NC observations to test hypothesesModels that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensorsKeep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverageMore hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical
responseresponse Automated earthquake detection and rapid reportingAutomated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Flux measurementsFlux measurements
ENDEND
