NERVOUS Mnemonics.docx

8/14/2019 NERVOUS Mnemonics.docx

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NERVOUS MnemonicsCholinergics (eg organophosphates): effectsIf you know these, you will be "LESS DUMB":LacrimationExcitation of nicotinic synapsesSalivation

SweatingDiarrheaUrinationMicturitionBronchoconstriction*Drugs used for the treatment of ParkinsonismCarrot SALADC - COMT inhibitorsS - Selegiline

A - AnticholinergicsL - L-dopa

A - Amantadine

D - Dopamine receptor agonists*

ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGSIn depression, Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are the drug of choice in severe depression becauseof their high efficacy while the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the drug of choicein mild to moderate depression because of their high safety.The side effects of TCAs are:T TremorsC Cardiovascular side effects (arrhythmias esp. in ischemic heart disease, postural hypotension)

A Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, dysphagia, constipation, urinary retention, palpitations,etc.)S Sedation and Seizures (in predisposed patients)

The side effects of SSRIs are:S Serotonin syndromeS Stimulate CNSR Reproductive dysfunctions if maleI Insomnia Serotonin syndrome is a very dangerous and fatal situation. It is just like neurolepticmalignant syndrome and results from interaction between serotonin enhancing drugs e.g. SSRIs,MAO-Is, TCAs, etc.

Serotonin syndrome is characterized by (causes HARM):H Hyperthermia

A Autonomic instability (delirium)R RigidityM Myoclonus

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Mithramycin (plicamycin) is only antibiotic used in hypercalcemia.Turmeric gives crimson colour & Liquorice gives red with Sulphuric acid....

The live attenuated polio vaccine is:A.Salk vaccineB.Sabin vaccineC.APTD.All of the aboveans: brotasort is used sorting filled caps

Which of the following is responsible for pungency of CAPSICUM?a)Capsaicin


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b)Capsanthinc)Dihydrocapsaicind)nordihydrocapsaicin

Time required to reach the steady state during multiple dosage depends upon what?a)Shelf life of drug

b)Half lifec)Dosed)Dosage freq

USP Std for Water 4 injection (WFI):cfu - NMT 10/ml;pH - 5-7;Total organic content: 500ppb;Conductivity: 1.3mcSiemens/cm at 25c.

Karl Fischer titration is used to determine moisture content.K.F.reagent containsIodine,amine(pyridine),sulphurdioxide,methanol

baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic agonist indicated for use in the

management of severe spasticityGABA is which type of receptor?

How much solvent is required to dissolve sparingly soluble salt(a)10 to 30 part(b)1 to 10 part(c)30 to 100 part(d)100 to 1000 partans:c

Particle size analysis mainly done fora)Dose uniformity

b)Dissolution ratec)Stabilityd)All above.

ans-d.

*Conductivity test for determ'n of emulsion type may fail for NON IONIC o/w emulsions.o/w emulsions.* i.m. injections are made hypertonic to enhance absorption.

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BIOCHEMISTRY

1) Kreb cycle

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citrate-aconitase-isocitrate-oxalosuccinate- ketoglutarate(alpha k.g.)-succinate-fumarate-malate-oxaloacetate

2) Essential Amino acids

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methionine,threonine,leucine,isoleucine,tryptophan,valine,lysine, phenylalanine

Trick 2:-Essential Amino Acids..

Short Form isVITTHAL-LMP

Vitthal is a Marathi Saint famous and hence is easy to memorize..

V-ValineI-Isoleucine

T-Tryptophan
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T-Threonine

H-Histidine

A-Arginine

L-Leucine

L-Lysine

M-Methionine

P-Phenyl Alanine.. Semi-Essential Amino Acids

AH

A-Arginine

H-Histidine.

All Proteins are composed of L-Alpha Amino acids.

GLYCINEis the ONLY A.A which has NO CHIRAL CENTER, Hence it is the only which does not posses OPTICALACTIVITY. (GATE 2009)

TYROSINEis a NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID (Remember TT of VITTHAL is Threonine and Tryptophan)

A.A with Aliphatic Side chain..Remember the Gang Star arun GAVLI..

G-Glycine

A-Arginine

V-Valine

L-Leucine

I-Isoleucine.

A.A with a Aromatic ring..Phenyl Alanine

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

A.A with sulphur groups..METHIONINE (S-CH3)

Cysteine has only S.

A.A with Acid and their amides..Remember the word ACID...

Glutamine (Glutamic acid)

Aspargine (Aspartic acid)


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BIURETis a compound form by heating UREA at 150 degrees Celsius.. (For Alpha Amino acids only)

In NINHYRDIN test, the purple color is also called as RHEUMANN"S PURPLE..

Metabolism..

Metabolism of A.A takes place in LIVER..And the Metabolites are EXCRETED by KIDNEYS

GLUTAMINEis the Exclusive carrier of NH3..NH3 is converted to its active Form that is NH4..

3) Carbohydrates

Mnemonic-

BOMBS

Benedict Solution Test

Osazone Test

Molisch Test

Barfoeds Test

Salvinoff Test

4) UREA CYCLE:- Also called as KREB-HELMANN cycle

Utilizes enzymes..The First two enzymes are from MITOCHONDRIA and rest are from CYTOSOL..

Utilizes 4 ATP

..(NOT GENERATES)

Intermediate is FUMARATE, which is the LINK between TCA(Krebs cycle) and UREA cycle..

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NERVOUS Mnemonics.docx