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.NET

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.NET is a technology from Microsoft based onthe newest web standards. It is not a tool,language, utility or package.

.NET is a server-centric computing model whichcan be run on different platforms. At present.NET targets Windows platform, Linux(SuseLinux), BSD and other operating systems.

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The main constituents of .NET areFramework , Servers , Languages ,and Tools &Utilities .

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.NET Servers.NET servers are the applications that support.NET or its code. They need not be developed in

.NETEx: SQL Server 2005/2008 which supports C#procedures,Biztalk Server which supports C# code,

SharePoint Server which contains ASP.NETand C# components.

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.NET Languages All .NET Compatible languages are .NETFramework based which means source is.NET Framework libraries and runtime is.NET Framework runtime(CLR).

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.NET Tools & Utilities.NET provides and supports various tools and

utilities for easy and fast development of applications.

V isual Studio. NET is an important tool which providesan Integrated Development Environment to developconsole and GUI applications with great ease andflexibility.Similarly .NET provides MISL Disassembler(ildasm.exe)which creates a text file taking a MSIL code file as input..NET provides many more tools like TypeLibraryImporter(TLBIMP.exe) and Type Library

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CLI (Common LanguageInfrastructure) Specification

.NET officially supports over 20 programming languagesand there are many more which are unofficiallysupported.

C#, V B.NET, J#.NET, COBOL.NET etc., are all .NETcompliant languages. These languages are similar totheir original languages. So a programmer comfortablewith a particular language can write code in it anddevelop .NET applications.

It has been standardized byECMA (European computer manufacturer association)

&ISO (International standard organization)

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CTS (Common Type System)-Mismatch Type

Common Type System specifies how Type definitionsand their values are represented in memory so that all

.NET compliant languages can interoperate with eachother.Each language may be having its own name andmemory size for a particular datatype. But, to beinteroperable and produce the same IL code, the similar datatypes of each language need to be compatible witheach other. So, common datatypes are specified for allthe languages which can be conveniently called by their original names.

A ll .NET languages follow the CLI specifications which describes as -

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CLS (Common Language specification)-Mismatch Language

A language is said to be .NET compliant when it adheresto the open standard Common Language Specifications(CLS) approved by ECMA. According to the CLspecifications all .NET language compilers shouldproduce a platform-neutral language code calledCommon Intermediate Language Code. As all thelanguages produce only IL code when compiled, thecode of one language can be used in the code of another language. So it is possible to develop a .NETapplication using more than one language also.

A ll .NET languages follow the CLI specifications which describes as -

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V ES/CLR ( V irtual Execution System/Common LanguageRuntime)Responsible to generate machine code of IL

code according to system. It is specific for every OS.

BCL/FCL (Base Class Library/Framework ClassLibrary)

(For every languages we were provided with same

set of libraries)

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H ow to achieve Platform Dependency.

H ow to achieve Platform Independency.