net-zero site design: Finn Hill Middle School

At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Evaluate building orientation both inside the building and outside as it relates to educational goals.

2. Evaluate building orientation both inside the building and outside as it relates to energy goals.

3. Understand the functions of educational landscape.

4. Understand the appropriate scale and texture of courtyard environments.

Anjali Grant, AIA LEED BD+C MahlumKas Kinkead, ASLA, RLA Cascade Design Collaborative

MAHLUM.COM CASCADEDESIGNCOLLAB.COM

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

For most educational projects, site is a given.

Denny Creekoutfall

Seattle area

temperate heating climateno air-conditioningsun as a resource

Dallas

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

Why a single-story school ?“Environmental & Adventure School curriculum includes an extensive focus on community and environmental stewardship and environmental / adventure education activities.”

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

“We want to be the most energy-efficient district in the state.”Lake Washington School District

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

Existing school, 89

School 4, 60

School 2, 43School 1, 44

School 3, 46

Finn Hill w/o PV, ~28

Baseline school, 46

Finn Hill w/ PV, ~18

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120

PV

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SF t

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PV

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a as

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SF

Energy Use Index (kbtu/sf/yr)

school comparison & goals

44 School 1 One gas-fired furnace per classroom

43 School 2 Condensing boilers and central air handling units with hot water terminal heat

46 School 3 One gas-fired furnace per classroom

60 School 4 Natural ventilation via operable windows with perimeter hot water heating

source: ARUP

©2011 ARUP

performance summary

©2011 ARUP

MahlumArupCoughlin Porter LundeenCascade Design CollaborativeSSA

Lake Washington School District

integrated design

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

“baseline” energy use patternsGlass16%

Wall3%

Slab8%

Roof7%

Infiltration10%

Ventilation air56%

©2011 ARUP

mechanical design: Arup

Heat pump with variable flow hot water loop, 240-400% efficiency

Fully ducted; ducts sized for ventilation air

Air heated with heat recovery ventilators and VAV boxes

Demand-controlled ventilation

All systems & plant sized for heating

No perimeter heating

©2011 MAHLUM

Typical construction: R-10 2x6 metal stud wall with R-19 batt insulation

enhanced thermal envelope

As constructed: R-22 6” nominal structural insulated panel (SIP)

Wall3%

Roof7%

Infiltration10%

©2011 MAHLUM

©2011 MAHLUM

triple-glazing where needed

U 0.45 / R-2.2Typical aluminum double-glazed windows

U 0.34 / R-2.9Thermally broken frame with double-glazed, ‘warm-edge’ Argon-filled units

U 0.27 / R-3.7Thermally broken frame with triple-glazed, ‘warm-edge’ Argon-filled units

Glass16%

©2011 MAHLUM

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

Hard-working site

solar radiation over the seasons

source: Hopper, Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards ©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

regional shading periods

source: Olgyay, Design with Climate ©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

carbon calculator

Center for Urban Forest ResearchPacific Southwest Research StationUS Forest Service

http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/urban-forests/ctcc/

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

air flow patterns and landscaping

source: Olgyay, Design with Climate ©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

© Marysville School District © K

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nner

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roup

landscape buffers

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

site design

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

entry

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

galleryartist Susie Lee

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

windows adjacent to walkwaysabove 7 feet

4% of the floor area for ventilation10% of the floor area for cooling

motorized & controlled by DDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

workyard/electives

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

workyard/electives

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

commons/big steps

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

photo by Lake Washington School District

commons/big steps

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

© Kelley Tanner | DLR Group©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

commons/big steps

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

commons/big woods

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

© K

elle

y Ta

nner

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roup

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

pod courtyards

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

scale

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

Vienna primary school, Helmut Wimmer

our research team

Rogers, “An Analysis of Climatic Influences on Courtyard Design for Cold Climates.” http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ41768.pdf ©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

pod courtyards

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

classroom / shared learning

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

classroom / shared learning

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

pod raingardens

80% of the site runoff is treated by raingardens

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

pod raingardens

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

concept sketch by Cascade Design Collaborative

©2011 CDC

©2011 MAHLUM | CDCphoto by Lake Washington School District

pod raingardens

renewable energy

photo by Lake Washington School District

capital cost ($/sf) plus intangible benefits

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envelope daylighting ventilation heat pumps photovoltaics

comfort productivityhealthmood

views: connect to outdoors

healthalertness

education

trees

comforthealthmood

education

©2011 MAHLUM | ARUP

©2011 MAHLUM | CDC

conclusions

Our classrooms are getting smaller & more technology-focused.

Together can we:

give our teachers and students new opportunities for outdoor learning;

add valuable program space at lower cost;

let our kids expend energy and blow off steam;

tie our energy and operational goals to program and support learning.