NETAJI SUBHAS INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY

EC-316 Microprocessor Lab Project

TRACK LAP TIME AND SPEEDPROJECT BY:

VIKALP KUMAR SHARMA-188/EC/13

VINEET NARAYAN-192/EC/13

SYNOPSISThis is an effort to build a device ‘TRACK LAP TIME AND SPEED’ which will savetime of sports racers and without help of others to capture their lap time and alsooutput average speed of every lap. Back in the day when stopwatches were the onlymethod of recording lap times, which is manual and can have some human errors.This device have accuracy to correctly capture time up to 1/100th of a second. Systemworks by sending an invisible IR signal from the transmitter across the track placedon starting line to get lap time. When your car passes through the beam connectionbetween transmitter and receiver break, triggering the timing. The display shows yourlap time then you can race much more accurately as compared to hand heldstopwatches. You see your time on the track and you can try different driving styles ordifferent lines to get the quickest time. This means that the driver can assess whether aone pair of tyre is faster than another. Hence setup their vehicle for best outcome. Laptimes and average speed of each lap are recorded so they can be viewed after thesession or race.

Keywords#8085 #16x2 LCD #IR SENSORS #LAP #TIME #SPEED #STATS #ACCURATE#RACER #PLUG AND RACE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly we would like to thank Prof. Dhananjay Gadre for his

unconditional support and thorough guidance without which this project

would not have seen the light of the day. He not only guided us through

the project but also played a vital role in helping us relate the theoretical

concepts with their practical concepts and instilled in us enthusiasm to

LEARN BY DOING.

We would also like to thank our friends and classmates who all worked

with us and helped and kept us motivated. Their contribution is truly

invaluable.

We would also like to thank all the staff of the Department of Electronics

of Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology for providing us with all the

requisites for completion of this project.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

o Hardware Implementation

o Block Diagram

o Components Required

3. SCHEMATIC FILE

4. FEW PICTURES FROM THE PROJECT

5. FLOW CHARTS FOR ASSEMBLY PROGRAM

6. TESTING AND VALIDATION

7. GANTT CHART REVISITED

8. CONCLUSION

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

All of us have played many racing games on our personal computer where laptime and speed is shown at end of race. But in comparison to games in real lifewe have to use stopwatches to capture lap which do have human errors and alsodid not show average speed as we got an opportunity to work on amicroprocessor 8085 project, the idea hit us why not make a device which willgive us time and speed accurately. With this idea, we went on to solve theproblem faced by a racer while alone practicing on track. We had a clearpicture of how to solve the problem.

We had developed our concept, and the concept started getting justified as westarted learning about microprocessor and we started understanding how thedifferent inputs, outputs and memory should be interfaced to get the finaldesign we wanted to make. We also understand working of a 16X2LCD.

System works by sending an invisible IR signal from the transmitter across thetrack placed on starting line to get lap time. When car passes through lap line itwill trigger RST 6.5 causes it save data of current lap and start timer for nextlap. When car passes though end line it will trigger RST 7.5 causes it save dataof current lap and unmask RST 5.5 (button for viewing record). Now recordscan viewed from data button. So, we were all ready to start with hardware aswell as software!

PROJECT DESCRIPTIONo Hardware Implementation

INTPUT: two comparators to detect object passing through IR sensors whoseoutput is connected to rst 7.5 and rst 6.5

INTERRUPT INPUTS- Rst 7.5 to detect end of raceRst 6.5 to detect laps.Rst 5.5 button for viewing records.

OUTPUT- The device consists of 16X2 LCD which will display time ofcurrent lap and previous lap with lap number. After race it is used to displaytime and speed of laps.

o Block Diagram

o Components Required

Intel 8085AH Microprocessor EEPROM 32k (28256) RAM 32k (62256) 1 LM358 (Dual Comparator) 2 20x1 Female Header 1 16x1 Female Header 1 16x1 Male Header 1 2x1 Male Header 1 7402(Quad NOR gates) 1 74138 (3X8 Decoder) 1 74573 (8 bit Latch) 1 16x2 LCD 1 6.14 MHz Quartz Crystal Ceramic capacitors (Two 10pf, Nine 0.1uf, One 1nf, Two 0.01uf) Polarized capacitors (Three - 10uf, One 47uf) Resistors (Two 100ohm, Six 4.7k, Six 10k, Three 3.3k, One 1k) 3 Push Button 1 Female USB B type 4 LED (3mm 2 Red ,2 Green) 2 10k Trim Pot. (3296 Package) 1 2pin Relimate Connector 1 4pin Relimate Connector 2 5mm IR Transmitter & Receiver 1 1N5819 Diode

SCHEMATIC FILE

FEW PICTURES FROM THE PROJECT

FLOW CHARTS FOR THE ASSEMBLY PROGRAM

THE BEGINNING

LCD DISPLAY

LCD DISPLAY

SAVE THE DATA

DATA RECORD

TESTING AND VALIDATION

1. ICs & COMPONENT TESTINGFirst of all, after we got the components from market and CEDT lot, wetested all our IC chips on an IC tester available in Electronics Lab. We alsotested LEDs and LCD on a breadboard.

2. PROGRAM SIMULATION ON IDEWe simulated our assembly program on JUBIN 8085 IDE. After writingsmall functions we wrote and assembled our complete program on the IDE.The simulation results on the IDE gave a picture of how the actual projectwill run, looking across changes in register values, memory section and i/oports.

3. TEST SID AND SODWe burnt a simple SID and SOD program on the ROM and worked out onour project. This is a proof of working of microprocessor.

4. CHECK WHETHER INTERRUPTS FUNCTIONINGWe burnt a program on the ROM to see whether all the interrupts we areusing RST 7.5,6.5, 5.5 in our project are functioning fine. This test also wentwell.

5. TEST THE LCDWe burnt a program on the ROM to print hello world on LCD and we weresuccessful again. Luck was clearly supporting our hard work.

6. WRITE VARIOUS VERSIONS OF MAIN PROGRAM ON ROMAfter all this verification we began writing our main program on the ROMand check how it worked out. After real time testing we were able to correctvarious loopholes in our program and continuously improvise it and make itbetter and efficient.

GANTT CHART REVISITED

ACTUAL COMPLETION

ACTIVITY COMPLETED BY

Finding partner Jan 9, 2016

Introduction to 8085 Feb 8, 2016

Project proposal Feb 1, 2016

Synopsis submission Feb 6, 2016

Schematic Feb 16, 2016

Preparation of board file Mar 12, 2016

PCB layout Mar 13, 2016

Programming of 8085 Mar 15, 2016

Verification and testing Apr 25, 2016

Final submission June 4, 2016

CONCLUSION

EC-316 MICROPROCESSORS PROJECT was a great opportunity

which Prof. Gadre gave us to learn practical aspects of electronics. We

learnt in depth about microprocessors and assembly language

programming and were able to correlate theoretical concepts with their

actual real world, real time implementation.

After a few project proposals we made finally Sir approved our proposal

TRACK LAP TIME AND SPEED . We gathered all the basic knowledge

about the microprocessor 8085 and brushed up digital logic concepts

which was to be used in this project. We started thinking on how the

sports car races actually measure lap time and speeds of the racers. We

studied about IR sensor and its interfacing with 8085 and developed a

concept how this can be used to measure lap time and speeds more

accurately. Having made the schematic we developed the board file and

sent it to pcbpower.com. After few days our PCB was shipped and we

were all ready to work on the master project. We soldered all the

components. Meanwhile we had worked on the software and after

hardware got ready, we started working on programming the ROM and

testing the working of our project.

At the end of this semester, we present our project to everyone. We

worked very hard on it and are immensely pleased to present it. Hope

everyone like it!

BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEXTBOOKS:1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085Author: Ramesh GaonkarPublisher: Penram International Publishing (India) Pvt. LtdEdition: 5th editionISBN: 97881879720992. The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming and InterfacingAuthor: K.Udaya Kumar, B.S.UmashankarPublisher: Pearson Education IndiaEdition: 1st editionISBN: 97881775845543. Microprocessors and InterfacingAuthor: Douglas V. HallPublisher: Mcgraw Hill EducationEdition: 3rd editionISBN: 9781259006159

DATASHEETSwww.admatec.ch/download.php?file=oki/cpu_io/msm80c85.pdflcdhttps://www.brodie-tyrrell.org/fstoptimer/source/JHD162A.pdf

WEB LINKS

https://www.8051projects.net/lcd-interfacing/commands.php

http://www.circuitvalley.com/2012/02/lcd-custom-character-hd44780-16x2.html

http://www.dinceraydin.com/djlcdsim/djlcdsim.html