Network AdministrationNetwork Administration

( Structured Cabling

Ipv4, Basic LAN)Cyrene T. Palparan, ECE, CCNA

Structured cabling

Structured cabling terms� MDF(main distribution frame)- A telecommunications room or

wiring closet, in a small, single-floor network

It is where all of the network cable concentrates to a single point

IDF(Intermediate Distribution Facilities)-additional wiring closets required

Some common materials

� Modular jack face plate

Patch panel

Cable manager

Some common materials

� Modular jack

Cable manager

Some terms to considered in

designing� Backbone cable: The part of a network that handles the

major traffic

� Cable labeling system: Proper labeling system or scheme to identify cables

� Electrical considerations: Premises should have adequate outlets to support electrical requirements of network equipment

� Cable management system: Series of trays and straps used to guide and protect cable runs

STRUCTURED CABLING BEST

PRACTICES� 1.Type of cable should depends on the data that will flow on it.

� 2. Cable standards specify maximum lengths for different types of cables. Always adhere to the length restrictions for the type of cable being installed.

� 3. UTP, like all copper cable, is susceptible to EMI. It is important to install cable away from sources of interference such as high-voltage cables and fluorescent lighting. Televisions, computer monitors and microwaves are other possible sources of interference. In some environments it may be necessary to install data cables in conduit to protect them from EMI and RFI.

� 4. Improper termination and the use of low quality cables and connectors can degrade the signal carrying capacity of the cable. Always follow the rules for cable termination and test to verify that the termination has been done properly.

� 5. Test all cable installations to ensure proper connectivity and operation.

� 6. Label all cables as they are installed, and record the location of cables in network documentation.

Ip v4 address� The IP address is a logical network address that identifies a

particular host(alias)

� Operates on the Network Layer

Ipv4 structure� An IP address is simply a series of 32 binary bits (ones and

zeros). It is very difficult for humans to read a binary IP address. For this reason, the 32 bits are grouped into four 8-bit bytes called octets.

� 11000000.10101000.0000000100000101

Subnet mask (basic)

-allows the flow of network

traffic between hosts to be

segregated based on a network

configuration

255.255.255.0—11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

means the first 3 octet are for network

And the last octet is for the host

Cidr=24

Now try….� 255.255.0.0

� binary=� binary=

� What octet Is for network?

� What octet is for host?

� Cidr=

Now try….� 255.255.0.0

� binary=11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000� binary=11111111.11111111.00000000.0000000

� What octet Is for network?1st and 2nd

� What octet is for host?3rd and 4th

� Cidr=/16

Now try….� 255.0.0.0

� Binary=� Binary=

� What octet Is for network?

� What octet is for host?

� Cidr=

Now try….� 255.0.0.0

� binary=11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000� binary=11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

� What octet Is for network?1st

� What octet is for host?2nd, 3rd and 4th

� Cidr= /8

How subnet mask and ip address

interact

H1 will check the subnet mask coming from H2. H1 will check the

subnet mask to know what octet is for the network and what is for the host. If the

H1 finds that they have same subnet mask as to H2, H1 will check the

IP address of H2 if they are the same network address. On the figure

Above, H1 and H2 will communicate since they are on the same network

Address based on the subnet mask.

exercise

Determine what network the host resides

192.168.22.5 192.168.22.0/192.168.22.5

192.168.23.4

192.168.22.2

10.10.10.1

11.11.11.12

172.15.213.22

172.16.222.23

192.168.22.0/

24 network

10.0.0.0

/8network

172.16.0.0

/16network

exercise

Determine what network the host resides

192.168.22.5 192.168.22.0 192.168.22.5192.168.23.4

192.168.25.2

10.10.10.111.11.11.12

172.15.213.22

172.16.222.23

192.168.22.0

network

10.0.0.0

network

172.16.0.0

network

Sample problem

192.168.11.12

255.255.255.0

192.168.11.13

255.255.255.0

Will it communicate?

Sample problem

192.168.11.12 /24

192.168.11.

13 /24

Sample problem

172.168.11.1

2 /24

192.168.11.13 /24

Will it communicate?

Sample problem

192.168.

12.12

/24

192.168.11.13 /24

Determining the number of host

available on a particular mask

importance;

in order to determine the number of host in a give mask

# of host:2^(number of zero on the host octet)

So for …255.255.255.0

11111111.11111111.11111111.0000000011111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

The number zero on the host octet should be used

2^8=256 HOSTS

AND

254 USABLE HOST(CAN BE ASSIGNED ON THE INTERFACE INCLUDING THE DEFAULT GATEWAY)

Why? � Because two ip is reserved for broadcast and the network

address

broadcast ip address- is the last ip on the network

network address- is the first ip on the network

Exercise � For example

192.168.100.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0 192.168.100.0 subnet mask 255.255.255.0

� 192.168.100.0 is the subnet address

� 192.168.100.1 is the first usable address

� 192.168.100.254 is the last usable address

� 192.168.100.255 is the broadcast address

For example � What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask

255.255.255.0?

� What are the usable address?

192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254

For example � What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.0 mask

255.255.255.0?

� What are the usable address?

now try!!!255.255.0.0

Cidr=

Binary equivalent=

Number of hosts=

Number of usable hosts=

And also

172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0

Broadcast address=

Subnet address

Last usable ip=

now try!!!255.255.0.0

Cidr=/ 16

Binary equivalent=11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Number of hosts=65536

Number of usable hosts=65534

And also

172.16.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0

Broadcast address=172.16.255.255

Subnet address-172.16.0.0

Last usable ip=172.16.255.254

Classes of IP

But..� 127 is not a usable ip since it is used for loopback or for

testing

RESERVED PRIVATE IP

ASSIGNED� 10.0.0.0 UP TO 10.255.255.254

� 172.16.0.0 UP TO 172.32.255.254� 172.16.0.0 UP TO 172.32.255.254

� 192.168.0.0 UP T0 192.168.255.254

AND THE REST ARE PUBLIC IP (INTERNET)

AND CANNOT BE USED ON THE NETWORK

How IPV4 is configured

Dynamic-automatic configuration

using dhcp server� DHCp- assigns an IP address to your laptop.

LAN- Local Area Network

Before that lets define..

Before that lets define..

Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical network segment where data packets can “collide” with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol (analogy)

Collision domain -A collision domain is a logical network segment where data packets can “collide” with one another for being sent on a shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking protocol (analogy)

Imagine a road using one lane only to be used for

both direction. It means one car can only pass unto

road while some car will wait until the car had pass road while some car will wait until the car had pass

unto the road.

CSMA-CD( Carrier Sense Multi

Access- Collision Detection

� I f the two will sent a data simultaneously on the same collision domain, There will be a collision and will be detected using CSMA- CD. The computer will said the network will be jam and wait for a will be jam and wait for a particular time in order to send again( used by Hub)

� CSMA- Collision Avoidance-

used on wireless communication on routers and Access points.

Broadcast Domain- A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer.

NETWORK DEVICES

One collision domain Collision domain depends

on number of port

hub SWITCH

H

on number of port

Divides the bandwidth

by the number of user Dedicated bandwidth

Half duplex Full duplex

Layer 1 Layer 2

One broadcast domain

NETWORK DEVICES

Collision domain depends

on number of port

router SWITCH

Collision domain depends

on number of porton number of port

Dedicated bandwidthDedicated bandwidth

Full duplex Full duplex

Layer 3 Layer 2

One broadcast in

every port One broadcast for

every port

Used to connect two

different networkUsed to connect pc on the

same network

Exercise(100 MBPS hub)� How many collision?

� How many broadcast?

� Bandwidth on each pc?

Exercise( 100 MBPS hub)� How many collision? 1

� How many broadcast?1

� Bandwidth on each pc?33.33 MBps

100 MBPs switch� How many collision domain?

� How many broadcast domain?

� Bandwidth on each pc?

100 MBPs switch� How many collision domain?2

� How many broadcast domain?1

� Bandwidth on each pc?100 MBPS

100 MBps hub and 100 MBps

switch

How many collision domain?

How many broadcast domain?

Bandwidth on each pc?

100 MBps hub and 100 MBps

switch

How many collision domain? 3

How many broadcast domain?1

Bandwidth on each pc?

PC0-33MBPS PC1=33MBPS PC2= 33MBPS PC3-

100MBPS PC4= MBPS

� How many collision domain?

� How many broadcast domain?

� How many collision domain?7

� How many broadcast domain?2

Thank you!Thank you!