Network ApproachesNetwork Approachesto Managing Complexto Managing ComplexUrban River SystemsUrban River Systems

Research Team:Research Team:

CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems

CSIRO Land and WaterCSIRO Land and Water

Complex Systems ScienceComplex Systems Science

University of MelbourneUniversity of Melbourne

In collaboration with:In collaboration with:

Swan River TrustSwan River Trust

Regional SettingRegional Setting

Swan region covers 7000 Swan region covers 7000 kmkm22

In addition to the Swan In addition to the Swan and Canning, 6 additional and Canning, 6 additional sub-catchments and sub-catchments and estuaries estuaries 75% nutrients75% nutrients

Dominant surface feature Dominant surface feature is the Swan –Canning is the Swan –Canning Estuary (55 kmEstuary (55 km2)2)

Avon River Basin Avon River Basin (121,000 km(121,000 km22) ) 75% salt 75% salt load; 25% nutrients into load; 25% nutrients into Swan/CanningSwan/Canning

Socio-cultural landscapeSocio-cultural landscape 1.25 million people (70% state population) growing at 1.2% pa1.25 million people (70% state population) growing at 1.2% pa Indigenous presence for over 40,000 yearsIndigenous presence for over 40,000 years high demands on land & water resources forhigh demands on land & water resources for

IndustryIndustry CommerceCommerce ResidentialResidential TransportTransport Lifestyle needsLifestyle needs

Estuarine system has important environmental valuesEstuarine system has important environmental values Significant economic and recreational assetSignificant economic and recreational asset

NRM Goals for the regionNRM Goals for the region Conserve natural diversityConserve natural diversity Ensure acceptable water quantity and quality Ensure acceptable water quantity and quality Improve land conditionImprove land condition Improve management processesImprove management processes

LegislationLegislation statutory processesstatutory processes programs and strategiesprograms and strategies

to be integrated to improve natural resource management to be integrated to improve natural resource management Achieve cultural changeAchieve cultural change

GovernmentGovernment industry andindustry and CommerceCommerce CommunityCommunity individual behaviours individual behaviours

For better understanding and management of the Region’s natural For better understanding and management of the Region’s natural resources resources

Strategic initiativesStrategic initiatives

Swan and Canning River Precinct Swan and Canning River Precinct Planning ProjectPlanning Project

Swan Canning Environmental Protection Swan Canning Environmental Protection Plan (SCEPP)Plan (SCEPP)

Riverplan: a comprehensive management Riverplan: a comprehensive management plan and implementation strategy for plan and implementation strategy for SCEPPSCEPP

Swan River SystemSwan River System

Institutional settingInstitutional setting complex governance arrangementscomplex governance arrangements jurisdictional overlap in responsibilitiesjurisdictional overlap in responsibilities interactive processes that are unclear or difficult to interactive processes that are unclear or difficult to

resolveresolve

Multiple stakeholdersMultiple stakeholders Large number of players / nodesLarge number of players / nodes

Emerging featuresEmerging features

Central questionsCentral questions

Can network theory and associated social Can network theory and associated social analysis be used to solve real world, analysis be used to solve real world, complex NRM problemscomplex NRM problems

Can knowledge about the functionality of Can knowledge about the functionality of the Swan River network be used in the Swan River network be used in planning and for the implementation of the planning and for the implementation of the Swan-Canning EPP by Swan River TrustSwan-Canning EPP by Swan River Trust

Swan River Trust

Department of Environment

Water Corporation

CALM

Department ofAgriculture

Department ofFisheries

Department ofHealth

Local Government

WALGA

Western PowerMain Roads

Department of Planningand Infrastructure

Swan Catchment Council

Avon Catchment Council

landholders

catchment groups/NRMgroups

NGOs

CSIRO

tertiary educationinstitutes

National Trust

Keep AustraliaBeautiful Council

WA Planning Commission

Yacht clubs andMarinas

catchmentmanagement

propertymanagement

natural areamanagement

industry groups

chemicalcontaminants

environmental waterprovisions

waterways salinitymanagement

environmentalprotection provisions

land developmentadvice

land development capabilityand suitability

Seweragein-fill

water efficiency andrecycling

waterconservation

groundwatercontaminants

contaminated sites/acid-sulphate soils

drainage management

drainage review and retro-fit

water sensitive urban design

riparian zone flora and fauna research programs

promote riparian zone flora and fauna managemnet needs

clearing controls for riparian vegetation

biodiversity guidelines*

vegetation surveys - bush forever sites

biodiversity inventories and management plans

assessment of formal biodiversity partnership arrangements

River foreshore condition assessment

exotic species control strategies

Fremantle Port

incentive schemes to manage riparianvegetation

investment strategies for incentive schemes

increased corridore planting with local species

precinct policy plans

litter strategy

river use/recreation strategy

recreation grassed area drainage plans

river microbiological status and reduction plans

water licence conditions

water licence fees and management

water resource allocation plans

EMS for Yacht clubs and Marinas

manage boat wash, wake, noise & speed

sustainable fishing and compliance

education on sustainable fishing practices

fish stock/habitat enhancement

investigate algal blooms and fish ecology

The Riverplan network The Riverplan network – what does it show?– what does it show?

High interconnectivity of systemHigh interconnectivity of system ComplexityComplexity Identification of both highly connected and Identification of both highly connected and

peripheral agency roles in Riverplanperipheral agency roles in Riverplan

A very complicated system!A very complicated system!

The Riverplan networkThe Riverplan network

Due to high level of complexityDue to high level of complexity Focus on a specific Swan River management Focus on a specific Swan River management

issue: issue: developmentdevelopment and and river amenityriver amenity Conversion of Riverplan network into formal Conversion of Riverplan network into formal

models and preliminary analysismodels and preliminary analysis Semi-structured interview questions developed Semi-structured interview questions developed

and tested - to provide network information for and tested - to provide network information for this issue setthis issue set

Data collection from core ‘Riverplan’ agenciesData collection from core ‘Riverplan’ agencies

Development and River AmenityDevelopment and River Amenity

Prisoner’s DilemmaPrisoner’s Dilemma

Tension between Tension between interest groups along interest groups along the Swan Riverthe Swan River

The Executive Inter-The Executive Inter-Organization NetworkOrganization Network

Organisational links of any Organisational links of any responsibilityresponsibility

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Organisational links of any Organisational links of any responsibilityresponsibility

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

All Crucial TiesAll Crucial Ties

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

CrucialCrucial Ties: “Implementing Ties: “Implementing Policy”Policy”

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Crucial Ties: “Legislative Crucial Ties: “Legislative Initiatives”Initiatives”

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Crucial Ties: “Developing Crucial Ties: “Developing Policy”Policy”

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Very Important but Difficult TiesVery Important but Difficult Ties

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Very Important but Difficult Ties: Very Important but Difficult Ties:

“Implementing Policy”“Implementing Policy”

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Very Important but Difficult Ties: Very Important but Difficult Ties: “Legislative Initiatives”“Legislative Initiatives”

Red=respondent; Yellow=non-respondent

Very Important but Difficult Ties: Very Important but Difficult Ties: “Developing Policy”“Developing Policy”

Lattice Models.Lattice Models.

155 multiplex ties, each involving up to 14 areas of 155 multiplex ties, each involving up to 14 areas of responsibilityresponsibility

Lattice representation of array for 155 ties Lattice representation of array for 155 ties 14 areas 14 areas

In the lattice:In the lattice: Node size indicates no. of edges with fitted profileNode size indicates no. of edges with fitted profile A node corresponding to one or more multiplex ties is at or A node corresponding to one or more multiplex ties is at or

above all of the areas in its (fitted) profileabove all of the areas in its (fitted) profile An area is at or below all multiplex ties which include it in their An area is at or below all multiplex ties which include it in their

(fitted) profiles(fitted) profiles One area is below another if responsibility for the first entails One area is below another if responsibility for the first entails

responsibility for the second in the set of fitted profilesresponsibility for the second in the set of fitted profiles

Hierarchical View of the Hierarchical View of the ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

NextNext StepsSteps

Key Player AnalysisKey Player Analysis

Mohamed Atta

Ramzi Bin al-Shibh

Essid Sami Ben Khemais

DominanceDominance HierarchiesHierarchies

David Score

QuestionsQuestions