Network Hardware (I) Networks and Protocols Prepared by: TGK First Prepared on: Last Modified on: Quality checked by: Copyright 2009 Asia Pacific Institute

Network Hardware (I)

Networks and Protocols

Prepared by: TGK First Prepared on: Last Modified on:

Quality checked by: Copyright 2009 Asia Pacific Institute of Information Technology



Slide 2 of 27

Topic & Structure of the lesson

Classification of Networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN)

•WAN technologies (Frame Relay, ISDN, and ATM)



Slide 3 of 27

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, YOU should be able to:

• Explain the different classification of networks.

• Explain the WAN technologies – Frame relay, ISDN, and ATM.



Slide 4 of 27

Key Terms you must be able to use

If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use the following terms correctly in your assignments and exams:

• PAN• LAN• MAN• WAN• FR• ISDN• ATM



Slide 5 of 27

Main Teaching Points

• Types of networks

• Size/Coverage of network

• Ownership of network

• Transmission speeds of network

• Technology and Services used by the network

• Switched network

• Packet based network

• Cell based network



Slide 6 of 27

• For two computers to communicate with one another, they’d have to be connected in one form line configuration or another

• Understandably, only the network configuration is of the best efficiency, in terms of the amount of physical wires

• The network configuration has been grouped into many different categories

Introduction



Slide 7 of 27

Classification of Networks

NETWORKTYPES

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)



Slide 8 of 27

Personal Area Network (PAN)

• Gaining popularity owing to the use of free communication medium and reduction in hardware cost

• Allow convenient and ubiquitous communication and data transfer

• Mainly adopted for handheld devices and ad-hoc communications

• Limitation in communication distance and bandwidth

• Security can be a drawback for such network



Slide 9 of 27

• The most abundant network around as it is also the most basic

• The size of LANs range from the simple set-up of two computers sharing a resource to multitudes of computers sharing information across an area a few kilometers wide

• The purpose of a LAN is simply the localized sharing of resources within a specified area




Slide 10 of 27




Slide 11 of 27




Slide 12 of 27


• The data rates for LANs typically are from 4Mbps to 100Mbps

• The limitations of LANs is by organizations

• Usually, a LAN is private to an organization

• When a LAN spans multiple kilometers, the signal has to be regenerated many times with the use of repeaters, which is limited to 4



Slide 13 of 27

• At times, it is necessary to link multiple LANs together

• When a LAN can no longer support the size of a growing network, it will utilize the infrastructure of the city

• Then, we would say that the Local Area Network has grown into a Metropolitan Area Network

• MANs are LANs connected throughout a city via an existing communications infrastructure or a privately owned communications system

Metropolitan Area network (MAN)



Slide 14 of 27

Metropolitan Area network (MAN)



Slide 15 of 27

Wide Area Network (WAN)

• In the case of multinationals, MANs are simply incapable of rising to the challenge

• Multinationals whose offices are geographically scattered across the world has to link them together

• This is done through a Wide Area Network

• WANs utilize a combination of public and privately owned infrastructures to get information from the source to the sink



Slide 16 of 27

Frame Relay (FR)

• Commonly used in Public Switched Data Networks (PSDN)

• Offers speeds of 64 kbps to about 2 Mbps. This is the range of greatest corporate demand

• Priced attractively

• Offers following features:

• packet switched

• uses virtual circuits or

• dedicated connections



Slide 17 of 27

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• 2B+D Basic Rate Interface (BRI) to the desktop

• Two 64-kbps B channels

• Can be bonded for 128 kbps service

• One 16-kbps D channel, usually for supervisory signals

64kbps

64kbps

BRI2B+D

Terminal Adapter(ISDN Modem)



Slide 18 of 27

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• Primary Rate Interface (PRI)

• Connection between firm and ISDN carrier

• 23B+D (on a T1 line) or 30B+D (E1 line)

• Twenty-Three 64 kbps B channels

• One 64 kbps D channel for supervision

ISDNPRIBRI

2B+D23B+D

(30B+D)



Slide 19 of 27

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

• Like frame relay:

• it uses packet switched

• it supports virtual circuits

• and dedicated connections

• Unlike Frame Relay:

• much faster

• 45 Mbps, 156 Mbps, 622 Mbps, several Gbps

• may offer quality of service (QoS) guarantees

• maximum latency for time-critical applications

• exact cell-by-cell timing



Slide 20 of 27

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

• Very Expensive

• Complexity because of basic mechanisms

• Complexity because of quality of service mechanisms



Slide 21 of 27

Quick Review Question

1. Compare and contrast between PAN, LAN, MAN, and WAN for data communications.

2. Determine the appropriate applications/usage of Frame relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode as the choice for communications.



Slide 22 of 27

Follow Up Assignment

• Carry out a research to discover and propose which and how the concepts and technologies covered in this chapter can benefit a multi-national company.



Slide 23 of 27

Summary of Main Teaching Points



Slide 24 of 27

Q & A

Question and Answer Session



Slide 25 of 27

Topic and Structure of next session

• Network Hardware (II)

WAN technologies (Cellular Network, Satellite Network, and Wireless Network)

Next Session

Documents

Network Hardware (I) Networks and Protocols Prepared by: TGK First Prepared on: Last Modified on: Quality checked by: Copyright 2009 Asia Pacific Institute