Network infrastructure MANAGEMENT OF j&k BANK

7/30/2019 Network infrastructure MANAGEMENT OF j&k BANK

1/94

Network

infrastructure

MANAGEMENT OF

j&k BANK


2/94


3/94

CONTENTS AT GLANCE

1. Introduction2. Project Layout3. Hardware & Software Requirements4. Installation of server 2003 standard edition5. Installation of Active Directory6. Installation of DNS & configuring it7. Installation of Additional domain server8. Configuration of client computers9. Creation of users10.Applying permission on users via organizational unit11.Installation of IIS service12.Installation of FTP server13.Router configuration

(a)Configuration of Srinagar router(b)Configuration of Budgam router(c)Configuration of Baramulla router(d)Configuration of Anantnag router(e)Configuration of Jammu router


4/94

PROJECT LAYOUT


5/94

INTRODUCTION

Our project is WAN infrastructure management or simply Networking of J&K

Bank. J&K Bank is one of the prominent financial Institution of Jammu & Kashmir

having branches all over India. J&K bank Headquarter is connected to its branches& other important financial institutions for smooth functioning & convenience

clients.

Why networking in Banks ?

It is not just that use networks. A lot of business do . However one example of

why a bank uses networks is, say you go & open account. For you to be able

withdraw money from a different town/city, that would mean (without

networks) somebody is going to have to call every bank & give your details & then

every time you lodge or take out money they have to call all the banks again to

keep them up-to- date on your account.

With networks,every bank can see your account ,what is in your account and it

saves having to get somebody call other banks every time you make a

withdrawal.

Computerization has revolutionized the banking industry. The advent of the usage

of computers has enormously increased the banking capabilities of the banks and

they are able to offer better and wider range of services to their customers.

Internet banking, mobile banking, ATMs etc are all the fruits of computerization

of the banking industry. Banks are able to expand at a great rate and offer

services to more and more customers because of the use of computers .

We have installed two servers in the headquarter of J&K Bank,one acts as parent

domain (jkbank) and other one as additional domain (nim.jkbank), restrictions

have been applied on the users . Besides, FTP and Web server have been installed

. Each router is connected via internet to the headquarter.


6/94


7/94

NETWORKING

Network:

A group or a collection of two or more computers, printers, routers, switches,

systems linked together so that they are able to communicate with each other

using some transmission media such as wires, cables, fibre,etc.

Types of Networks

There are Four basic types of networks currently in existence

1.Local Area Network (LAN)

2.Wide Area Network (WAN)

3.Metropolitan-area Network (MAN)

4.Home-area Network (HAN)

Local Area Networks (LAN)

A Local Area Network(LAN) is a group of computers and network communication

devices within a limited geographic area, such as an office building. No third party

involvement here.

They are characterized by the following:

High data transfer speeds

Generally less expensive technologies

Limited geographic area


8/94

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

A Wide Area Network(WAN) interconnects LANs. It is not restricted to a

particular geographic area and may be interconnected around the world. Third

party network is involved.

They are characterized by the following:

Multiple interconnected LANs

Generally more expensive technology

More sophisticated to implement than LANs

Exist in an unlimited geographic area

Less error resistance due to transmission travel distances

Metropolitan-area Network (MAN)

A MAN is a network that connects LANs and/or buildings in an area that is often

larger than a campus. For example, a MAN might be used to connect a companys

various offices within a metropolitan area via the services of a telecom provider.

Home Area Networks (HAN)

A HAN is a network contained within a user's home that connects a person's

digital devices, from multiple computers and their peripheral devices to

telephones, VCRs, televisions, video games, home security systems, "smart"

appliances, fax machines and other digital devices that are wired into the

network.


9/94

Networking devices

There are numerous devices associated with data information flow

across a network. When adjoined, they create the infrastructure of a

functional network. These devices include:

Repeaters

Bridges

Hubs

Switches

Routers


10/94

Repeaters

Repeaters, located within the physical layer of a network, regenerate and

propagate signals from one to another. They do not change any information being

transmitted, and they cannot filter any information. Repeaters help to extend thedistances of networks by boosting weak signals.

Bridges

Bridges are intelligent repeaters. They regenerate transmitted signals, but unlike

repeaters, they can also determine destinations.

Hubs

Hubs connect all computer LAN connections into one device. They are nothing

more than multiport repeaters. Hubs cannot determine destinations; they merely

transmit to every line attached in a half-duplex mode.

Routers

Routers are a step up from bridges. They are able to route and filter information

to different networks. Some routers can automatically detect problems and

redirect information around the problem area. These are called "intelligent

routers."

Switches

Switches connect all computer LAN connections, the same as hubs do. The

difference is that switches can run in full-duplex mode and are able to direct and

filter information to and from specific destinations


11/94

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

The Topology refers to a map of the network ( logical or physical )The

physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables,

computers, information between workstations.The following are

physical topologies used in networks.

Linear Bus

Star

Star-Wired Ring

TreeLinear Bus Architecture

In a Linear bus topology a single cable connects each workstation in a

linear, daisy-chained fashion. Signals are broadcasted to all stations, but

stations only act on the frames addressed to them.

Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology

* Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.

* Requires less cable length than a star topology.

Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology

* Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.

* Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.

* Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

* Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building.


12/94

Star topology

In a star topology, each station is connected to a central hub or concentrator that

functions as a multi-port repeater. Each station broadcasts to all of the devices

connected to the hub. Physical LAN topologies are usually characterized as either

bus or ring. The protocols used with star configurations are usually Ethernet or

Local Talk. Token Ring uses a similar topology, called the star-wired ring.

Advantages of a Star Topology

Easy to install and wire.

No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices.

Easy to detect faults and to remove the failed nodes or broken cables.

Disadvantages of a Star Topology

Requires more cable length than a linear topology.

If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled.

More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the

concentrators.


13/94

Ring Architecture

In a ring topology unidirectional links connect the transmit side of one device to

the receive side of another device.Devices transmit frames to the next device

(downstream member) in the ring.

Star-Wired Ring

A star-wired ring topology may appear (externally) to be the same as a star

topology. Internally, the MAU (multistation access unit) of a star-wired ring

contains wiring that allows information to pass from one device to another in a

circle or ring. The Token Ring protocol uses a star-wired ring topology.

Tree Topology

A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It

consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear busbackbone cable (See fig). Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing

network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs

Advantages of a Tree Topology

Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.

Supported by several hardware and software venders.

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology

Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.

If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.

More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies


14/94

Logical topologies

Logical topologies are of two types:

1.Workgroup

2.domain

Workgroup

A workgroup is a logical group of computers which is characterized by a

decentralized security and and administration model. Authentication provided by

a local account database Security Accounts Manager (SAM) A simple grouping of

computers, intended only to help users find such things as printers and shared

folders within that group. Workgroups in Windows do not offer the centralized

user accounts and authentication offered by domains.

Limitations

Users need unique accounts on each workstation

Users manage their own accounts (security issues)

Not very scalable

Domain

A domain is a logical group of computers which is characterized by centralized

authentication and administration Authentication provided through centralized

Active Directory Active Directory database can be physically distributed across

domain controllers.Requires at least one system configured as a domain

controller


15/94

IP ADDRESSING & SUBNETTING

There are two versions of IPs

1.IP version 4:offers upto 4.2 billion 32-bit size)

2.IP version 6:128-bit size

Each IP address includes the source IP address and destination IP address that

identifies the source and destination network and host.

When IP was first developed, there were no classes of addresses. Now, for ease of

administration, the IP addresses are broken up into classes.

The bits in the first octet identify the address class. The router uses the first bits

to identify how many bits it must match to interpret the network portion of the

address


16/94

Class A addresses include the following:

The first bit is 0.

Range of network numbers: 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0

Number of possible networks: 127 (1- 126 usable, 127 is reserved)

Number of possible values in the host portion: 16,777,216.

Class B addresses include the following:

The first two bits are 10.


Number of possible networks: 16,384

Number of possible values in the host portion: 65,536

Class Caddresses include the following:

The first three bits are 110.


Number of possible networks: 2,097,152

Number of possible values in the host portion: 256

Class D addresses include the following:



17/94

Subnetting:

Subnetting an IP network is to separate a big network into smaller multiple

networks for reorganization and security purposes. All nodes (hosts) in a

subnetwork see all packets transmitted by any node in a network.

Performance of a network is adversely affected under heavy traffic load

due to collisions and retransmissions.

Subnetting is also called as FLSM (Fixed Length Subnet Mask)

Subnetting can be done in three ways.

Requirement of Networks

Requirement of Hosts

Cisco / Notation


18/94

Subnet Mask Examples

Class A : N.H.H.H

11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000

Default Subnet Mask for Class A is 255.0.0.0

Class B : N.N.H.H

11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

Default Subnet Mask for Class B is 255.255.0.0

Class C : N.N.N.H

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

Default Subnet Mask for Class C is 255.255.255.0

How subnet mask works:

IP Address : 192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask : 255.255.255.0

ANDING PROCESS :

192.168.1.1 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001

255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

=======================================

192.168.1.0 = 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000

=======================================

The output of an AND table is 1 if both its inputs are 1.

For all other possible inputs the output is 0.


19/94

Main Aim of Subnetting

Problem with the previous Scenario is :-

Loss of bandwidth as the broadcasting is done for 254 machines rather than

for 20 machines.

Wastage of IP addresses (Approximately 1000)

No Security

ETHERNET CABLE

We can find bulk supplies of ethernet cable at many computer stores or

most electrical or home centers. You want UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)ethernet cable of at least Category 5 (Cat 5). Cat 5 is required for basic10/100 functionality, you will want Cat 5e for gigabit (1000BaseT) operationand Cat 6 or higher gives you a measure of future proofing. You can alsouse STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) for extra resistance to externalinterference but I won't cover shielded connectors. Bulk ethernet cablecomes in many types, there are 2 basic categories, solid and braidedstranded cable. Stranded ethernet cable tends to work better in patchapplications for desktop use. It is more flexible and resilient than solidethernet cable and easier to work with, but really meant for shorter lengths.

Solid ethernet cable is meant for longer runs in a fixed position. Plenumrated ethernet cable must be used whenever the cable travels through anair circulation space. For example, above a false ceiling or below a raisedfloor. It may be difficult or impossible to tell from the package or labellingwhat type of ethernet cable it is, so peal out an end and investigate.

Here is what the internals of the ethernet cable look like:

Internal Cable Structure and Color Coding


20/94

Inside the ethernet cable, there are 8 color coded wires. These wires aretwisted into 4 pairs of wires, each pair has a common color theme. Onewire in the pair being a solid or primarily solid colored wire and the otherbeing a primarily white wire with a colored stripe (Sometimes ethernetcables won't have any color on the striped wire, the only way to tell which iswhich is to check which wire it is twisted around). Examples of the namingschemes used are: Orange (alternatively Orange/White) for the solidcolored wire and White/Orange for the striped cable. The twists areextremely important. They are there to counteract noise and interference. Itis important to wire according to a standard to get proper performance fromthe ethernet cable. The TIA/EIA-568-A specifies two wiring standards for an8-position modular connector such as RJ45. The two wiring standards,T568A and T568B vary only in the arrangement of the colored pairs. Tomwrites to say "...sources suggest using T568A cabling since T568B is the

AT&T standard, but the US Government specifies T568A since it matchesUSOC cabling for pairs 1 & 2, which allows it to work for 1/2 line phones...".Your choice might be determined by the need to match existing wiring,

jacks or personal preference, but you should maintain consistency. I'veshown both below for straight through cabling and just T568B for crossovercabling

T-568A Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

The TIA/EIA 568-A standard which was ratified in 1995, was replaced by the

TIA/EIA 568-B standard in 2002 and has been updated since. Both standards

define the T-568A and T-568B pin-outs for using Unshielded Twisted Pair cable

and RJ-45 connectors for Ethernet connectivity. The standards and pin-out


21/94

specification appear to be related and interchangeable, but are not the same and

should not be used interchangeably.

T-568B Straight-Through Ethernet Cable

Both the T-568A and the T-568B standard Straight-Through cables are used most

often as patch cords for your Ethernet connections. If you require a cable to

connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when you

connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.

RJ-45 Crossover Ethernet Cable

A good way of remembering how to wire a Crossover Ethernet cable is to wire one

end using the T-568A standard and the other end using the T-568B standard.

Another way of remembering the color coding is to simply switch the Green set of


22/94

wires in place with the Orange set of wires. Specifically, switch the solid Green(G) with the solid Orange, and switch the green/white with the orange/white.

Basic Theory:

By looking at a T-568A UTP Ethernet straight-thru cable and an Ethernetcrossover cable with a T-568B end, we see that the TX (transmitter) pins

are connected to the corresponding RX (receiver) pins, plus to plus and

minus to minus. You can also see that both the blue and brown wire pairs

on pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used in either standard. What you may not

realize is that, these same pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are not used or required in

100BASE-TX as well. So why bother using these wires, well for one thing

its simply easier to make a connection with all the wires grouped together.

Otherwise you'll be spending time trying to fit those tiny little wires into

each of the corresponding holes in the RJ-45 connector.


23/94

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS SERVER 2003

1-Start the computer from the CD.


24/94

2- You can press F6 if you need to install additional SCSI adapters or other mass-

storage devices. If you do you will be asked to supply a floppy disk with the

drivers and you CANNOT browse it (or a CD for that matter). Make sure you have

one handy.

3- Setup will load all the needed files and drivers


25/94

4- Select or create the partition on which you will install Windows Server 2003.


26/94

5- Select a file system for the installation partition. After you create the partition

on which you will install Windows Server 2003, you can use Setup to select the file

system with which to format the partition. Windows Server 2003 supports the

NTFS file system in addition to the file allocation table (FAT) and FAT32 file

systems.


27/94

6- Setup will then begin copying necessary files from the installation point (CD,

local I386 or network share).


28/94

7- The computer will restart in graphical mode, and the installation will continue

8- Now the setup process reboots and loads a GUI mode phase


29/94

INSTALLATION OF ACTIVE DIRECTORY

1-Click Start, Point to run & type dcpromo

2- The wizard windows will appear. Click Next


30/94

3-In the Operating System Compatibility windows read the requirements for the

domain's clients and if you like what you see - press Next


31/94

4- Choose Domain Controller for a new domain and click Next


32/94

5- Choose Create a new Domain in a new forest and click Next


33/94

6-Enter the full DNS name of the new domain ,this must be the same as the DNS

zone .click next


34/94

7-Accept the down level Net BIOS domain name,click next

8- Accept the Database and Log file location dialog box (unless you want to

change them of course). The location of the files is by default

%systemroot%\NTDS, and you should not change it unless you have performance

issues in mind. Click Next.


35/94


36/94

10- Click next


37/94


38/94

14-Review settins and click next


39/94

16-On see the final conformation window click finish.

17- Click Restart now.


40/94

INSTALLATION OF DNS & CONFIGURING IT

Installation of DNS

1- Open Windows Components Wizard. To do so, use the following steps:

2- 2- Click Start, click Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs


41/94

3- Click Add/Remove Windows Components


42/94

4- In Components, select the Networking Services check box, and then click

Details.

5- Now click on Next.


43/94

6- In Subcomponents of Networking Services, select the Domain Name System

(DNS) check box, click OK, and then click Next.

7- If you are prompted, in Copy files from, type the full path of the distribution

files, and then click OK.


44/94

8- Insert windows 2003 cd in to CD-ROM and select the desire file.

9- Now click on finish.


45/94

Configuration of DNS

1- click on start and go to All Programs.

2- Now go to Administrative Tools and click on DNS


46/94

3- In the DNS wizard, click on plus sign of server name.

4- Now Right click on Forward Lookup zone.

5- Click on New Zone

6- Click on Next on welcome to the New Zone wizard


47/94

7- Click radio button on Primary Zone

8- Click on Next

9- Now give the name of Zone, jkbank


48/94

10- Now click on Next

11- Now again click on Next.

12- click on finish


49/94

INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL DOMAIN (ADC)

Additional Domain controller is the domain which provide the fault tolerance.If

you already have one domain controller in a domain, you can add additional

domain controllers to the domain to improve the availability and reliability ofnetwork services. Adding additional domain controllers can help provide fault

tolerance, balance the load of existing domain controllers, and provide additional

infrastructure support to sites. More than one domain controller in a domain

makes it possible for the domain to continue to function if a domain controller

fails or must be disconnected.

Steps of installation of ADC

1- Click Start, point to Run and type "dcpromo".

2- The wizard windows will appear. Click Next.


50/94

3- In the Operating System Compatibility window click Next.


51/94

4- Choose Additional Domain Controller for an existing domain and click Next


52/94

6- In the Network Credentials window enter the username and password for a

Domain Admin in the domain you're trying to join. also enter the full DNS domain

name. Click Next.


53/94

7- Accept the Database and Log file location dialog box (unless you want to

change them of course). The location of the files is by default

%systemroot%\NTDS, and you should not change it unless you have performance

issues in mind. Click Next.


54/94

8- Accept the Sysvol folder location dialog box (unless you want to change it of

course). The location of the files is by default %systemroot%\SYSVOL, and you

should not change it unless you have performance issues in mind. This folder

must be on an NTFS v5.0 partition. This folder will hold all the GPO and scripts

you'll create, and will be replicated to all other Domain Controllers. Click Next.


55/94

9- Enter the Restore Mode administrator's password. Whatever you do -

remember it! Without it you'll have a hard time restoring the AD if you ever need

to do so. Click Next.


56/94

10- Review your settings and if you like what you see - Click Next

11- See the wizard going through the various stages of installing AD. Whatever

you do - NEVER click Cancel!!! You'll wreck your computer if you do. If you seeyou made a mistake and want to undo it, you'd better let the wizard finish and

then run it again to undo the AD.

12- If all went well you'll see the final confirmation window. Click Finish.

13- You must reboot in order for the AD to function properly. Click Restart now.


57/94

Configuration of client computer:

1- Log on Through Administrator.

2- Open properties of My Network Place and Local area Connection.

3- Now configure the IP address, subnet mask and DNS address.


58/94


59/94


60/94


61/94

Creation of users:

1.Open Active Directory by type the dsa.msc command at Run menu


62/94


63/94

Applying permissions on user through organizational unit:

Group Policy is an infrastructure that allows you to implement specific

configurations for users and computers. Group Policy settings are contained in

Group Policy objects (GPOs), which are linked to the following Active Directory

directory service containers: sites, domains, or organizational units (OUs). The

settings within GPOs are then evaluated by the affected targets, using the

hierarchical nature of Active Directory

With the help of group policy we can do following:

Control the user environment.

- Manipulate Start menu options, wallpaper, colors, and so on.

- Prevent users from using Control Panel.


64/94

Control the computer settings.

- Configure DNS client settings.

- Configure the time server client computers use.

Distribute software.

- Force software installation.

- Allow for easy optional software installation through Add/Remove

Programs.

POLICY SETTINGS

Policy settings via organizational unit can be of following types:

Registry-based

Software installations and repairs

Folder redirection and offline storage

Disk quotas

Internet Explorer configuration

BENEFITS OF GROUP POLICY SETTINGS

User benefits

- Access to files either offline or online.

- Consistent environment.

- Files are centrally backed up.

Administrator benefits

- Centralized management of computer and user settings.

- Centralized application distribution.


65/94

- Centralized backup.

- Centralized security enforcement.

Steps of creating organizational unit:

1- Open Active Directory, right click on Domain Server.

2- Click on New, and Click on Organizational Unit.


66/94

Assigning policies to users:

1- Open Active Directory.

2- Right Click on OU and click on Properties


67/94


68/94


69/94


70/94


71/94

5- Now select the Internet Information service and click on OK

6- Click Next on the Windows Components


72/94

7- Now insert 2003 server CD when it promoted.

8- Click Finish on the Completing the Windows Components Wizard


73/94

Configuration of IIS.

1- Now after installing IIS, Inetpub folder created in C: drive by default.

2- Create directory in this folder

3-And now create html file in this folder


74/94

4- Now go to IIS wizard, by click on administrative tools.


75/94

5- Now open the IIS wizard.


76/94

6- Click on plus sign of web site and delete the default web site.


77/94

7- right click on web site.

8-Now point the mouse to the New and click on web site

9- Click on Next of welcome wizard of the web site.


78/94

10- Type the description into Description box.

11- click on next

12- Assign the IP address through which you want to access the web site &

click on next.


79/94

13- Give the path of directory click on Next.

14- Now give the accessing permission click on Next


80/94

15- Now click on Finish wizard

16- Now configure the IP address at the client computer.\

17- Now type the following path to the address bar of the internet explorer.

http://ip address of the Server Computer/name of file


81/94

18- Now you are able to access Web Server.


82/94

INSTALLATION OF FTP SERVER

FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. As the name suggests, FTP is used to

transfer files between computers on a network.You can use FTP to exchange files

between computer accounts, transfer files between an account and a desktopcomputer, or access online software archives.However, that many FTP sites are

heavily used and require several attempts before connecting.

Steps of Installation of FTP Server.

1- Because FTP depends on Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), IIS

and the FTP Service must be installed on the computer.

2- Click Start, point to Control Panel, and then click Add or Remove Programs.

3- Click Add/Remove Windows Components


83/94

4- In the Components list, click Application Server.

5- Click on details.


84/94

6- Now select on Internet Information Service and click on Details.

7- Now check in to File Transfer Protocol Service and now click on OK.


85/94

8- Now Click on Ok & click on next.

9- Now click on Finish.


86/94

Configuration of FTP Server.

1- Now default ftp directory (ftproot) created in Inetpub folder in the c: drive

2- Start Internet Information Services Manager or open the IIS snap-in.

3-Expand Server_name, where Server_name is the name of the server


87/94

4-Expand FTP Sites

5- Right-click Default FTP Site, and then click Properties


88/94

6- Click the Security Accounts tab.

7- Click to select the Allow Anonymous Connections check box (if it is not already

selected), and then click to select the Allow only anonymous connections check

box Now click on OK.

8


89/94

8- Click the Home Directory tab.


90/94

9- Click to select the Read and Log visits check boxes (if they are not already

selected), and then click to clear the Write check box (if it is not already cleared).

10- Click on OK.


91/94

11- Quit Internet Information Services Manager or close the IIS snap-in.

12- Now open the Internet explorer, and type the following path.

ftp://ip Address


92/94

CONFIGURATION OF ROUTERS

Configuration of headquarter(Srinagar) router

Router(config)#router rip

Router(configrouter)#version 2

Router(configrouter)# network 10.10.10.0


Router(configrouter)#no auto summary

Configuration of Baramulla router






Configuration of Budgam router







93/94

Configuration of Anantnag router






Configuration of Jammu router







94/94

SUMMARY

Today computer technology has permeated almost every sphere of modern man.

Networking, as its important part has found its way in almost every modern

establishment like offices, universities, government sectors etc and has made

administration quite efficient.

Our project is on WAN infrastructure management or simply

networking of J&k bank. J&k bank is one of the prominent financial institutions of

Jammu & Kashmir having branches all over India. J&K bank headquarter is

connected to its branches and other important financial institutions for smooth

functioning and convenience of clients.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia

Data communications by Farouzan

Data communications by Stallings

www.google .com

amazon.com

computer networks.
http://www.google/http://www.google/

Documents

Network infrastructure MANAGEMENT OF j&k BANK