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Networks II and Word Processing I
Management Information Systems I
Lecture 4
Mr. Greg Vogl
Uganda Martyrs University
6 March 2003
6 March 2003Management Information Systems I: Networks II and Word Processing I
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Overview
1. Networks II: Technical DetailsA. Local Area Networks
B. Internet
C. Electronic Communications
2. Ergonomics
3. Word Processing I
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1A. Local Area Networks
Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer LAN Benefits and Costs LAN Topologies LAN Hardware Components Network Design Questions
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LAN Benefits
Shared resources (hardware, software, data)– Economy of scale: low cost per user/computer
Communication and information exchange– Email, Web browsing, conferencing, scheduling, etc.
Centralised, remote administration– Install, backup, monitor, cleanup, troubleshoot
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LAN Costs
Network hardware Network OS Communications software Network design and development Administration and maintenance Training Security
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Client-Server Networks
Dedicated server computers provide resources Client computers access server’s resources Centralised administration and maintenance Requires highly trained network administrator Security is strong, user and group-based Performance depends on server capabilities Works well for large networks (>10 computers)
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Peer-to-Peer Networks
Each computer acts as both client and server No server computer or network OS required Distributed administration and maintenance Users must act as administrators of their PCs Security is weak, resource-based Performance depends on peer workstations Best for small network of <10 advanced users
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Network Topologies: Star
Each computer is attached to central hub Easy to add/remove computers Hub is single point of failure Most popular for LANs
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Network Topologies: Bus
Each computer attached to the network cable Cheapest (no hub required) Difficult to add/remove computers Difficult to troubleshoot bad connections Sometimes used for small LANs
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Network Topologies: Ring
Computers connected in a closed loop Token of data passed around in one direction Used to connect high-speed networks
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LAN Hardware Components
Computers: two or more, maybe a server Hub: at least one, with one port per computer NICs: Network Interface Cards/Adapters
– One installed in each computer, connects to hub Cables: to connect computers
– Unshielded twisted pair (UTP), co-axial, fibre optic Peripherals: to be shared on the network
– Printers, scanners, disk drives, modems, etc.
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Network Design Questions
Who are your users? What are their individual and group goals? What are their computing/information needs? What types of uses will the computers have? What software do they need to use? What hardware is needed to run the software? What data traffic is the network likely to have?
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Network Design Questions (cont’d)
Is a dedicated server needed? What server specifications will be needed? Is a network operating system needed? What backup media should be used? What shared resources should be available? How should access to resources be restricted? Other security problems/measures?
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1B. Internet
WAN Hardware Components Internet Access Internet Benefits to Organisations Electronic Market E-Commerce, E-Business and EDI
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WAN Hardware Components
Gateway– Connects different types of networks by translating
Bridge– Connects similar networks
Router– Intelligently directs traffic to appropriate networks– Routes data packets through connected LANs/WAN
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Internet Access
Internet Service Provider (ISP)– Organisation with direct Internet connection– Sells Internet connections to businesses/individuals– Providers of online services: AOL, MSN, Prodigy
Internet Café– Pays ISP to connect its LAN to Internet– Allows individuals to use Internet for short periods
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Internet Benefits to Organisations
Connectivity and global reach Reduced communication costs Lower transaction costs Reduced agency costs Interactivity, flexibility, customization Accelerated distribution of knowledgeSource: Laudon & Laudon, Table 10.2
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Electronic Market
Exchange of info, products, services, payments using Internet, networks, digital technologies– prices, purchase orders, invoices, shipping notices
Advantages– Reduces inventory overhead costs– Reduces paper handling and output/input– Increases vendor-customer co-operation
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E-Commerce, E-Business and EDI
Electronic Commerce– Buying and selling goods and services electronically
Electronic Business– Organisational management and communication
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)– Exchange of business transaction documents
between computers of two organisations
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1C. Electronic Communications
Communications hardware Communications software E-mail Attachments Address book Distribution lists Netiquette
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Communications Hardware
Telephones, modems, PBX, voice mail, Facsimile/Fax– Information digitised, transmitted through phone lines
Cellular (mobile) phones, pagers– Wireless communication using radio waves
Videoconferencing– Computers, video cameras, microphones, speakers
Global Positioning System (GPS)– Satellites determine position of devices – Used for tracking and navigation of vehicles, etc.
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Communications Software
Personal Info. Management e.g. MS Outlook– Address book, notes, messages, task lists– Scheduling (calendar, meetings, appointments, etc.)
Groupware e.g. Lotus Notes– Scheduling, e-mail, conferencing, editing, databases
Project Management e.g. MS Project– Planning, scheduling, analysing– Tasks, events, resources, costs
Other e.g. dial-up networking, terminal emulators– Connect to computers/networks, transfer files, run programs
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E-mail Attachments
Used to send documents, pictures, other files To send attachments
– Compose an e-mail message and click Attachments– Browse to locate the file(s) to attach, and confirm
To receive attachments– Open the e-mail message, download attachment– Browse to locate the folder to save it, and confirm– Scan documents for viruses before opening
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Address Book
Used to keep list of e-mail addresses To add a person to address book
– Open a received message– Click button to automatically add name and address– Or manually type name and e-mail address
To use address book– Compose a message– Select addresses for To:/Cc:/Bcc: lines
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Distribution Lists
List of e-mail addresses used to broadcast information to a group; focused purpose/topic
You can use e-mail software to – Subscribe to an existing list and receive messages– Send a message to the list– Create your own list
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Netiquette
Guidelines for electronic text communications– Be brief, clear, to the point– Be professional (proofread, avoid smileys :-)– Be courteous (avoid sarcasm, flaming)– Read frequently, reply promptly, delete rubbish– Make the Subject: line brief, meaningful – Avoid unnecessary e-mails to multiple recipients– Avoid using work e-mail for personal messages– Others?
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2. Ergonomics
Computer-Related Health Problems Ergonomic Equipment Ergonomic Setup Safe Computing Behaviours
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Computer-Related Health Problems
Cumulative Trama Disorders (CTD) and Repetitive Stress/Strain Injuries (RSI)– Upper body pain (back, neck, arms, wrists, hands)– Permanent/disabling nerve/muscle damage
Vision Disorders– Blurred vision, dry/itchy eyes, headaches
Stress– Impatience, agitation, hostility, irritability
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Ergonomic Equipment
Fully adjustable chair with lower back support Ergonomic keyboard and pointing device Speech recognition and synthesis software High-res., high-refresh, low-radiation monitor Anti-glare, anti-static monitor shield Keyboard/mouse tray; monitor stand;
document holder Stretch break software
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Ergonomic Setup
Position of keyboard/mouse/monitor/desk/chair– Forearms and thighs parallel to floor– Back, shins, upper arms perpendicular to floor– Elbows, knees and waist at 90° angle– Eyes level with top of monitor
Temperature, lighting, noise, fresh air Flexible, adjustable, individualised setup
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Safe Computing Behaviours
Erect, neutral, comfortable posture Relaxed keyboarding and mousing techniques Take frequent breaks (at least 5 min. per hour) Stretching and exercises (esp. upper body) Vary work activities (not only computing) Relaxation/stress management programme General fitness (diet, exercise, etc.)
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3. Word Processing I
Document Management Writing Editing Formatting Help
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Document Management
Menu, toolbar buttons, shortcut keys New document Opening and recently opened files menu Closing a document vs. closing Word Save vs. Save As Backup and automatic save
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Writing
Numbers, letters, Shift, Caps Lock Symbols, insert symbol Word wrap Paragraphs, spaces, tabs Thesaurus, dictionary, encyclopedia
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Editing
Delete vs. backspace Cursor/insertion point; insert vs. overtype mode Selecting: word, words, paragraph, all Cut, copy, paste, clear Find and replace Undo and redo Checking spelling and grammar
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Formatting
Fonts: font families, (sans) serif, proportional Font sizes Font attributes: bold, italic, underline, shadow Bulleted and numbered lists Colours, underlines and other effects
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Word Help
Contents Index Search/answer wizard Office assistant Navigation buttons