Neuro Anatomy terms, ENT section removed (to be replaced byRick Wiggins’ lists)Edit date 2/28/2006NOTE: The relationships for this file are PART-OF or BRANCH-OF.This means that for any A and B, where B is an indented child of A, i.e.,A

BThen either “B is a part of A”or‘B is a branch of A”Please make sure these relationships hold.

HEAD Spaces,locations

Craniocervical junction epidural space subdural space subarachnoid space supratentorial space infratentorial space extracranial space intracranial space

Scalp skin subcutaneous fat galea aponeurosis

subgaleal space [potential space] loose connective tissue [is this part of the scalp?] periosteum

subperiosteal space [potential space] skull calvarium (s) vault of skull (p)

fontanelleanterior fontanelle, (s) metopic fontanelleposterior fontanelle (s) parietal fontanellelateral fontanelle (2)mastoid fontanelle (2)

outer table diploic space inner table

ethmoid bone cribriform plate anterior ethmoidal foramen posterior ethmoidal foramen crista galli

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perpendicular plate frontal bone

zygomatic process supraorbital margin supraorbital foramen supraciliary arch glabella orbital part foramen cecum

lacrimal bone maxilla

lingual surface buccal surface infraorbital foramen infraorbital margin alveolar process

tooth [1-16] incisive foramen frontal process anterior nasal spine

nasal bone internasal suture fronto-nasal suture vomer nasal septum (cartilage)

occipital bone basilar part of occipital bone, basi-occipital bone

clivus jugular tubercle hypoglossal canal posterior condylar canal

condylar part (lateral) occipital condyle

squamosal part foramen magnum superior nuchal line internal occipital protuberance external occipital protuberance

palatine bone parietal bone

superior temporal line inferior temporal line eminence

sphenoid bone greater wing of sphenoid bone

foramina

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rotundum ovale spinosum vesalius optic superior orbital fissure inferior orbital fissure

lesser wing of sphenoid bone pterion (skull points: see file on committee site.

Do we want to include all skull points, and if so, where? All together? Scattered throughout?)

jugum anterior clinoid process tuberculum sella

body sella turcica posterior clinoid process

medial pterygoid plate lateral pterygoid plate pterygopalatine fossa sphenopalatine foramen pterygomaxillary fissure greater palatine foramen lesser palatine foramen sinus sphenoid septum vomer

temporal bone squamous portion of temporal bone glenoid fossa of temporal bone

anterior tubercle of temporal bone posterior tubercle of temporal bone

mastoid portion of temporal bone mastoid tip mastoid air cells mastoid antrum aditus ad antrum Korners septum (part of petrosquamosal

suture) petrous portion of temporal bone

petrous apex of mastoid tegmen tympani arcuate eminence

mandible angle of mandible mandibular foramen

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alveolar canal lingual surface buccal surface coronoid process body of mandible

mental foramen mental symphysis mental protuberance mental tubercle

condyle of mandible (s) condyloid process of mandible (p) ramus of mandible genial tubercle inferior alveolar ridge tooth [17-32]

bicuspid (s) premolar (p) canine incisor molar

articular eminence glenoid fossa post glenoid tubercle

base of skull skull foramen

foramen magnum superior orbital fissure inferior orbital fissure auditory canals

external auditory canal internal auditory canal

optic canal foramen lacerum foramen rotundum vidian canal foramen vesalius foramen spinosum foramen ovale hypoglossal canal / (s) anterior condyloid canal) posterior condyloid canal jugular foramen

pars nervosa pars vascularis

petrous carotid canal skull suture

sagittal suture coronal suture lambdoid suture

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squamosal suture parieto-mastoid suture occipitomastoid suture petrosquamosal suture metopic suture (s) frontal suture sphenofrontal suture sphenoethmoidal suture sphenosquamosal suture sphenoparietal suture squamosomastoid suture frontonasal suture frontoethmoidal suture frontomaxillary suture frontolacrimal suture frontozygomatic suture zygomaticomaxillary suture ethmoidomaxillary suture sphenozygomatic suture sphenomaxillary suture temporozygomatic suture internasal suture nasomaxillary suture lacrimomaxillary suture lacrimoconchal suture intermaxillary suture palatomaxillary suture palatoethmoidal suture median palatine suture transverse palatine suture anatomic variant of skull suture

parietal foramina wormian bones etc.

synchondroses sphenooccipital synchondrosis sphenopetrosal synchondrosis petrooccipital synchondrosis posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis anterior intraoccipital synchondrosis

meninges Cerebral Dura Mater

Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebri

Incisura tentorii Falx cerebelli Diaphragma sellae Cavum trigeminale (s) Meckels cave, Meckel’s cave

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Subdural space (potential space) Spinal Dura Mater

External Filum terminale (s) spinal ligament Epidural space (potential space)

Cerebral Arachnoid Mater Subarachnoid space Cerebral spinal fluid

Subarachnoid Cisterns Cerebellomedullaris cistern (s) cerebellopontine cistern Insular cistern Chiasmatic cistern /(s) suprasellar cistern Cisterna Magna Pontine cistern Perimesencephalic cistern

Interpeduncular cistern Crural cistern Ambient cistern Quadrageminal cistern

Arachnoid granulations Cerebral Pia Mater

Tela choroidea 4th ventricle [should these be “of”?] Choroid plexus 4th ventricle Tela choroidea 3rd ventricle Choroid plexus 3rd ventricle Choroid plexus lateral ventricle

Glomus choroideum CSF spaces / cerebrospinal fluid pathway

septum pellucidum cerebral ventricle

Lateral Ventricle Body Interventricular foramen / (s) Monro foramen Frontal horn Occipital horn Temporal horn Stria terminalis Lamina affixa Choroidal fissure Taenia choroidea Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle Calcar avis Collateral eminence Collateral trigonum / (s) atrium Hippocampus

Pes hippocampi Alveus hippocampi

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Fimbri hippocampi third ventricle

optic recess infundibular recess suprapineal recess pineal recess choroid plexus of cerebral aqueduct

cerebral aqueduct (s) Sylvian aqueduct fourth ventricle

choroid plexus superior medullary velum inferior medullary velum

subarachnoid cistern cisterna magna cerebellopontine angle c. (rp) / cisterna fossae lateralis

cerebri (p) prepontine cisterncisterna pontis (s) perimesencephalic cistern

interpeduncular cistern crural cistern ambient cistern quad cistern

lamina terminalis cistern suprachiasmatic cistern suprasellar cistern pericallosal cistern

anatomic variant of cerebral ventricle cavum septi pellucidi (anatomic variant) cavum vergae (anatomic variant) cavum vellum interpositum

Orbit Locations, spaces

conal-intraconal area extraconal area orbital apex

periosteum bony orbit

borders of orbit roof floor medial lateral posterior (s) apex

globe (s) eye (p) anterior chamber lens

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posterior chamber vitreous body sclera choroid retina

neural structures [anything more here?] muscles

common tendon of Zinn extraocular muscles

inferior oblique m. inferior rectus m lateral rectus m medial rectus m superior oblique m superior rectus m levator palpebrae superioris m.

misc lacrimal gland

*Cerebrum Cerebrum (Encephalon) /(s) Brain [this whole section needs redoing]

Fore-brain/ (s) prosencephalon Telencephalon [repeated below] Diencephalon

Midbrain /(s) mesencephalon Hindbrain /(s) rhomboencephalon Central Nervous System

Gray matter (nuclei and columns) White matter (tracts and fasciculi) Reticular formation Substantia gelatinosa Ependyma

Cerebral Cortex Molecular layer (plexiform) External granular layer External pyramidal layer Internal granular layer Internal pyramidal layer

(ganglionaris) Multiform layer Tangential neurofibers Telencephalic Sections [why is this not under Telecephalon

below?] Archeocortex Paleocortex Neocortex Mesocortex

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Location [of what?] Convexity Vertex Pole

Prosencephalon /(s) Fore-brain Fissure

interhemispheric fissure (s) longitudinal lateral s.,Sylvian (s) transverse f. choroidal f.

Telencephalon [repeated below] Cerebrum [something indented under here?] Cortex cerebri (Pallium) Gyri Sulci Lobes Longitudinal fissure Transverse fissure Lateral fossa Superior margin Inferior margin Medial margin Cerebral Hemisphere Central Sulcus Lateral Sulcus

Anterior ramus Ascending ramus Posterior ramus

Frontal Lobe Frontal pole Precentral sulcus Precentral gyrus Superior frontal gyrus Superior frontal sulcus Middle frontal gyrus Inferior frontal sulcus Inferior frontal gyrus

Pars opercularis (frontal operculum) Pars orbitalis Pars triangularis

Parietal lobe Postcentral sulcus Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Intraparietal sulcus Inferior parietal lobule

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Frontoparietal operculum Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus

Occipital Lobe Occipital pole Transverse occipital gyrus Lunate sulcus Preoccipital incisure (notch)

Temporal Lobe Temporal pole Transverse temporal sulci Transverse temporal gyri Superior temporal gyris

Temporal operculum Superior temporal sulcus Middle temporal gyrus Inferior temporal sulcus Inferior temporal gyrus Collateral sulcus

Insular Lobe Insular gyri

Short insular gyri Long insular gyri

Limen insulae Central insular sulcus Circular sulcus

Medial and Inferior Surfaces Callosal sulcus Cingulate gyrus

Isthmus of the cingulate gyrus Cingulate sulcus Subparietal sulcus Medial frontal gyrus Paracentral lobule Precuneus Parietooccipital sulcus Cuneus Calcarine sulcus Dentate gyrus Hippocampal sulcus Parahippocampal gyrus

Uncus Lingual gyrus Collateral sulcus Rhinal sulcus Medial occipitotemporal gyrus

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Occipitotemporal sulcus Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus Gyrus rectus Orbital gyri Orbital sulci Olfactory bulb (also listed under CN1)

Olfactory tract Olfactory trigone Olfactory striae, medial and lateral

Olfactory gyri, medial and lateral Rhinencephalon

Anterior perforated substance Diagonal band (of Broca) Subcallosal area Paraterminal gyrus

telencephalon cerebral hemisphere

frontal lobe gyri [are these all gyri?] superior frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus inferior frontal gyrus opercular part triangular part orbital part precentral gyrus paracentral lobule gyrus rectus orbital gyrus anterior perforating substance paraterminal gyrus anterior paraolfactory gyrus posterior paraolfactory gyrus

sulci central sulcus [listed above] precentral sulcus superior frontal sulcus inferior frontal sulcus olfactory sulcus cingulate sulcus

insula gyri

long insular gyrus short insular gyrus

sulci circular sulcus

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temporal lobe gyri

superior temporal gyrus operculum middle temporal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus transverse temporal gyrus (s) Heschl’s parahippocampal gyrus uncus lingual gyrus medial occipitotemporal gyrus, lingual (s) lateral occipitotemporal gyrus (s) fusiform gyrus

sulci superior temporal sulcus inferior temporal sulcus collateral sulcus occipitotemporal sulcus hippocampal sulcus

parietal lobe parietal gyrius

post central gyrus paracentral lobule (indent) superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule supramarginal gyrus angular gyrus precuneus

parietal sulcus postcentral sulcus intraparietal sulcus pars marginalis sulcus

occipital lobe occipital gyrus

cuneus calcarine

occipital sulcus parietal-occipital s. transverse occipital s. calcarine s. lunate s.

limbic system cingulate gyrus cingulate sulcus Fornix

Crus Body

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Taenia fornicis Columns Commissure

amygdala mamillary bodies indusium griseum Lamina terminalis Septum pellucidum

Lamina septi pellucidi Cavum septi pellucidi Precommissural septum

hippocampus subiculum parahippocampal gyrus alveus fimbria dentate gyrus

Diencephalon Epithalamus

Habenula Habenular sulcus Habenular trigone Habenular commissure Epithalmic commissure Pineal gland

Epithalamic Section Habenular nucleus Habenulo-interpeduncular tract Habenular commissure Pretectal area Pretectal nuclei Epithalamic commissure Pineal gland Subcommissural organ

Dorsal Thalamus Interthalamic adhesion Anterior thalamic tubercule Stria medullaris thalami Pulvinar

Metathalamus Medial geniculate body Lateral geniculate body

Ventral Thalamus Hypothalamus

Preoptic area Optic chiasm

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Optic tract Lateral radiation Medial radiation

Mamillary body Tuber cinereum Infundibulum Neurohypophysis Hypothalamic tracts and fasciculi [we need to eliminate conjoined

categories—no “and”] Periventricular fibers Supraoptic commissure Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Mamillotegmental fasciculus Mamillothalamic fasciculus

Fornix Stria terminalis Medial prosencephalic fasciculus (old term: medial forebrain bundle) Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

Supraoptic fibers Paraventricular fibers

Supraopticohypophyseal tract Paraventriculohypophyseal tract Hypothalamic section

Dorsal hypothalamic region Entopeduncluar nucleus Nucleus of the ansa lenticularis Anterior hypothalamic region Preoptic nucleus (medial and lateral) Supraoptic nucleus Paraventricular nucleus Anterior hypothalamic nucleus

Intermediate hypothalamic region Tuberales nucleus Lateral hypothalamic area Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus Dorsal hypothalamic nucleus Posterior periventricular nucleus Infundibular nucleus (arcuatus)

Posterior hypothalamic region Mamillary nuclei, medial and lateral Posterior hypothalamic nucleus

3rd Ventricle Hypothalamic sulcus Interventricular foramen Optic recess

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Infundibular recess Pineal recess Suprapineal recess Tela choroidea of? 3rd ventricle Taenia thalami Choroid plexus of? 3rd ventricle Subforniceal organ

Sections Thalamus and Metathalamus Reticular nucleus (thalamus) Anterior nucleus

Anterodorsal nucleus Anteroventral nucleus Anteromedial nucleus

Median nucleus Paraventricular nuclei (anterior and posterior) Rhomboid nucleus Reuniens nucleus

Medial nucleus Medial dorsal nucleus

Intralaminar nucleus Centromedian nucleus Paracentral nucleus Parafasicular nucleus Central lateral nucleus Central medial nucleus

Ventrolateral nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus Lateral dorsal nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus Ventral lateral nucleus Ventral medial nucleus Ventral posterior nucleus

Ventral posterolateralal nucleus Ventral posteromedial nucleus

Posterior nucleus Pulvinar nucleus Lateral geniculate nucleus

Dorsal and ventral parts Medial geniculate nucleus

Dorsal & ventral parts Subthalamic nucleus Zona incerta

Nuclear area H, H1, H2 Thalamic tract and fasciculus (thalamic)

Lateral lemniscus Medial lemniscus

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Spinal lemniscus Trigeminal lemniscus Brachium inferior colliculus Acoustic radiation Brachium superior colliculus Optic radiation Anterior thalamic radiations Central thalamic radiations Posterior thalamic radiations Dentatothalamic tract Thalamic fasciculus Subthalamic fasciculus Mamillothalamic fasciculus Inferior thalamic peduncle Ansa and fasciculus lenticularis [are these referred to together?] Ansa and fasciculus peduncularis Intrathalamic fibers Periventricular fibers

Brainstem (Truncus Encephali) Rhombencephalon

Medulla Oblongata (Bulbus, Myelencephalon) Ventral median fissure (anterior) Pyramid Decussation of the pyramid Ventrolateral sulcus (anterolateral) Lateral funiculus Olive Ventral (anterior) external arcuate fibers Retro-olivary sulcus Retro-olivary area Dorsolateral sulcus (posterolateral) Inferior cerebellar peduncle Trigeminal tuberculum Fasciculus cuneatus Tuberculum cuneatus Fasciculus gracilis Tuberculum gracilis Dorsal median sulcus (posteromedian)

Sections Medulla Oblongata Pyramidal fasciculus

Corticospinal fibers Corticonuclear fibers

Decussation of the pyramids Fasciculus gracilis Nucleus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus

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Nucleus cuneatus Accessory nucleus cuneatus Internal arcuate fibers Decussation of the medial lemniscus Medial lemniscus Tectospinal tract Medial longitudinal fasciculus Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Reticular formation Inferior olivary nucleus

Amiculum Hilus of the inferior olivary nucleus

Medial accessory olivary nucleus Dorsal accessory olivary nucleus (posterior) Hypoglossal nucleus Dorsal paramedian nucleus Dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve Intercalatus nucleus Tractus solitarius Nucleus solitarius Nucleus parasolitarius Vestibular nucleus

Inferior, medial, lateral Cochlear nuclei Nucleus commissuralis Nucleus ambiguus Inferior salivary nucleus Arcuate nucleus Ventral external arcuate fibers Dorsal external arcuate fibers Median raphe of the medulla oblongata

Nuclei raphae Pons (Metencephalon) Bulbopontine sulcus Basilar sulcus Middle cerebellar peduncle Pontocerebellar trigone Sections Basis Pontis Longitudinal pontine fibers

Corticospinal fibers Corticonuclear fibers Corticoreticular fibers Corticopontine fibers

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Transverse pontine fibers Pontocerebellar fibers

Pontine nuclei Tegmentum Pontis Pontine raphe Medial longitudinal fasciculus Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus Medial lemniscus Tectospinal tract Reticular formation Spinal lemniscus Spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Pontine nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Trigeminal lemniscus (trigeminothalamic tract) Mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Nucleus of the abducens nerve Nucleus of the facial nerve Genu of the facial nerve Superior salivary nucleus Lacrimal nucleus Superior olivary nucleus

Olivocochlear tract Vestibular nuclei

Medial, lateral, superior Cochlear nuclei

See medulla oblongata Trapezoid body Ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body Dorsal nucleus of the trapezoid body Lateral lemniscus Nuclei of the lateral lemniscus

Midbrain (Mesencephalon) Cerebral peduncle

Crus cerebri (pars ventralis, anterior part) Pars dorsalis (posterior part)

Lemniscal trigone Superior cerebellar peduncle

Interpeduncular fossa Posterior perforated substance

Tectum Tectal lamina Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi

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Brachium of the superior colliculus Brachium of the inferior colliculus

Aqueduct Midbrain Section Basis cerebral peduncles

Corticospinal fibers Corticonuclear fibers Corticopontine fibers Parietotemporopontine fibers Frontopontine fibers

Substantia nigra Pars compacta Pars reticularis

Tegmentum Periaquaductal gray matter Reticular formation Corticoreticular fibers Medial longitudinal fasiculus Dorsal longitudinal fasiculus Mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve Nucleus of the mesencephalic tract of the trigeminal nerve Accessory oculomotor nucleus (autonomicus) Trochlear nucleus Interpeduncular nucleus Interstitial nucleus Tegmental nuclei Red nucleus

Pars magnocellularis Pars parvocellularis

Central tegmental tract Decussationes tegmenti Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle Dentatorubral fibers Rubrospinal tract Tectobulbar tract Tectospinal tract Lateral lemniscus Medial lemniscus Spinal lemniscus Trigeminal lemniscus

Tectum Tecti lamina Nucleus of the inferior colliculus Brachium of the inferior colliculus Commissure of the inferior colliculus Strata (gray and white) superior colliculus

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Nucleus of the superior colliculus Brachium of the superior colliculus Commissure of the superior colliculus Decussation of the trochlear nerve

Fourth Ventricle Rhomboid fossa Lateral recess of the 4thventricle Median sulcus Median eminence Facial colliculus Sulcus limitans Vestibular area Superior fovea (rostral) Locus coeruleus Inferior fovea (caudal) Striae medullaris (4th ventricle) Hypoglossal trigone Funiculus separans Vagal trigone Tegmen of the 4th ventricle

Superior medullary velum Frenulum of the sup. med. velum Inferior medullary velum

Tela choroidea of the 4th ventricle Choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle Taenia of the 4th ventricle

Obex Median aperture of 4th ventricle (s) foramen Magendie Lateral aperture of 4th ventricle (s) foramen Luschka

cervicomedullary junction [where does this go?] Cerebellum Cerebellar folia Cerebellar fissure

Precentral fissure Preculminate fissure Intraculminate fissure Primary fissure Superior posterior fissure Horizontal fissure Prebiventer fissure Intrabiventer fissure Secondary fissure Ansoparamedian fissure

Vallecula Body of the cerebellum

Vermis

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Hemispheres Rostral (anterior) cerebellar lobe

Lingula (s) lobules I, II Central lobule (s) centralis (s) lobule III Culmen (s) lobules IV, V Ala lobuli centralis (s) lobule III (s) centralis Quadrangular lobule (s) lobule V (s) culmen (s) lobulus simplex

Caudal (posterior) cerebellar lobe Declive (s) lobulus simplex (s) lobule VI Folium (s) folium of vermis (s) lobule VIIAf Tuber (s) lobule VIIAt Caudal aspect of tuber valvulae (vermis) (s) lobule VIIB Pyramis (s) lobules VIIIA, VIIIB Uvula (s) Lobule IX Simplex lobule (s) Lobule VI Superior semilunar lobule (s) Crus I Inferior semilunar lobule (s) Crus II Gracilis lobule (s) Lobule VIIB (s) lobulus paramedianus Biventral lobule (s) biventer (s) lobules VIIIA, VIIIB Cerebellar tonsil

Dorsolateral fissure Flocculonodular lobe

Nodulus Flocculus

Floccular peduncle Paraflocculus

Archaeocerebellum Palaeocerebellum Neocerebellum Cerebellar Sections Arbor vitae Corpus medullare

Laminae albae Cerebellar cortex

Molecular layer Piriform layer Granular layer

Cerebellar nucleus Dentate nucleus Emboliform nucleus Fasigial nucleus Globose nucleus

Cerebellar peduncles Inferior (restiform body) Middle (brachium pontus) Superior (brachium conjuctivum)

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cerebellar nucleus dentate n. globous n. emboliform n. fastigial n.

Alternate numerical cerebellar lobule classification (Schmahmann 1999 classification suited for MRI correlation), adapted from Larsell (1936-1972) classification, from which synonyms are listed below: what do we want to do here? Include both?Vermis:

1) Lobules I, II (s) lingula2) Lobule III (s) centralis3) Lobules IV, V (s) culmen4) Lobule VI (s) declive5) Lobule VIAf (s) folium6) Lobule VIIAt (s) tuber7) Lobule VIIB (s) caudal aspect of tuber valvulae8) Lobule VIIIA, VIIIB (s) pyramis9) Lobule IX (s) uvula10) Lobule X (s) nodulus

Hemispheres:Anterior Lobe:

1) Lobules I, II (s) lingula2) Lobule III (s) centralis3) Lobules IV, V (s) culmen

Posterior Lobe:4) Lobule VI (s) lobulus simplex5) Crus I (s) lobuli ansiformis6) Crus II (s) lobuli ansiformis7) Lobulus VIIB (s) lobulus paramedianus8) Lobulus VIIIA (s) lobulus biventer (s) pars

copularis9) Lobulus VIIIB (s) lobulus biventer (s) pars

paraflocculus dorsalis10) Lobulus IX (s) paraflocculus ventralis11) Lobulus X (s) flocculus

Deep nucleus Basal nucleus

Corpus striatum Caudate nucleus (head, body, tail) Lentiform nucleus

Putamen Lateral medullary lamina Lateral nucleus of the Globus pallidus Internal medullary lamina Medial nucleus of the globus pallidus

Claustrum

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1000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012

Amygdaloid body Anterior amygdaloid area Pars basolateralis Pars corticomedialis (olfactoria)

Extreme capsule External capsule nucleus accumbens subthalamic nucleus substantia nigra [historical terms to build into comments]

striatum corpus striatum lenticular nuclei

Basal forebrain, substantia innominata Nucleus basalis of Meynert cerebral white matter

commissural anterior commissure

Pars anterior Pars posterior

posterior commissure Corpus Callosum

Splenium Body Genu Rostrum Callosal radiations

Forceps minor (frontal) Forceps major (occipital)

Tapetum Indusium griseum

Medial longitudinal striae Lateral longitudinal striae

Gyrus fasciolaris habenular commissure hippocampal commissure

short association fibers subcortical white matter

U fibers long association fibers

superior longitudinal fasciculus inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus inferior longitudinal fasciculus arcuate fasciculus cingulum uncinate fasciculus

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vertical occipital fasciculus orbitofrontal fasciculus

Internal capsule Anterior limb of the internal capsule

Anterior thalamic radiations Frontopontine tract

Genu of the internal capsule Corticonuclear tract

Posterior limb of the internal capsule Pars thalamolentiformis

Corticospinal fibers Corticorubral fibers Corticoreticular fibers Corticothalamic fibers Thalamoparietal fibers Central thalamic radiations

Pars sublentiformis Optic radiations Acoustic radiations Corticotectal fibers Temporopontine fibers

Pars retrolentiformis Posterior thalamic radiations Parieto-occipitopontine fasciculus

external capsule corona radiata centrum semiovale

forceps major forceps minor

long white matter tracts fronto parietal anterior corticospinal tract (s) anterior pyramidal

tract lateral corticospinal tract (s) lateral pyramidal tract vestibulospinal tract anterior spinothalamic tract anterior spinocerebellar tract posterior spinocerebellar tract spinotectal tract tectospinal tract lateral spinothalamic tract reticulospinal tract rubrospinal tract dorsolateral tract (s) Lissauers tract others?

cerebellar white matter

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functional cortex Brodmann areas

Frontal lobe Brocas area (s) left inferior frontal gyrus (s) Brodmann

Areas 44, 45 (s) pars triangularis, pars opercularis [there was a blank line here;’ is something missing?] motor cortex

Rolandic cortex (s) (s) Brodmann Areas 1-5, 43 Primary motor cortex (s) precentral gyrus

(s) Brodmann Area 4 Primary somatosensory cortex (s)

postcentral gyrus (s) Brodmann Areas 1, 2, 3, (5, 43) prefrontal cortex (s) Brodmann Areas 9,10, 46 premotor cortex (s) Brodmann Area 6

supplementary motor area (s) Brodmann Area 6 frontal eye fields (s) Brodmann Area 8 (some consider 6

also) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (s) middle frontal gyrus (s)

Brodmann Areas 6, 8, 9, 10, 46 inferior frontal gyrus

pars opercularis (s) Brodmann Area 44 pars triangularis (s) Brodmann Area 45 pars orbitalis (s) Brodmann Area 47

orbitofrontal cortex (s) Brodmann Areas 11,12Temporal lobe

anterior temporal cortex (s) Brodmann Area 38 inferior temporal cortex (s) Brodmann Area 20 superior temporal gyrus (s) Brodmann Areas 22

(posterior), 41, 42 (anterior) Wernickes area (s) left superior temporal gyrus (s)

Brodmann Area 22 Primary Auditory area (s) A1 (s) Brodmann Area

41 (s) Heschls gyrus Auditory Association area (s) A2 (s) Brodmann

Area 42 middle temporal gyrus (s) Brodmann Area 21 mesial temporal cortex (s) hippocampus, amygdala (s)

Brodmann Areas 27, 28, 34-37 fusiform gyrus (s) Brodmann Areas 19, 37 Olfactory cortex (s) Brodmann Areas 34, 36

Parietal lobe Inferior parietal lobule

Angular gyrus (s) Brodmann Area 39 Supramarginal gyrus (s) inferior parietal

cortex (s) Brodmann Area 40 Superior parietal lobule (s) Brodmann Areas 7, 5

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Precuneus (s) Brodmann Area 7 Intraparietal sulcus (s) Brodmann Areas 7, 39, 40

Occipital lobe Calcarine sulcus (s) primary visual cortex (s) V1

(s) striate cortex (s) Brodmann Area 17 Extrastriate cortex (s) visual association area

(s)V2-V5 (s) Brodmann Areas 18, 19 Transverse occipital sulcus (s) Brodmann Areas 39,

19 Parieto-occipital fissure (s) Brodmann Area 18 Anterior occipital sulcus (s) Brodmann Areas 37,

19 Middle occipital gyrus (s) Brodmann Area 19

Cingulate cortex Anterior cingulate (s) Brodmann Areas 24, 32 Posterior cingulate gyrus (s) retrosplenial cingulate

(s) Brodmann Areas 23, 26, 29-30 Insula (s) Brodmann Area 13

Arteries of head Common carotid artery

internal carotid artery petrous portion

vidian artery (artery of pterygoid canal) caroticotympanic artery

cavernous portion presellar segment juxtasellar segment

meningohypophyseal trunk tentorial artery dorsal meningeal artery inferior hypophyseal artery

artery of the inferior cavernous sinus (inferolateral trunk)

artery of foramen rotundum capsular artery

supraclinoid portion superior hypophyseal artery ophthalmic artery posterior communicating artery anterior choroidal artery anterior cerebral artery

anterior communicating artery A1 segment A2 segment

recurrent artery of Heubner

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medial lenticulostriate group

orbito frontal artery frontopolar artery pericallosal artery

paracentral artery superior internal parietal

artery inferior internal parietal

artery posterior pericallosal

anastomosis callosal marginal artery

anterior internal frontal artery

middle internal frontal artery posterior internal frontal

artery middle cerebral artery

M1 segment lenticulostriate a.

lateral group M2 segment

anterior temporal artery orbitofrontal artery operculofrontal artery central sulcus artery posterior parietal artery angular artery posterior temporal artery

external carotid artery lingual artery superior thyroid artery facial artery superficial temporal artery occipital artery posterior auricular artery internal maxillary artery

mandibular portion pterygoid portion pterygopalatine portion

middle meningeal artery deep auricular artery anterior tympanic artery accessory meningeal artery inferior alveolar artery

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artery of foramen rotundum pterygoid artery (vidian

artery) masseter artery deep temporal artery sphenopalatine artery infraorbital artery greater palatine artery posterior superior alveolar

artery sphenopalatine artery

ascending pharyngeal artery carotid-basilar anastomosis

persistent trigeminal artery otic artery hypoglossal artery Proatlantic intersegmental artery

Dangerous anastamoses Vertebral artery

V1 segment V2 segment V3 segment V4 segment posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

anterior medullary segment lateral medullary segment posterior medullary segment supratonsillar segment retrotonsillar segment inferior vermian artery tonsillohemispheric artery

posterior meningeal artery anterior spinal artery posterior spinal artery basilar artery

pontine perforators anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) superior cerebellar artery posterior communicating artery posterior cerebral artery

P1 segment P2 segment (ambient)

thalamoperforating artery anterior group posterior group

thalamogeniculate artery

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medial posterior choroidal artery lateral posterior choroidal artery anterior temporal artery posterior temporal artery

P3 segment parieto-occipital artery calcarine artery splenial artery

veins of head external jugular vein internal jugular vein paravertebral plexus vertebral vein

venous sinus Superficial

scalp and emissary veins diploic vein facial vein

deep facial vein pterygoid plexus common facial vein

anterior facial vein posterior facial vein (syn retromandibular

vein) dural sinuses

superior sagittal sinus torcula herophili inferior sagittal sinus straight sinus occipital sinus transverse sinus sigmoid sinus inferior petrosal sinus superior petrosal sinus sphenoparietal sinus persistent occipital sinus cavernous sinus

superficial cerebral veins superficial middle cerebral vein vein of Trolard vein of Labbe

deep venous system thalamostriate vein septal vein internal cerebral vein basal vein of Rosenthal

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vein of Galen / great cerebral vein precentral cerebellar vein superior vermian vein superior choroidal vein superior thalamic vein posterior mesencephalic vein lateral mesencephalic vein anterior pontomesencephalic vein transverse pontine vein anterior medullary vein inferior vermian vein

SPINE Location and space

Prevertebral space Intracanalicular space

Extradural space Intradural space Subarachnoid space

column anterior column middle column posterior column

vertebral body (C3 L5) vertebral body

pedicle transverse process pars interarticularis (syn isthmus) facet articulation / (s) zygoapophyseal joint

superior articular process inferior articular process cartilage

intervertebral disc (C2 S1) annulus fibrosis

Sharpeys fibers nucleus pulposis

vertebral end plate (C2 S1) ossification center(C1 L5)

C1 Body (synonym=anterior arch) Neural arches

Variant: ossification of the lateral edge of the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane behind the superior vertebral notch in the C1 segment forms the ponticulus posticus, a bridge that closes the notch and forms a foramen. May be unilateral or bilateral. [I’m not clear where this goes; BC]

C2 Body

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Odontoid process (synonym=dens) Summit ossification center, odontoid

(synonym=ossiculum terminale) Neural arches

C3-L5 Primary Ossification Center Body Neural arch

Secondary Ossification Center Tip of spinous process Tip of transverse process Superior epiphyseal ring (synonym=superior ring

apophysis) Inferior epiphyseal ring (synonym=inferior ring apophysis)

Synchondrosis: C1-S1 C1 synchondrosis

Neurocentral synchondrosis Dorsal synchondrosis

C2 synchondrosis Dentocentral synchondrosis, subdental

synchondrosis Neurocentral synchondrosis

C3-L5 Synchondrosis between sides of spinous process Neurocentral synchondrosis Synchondrosis for anterior portion of transverse

process Epiphyseal ring

posterior vertebral elements/ (s) neural arch lamina (C2-L5) spinous process (C2-L5)

spinal canal (C1 S1) central canal lateral recess / (s) subarticular recess)

neuralforamina (C1 S5) unique bony elements

cervical spine body of atlas

lateral mass of C1 / lateral mass of atlas

posterior arch of atlas anterior arch of atlas transverse foramen of atlas

body of axis dens/ odontoid process of axis (p)

dens axis (s)

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cervical neural arch lateral mass (C1-C7)

foramen transversarium (C1-C7) anterior tubercle posterior tubercle

thoracic spine costovertebral joint (T1 T12)

lumbar spine ligament of spine

tectorial membrane alar ligament transverse ligament accessory atlanto-axial ligament cruciform ligament

upper band lower band

ligamentum flavum longitudinal ligament

anterior long ligament posterior long ligament interspinous ligament supraspinous ligament

denticulate ligament spine arterial system

intercostal artery radicular artery

radiculomedullary artery Adamkiewicz

anterior division posterior division

spine venous system epidural venous plexus intradural vein intercostal vein coronal venous plexus epidural venous plexus

neural element spinal root (C1 S5) ventral root dorsal root dorsal root ganglia Spinal Arachnoid Mater

Subarachnoid space Cerebral spinal fluid

Spinal Pia Mater Dentate ligaments

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Cervical intermediate septae Internal filum terminale

Spinal CordCervical enlargementLumbosacral enlargementConus medullarisFilum terminaleTerminal ventricle (s) Ventriculus terminaleAnterior median fissureDorsal median sulcus

Dorsal median septaeVentrolateral sulcusDorsolateral sulcusDorsal intermediate sulcusSpinal gray column

Ventral gray column, anterior gray columnLateral gray columnDorsal gray column, posterior gray column

Spinal segmentCervical (1-8)Thoracic (1-12)Lumbar (1-5)Sacral (1-5)Coccygeal (1-3)

Spinal cord sectionCentral canal of spinal cordGray matter of spinal cordWhite matter of spinal cordSubstantia gelatinosa of spinal cord, central section of

spinal cordSpinal Gray Matter Ventral column (anterior)

Ventral horn (anterior) Ventrolateral nucleus Ventromedial nucleus Dorsolateral nucleus Retrodorsolateral nucleus Dorsomedial nucleus Central nucleus Nucleus accessory nerve Nucleus phrenic nerve

Dorsal Column (posterior) Dorsal horn (posterior)

Apex of the dorsal horn Caput of the dorsal horn Cervix of the dorsal horn

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Basis of the dorsal horn Substantia gelatinosa Substantia visceralis secundaria

Lateral Column Lateral horn Substantia intermedia centralis

Thoracic column (nucleus thoracicus) Substantia intermedia lateralis

Intermediolateral column (autonomic) Sacral parasympathic nuclei

Reticular formation Spinal White Matter

Ventral white commissure (anterior) Ventral White Column

Ventral fasciculi propii (anterior) Fasciculus sulcomarginalis Ventral Corticospinal tract (anterior) Vestibulospinal tract Reticulospinal tract Ventral spinothalamic tract (anterior)

Lateral White Column Lateral fasciculus proprii Lateral corticospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Bulboreticulospinal tract Pontoreticulospinal tract Tectospinal tract Olivospinal tract Spinotectal tract Lateral spinothalamic tract Ventral spinocerebellar tract (anterior) Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior) Dorsolateral tract Spino-olivary tract Spinoreticular tract

Dorsal Column (posterior) Dorsal fasciculus proprii (posterior)

Septomarginal fasciculus Interfascicular fasciculus (semilunar

fasciculus) Fasciculus gracilis Fasciculus cuneatus

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