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NEURONS5/9/19
PAGE 154
DO NOW‣ What is the difference between your central
nervous system and your peripheral nervous system?
‣ What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
NEURONS AND BRAINCORNELL NOTES (PAGE 155)
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NEURON‣ Specialized cell in the Nervous System
‣ Sends electrochemical signals
NEURON DIAGRAM‣ (neuron, electrochemical signal, neurotransmitter, synapse)
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Neuron
Which of the following is the Axon?
Which of the following is the Dendrite?
ELECTROCHEMICAL SIGNALS‣ The signals that neurons send are BOTH
electric and chemical!
Check of understanding: What is inconsistent about this diagram?
1 2 3
NEUROTRANSMITTERS‣ Brain chemicals that transmit signals from
one neuron to the next across the synapse
SYNAPSE‣ Junction between 2 neurons
What happens between neurons?
3 TYPES OF NEURONS‣ Sensory neuron
‣ Interneuron
‣ Motor neuron
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SENSORY NEURON‣ Receives stimulus from the environment
‣ Sends signal to the Central Nervous System
‣ 5 senses
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INTERNEURON‣ Sends a signal from one neuron to another
(middle man)
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MOTOR NEURON‣ Sends a signal from the Central Nervous
system to the muscles
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Which of the following illustrates the interneuron?
1
2
3
Which of the following illustrates the motor neuron?
1
2
3
Which of the following illustrates the motor neuron?
1
2
3
REFLEX‣ Involuntary, instantaneous movement in
response to a stimulus
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Reflex Arc• In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass
directly into the brain, but synapse into the spinal cord. • Reflex occurs without the delay of routing signals through
the brain• The brain will receive sensory input while the reflex action
occurs.
BRAIN
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CEREBRUM‣ Largest, most highly developed part of the
brain
‣ Controls thinking, perceiving, and understanding language
‣ Corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres
RIGHT HEMISPHERE • Controls left side of the body
• Artistic expression; understanding of spacial relationships
LEFT HEMISPHERE• Controls right side of the body
• Mathematical ability, problem solving, language, decision making
BRAIN REGIONS
FRONTAL LOBE• Movement of body
• Personality
• Concentration, planning, problem solving
• Meaning of words
• Emotional reactions
• Speech, smell
NOTES
PHINEAS GAGE
PARIETAL LOBE• Pain, touch and pressure
• Taste
• Body awareness
NOTES
OCCIPITAL LOBE• Sight
NOTES
TEMPORAL LOBE• Receive and process sound
• Face recognition
• Emotion
• Long term memory
NOTES
CEREBELLUM• Latin for little brain
• Fine motor (muscle) control
• Balance and coordination
NOTES
LIMBIC SYSTEM• Located inside the brain
• Controls emotions like happiness, sadness, and love
NOTES
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BRAINSTEM‣ Connects brain and spinal cord
‣ Maintains control of heart and lungs
TASKS‣ Fill out the rest of the worksheets
