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7/28/2019 Neuropath Lectures 1
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NEUROPATHOLOGY
1. Neuronal Reactions
2. Infections
3. Vascular disease
4. Hydrocephalus
5. Intracranial Pressure6. Degenerative diseases
7. CNS tumors
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Neuron reactions to injury
Chromatolysis (cut / damage to axon)
Red Neurons (due to hypoxia / 12 hours)
Atrophy & Degeneration neurons Necrosis (liquafaction & Gliosis)
Intraneuronal deposits
(Levy, Cowdry and Negri bodies)
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Infections
Bacterial Meningitis
MeningoEncephalitis (Bacterial)
Encephalitis (viral) Poliomyelitis (viral)
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Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial cause
Lymphocytes infiltrate/neutrophils
Fever, stiffness and unconscious
Meningo encephalitis --- when
Invasion into vascular and cortical neurons
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Encephalitis
Neuronophagia
Neuronolysis
Perivascular Cuffing
Cowdry bodies(oligodendroglia)
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Poliomyelitis
Via faeco-oral
Receptor virus on Motor neurons cells
(AHC and other motor neurons cortex)
Microscopic features:
Neuronophagia Neuronolysis
Perivascular cuffing
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Strokes / Vascular Disease
HS
Haemorrhagic stroke
due to
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Leakage of bloodvessel
NHS
Non Haemorrhagic
Stroke
due to
Occlusion of blood
vessel Thrombus / Emboli
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Hydrocephalus
Normal CFS flow
Causes of Hydrocephalus
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CSF - flow
From blood (Blood vessel of choroid plexus)
(Located at Lateral ventricles I + II and IV)
The flow is follows :
Lateral ventricles (I+II) -> for. Monroi ->
3rd Ventricle -> Aquaduct Sylvii 4th Ventricle ->
for Magendi and for Luscka->transvers sinus -> sigmoidsinus ->jugular vein ->
superior cava vein atrium (heart / blood)
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Causes of Hydrocephalus
Over production of CSF
Obstruction of CSF flow
Decrease of absorption of CSF
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Types of Hydrocephalus
Communicans Hydrocephalus
Non Comminicans Hydrocephalus
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Increase of Intracranial Pressure
Brain haemorrhage (HS)
Infarct / Brain oedema & NHS
Trauma / Injury ( Blunt injury ) Tumor / Neoplasm
Hydrocephalus
Cause -> Herniation (Locus Minoris res)
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Degenerative Diseases
Parkinson Disease
Alzheimers Disease
Further details please see: WWW-
Medlib.med.utah.edu/Webpath/Tutorial/CNS/CNSDG.
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Parkinson Disease
Clinic :
Rigidity , spasm and mask face
Dopaminergic neurons
Loss of pigmented cells (midbrain)
Levy bodies
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Alzheimers Disease(AD)
Loss of memory
Early onset of Dementia (30s,40s)
Microscopic :
Neuronal loss of Cerebral cortex
Neurites plaques (amyloid core)
Neurofibrilary tangles
Granular vauole degeneration
Hirano bodies
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Neoplasms in CNS
Astrocytoma / Glioblastoma multiforme
Oligodendroglioma
Ependymoma Acustic Neuroma
Medulloblastoma
Meningioma
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