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i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 20121
Extension of the Liège Intra Nuclear Cascade model to light ion-induced
collisions for medical and space applications
D. Mancusi1, 2, P. Kaitaniemi1, 3, A. Boudard1, J. Cugnon2, J.C. David1, and S. Leray1
1 CEA/Saclay, IRFU/SPhN, France, 2 Liège University, Belgium,
3 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland
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yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012 2
Neutron sources for material science, condensed matter physics (SNS, JPARC, ESS)
MYRRHA
Accelerator-driven sub-critical reactors for nuclear waste transmutation (MYRRHA Belgium)
Production of radioactive beams for funda-mental nuclear physics studies (ISOLDE CERN, FRIB, EURISOL)
Therapy with protons or heavy ions beams
Radiation protection, damage to electronic circuits in space or near accelerators
Applications of spallation reactions
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 20123
Ionization function of a 200 MeV u-1 carbon ion beam in water (K. Gunzer-Marx et al., New Journal of
Physics 10 (2008) 075003)
Tracks reconstructed in emulsion From
T. Toshito et al., 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
Carbon fragmentation (~50% of the C ions) spreading of the dose outside the tumor volume
Fragmentation in hadrontherapy
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Effects of galactic cosmic rays in spacecrafts space
Differential flux of galactic cosmic rays J. Miller, Gravitational and Space Biology Bulletin 16(2) June 2003
Relative contribution of different ions to flux, dose, and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic radiationDurante & Cucinotta, Nature Rev. Cancer (2008)
Assessment of radiation risk for manned space flights, estimates of single event upset (SEU) rates for spacecraft memory devices
1,E-07
1,E-06
1,E-05
1,E-04
1,E-03
1,E-02
1,E-01
1,E+00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Atomic number (Z)
Rel
ativ
e co
ntrib
utio
n
Flux Dose Dose equivalent
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Experiments at GSI
FIRST experiment: Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy (INFN - IRFU/SPhN – GSI - ESA collaboration)
See C. Agodi’s talk
C+C, C+Au @ 400 AMeV measured in 2011 further experiments foreseen in 2013: other energies,
Fe+Si, Fe+C
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
p (1 GeV)
N
N N
NN
DD p
TransmissionReflection
Potential
b
Target preparation• Wood-Saxon density• Fermi momentum
Entering particles• Coulomb deviation
Propagation (t dependence)• Straight lines, constant velocity• Energy, isospin dependent potential
Interactions (NN, Δ, p)• Minimum distance of approach• Pauli principle
Escaping particles• Quantum transmission• Coalescence in phase space clusters (d, t, …Be)α
End of the cascade (A, Z, E*, J) starting state
for de-excitation (ABLA)
Ingredients of the INCL4 model
V0 (- 45 MeV)
Ef
p in
(38 MeV)h h
h
E=0
(A. Boudard et al., PRC66 (2002) 044615, NPA 740 (2004) 195)
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
the Intra-Nuclear Cascade model INCL4.6 coupled to ABLA07
Validation of INCL4 against experimental data
Reaction Cross-section Neutron production LCP productionp(1200 MeV) + Ta
pion production
Residue mass distribution
Isotopic Cross-section
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Residue global analysis: Division of the distributions in mass/charge regions: evaporation residues, deep spallation, fission and intermediate mass fragments
8
Quality PointsGood 2
Moderately good, minor problems 1Moderately bad, particular problems -1
Unacceptably bad, systematically wrong -2
Mass and charge distributions
IAEA benchmark of spallation models
Neutron double differential cross-sections global analysis: Division of the spectra in 4 energy regions: evaporation, pre-equilibrium, pure cascade and quasi-elastic
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
MCNPX :INCL4.2 - ABLA INCL4.6 - ABLA07 in MCNPX2.7b
(private version) GEANT4 :
INCL4.2 + LI extension - ABLA (C++ transcription) (removed)
INCL++ (=INCL4.6 + LI extension fully rewritten) coupled to ABLA and G4-deexcitation
PHITS (coll. JAEA, RIST, KEK)
INCL4.6 coupled with the GEM de-excitation model MARS (coll. Fermilab)
INCL4.2 + HE extension – ABLA07
Implementation into high-energy transport codes
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Coulomb deviation Exact reaction Q values (masses from tables) Fusion at low energies
• Frozen projectile Fermi motion until one nucleon interacts
• Absorption for projectile nucleons entering below Ef and with
Extension of INCL4 to LCP induced reactions
Smooth transition from complete to incomplete fusion
direct (peripheral) reactions
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012 11
(4He,xn) excitation functions
Accurate Nuclear Data for nuclear Energy Sustainability
Extension of INCL4 to LCP induced reactions
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Two production channels: secondary reactions induced by heliums for heavy isotopes Bi (p,π-) for light isotopes
Production of At isotopes in ISOLDE experiment
Calculations with INCL4.6-ABLA07 in MCNPX2.7.b Data from Y. Tall et al., ND2007
p (1.4 GeV) on a thick PbBi target
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
(in the “a” c.m.)
!! Not symmetric treatment !!
b
a
A
Spectators(+ transparents)
)()(qr
Extension to light-ion induced reactions
up to 18O
Projectile spectator: = geometrical spectators +
non-interacting nucleons Excitation energy: hole
configuration De-excitation by Fermi-
Breakup
Target remnant: “normal” INC De-excitation by evaporation or Fermi-Breakup depending on mass
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 201214
12C + 12C GEANT4 calculations135 MeV/u 290 MeV/u
Light-ion induced reactions: neutron production
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 201215
12C + 12C GEANT4 calculations135 MeV/u 290 MeV/u
Light-ion induced reactions: neutron production
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 201216
12C + 12C GEANT4 calculations135 MeV/u 290 MeV/u
Light-ion induced reactions: neutron production
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Fe+C 3000 MeV/u Fe+C 500 MeV/u
Charge changing cross-sections
Cl+C 1000 MeV/u
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
Fe+C 3000 MeV/uFe+C 500 MeV/u
Charge changing cross-sections
Cl+C 1000 MeV/u
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 201219
12C (95 A MeV) on 5 mm PMMACharge distributions
Data from B. Braunn et al., NIMB 269, 2676-2684 (2011)
Thick target calculation with GEANT4
7° 10° 20°
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 201220
12C (200 MeV/u) stopped in 12.78 cm of waterParticle DDXS
Data: K Gunzert-Marx et al., New Journal of Physics 10 (2008) 075003Renormalization needed for d and 4He
Thick target calculation with GEANT4
p d α
i r f u
yalcas
i r f u
yalcas - Sylvie Leray – NN2012 – San Antonio, May 2012
The Intra-Nuclear Cascade model INCL4, which (coupled to ABLA) has proven to be one of the best spallation model for applications, has been extended to light-ion induced reactions and implemented into GEANT4 very promising results despite crude approximations agreement with data similar to QMD, but ~5 times faster
Future work Extension to 10 GeV : multipion channels (done), strangeness
production, antiproton…. (foreseen in the future) Symmetric treatment with interacting potentials
Goal: unified code including HE and LI extensions
Conclusion