NEW 4K MAN COVERS - Daytronic · 2013-04-09 · applicable to the instrument model in question While a given 4000 instrument's "standard configuration" is adequate for many applications,

SYSTEMINSTRUCTION MANUAL

4000INSTRUMENT SERIES

SB.9

4000 Instrument Series

Copyright © 1996, Daytronic Corporation. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reprinted, reproduced, or used in any form or byany electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording,or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing fromDaytronic Corporation. All specifications are subject to change without notice.

---------- PLEASE NOTE ----------

A significant new feature has been added to all 4000 Series models except the Mod-els 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP. This is the ability to protect the current instrumentconfiguration from both interrogation and modification. By specifying a unique"password" via the SECURITY CODE (SCD) command, you will disable the 4000instrument's standard responses to almost all MNEMONIC COMMANDS issued byan external command source (keyboard, computer, or terminal).*

Subsequent application of a RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES (RPC) commandlets you change—but not interrogate—the instrument configuration after entering theexisting security code. Full READ/WRITE security can be re-established after alldesired setup changes have been made.

---------- WARNING ! ----------Once a given security code has been loaded, the only way to regain full access tothe configuration is to REBOOT the system. Rebooting, however, will always re-ini-tialize the unit to a default configuration. The existing configuration will be lost.**

See Appendix C for a full discussion of these commands and procedures.

* The exceptions are listed in Section 2 of Appendix C. Commands applied by means ofexisting internal EXECUTE (EXU) and/or EXECUTE BUTTON (EXB) functions will not beaffected by the presence of the security code.

** For this reason, it is strongly recommended that you always copy and save the configura-tion you wish to protect, using the "Upload Node Configuration" routine in the StartPAC100 Software, before applying the SECURITY CODE (SCD) command.

4000INSTRUMENT SERIES

SYSTEMINSTRUCTION MANUAL

4000 System Instruction Manual, v. SB.9Pub. No. 4000SYSM.9, Issued 10/96

Part No. 91471

Daytronic Corporation

Dayton, OH

www.daytronic.com

1 INTRODUCTION

a. Using This Manual ........................................................................................................ 1.1

b. Entry of Mnemonic Commands1. Ways of Entering Commands .................................................................................... 1.22. Types of Commands ..................................................................................................... 1.3

c. Command Entry via Keyboard1. Keyboard Connection and Initialization .................................................................. 1.62. Setting Keyboard LCD “Logo”: LGO ....................................................................... 1.63. Keyboard Command Entry ......................................................................................... 1.7

d. Command Entry via Computer Interface ................................................... 1.7

2 GENERAL SETUP PROCEDURES

a. Enabling and Disabling Front-Panel “Setup” Mode: EDT ................ 2.1

b. Setting Command Terminator: CMT .............................................................. 2.1

c. Setting Alternative Line and/or Transmission Terminator1. Setting Output (“End-of-Line”) Terminator: OPT ................................................ 2.22. Setting End-of-Transmission Terminator Different from

End-of-Line Terminator: EOT .................................................................................... 2.3

3 CHANNEL SETUP AND USE

a. Types of Data Channels1. Real Channels ................................................................................................................. 3.12. Pseudochannels ............................................................................................................ 3.23. Analog Output Channel ............................................................................................... 3.2

b. Setting Channel Scan Range: TER .................................................................. 3.3

c. Typing and Locating a Data Channel: TYP & LCT ................................. 3.4

d. Calibration of Real Channels1. Calibration of Linear Inputs: EMM & BEE ........................................................... 3.52. Linearization of Nonlinear Inputs: LNS, ZRO, & FRC .................................... 3.6

a. Linearization via Mnemonic Command ........................................................... 3.6b. Linearization via Front.Panel Buttons ............................................................... 3.8

e. Setting Per-Channel Digital Filter: FIL ........................................................... 3.9

f. Setup of Calculate Pseudochannels: CLC1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3.102. Setup and Use of Algebraic Calculations ........................................................... 3.113. Setup and Use of “MAX” and “MIN” Channels ................................................. 3.124. Cancelling a Calculate Pseudochannel: TYP ................................................... 3.15

g. Loading of Download Pseudochannels: “CHN=”1. Loading One or More Download Pseudochannels with

a Fixed Data Value ....................................................................................................... 3.152. Loading One or More Download Pseudochannels with

the Reading of Another Channel ........................................................................... 3.163. Loading a Range of Download Pseudochannels with

a Range of Data-Channel Readings ..................................................................... 3.17

h. Event Counting Via Download Pseudochannel: INC & DEC ..... 3.17

i. Setting Up and Cancelling anAnalog Output Channel: ANO & TYP ........................................................... 3.18

iv

CONTENTS

4 DISPLAY SETUP

a. Adjusting LCD Viewing Angle .............................................................................. 4.1

b. Legend and Indicator Annunciation: ANN ................................................. 4.1

c. Dedication of Digital Display1. Selecting the Channel to Be Displayed: DIS ....................................................... 4.22. “Stepping” the Digital Display: SDI ......................................................................... 4.2

d. Scaling the Digital Display: EMM ..................................................................... 4.3

e. Dedication of Bargraph Display: BAR ........................................................... 4.4

f. Scaling the Bargraph Display: HEP & LEP1. Setting Fixed Endpoint Values .................................................................................. 4.4 2. Setting Variable Endpoint Values ............................................................................. 4.5

g. Defining Dual-Limit Displays: LOL, HIL, LLL, & HHL1. Setting Fixed Limit Values ........................................................................................... 4.6 2. Setting Variable Limit Values ..................................................................................... 4.83. Some Uses of Variable Limit Values

a. Display of Limit Value .............................................................................................. 4.8 b. Comparison of Two Data Channels .................................................................. 4.8

h. Defining Bar End Point: BEP ................................................................................. 4.91. Setting BEP Equal to LEP ........................................................................................... 4.92. Setting BEP Equal to the Reading of Another Channel ................................... 4.93. Setting BEP Equal to the Reading of the “DIS” Channel ............................. 4.12

i. “Flashing” the LCD Display: FLA ..................................................................... 4.12

5 SETUP OF LOGIC AND BUTTON FUNCTIONS

a. Setup of Logic Bits and I/O Ports: SRC & LIO1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5.1 2. “Limit Logic” Bit Control: RLS Command ............................................................ 5.23. “Logic Input” Bit Control .............................................................................................. 5.34. “External” Bit Control .................................................................................................... 5.4

a. Setting and Reading a Single Bit or a Range of Bits: BIT ......................... 5.4 b. Setting Either or Both “Bit Groups”

1. Setting to Binary Configuration: BIN .......................................................... 5.42. Setting to Binary Coded Decimal Configuration: BCD ....................... 5.53. Setting to Hexadecimal Configuration: HEX ........................................... 5.5

b. Disabling and Re-Enabling the Reading of Bits: NOB & BTS ....... 5.6

c. Setting “Limit Logic”: BHE, BHH, LGT, LBT, LLT, BLL & BLE ............ 5.6

d. Automatic Command Execution: EXU ......................................................... 5.8

e. Programming Front-Panel Buttons: EXB ................................................. 5.10

6 SETUP OF DATA TRANSMISSIONS

a. Establishing Communications Interface1. Introduction: Communication Modes ..................................................................... 6.12. Setting Interface Protocol: BAU, DBS, SBS, & PAR .................................... 6.1

b. Formatting of Standard Data Transmissions ......................................... 6.31. Channel-Number “Echo”: ECO & NCH ............................................................... 6.3

(cont’d)

v

CONTENTS

2. Limit-Zone Indication: LIM & NOL .......................................................................... 6.33. Characters Per Channel: CPC ................................................................................. 6.44. Columnar Format: CLM ............................................................................................. 6.4

c. Setting Intertransmission Delay: DLY ........................................................... 6.5

7 STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

a. Managing Standard RS-232-C Data Transmissions1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7.1 2. Channel Interrogation: CHN ..................................................................................... 7.33. “Dumping” Data”: DMP .............................................................................................. 7.34. Transmitting a “Snapshot” of Data: SNP .............................................................. 7.45. “Streaming” Data: STR & ESC ............................................................................... 7.46. Transmitting “Hard Copy” Output: HCY ............................................................... 7.57. “Limit-Zone” Interrogation: LZN ............................................................................... 7.5

b. Managing Standard RS-485 (Network) Data Transmissions ...... 7.6

c. “Sending” from the Computer Interface: SND ....................................... 7.7

d. “Locking” and “Unlocking” Data: LOK & UNL .......................................... 7.8

e. Applying Tare Offset: TAR ...................................................................................... 7.8

8 DIRECTORY OF 4000 SERIES COMMANDS .................................... 8.1

Appendix A GENERAL 4000 SERIESSPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................... A.1

Appendix B BASIC 4000 CHANNEL“TYPE” CODES ......................................................................... B.1

Appendix C PROTECTING THE CONFIGURATION

1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... C.1

2. Loading the Security Code: SCD ..................................................................... C.1

3. Re-Enabling Program Changes: RPC ........................................................... C.2

4. Rebooting the System: REBOOT ...................................................................... C.3

5. Reading Model and Revision Level: VER .................................................... C.3

vi

CONTENTS

Illustrations

1 Typical Initial Configuration of DATA CHANNELS ................................................... 3.32 Typical Linearization Curve with Seven Segments ................................................ 3.73 Capture and Hold of Successively Higher-Valued Maxima ............................. 3.134 Capture and Hold of Successively Lower-Valued Maxima

Using “Reset” of “MAX” Channel ............................................................................... 3.135 Capture and Hold of Successively Lower-Valued Minima ............................... 3.146 Capture and Hold of Successively Higher-Valued Minima

Using “Reset” of “MIN” Channel ................................................................................. 3.147 Front-Panel “Annunciators” ............................................................................................ 4.18 Data Bargraph and Dual-Limit Displays ..................................................................... 4.69 Per-Channel Limit Zones ................................................................................................. 4.7

10 “LIVE Minus MIN” Bargraph Display ........................................................................ 4.1011 “MAX Minus LIVE” Bargraph Display ....................................................................... 4.1012 “MAX Minus MIN” Bargraph Display ........................................................................ 4.1113 “Needle Indicator” Bargraph Display ....................................................................... 4.1114 “Zero-Center” Bargraph Display ................................................................................ 4.1115 “LOL-Referenced” Bargraph Display ....................................................................... 4.1216 Logic Bits and Ports .......................................................................................................... 5.217 Limit-Logic Mnemonics ................................................................................................... 5.718 4000 Physical Dimensions ............................................................................................. A.1

Tables

1 Hexadecimal Coding of ASCII CONTROL CHARACTERS ................................... 2.22 Summary of DATA TRANSMISSION Commands

(RS-232-C Communications ONLY) ............................................................................. 7.13 Summary of DATA TRANSMISSION Commands

(RS-485 Communications ONLY) ................................................................................. 7.6

vii

CONTENTS

viii

1.a USING THIS MANUAL

Along with this 4000 Series System Instruction Manual, each 4000 instrument isshipped with a model-specific Instrument Instruction Manual.

The Instrument Instruction Manual is sufficient to allow the operator to set up anduse the 4000 instrument according to its preloaded "standard configuration."Most of the procedures given in the Instrument Instruction Manual can be per-formed solely by means of the six front-panel push buttons and the eight rear-panel logic I/O, and do not require the entry of commands through an optionalExtended Keyboard or through the instrument's Computer Interface.

You should consult the Instrument Instruction Manual for

• complete instrument SPECIFICATIONS

• a description of the instrument's PHYSICAL LAYOUT and standard configura-tion

• PANEL-MOUNTING the instrument

• using the FRONT-PANEL BUTTONS for instrument setup and run-time opera-tion under the "standard configuration"

• TRANSDUCER CABLING

• POWER CONNECTIONS (both AC and DC, where applicable)

• setting specific input characteristics such as range, sensitivity, analog filter,excitation, etc., if applicable

• calibration of the instrument/transducer system via one or more appropriatetechniques

• setting up the DATA DISPLAY via front-panel buttons

• defining LIMIT ZONES via front-panel buttons

• the establishment of proper connections for the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT, for the LOGIC I/O, and for the ANALOG OUTPUT

• instructions for CHANGING THE BATTERY

• the discussion of SPECIAL PROCEDURES, FUNCTIONS, and OPERATIONSapplicable to the instrument model in question

While a given 4000 instrument's "standard configuration" is adequate for manyapplications, the instrument can be rapidly and easily reprogrammed in the field,to provide a variety of unique application solutions.

The purpose of the present manual is to explain how such programming can beeffected through a set of simple English MNEMONIC COMMANDS. We will con-sider how such commands can be used both to set up (or "configure") the instru-ment initially and to perform routine "run-time" operations such as limitmonitoring, data transmission, automatic command execution, etc.

---------- REMEMBER ----------

FOR ROUTINE INSTRUMENT OPERATION UNDER THE PRELOADED "STANDARDCONFIGURATION," YOU ONLY NEED TO READ THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRU-MENT INSTRUCTION MANUAL. THE PRESENT MANUAL IS INTENDED FORUSERS WHO WISH TO CONFIGURE THE INSTRUMENT FOR THEMSELVES AND

1.1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.a USING THIS MANUAL

TO INCORPORATE FUNCTIONS AND OPERATIONS THAT ARE NOT INCLUDED INTHE "STANDARD CONFIGURATION."

Unless otherwise noted, the features and procedures discussed in this manualare common to all 4000 Series instruments. For general 4000 Series Physical,Electrical, and Environmental specifications— including Logic I/O—see AppendixA of this manual.

1.b ENTRY OF MNEMONIC COMMANDS

1.b.1 WAYS OF ENTERING COMMANDS

a. through the FRONT-PANEL PUSH BUTTONS. Section 5.e of this manualtells you how you can program any of the first five buttons to execute a specif-ic string of standard mnemonic commands when turned "ON" and anotherstring of commands (if desired) when turned "OFF." Before an instrument isshipped, its buttons are normally programmed to perform certain functionscalled for by the "standard configuration" for that model. They can also beused to enter and/or review certain instrument SETUP values (as explained inthe Instrument Instruction Manual).

b. through an optional Model 10P80D EXTENDED KEYBOARD that plugsdirectly into the rear of the instrument (see Section 1.c). Since the keyboardhas its own LCD display, it can be used not only to enter mnemonic com-mands directly, but also to observe the instrument's responses to interroga-tions that have been entered through the keyboard.

c. through the instrument's COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT (see Section 1.d).Transmitted in a standard ASCII syntax, commands can originate from anapplication program in the host computer, or can be "manually" communicat-ed through a connected terminal. For example, you can use the "Dumb Ter-minal" routine of the StartPAC 100 Software for "manual" entry of individualcommands through the Computer Interface Port.* Supplied with each 4000instrument, this IBM-compatible software offers a number of other valuableutilities, including network monitoring, data display and logging, "cloning" andrestoration of instrument configuration, etc. For details on the installation andoperation of StartPAC 100, see the StartPAC 100 Instruction Manual.

If the 4000 instrument is not part of a larger instrument network, it will commu-nicate with a connected host computer or terminal through a conventionalRS-232-C interface. If, however, the instrument is equipped with the "NOption," it can represent one of up to 32 independent data-collection "nodes"of a high-speed multidrop network. Network interchanges will take place oversimple twisted-pair RS-485 linkage, as explained in the RS-485 Network Oper-ations Instruction Manual that comes with the "N Option."

THE SAME 9-PIN INTERFACE PORT IS USED FOR EITHER RS-232-C ("SINGLE-NODE") OR RS-485 ("MULTINODE NETWORK") COMMUNICATIONS. When itsinterface is set to RS-485 mode, an individual 4000 instrument will receive andrespond to computer-issued commands only when it is the currently "open"network node.

1.2

1 INTRODUCTION


* Note too that you can use any of a number of commercially available terminal emulation pro-grams to issue commands directly to a 4000 unit through its Computer Interface.

d. Commands can also be applied automatically, in response to predefinedinternal logic events, through bit-triggered "EXECUTE" functions described inSection 5.d of this manual.

1.b.2 TYPES OF COMMANDS

---------- PLEASE NOTE ----------

The responses given by a 4000 instrument to certain mnemonic commands willdiffer, depending on whether the instrument is set to RS-232 or RS-485 communi-cations. The primary difference is that when the "N Option" is present and theinterface port is set to RS-485 operation by assigning the instrument a NONZERONODE NUMBER, every mnemonic command—"valid" or "invalid"—will elicit someresponse from the instrument. In RS-485 mode (ONLY), all valid SETUP andIMPERATIVE commands will produce a response of "ACKNOWLEDGED" (ACK),while any and all "invalid" commands will produce "NOT ACKNOWLEDGED"(NAK). Also, the 4000 instrument's command set includes two additional net-work-related commands when the instrument is in RS-485 mode (ONLY): OPEN(OPN) and NODE (NOD). See the RS-485 Network Operations Instruction Manu-al for full details.

NOTE: IN THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND THROUGHOUT THE REST OF THISMANUAL (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED), WE WILL ASSUME THAT YOUR 4000INSTRUMENT'S INTERFACE PORT IS SET TO RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") MODE BYVIRTUE OF A NODE-NUMBER ASSIGNMENT OF "0." THIS IS THE NORMAL COM-MUNICATIONS MODE WHEN THE INSTRUMENT IS CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO ACOMPUTER, TERMINAL, BUFFERED PRINTER, OR OTHER RS-232 DEVICE.

In very general terms, every 4000 instrument recognizes four main types of com-mands:

a. A SETUP (or "WRITE") COMMAND instructs the 4000 instrument to give aparticular value to a particular setup parameter. It will have the general form

[MNEMONIC] = [value] [CMT]

—or, if the mnemonic requires a specific numeric argument "n" (Channel Num-ber, Bit Number, Annunciator Number, Execute Number, etc.),

[MNEMONIC] n = [value] [CMT]

Here, [CMT] is the single-character COMMAND TERMINATOR which theinstrument has been set to recognize. Unless otherwise specified, everyinstrument is preset at the factory to recognize the "standard" CMT of [0D] (=CARRIAGE RETURN). See Section 2.b, below, for resetting the CMT character.

Examples of setup commands are HHL 5 = 3000 [CMT], EXU 13 = DMP:SDI[CMT], SRC 10 = LIM, NON [CMT], and FLA = 1000 [CMT].

Setup commands can have arguments that represent a CONTINUOUSRANGE of channels, bits, annunciators, executes, etc. For example, a com-mand applying the same setup value to each channel within the continuousrange from No. "x1" to and including No. "x2" (where x2 > x1) would have a gen-eral form of

[MNEMONIC] x1 TO x2 = [value] [CMT]

All setup values are immediately and automatically stored in nonvolatile (bat-tery-backed) memory as they are entered, thereby ensuring that these values

1.3

INTRODUCTION 1


will not be lost on interruption of power. There is no need to perform a sepa-rate "SAVE" operation.

b. An INTERROGATION (or "READ") COMMAND asks the 4000 instrument forthe current value of a particular setup parameter. It will have the generalform

[MNEMONIC] [CMT]

—or, if the mnemonic requires a specific numeric argument "n" (Channel Num-ber, Bit Number, Annunciator Number, Execute Number, etc.),

[MNEMONIC] n [CMT]

Examples of interrogation commands are HHL 5 [CMT], EXU 13 [CMT], SRC 10 [CMT], and FLA [CMT].

Like setup commands, interrogation commands can have RANGE forms.*For example, a command requesting the value of a given parameter for eachchannel within the continuous range from No. "x1" to and including No. "x2"would have a general form of

[MNEMONIC] x1 TO x2 [CMT]

Upon receipt through the Computer Interface Port of a "valid" interrogationcommand referring to a single channel, bit, etc.—or to the general system con-figuration itself—the instrument will issue from its Computer Interface Port aresponse of

[value] [EOT]

where [EOT] is the END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR to which the 4000instrument has been set. Unless otherwise specified, every instrument is pre-set at the factory to issue the "standard" EOT of [0D] (= CARRIAGE RETURN).See Section 2.c, below, for resetting the EOT character string.

For example, a command of HHL 13 [CMT] entered through the ComputerInterface Port will transmit from that port the current "HIGH HIGH" limit value ofChannel 13, followed by the current EOT.

If an interrogation command is entered through the plug-in keyboard, theresponse will appear in the keyboard's LCD display, but will NOT be issuedfrom the Computer Interface Port, unless the command is one of the special"Transmission-Initiating Commands" discussed in Sections 7.a and 7.b.

If the interrogation is received via the Computer Interface Port and refers to aRANGE of channels, bits, etc., then the response will be a series of answersissued from that port, one for each channel, bit, etc., in the specified range,individually terminated by the current OUTPUT TERMINATOR ([OPT]), exceptfor the last value in the series, which is terminated by [EOT]:

[value1] [OPT] [value2] [OPT] … [valuen] [EOT]

Unless otherwise specified, every instrument is preset at the factory to issuethe "standard" OPT of [0D] (= CARRIAGE RETURN). See Section 2.c, below, forresetting the OPT character string.

1.4

1 INTRODUCTION


* Note, however, that when the interface is set to RS-485 ("Multinode") mode, IT WILL NOTRECOGNIZE A "RANGE" INTERROGATION AS SUCH, BUT WILL RETURN ONLY THE FIRSTANSWER OF THE REQUESTED RANGE.

NOTE: If an interrogation of the RANGE form is entered via the plug-in key-board, only the first value of the requested series will be displayed in the key-board's LCD. See below, however, for the keyboard's ability to step forwardor backward through sequential interrogations.

ALSO NOTE: If you ask for a nonexistent setup value—that is, for a value thathas not yet been specified by an appropriate "WRITE" COMMAND and thathas no "preset" or natural "default" state—you will get an answer of N/A.

c. An IMPERATIVE COMMAND does not impart or request information, butrather tells the instrument to do something (e.g., increment a pseudochan-nel's value by "1," "lock" a data channel, disable the reading of logic bits, etc.).The general form is like that of an interrogation command:

[MNEMONIC] [CMT] or [MNEMONIC] n [CMT]

Like setup and interrogation commands, imperative commands can refer tocontinuous RANGES of channels, bits, etc. Examples of imperative com-mands are DEC 15 [CMT], LOK 5 TO 7 [CMT], and NOB [CMT].

d. COMMANDS THAT INITIATE THE TRANSMISSION OF DATA OR MES-SAGES are described in detail in Sections 7.a and 7.b. Regardless of howthey are entered, they cause the instrument to output measured and/or calcu-lated data values—or a specified ASCII "message"—from the Computer Inter-face Port.

NOTE: The LIMIT ZONE (LZN) command and the interrogation forms of theCHANNEL (CHN) and SET BIT (BIT) commands do not strictly belong to thisclass of commands. It is true that, when entered through the Computer Inter-face Port, they will cause specific data to be issued from that port. However, ifentered via the keyboard, they will only cause data to be displayed on the key-board's LCD (like a standard interrogation command).

Concerning the expression of MNEMONIC COMMANDS in this manual, note that

• All actual three-letter ASCII "mnemonics" are shown in CAPITAL LETTERS, andmust be entered literally as shown. Lower-case letters or letter groups areused to represent variable numeric values or code words, as explained in theaccompanying text. A dollar sign ($) will be used to represent an ASCII CHAR-ACTER STRING to be entered as part of a command.

• Spaces are shown in commands and responses, but only for the sake of clari-ty. They do not count as "command characters" and need not be included inany command entry. (An exception to this is an ASCII string "$" in an EXE-CUTE (EXU), EXECUTE BUTTON (EXB), or SEND (SND) command. If oneor more spaces are entered within the "$" expression, they will be counted asseparate characters.)

• ALL COMMANDS ARE SHOWN IN THE REST OF THIS MANUAL WITH THE"STANDARD" COMMAND TERMINATOR ("CMT") OF CARRIAGE RETURN([CR]). See Section 2.b, below, for setting the instrument to recognize a CMTdifferent from [CR] for commands entered through the Computer InterfacePort. ALL KEYBOARD-ENTERED COMMANDS MUST BE TERMINATED BYPRESSING THE Retrn KEY, REGARDLESS OF THE CMT CURRENTLY INEFFECT.

• For the sake of simplicity, commands for setting and reading the attributes ofdata channels are usually shown only in single-channel form. For example,

1.5

INTRODUCTION 1


the command to set the HIGH ENDPOINT for BARGRAPH DISPLAY of ChannelNo. x is given as

HEP x = h [CR]

where "h" is a numerical "high-limit" value. Remember, however, that if thesame HIGH ENDPOINT value is to be assigned to more than one channel, thecommand will take the standard "range" form of

HEP x TO y = h [CR]

where the continuous Channel-Number range "x TO y" replaces the singleChannel Number "x" in the command expression.

• Regardless of its means of entry, a command not conforming to standardsyntax will be ignored by the 4000 instrument (when the instrument is set forRS-232 communications). For a full list of 4000 Series MNEMONIC COM-MANDS, see Section 8.

---------- ALSO NOTE ----------

Application of a SECURITY CODE (SCD) command disables the 4000instrument's normal responses to most MNEMONIC COMMANDS issued byan external command source (keyboard, computer, or terminal). See Appen-dix C.

1.c COMMAND ENTRY VIA KEYBOARD

1.c.1 KEYBOARD CONNECTION AND INITIALIZATION

To connect an optional Model 10P80D Extended Keyboard to your 4000 instru-ment, simply plug the free terminal of the keyboard's connector cord into theKEYBOARD CONNECTOR on the rear of the unit. The terminal's LOCK LEVER willsnap into place as the terminal is fully engaged. To remove the keyboard at anytime, just press on the LOCK LEVER and pull out the terminal.

NOTE: IF YOU PLUG THE 10P80D KEYBOARD INTO A 4000 INSTRUMENTWHOSE POWER IS PRESENTLY ON, YOU MUST PRESS THE HOME KEY INORDER TO ESTABLISH PROPER COMMUNICATIONS.

1.c.2 SETTING KEYBOARD LCD “LOGO”: LGO

Whenever the keyboard LCD's top ("BILLBOARD") line is not called upon to dis-play valid keyboard-entered commands or responses to valid keyboard-enteredinterrogations, it will show the instrument model number and the word "STAN-DARD," unless some other alphanumeric caption was specified at the time oforder.

You can change this "LOGO" text at any time by entering a LOGO (LGO) com-mand of

LGO = $ [CR]

where "$" is a string of up to 15 characters, including spaces. To eliminate theLOGO display altogether, simply type in a string of SPACES for "$."

1.6

1 INTRODUCTION

1.c COMMAND ENTRY VIA KEYBOARD

1.c.3 KEYBOARD COMMAND ENTRY

As stated above, ALL KEYBOARD-ENTERED COMMANDS MUST BE TERMINAT-ED BY PRESSING THE Retrn KEY, REGARDLESS OF THE COMMAND TERMINA-TOR ("CMT") CURRENTLY IN EFFECT.

All characters typed on a properly connected and initialized keyboard will appear,as they are typed, on the top line of the keyboard's integral LCD display (the flash-ing cursor indicates where the next character will appear). This lets you revieweach command entry, and to revise it, if necessary, before putting it into effect bypressing Retrn.

While typing in a command, you may at any time delete the last-entered keystrokeby pressing the Back Space key.

If the keyboard-entered command is a valid "READ" COMMAND, the appropriateanswer will appear in the top line of the LCD display as soon as Retrn is pressed.This answer will remain on display until another key is pressed.

If a displayed command or answer is longer than 16 characters, you can use thekeyboard's right or left "ARROW" key to scroll the display line horizontally in therespective direction.

Also, you can use the Step key for fast sequential interrogations following an ini-tial keyboard-entered "READ" COMMAND of the form [MNEMONIC] n [CR],where "n" is the first argument of the desired series (Channel Number, Logic BitNumber, Execute Number, etc.). Thus, you need only press Step to read data forthe next argument in numerical sequence (i.e., for "n + 1"). By holding down theStep key, you can step rapidly forward through an entire sequence of interroga-tions.

Similarly, you can use the Back Space key to step backwards through a continu-ous sequence of interrogations following a command of [MNEMONIC] n [CR].

1.d COMMAND ENTRY VIA COMPUTER INTERFACE

Although you will probably wish to set up your 4000 instrument by enteringappropriate "WRITE" commands via the plug-in keyboard, it is also possible toissue any standard mnemonic command to the instrument through its COMPUT-ER INTERFACE PORT (see Section 1.b, above).

Remember: In order for any command issued to the Computer Interface Port tobe effective, it must be terminated by the single COMMAND TERMINATOR("CMT") the 4000 instrument has been set to recognize. Unless otherwise speci-fied, every instrument is preset at the factory to recognize the "standard" CMT of[0D] (= CARRIAGE RETURN). See Section 2.b, below, for resetting the CMT char-acter.

Section 6.a treats setup of interface protocols. For interface cable connections—either RS-232 ("single-node") or RS-485 ("multinode network")—see your individ-ual Instrument Instruction Manual or the RS-485 Network OperationsInstruction Manual, respectively).

1.7

INTRODUCTION 1


1.8

1 INTRODUCTION

---------- IMPORTANT ----------

If you are setting up your 4000 instrument through a BASIC program which down-loads a series of "WRITE" commands, you should arrange for a delay of at least500 milliseconds between successive command transmissions to the instrument.

In addition, you may wish to make use of the DELAY (DLY) command, explainedin Section 6.c, to avoid overrunning the computer input buffer when full hand-shake protocols are not implemented. This command lets you set a delay of upto 0.1 second between successive transmissions from the 4000 instrument'sComputer Interface Port.

Also, it is recommended that you include a default "timeout trap" in any programthat calls for the transmission of responses by the 4000 instrument. By thismeans, the computer will be automatically alerted whenever a recognizableresponse has not yet been received from the 4000 instrument after a given peri-od of time has elapsed following transmission of the original interrogation.


2.a ENABLING AND DISABLING FRONT-PANEL“SETUP” MODE: EDT

As mentioned in Section 1.a, you should refer to the Instrument Instruction Man-ual for instructions on configuring your 4000 instrument by means of the FRONT-PANEL PUSH BUTTONS.

The EDITOR (EDT) command provides local setup security. By means of EDT,you can prevent the instrument's present configuration from being subsequentlyaltered through the front-panel buttons.*

THUS, IT IS NECESSARY THAT A COMMAND OF

EDT = Y [CR]

BE IN EFFECT BEFORE ANY CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS CAN BE CHANGEDVIA ANY FRONT-PANEL SETUP PROCEDURE GIVEN IN THE INSTRUMENTINSTRUCTION MANUAL. THIS COMMAND NEED NOT BE IN EFFECT, HOWEVER,FOR THESE PARAMETERS TO BE REVIEWED BY THE OPERATOR ON THEINSTRUMENT'S OR KEYBOARD'S LCD DISPLAY.

The inverse EDT command may be entered (after initial setup of the instrument iscomplete) in order to disable the instrument's "SETUP" mode—i.e., to protect theexisting setup configuration from deliberate or inadvertent alteration via the frontpanel:

EDT = N [CR]

2.b SETTING COMMAND TERMINATOR: CMT

Every 4000 instrument is factory-set for a COMMAND TERMINATOR ("CMT") ofCARRIAGE RETURN ([CR]). All commands are shown in this manual with this(standard) termination.

You need concern yourself with the COMMAND TERMINATOR (CMT) com-mand only if the computer or other command source to which you are connect-ing your 4000 instrument normally terminates its transmissions with a characterother than [CR].

When such is the case, you will have to tell the 4000 instrument what character itis to recognize in lieu of [CR], as a valid termination for all commands receivedthrough the Computer Interface Port (keyboard-entered commands will alwaysbe terminated by [CR]). To do so, enter via the keyboard a command of

CMT = c [CR]

where "c" is any single ASCII CHARACTER represented as a hexadecimal word insquare brackets ([00] through [FF]). Two-character hexadecimal equivalents forstandard ASCII CONTROL CHARACTERS ([00] through [1F]) are given in the tableon the next page. Only one command-terminating character can be in effect atany given time. Note that ASCII [ESC] will never be recognized by the 4000instrument as a CMT.

For example, to specify a CMT of LINE FEED ([LF]), you would enter a keyboardcommand of

2.12.a ENABLING AND DISABLING “SETUP” MODE 2.b SETTING COMMAND TERMINATOR

GENERAL SETUP PROCEDURES 2

* For complete protection from both interrogation and modification of the current setup configu-ration, see Appendix C.

CMT = [0A] [CR]

NOTE: When a 4000 instrument equipped with the "N Option" is a "node" within amultinode network, the CMT must be the same for all network nodes.

2.c SETTING ALTERNATIVE LINE AND/ORTRANSMISSION TERMINATOR

2.c.1 SETTING OUTPUT (“END-OF-LINE”) TERMINATOR: OPT

Every 4000 instrument is preset at the factory to end every individual data recordtransmitted from its Computer Interface Port with a CARRIAGE RETURN ([0D]).If you require a different OUTPUT TERMINATOR ("OPT") in order to communicateeffectively with a specific computer, printer, or other receiving device, enter anOUTPUT TERMINATOR (OPT) command of

OPT = $ [CR]

The OPT string "$" may consist of one or two ASCII CHARACTERS, each repre-sented as a hexadecimal word in square brackets. If two characters are entered,both should be within the same pair of brackets, separated by a comma, as in theexample below. Two-character hexadecimal equivalents for standard ASCIICONTROL CHARACTERS ([00] through [1F]) are given in the table in Section 2.b,above. Only one OPT can be in effect at any given time.

2.2 2.c SETTING ALTERNATIVE LINE AND/OR TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR

2 GENERAL SETUP PROCEDURES

Table 1

Hexadecimal Coding of ASCII CONTROL CHARACTERS

ASCII ASCIIChar. Hex Char. Hex

NULL 00 DLE 10SOH 01 DC1 11STX 02 DC2 12ETX 03 DC3 13EOT 04 DC4 14ENQ 05 NAK 15ACK 06 SYNC 16BELL 07 ETB 17BS 08 CAN 18HT 09 EM 19LF 0A SUB 1AVT 0B ESC* 1BFF 0C FS 1CCR 0D GS 1DSO 0E RS 1ESI 0F US 1F

* MAY NOT BE USED FOR COMMAND TERMINATOR (CMT).

If, for example, you want to specify LINE FEED, FORM FEED ([LF][FF]) as your4000 instrument's OPT, you should enter a command of

OPT = [0A,0C] [CR]

The OPT command also sets the 4000 instrument's "END-OF-TRANSMISSION"TERMINATOR ("EOT") to be the same character string "$" as specified for the OPT(see the following section).

NOTE: When a 4000 instrument equipped with the "N Option" is a "node" within amultinode network, the OPT must be the same for all network nodes.

2.c.2 SETTING END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATORDIFFERENT FROM END-OF-LINE TERMINATOR: EOT

If no END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) command has been entered, the 4000instrument will terminate every complete transmission from its Computer Inter-face Port with the same character or characters specified by the last-enteredOUTPUT TERMINATOR (OPT) command—or with CARRIAGE RETURN ([0D]) ifno OPT command has been entered.

If, however, you want an "END-OF-TRANSMISSION" TERMINATOR ("EOT") differ-ent from the current OUTPUT ("END-OF-LINE") TERMINATOR, command

EOT = $ [CR]

The EOT string "$" may consist of up to four ASCII CHARACTERS, each represent-ed as a hexadecimal word in square brackets. If you specify more than one char-acter, all should be within the same pair of brackets, separated by a comma, as inthe example below. Two-character hexadecimal equivalents for standard ASCIICONTROL CHARACTERS ([00] through [1F]) are given in the table in Section 2.b,above. Only one EOT can be in effect at any given time.

If, for example, you want to specify CARRIAGE RETURN, LINE FEED, LINEFEED, FORM FEED ([CR][LF][LF][FF]) as your 4000 instrument's EOT, youshould enter a command of

EOT = [0D,0A,0A,0C] [CR]

Since a command of OPT = $ [CR] automatically loads a command of EOT = $[CR], an EOT command specifying a different "$" string from the current one- ortwo-character OPT must always follow the OPT command.

NOTE: When a 4000 instrument equipped with the "N Option" is a "node" within amultinode network, the EOT must be the same for all network nodes. Also, in anynetwork of more than one node, the last EOT character must be the same as theCOMMAND TERMINATOR (CMT).

2.32.c SETTING ALTERNATIVE LINE AND/OR TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR

GENERAL SETUP PROCEDURES 2

2.4 This page intentionally blank.

3.a TYPES OF DATA CHANNELS

Every 4000 instrument provides up to 99 channels for analog data that has beenlocally acquired, calculated, or downloaded. There are three kinds of DATACHANNELS:

3.a.1 REAL CHANNELS

"REAL" channels contain physical measurement data direct from the "real world."In order for such a channel to report the "live" value of the particular real-worldvariable to which it is assigned, it must be included in the 4000 instrument's cur-rent SCAN RANGE. Every "scanned" channel's data reading is automaticallyupdated in the instrument's DATA RAM with each successive scan cycle. You willbe told how to set the SCAN RANGE in Section 3.b, below.

The number of possible REAL CHANNELS varies with different 4000 Series mod-els, since it equals the total number of CONDITIONED SIGNALS the instrumentcan produce. A "conditioned signal" here refers not only to the basic "live mea-surement" signal for each ANALOG INPUT but also to any processed analog sig-nal directly derived from that input. In the case of the Model 4077, for example, a"+ PEAK" signal and a "–PEAK" signal are both derived from the instrument's sin-gle strain-gage input. A Model 4077 therefore has 3 REAL CHANNELS. For thechannel-numbering of a given 4000 instrument's conditioned signals under its"standard configuration," see the respective Instrument Instruction Manual.

IN ORDER FOR A GIVEN CONDITIONED SIGNAL TO BE AVAILABLE FOR DIS-PLAY, TRANSMISSION, CROSS-CHANNEL CALCULATIONS, ETC., A SPECIFICREAL CHANNEL MUST BE INDIVIDUALLY AND UNIQUELY "LOCATED" TO THATSIGNAL, AND MUST BE ASSIGNED A CHANNEL "TYPE" CODE OF "00."

Unless otherwise specified at the time of order, every 4000 unit will be set up atthe factory with every REAL CHANNEL "typed" to "00" and "located" to a corre-sponding CONDITIONED SIGNAL. In the case of the Model 4077, for example,the "standard configuration" calls for the first three channels to be of the "00" type.Channel No. 1 is located to the first conditioned signal ("live" analog input); Chan-nel No. 2 is located to the second conditioned signal (analog +PEAK); and Chan-nel No. 3 is located to the third conditioned signal (analog –PEAK).

Thus, every instrument will normally be shipped with a continuous range of REALCHANNELS beginning with "Channel No. 1." The REAL-CHANNEL number rangewill correspond in a one-to-one fashion with the number range of all availableCONDITIONED SIGNALS. In the typical channel sequence shown in Fig. 1, below,there are three REAL CHANNELS (Channel Nos. 1 through 3), corresponding tothe three CONDITIONED SIGNALS produced by the instrument. REMEMBER: TheREAL-CHANNEL sequence must begin with Channel No. 1 and must precede allPSEUDOCHANNELS in the channel-number sequence.

REMEMBER THAT THE NUMBER OF "CONDITIONED SIGNALS" FOR A GIVENINSTRUMENT NEED NOT EQUAL THE NUMBER OF ANALOG INPUTS THATINSTRUMENT CAN ACCEPT. THIS WILL BE THE CASE ONLY WHEN THEINSTRUMENT DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY "SPECIAL" ANALOG MEASUREMENTSIGNALS SUCH AS "+ PEAK" OR "– PEAK."

3.1

CHANNEL SETUP AND USE 3


Any given REAL CHANNEL can be subsequently "retyped" and/or "relocated" viathe TYPE (TYP) and/or LOCATE (LCT) command, if required for special applica-tions. See Section 3.c, below, for details.

3.a.2 PSEUDOCHANNELS

These channels contain internally calculated or downloaded data. They have noactual "I/O" location. Setup and use of CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS is dis-cussed in Section 3.f; use of DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS, in Sections 3.gand 3.h.

Unless otherwise specified at the time of order, any and all CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNELS that have been preloaded at the factory will immediately fol-low the (initial) range of REAL CHANNELS, as shown in Fig. 1. CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNELS can be subsequently rearranged within the total sequenceof scanned channels by reassigning their respective functions via the CALCU-LATE (CLC) command (Section 3.f).

Please note that

• ALL ACTIVE CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS MUST BE INCLUDED WITH-IN THE CURRENT SCAN RANGE.

• ALL "NON-REAL" CHANNELS WITHIN THE SCAN RANGE WHICH HAVE ATYPE CODE OF "00" ARE DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS, REGARDLESSOF THEIR CURRENT "LOCATION." AS SUCH, THEY CANNOT BE MONITOREDFOR LIMIT VIOLATIONS. TO MONITOR SUCH A CHANNEL, YOU WOULDHAVE TO "RETYPE" IT AS A "SELF-IDENTICAL" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHAN-NEL BY ENTERING A COMMAND OF

CLC x = 1(CHN x) + 0 [CR]

—SEE SECTION 3.f FOR THE ENTRY OF CLC COMMANDS.

• ALL CHANNELS OUTSIDE THE SCAN RANGE—REGARDLESS OF TYPE—AREDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS AND CANNOT BE MONITORED FORLIMIT VIOLATIONS.

3.a.3 ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL

Your 4000 instrument's single ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL may be assigned anyChannel Number within the current SCAN RANGE, by means of the ANALOGOUTPUT (ANO) command (see Section 3.i). This command will also designatethe particular "source" channel for the analog output, plus the SCALING FACTOR("m") and ZERO OFFSET ("b") values to be applied to the source channel to con-vert its engineering units to millivolts. There is no need to "locate" the analog out-put channel, since the instrument provides only one such output (see Appendix Afor complete analog output specifications).

If at some point you wish to reassign the analog output to a different 4000 chan-nel, you should first use the TYPE (TYP) command to cancel the current assign-ment, before reapplying the ANO command (see Section 3.i for details).

3.2



3.b SETTING CHANNEL SCAN RANGE: TER

The TERMINATOR (TER) command lets you specify the highest-numbered DATACHANNEL to be regularly scanned. To maximize overall scan speed, you willordinarily want to restrict the SCAN RANGE to those REAL CHANNELS and CAL-CULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS which are actually being used to report "live" mea-sured and calculated data, along with the ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL, ifpresent.

Unless otherwise specified at the time of order, every 4000 instrument is preset atthe factory to scan all REAL CHANNELS and all CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELScalled for by the "standard configuration."

A TERMINATOR (TER) command of

TER = x [CR]

defines the effective SCAN RANGE as all channels from Channel No. 1 to andincluding the specified "TERMINATOR" CHANNEL No. x. In Fig. 1, for example,the TERMINATOR is Channel No. 18. All channels above No. 18 are thereforeautomatically taken to be DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS. In this example, the4000 instrument scans—in addition to its four REAL CHANNELS—fourteen CAL-CULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS (Channel Nos. 5 through 18).

---------- NOTE ----------

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE TERMINATOR CHANNEL ALWAYS BEABOVE CHANNEL NO. 4.

3.3


3.b SETTING CHANNEL SCAN RANGE: TER

1

DATA-CHANNELSEQUENCE

TERMINATOR(CHN. NO. 18)

UNSCANNED

SCANNED

99

DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS

CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS

REAL (ANALOG INPUT) CHANNELS

Fig. 1 Typical Initial Configuration of DATA CHANNELS

3.c TYPING AND LOCATING ADATA CHANNEL: TYP & LCT

All REAL CHANNELS and CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS used in a 4000 instru-ment's "standard configuration" are assigned appropriate TYPE CODES at the fac-tory, prior to shipment. Stored in the Central Processor, each two-character typecode specifies certain "special treatment" factors with regard to the channel inquestion. As mentioned above, all REAL CHANNELS must be assigned a typecode of "00." A complete list of channel types may be found in Appendix B.

The only time you would normally use the TYPE (TYP) command to change achannel's type code is when you want to cancel an existing CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL or ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL assignment. See Section3.f.4 or 3.i, respectively, for the use of this command.

As already explained, every 4000 instrument is normally set up—unless otherwisespecified at the time of order—such that "REAL CHANNEL No. 1" is assigned tothe instrument's "CONDITIONED SIGNAL No. 1," "REAL CHANNEL No. 2" to "CON-DITIONED SIGNAL No. 2," etc. By means of the LCT command, however, it is pos-sible to modify this initial one-to-one channel assignment.

---------- NOTE ----------

UNLESS REQUIRED BY YOUR SPECIFIC APPLICATION, IT IS NOT RECOM-MENDED THAT YOU ALTER YOUR INSTRUMENT'S INITIAL "REAL-CHANNELLOCATION" ASSIGNMENTS.

The general form of the LOCATE (LCT) command is

LCT x = s [CR]

where "x" is the number of any REAL CHANNEL (ONLY) and "s" is the number ofthe CONDITIONED SIGNAL to which you want to assign this channel (if, for exam-ple, the instrument has three CONDITIONED SIGNALS, "s" can be no larger than"3").

Suppose, for example, that you have a Model 4077, and that your applicationrequires a higher analog rolloff frequency than the standard 20 Hz provided onthe 4077's REAL CHANNEL No. 1. "Relocating" this channel by a command ofeither

LCT 1 = 2 [CR] or LCT 1 = 3 [CR]

would increase the rolloff by a factor of 10. In this case, however, the standardCONDITIONED SIGNAL for Channel 2 (+PEAK) or Channel 3 (–PEAK)—whicheverChannel 1 has been "relocated" to—will no longer be available.

3.4


3.c TYPING AND LOCATING A DATA CHANNEL: TYP & LCT

3.d CALIBRATION OF REAL CHANNELS

NOTE: DETAILED CALIBRATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL 4000INSTRUMENT ARE GIVEN IN THE RESPECTIVE INSTRUMENT INSTRUCTIONMANUAL. THE PRESENT SECTION OFFERS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ONLY.

3.d.1 CALIBRATION OF LINEAR INPUTS: EMM & BEE

The method you choose to calibrate a given REAL CHANNEL will depend on sev-eral things, including

a. the type of SOURCE TRANSDUCER for that channel,

b. the precise characteristics of the transducer/cable/conditioner combination,

c. the extent of your knowledge of these characteristics,

d. the possibility and/or convenience of producing actual or simulated transduc-er inputs of accurately known value, and

e. the actual calibration provisions, including specific MNEMONIC COMMANDS,provided by your particular 4000 instrument (see the Instrument InstructionManual for details).

In general terms, you will calibrate a REAL CHANNEL with a relatively linear inputsignal by commanding the 4000 instrument's microprocessor to compute andstore two constant values:

• a SCALING FACTOR ("m")—also called "multiplier" or "gain" factor—and

• a ZERO OFFSET ("b").

Automatically and continuously applied to all subsequent readings of the givenchannel, these two calibration constants define the linear proportionalityexpressed by the equation "y = mx + b," where "y" is the measurement valuereported for the channel and "x" is the ratio of the actual voltage of the channel'sanalog input signal to the positive full-scale voltage of that input (based on theselected input range). As such, "x" is a unitless number operated upon by the("slope") coefficient "m" and the offset term "b" to yield a true analog measure-ment in the appropriate engineering units.

Again, the precise method or methods whereby the "m" and "b" values may beoriginally established for a given channel are explained in the respective Instru-ment Instruction Manual. Under certain circumstances, however, you may wish todirectly load a specific "m" and/or "b" value for a given channel, using the SCAL-ING FACTOR (EMM) and/or ZERO OFFSET (BEE) commands. IT SHOULD BEEMPHASIZED, THOUGH, THAT EMM AND BEE ARE NOT—AND SHOULD NOTBE—NORMALLY USED FOR DIRECT CHANNEL CALIBRATION.

Thus, to set to a value of "m" the SCALING FACTOR to be applied to Channel No.x,* command

EMM x = m [CR]

This command may be used to reset the precision (decimal-point location) ofChannel No. x, which depends on the precision of its "m" value, regardless of themethod used to calibrate the channel (see Section 4.d for rescaling a channel'sdisplayed value).

3.5



To set to a value of "b" the ZERO OFFSET to be applied to Channel No. x,* com-mand

BEE x = b [CR]

This command may be used to reset the precision of a CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL, which depends on the precision of its "b" value, if present(see Section 3.f, below).

In their "READ" forms, these commands also allow backup storage of a channel'scalibration data.* Stored calibration constants can be reloaded from backupmemory (disk, tape, etc.), via the above "WRITE" forms of the EMM and BEEcommands, in order to restore a previous channel configuration or to quicklychange to a new one, without having to recalibrate.

3.d.2 LINEARIZATION OF NONLINEARINPUTS: LNS, ZRO, & FRC

A REAL CHANNEL derived from a nonlinear transducer such as an RTD or Eddy-Current Proximity Sensor may require the use of one of your 4000 instrument'sinternal "look-up" tables (there is one table for each REAL CHANNEL). The pur-pose of such a table is to linearize the signal in question, to "bend" its characteris-tic curves to achieve at least approximately "straight-line" performance.

LINEARIZATION TABLES APPLY TO ALL OF YOUR 4000 INSTRUMENT'S REALCHANNELS (ONLY).

You will set up a linearization table for a given REAL CHANNEL by entering aZERO ("MINIMUM") POINT and up to 15 subsequent LINEARIZATION POINTS.These points will define up to 15 SEGMENTS of the ideal linear output for thatchannel (see Fig. 2, below). The more segments you specify, the greater theoverall linearity. In the following procedures, you will have to be able to continu-ously vary the magnitude of physical input, or "load," on the channel's sourcetransducer (whatever its type), and to measure the resulting output accurately inthe desired engineering units.

You can linearize a channel by means of the instrument's front-panel buttons(only) or by entering appropriate mnemonic commands. We will give the latterprocedure first.

3.d.2.a LINEARIZATION VIA MNEMONIC COMMANDS

1. Enter a LINEARIZATION SEGMENTS (LNS) command of

LNS x = n [CR]

where "x" is the number of the REAL CHANNEL you wish to linearize, and "n"is an integral number from 1 through 15, equal to the number of linearizationsegments you wish to create for this channel. This command has the effect ofinitializing Linearization Table No. x, canceling any previous linearizationpoints in that table, and thereby letting you enter a new set of points. (NOTE:When a command of LNS x = 1 [CR] is in effect for a given channel, its single

3.6



* Assuming, that is, that a LINEARIZATION SEGMENTS (LNS) command of

LNS x = 1 [CR]

is in effect (see Section 3.d.2, below, for the calibration of channels with nonlinear inputs).When the channel's LNS number is greater than 1, the EMM and BEE commands are notmeaningful for that channel.

linearization segment is governed by the "y = mx + b" equation discussed inSection 3.d.1. The constants of this equation may be modified by the EMMand BEE commands, respectively.)

2. Set the load for Channel No. x's transducer equal to the minimum value of itsrated operating range.

3. Enter a ZERO (ZRO) command of

ZRO x = z [CR]

where "z" is this minimum value, expressed in appropriate engineering units.Note that a subsequent command of ZRO x [CR] will not return the last-entered "z" value for Channel No. x.

4. Now set the load for Channel No. x's transducer equal to a known value withinthe rated operating range (you should first divide this range into approximate-ly equal segments*, the number of segments being the number "n" entered inthe LNS command, above). This first known value will be your first LIN-EARIZATION POINT ("f1"). To define the linear segment from "z" to "f1," enter aFORCE (FRC) command of

FRC x = f1 [CR]

The precision (i.e., the decimal-point location) of the measurements reportedby Channel No. x will always match the precision of the LINEARIZATIONPOINTS entered for that channel via successive FORCE (FRC) commands.IT IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT THAT ALL FRC ENTRIES BE EXPRESSED TOTHE SAME PRECISION. If, for example, you wish to measure to the nearesthundredth of an inch, you should enter all LINEARIZATION POINTS expressedto the nearest hundredth of an inch (e.g., "1.00"). The 4000 instrument's dis-play of this channel will then reflect this precision. Note, however, that when achannel's LNS number is greater than one, its display cannot be rescaled by

3.7



* The more nonlinear curve portions, however, may require shorter and more numerous lin-earization segments, as with segments (f5 to f6) and (f6 to f7) in Fig. 2. Note also that the final(or "highest") segment effectively extends in a straight line past the last defined endpoint all theway to the end of the present full-scale range.

f

f

f3

Physical Input

Dis

pla

yed

Ou

tpu

t

1

f2

f4

5

f6

f7

zSegment No. 1

Segment No. 2

Segment No. 3

Segment No. 4

Segment No. 5

Segment No. 6Segment No. 7

Fig. 2 Typical Linearization Curve with Seven Segments

LNS x = 7 [CR]ZRO x = z [CR]FRC x = f1 [CR]FRC x = f2 [CR]

.

.

.FRC x = f7 [CR]

means of the SCALING FACTOR (EMM) command, via the procedure givenin Section 4.d, since in this case both the SCALING FACTOR (EMM) andZERO OFFSET (BEE) commands no longer apply. Note too that a subse-quent command of FRC x [CR] will return a number used for internal scalingpurposes, and not the last "FORCE" entry for Channel x.

---------- IMPORTANT ----------

When entering a series of FRC commands via the plug-in keyboard, besure not to change the actual transducer input until you observe the last-entered "fn" value on the 4000 instrument's DIGITAL DISPLAY—and not juston the keyboard's two-line LCD display.

5. Adjust the load of Channel No. x's transducer to equal a second known value,your second LINEARIZATION POINT ("f2"), and command

FRC x = f2 [CR]

where "f2" is expressed to the same precision as the first point ("f1").

6. Continue to enter as many LINEARIZATION POINTS as you specified in theoriginal LNS command (Step 1, above). If the specified number of segmentsis "n," a FORCE (FRC) command entered after the command

FRC x = fn [CR]

will be ignored. The linearization table you have just set up will be automati-cally reloaded for Channel No. x on every subsequent powerup.

7. If at any time you wish to cancel the present linearization table for Channel No.x and to re-establish it with new LINEARIZATION POINTS, simply enter a newLINEARIZATION SEGMENTS (LNS) command and proceed again from Step1, above. Note too that if you later wish to change a particular linearizationsegment, you must repeat the entire table setup procedure, from Step 1,above. Again, until a channel's linearization table is reinitialized via an LNScommand, any FRC command entered with respect to that channel (whetherin "WRITE" or "READ" form) will be ignored.

3.d.2.b LINEARIZATION VIA FRONT-PANEL BUTTONS

1. Display the REAL CHANNEL to be linearized (see Section 4.c for displaying aselected channel). Let us call this "Channel No. x."

2. Following the procedure entitled "Using the Front-Panel Setup Buttons" in yourInstrument Instruction Manual, enter "SETUP" mode and step to Channel x's"LINEARIZATION SEGMENTS (LNS)" parameter (the initial LNS setting isnormally "1").

3. For the LNS value, enter an integral number from 1 through 15, equal to thenumber of linearization segments you wish to create for this channel. This isequivalent to entering an LNS command (see Step 1 of the previous proce-dure).

4. Press the STEP button to display Channel x's "F0" (ZERO POINT) parameter.

5. Set the load for Channel 1's transducer equal to the minimum value of itsrated operating range.

6. Using the "UP/DOWN ARROW" buttons, enter for "F0" the exact minimum

3.8



load value established in Step 5, expressed in appropriate engineering units.This is equivalent to entering the initial ZRO command (see Step 3 of the pre-vious procedure).

7. Press the STEP button again to display Channel 1's "F1" parameter (this isthe value of the endpoint of the first linearization segment).

8. Now set Channel No. x's transducer load equal to a known value within therated operating range (you should first divide this range into approximatelyequal segments, the number of segments being the number entered for LNSin Step 3, above).

9. To define the linear segment from "F0" to "F1," use the "ARROW" buttons toenter for "F1" the exact load value established in Step 8, expressed in thesame engineering units as before. This is equivalent to entering the first FRCcommand (see Step 4 of the previous procedure).

10. Step to the next LINEARIZATION POINT ("F2"), adjust the transducer load toequal a second known value, and enter this value as "F2," expressed to thesame precision (i.e., the decimal-point location) as the first point (F1).

As in the previous procedure, the precision of the measurements reported byChannel x will always match the precision of the LINEARIZATION POINTSentered for that channel. IT IS THEREFORE IMPORTANT THAT ALL "Fn"ENTRIES BE EXPRESSED TO THE SAME PRECISION.

11. Continue to enter as many LINEARIZATION POINTS as you specified in theoriginal LNS entry (Step 3, above). The linearization table you have set up willbe automatically reloaded for Channel x on every subsequent powerup.

12. Exit "SETUP" mode and save the table by pressing the SETUP button.

13. If at any time you wish to cancel the present linearization table for Channel xand to re-establish it with new LINEARIZATION POINTS, simply enter a newLNS value and proceed again from Step 4, above. Note too that if you laterwish to change a particular linearization segment, you must repeat the entiretable setup procedure.

3.e SETTING PER-CHANNEL DIGITAL FILTER: FIL

In addition to the normal-mode analog filtering applied to the REAL CHANNELS ofmost 4000 instruments, digital filtering is also provided, with smoothing constantsselectable on a per-channel basis via the FILTER (FIL) command. The effect ofthe digital filter is to remove small unwanted dynamic signal components, whileallowing large-scale fluctuations to pass unaffected.

Thus, to set the digital filter for REAL CHANNEL No. x, command

FIL x = f [CR]

where "f" is an integer from 0 through 10 (these "filter constants" signify increas-ing amounts of automatic digital filtering). Most active input channels are normal-ly factory-set for an initial filter constant of "4."

To set a REAL CHANNEL'S digital filter via the front-panel buttons (only), see theInstrument Instruction Manual.

3.9


3.e SETTING PER-CHANNEL DIGITAL FILTER: FIL

3.f SETUP OF CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS: CLC

3.f.1 INTRODUCTION

Your 4000 instrument lets you define a number of special PSEUDOCHANNELS whose values represent mathematical functions of one ormore other DATA CHANNELS ("REAL," "PSEUDO," or ANALOG OUTPUT). Thesefunctions include square root, absolute value, maximum (most positive value),and minimum (least positive value). The "algebraic" CLC's given in Section 3.f.2permit real-time computation of such process variables as Efficiency, Horsepow-er, Specific Fuel Consumption, Power Factor, Lift-Drag Ratio, Spring Modulus, andmany more. Section 3.f.3 treats setup and use of "MAXIMUM" and "MINIMUM"CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS.

NOTE: A CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL is automatically "retyped" as soon as itis defined by the entry of an appropriate CALCULATE (CLC) command. TheTYPE CODES corresponding to the various CLC expressions are given in Appen-dix B. If you apply a CLC command to a given channel, but fail to include thatchannel in the SCAN RANGE, the instrument will interpret it to be a DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL, regardless of its current type code. THEREFORE, TO CON-VERT A "CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL" TO A "DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHAN-NEL," YOU NEED ONLY MOVE IT OUT OF THE CURRENT SCAN RANGE. IFLATER RETURNED TO THE SCAN RANGE, THE CHANNEL WILL AUTOMATICAL-LY RESUME ITS PREVIOUSLY ASSIGNED CLC FUNCTION.

In the following CALCULATE (CLC) expressions, note that

• "x" is the number of the channel being established as a CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL; "y" and "z" are any Channel Numbers other than "x."

• "m" and "b" are constants, positive or negative, entered by the user. The CLCcommands given below show these values as positive. To enter a negative"m," simply enter a minus sign (–) before the value; to enter a negative "b,"replace the plus sign preceding the value by a minus sign.

Either or both of these two constants may be omitted, if desired, from anyCLC command statement. IF YOU OMIT THE "m" COEFFICIENT, A VALUE OFUNITY ("1") IS ASSUMED; IF YOU OMIT THE "b" TERM, AN OFFSET OF ZEROIS ASSUMED.

The precision with which a calculated value is displayed is determined by theprecision (i.e., the decimal-point location) of the "b" term, if it has beenentered. This is true even if the entered "b" value is zero. For example, byentering a "b" of "0" in any of the CLC equations below, you will cause the cal-culated value to be displayed to the nearest unit; entering a "b" of "0.0" willyield the nearest tenth of a unit; entering a "b" of "0.00," the nearest hundredthof a unit; and so on. If you have chosen to omit the "b" term, then the calculat-ed value will be displayed with the same precision as Channel No. "y."

An appropriate ZERO OFFSET (BEE) command may therefore be used toreset the precision for an existing CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL (see Sec-tion 3.d.1).

3.10



3.f.2 SETUP AND USE OF ALGEBRAIC CALCULATIONS

The 11 basic "algebraic" CALCULATE (CLC) functions are given below. A fewsimple examples of their use are also given.

a. Multiplication of a Single Channel by a Constant:

CLC x = m(CHN y) + b [CR]

NOTE: By setting "m" equal to "1" and "b" equal to "0," you will create an "iden-tity" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL. Thus, one or more commands of theform

CLC x = 1(CHN y) + 0 [CR]

can be used to "duplicate" Channel No. y any number of times. As mentionedin Sections 3.a.2 and 3.g.1, by commanding


you will establish a "self-identical" CALCULATE PSEUDO-CHANNEL that willfunction just like a DOWNLOAD PSEUDO-CHANNEL, but can also be moni-tored for limit violations, unlike a normal DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL.

b. Division of a Single Channel by a Constant:

CLC x = (CHN y)/m + b [CR]

c. Addition of Two Channels:

CLC x = m(CHN y + CHN z) + b [CR]

d. Subtraction of One Channel from Another:

CLC x = m(CHN y – CHN z) + b [CR]

e. Multiplication of Two Channels:

CLC x = m(CHN y)(CHN z) + b [CR]

f. Multiplication of Two Channels, Divided by a Constant:

CLC x = (CHN y)(CHN z)/m + b [CR]

g. Division of One Channel by Another (Scaled Numerator):

CLC x = m(CHN y)/(CHN z) + b [CR]

h. Division of One Channel by Another (Scaled Denominator):

CLC x = (CHN y)/(CHN z)m + b [CR]

i. Division of a Constant by a Channel:

CLC x = m/(CHN y) + b [CR]

j. Square Root of a Channel:

CLC x = m(SQR CHN y) + b [CR]

k. Absolute Value of a Channel:

CLC x = m(ABS CHN y) + b [CR]

3.11



Here is an example of a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL used for specific gravitycorrection of flow measurement. Suppose that Channel No. 2 produces a read-ing that represents "volumetric flow." To correct to mass-flow units, a known spe-cific gravity correction factor (K) must be applied. Mass-flow could then beread—to tenths of a unit—by a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x defined bythis command:

CLC x = K(CHN 2) + 0.0 [CR]

Or you can set up a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x to convert the Celsiusreading of Channel No. 3 to the Fahrenheit scale, with a resolution of 1 degree F,by a command of

CLC x = 1.8(CHN 3) + 32 [CR]

Cable diameter can be determined by summing the displacement signalsobtained from two opposing LVDT gaging rollers, and multiplying by a coefficientof 1/2. If the displacement-signal channels are REAL CHANNEL Nos. 1 and 2,then the CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x for diameter measurement tohundredths of a unit would be defined by

CLC x = .5(CHN 1 + CHN 2) + 0.00 [CR]

3.f.3 SETUP AND USE OF “MAX” AND “MIN” CHANNELS

To create a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x that will continuously representthe most positive value reported by a given Channel No. y since PSEUDOCHAN-NEL No. x was last "reset," enter a command of

CLC x = m(MAX CHN y) + b [CR]

NOTE: Unless you want Channel No. y's "MAXIMUM" value to be scaled and/oroffset for some reason, you will normally enter the above command as

CLC x = (MAX CHN y) [CR]

Similarly, to create a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x that will continuouslyrepresent the least positive value reported by a given Channel No. y sincePSEUDOCHANNEL No. x was last "reset," enter a command of

CLC x = m(MIN CHN y) + b [CR]

Again, unless you want Channel No. y's "MINIMUM" value to be scaled and/or off-set for some reason, you will normally enter the above command as

CLC x = (MIN CHN y) [CR]

Fig. 3 shows how a "MAX" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x can capture andhold successively higher-valued maxima experienced by REAL CHANNEL No. y(remember that Channel No. x will continuously report the most positive value ofChannel No. y perceived since the last "reset"). From time t0 to time t1, the read-ing of Channel No. y is continuously rising, and so Channel No. x appears to becontinuously "tracking" Channel No. y. At time t1, however, Channel No. y reachesits first true maximum since time t0. The "MAX" channel "captures" this positivepeak (P1), holding it as a constant—without decay—until time t2, when a yet highervalue of Channel No. y is detected and the "MAX" channel begins once more totrack Channel No. y upwards to a yet higher peak (P2).

Fig. 4 shows how you can use the "WRITE" form of the CHANNEL (CHN) com-mand to instantaneously reset a "MAX" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL for thecapture and hold of successively lower-valued maxima. The "CHN=" commandis normally used in connection with DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS, as

3.12



explained in Section 3.g. Here, however, you will use this command to load a con-stant data value into a "live" (i.e., continuously scanned) channel.

Thus, in Fig. 4, it is necessary to reset the "MAX" channel (No. x)—that is, to get it"back on track"—somewhere along the rise of Channel No. y toward its second,lower-valued peak (P2). This is done at time t2 by loading Channel No. x withsome arbitrary value "vL" which lies below the present value of Channel No. y, viaa command of

CHN x = vL [CR]

This effectively resets Channel No. x to the historical present.* Of course, theloaded value "vL" will be retained only momentarily in the DATA RAM, until Chan-nel No. x is next scanned, whereupon it will be replaced by the current reading ofChannel No. y.

3.13



* A command of the form CHN x = CHN a [CR] can also be used, where the source channel (No."a") might be a DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL (see Section 3.g). This is actually a more efficientmethod, since only system scan is here required.

P1

CHANNELNo. y

P2

t0 t1 t2 t3

CHANNEL No. x("MAX" Pseudochannel: CLC x = MAX y)

Fig. 3 Capture and Hold of Successively Higher-Valued Maxima

t0 t1 t2 t3 t4

P1

P2

P3

VL

CHANNEL No. y

CHN x = V [CR]L

CHANNEL No. x("MAX" Pseudochannel: CLC x = MAX y)

RE

SE

TFig. 4 Capture and Hold of Successively Lower-Valued Maxima Using “Reset” of “MAX” Channel

NOTE: YOU CAN USE AN EXECUTE BUTTON (EXB) COMMAND TO CREATE AFRONT-PANEL "+ PEAK RESET" KEY, SO THAT THE ABOVE "CHN=" COMMANDIS AUTOMATICALLY EXECUTED EACH TIME THAT KEY IS PRESSED (see the thirdexample in Section 5.e).

In Fig. 5, a "MIN" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x captures and holds suc-cessively lower-valued minima experienced by REAL CHANNEL No. y. The initialminimum (time t0) is held only until Channel No. y reaches a yet lower value attime t1, at which time the "MIN" channel appears to begin to "track" Channel No. ydown to the first true negative peak (P1). This peak value will be "captured" at

3.14



t0 t1 t2 t3 t4

P2

P1

CHANNEL No. y

CHANNEL No. x("MIN" Pseudochannel: CLC x = MIN y)

t1 t2 t3

RE

SE

T

P1

P2

P3

t4t0

VH

CHANNEL No. y

CHANNEL No. x("MIN" Pseudochannel: CLC x = MIN y)

CHN x = V [CR]H

Fig. 5 Capture and Hold of Successively Lower-Valued Minima

Fig. 6 Capture and Hold of Successively Higher-ValuedMinima Using “Reset” of “MIN” Channel

time t2 and held until a still lower value is detected at time t3, whereupon ChannelNo. x will track down to the second, lower peak (P2), etc.

Fig. 6 shows the use of a "CHN=" reset to capture successively higher-valuedminima. From time t0 to time t1, the value of Channel No. y is continuously falling,and so the "MIN" channel appears to be tracking it. At time t1, Channel No. yreaches its first true minimum since time t0. This "negative" peak (P1) is capturedand held until Channel No. x is reset at time t2 by commanding

CHN x = vH [CR]

where "vH" is some arbitrary value higher than the present value of Channel No.y.* The second, higher-valued minimum (P2) can now be captured at time t3, etc.

Note that a "MAX" or "MIN" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL can also be used toindefinitely hold a volatile positive or negative peak that has been captured by a4000 instrument's ANALOG "+ PEAK" or "– PEAK" CONDITIONED SIGNAL, if pre-sent (see the respective Instrument Instruction Manual for details).

3.f.4 CANCELLING A CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL: TYP

If at some point you wish to convert an existing scanned CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. x into either a "REAL" (ANALOG INPUT) CHANNEL or aDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL of the same Channel Number, you will have toapply the following TYPE (TYP) command:

TYP x = 00 [CR]

("00" is the general "TYPE" CODE for a 4000 ANALOG INPUT CHANNEL—seeAppendix B for a complete listing of such codes). This TYP command is neces-sary to cancel the current CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL assignment for Chan-nel No. x. Commanding CLC x = N/A [CR] will not work, even though, followingentry of the above TYP command, an inquiry of CLC x [CR] will in fact return"N/A."

3.g LOADING OF DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS: “CHN=”

3.g.1 LOADING ONE OR MORE DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL WITH A FIXED DATA VALUE

Recall from Section 3.a.2 that all "non-real" channels within the scan range whichhave a type code of "00" will be interpreted by the 4000 instrument as DOWN-LOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS—as will all channels above the TERMINATOR CHAN-NEL, regardless of their current type designations.

Since such channels are simply registers for unchanging numeric values, there isnormally no need for them to be included in the scan cycle, even when they areinvolved in cross-channel calculations. Standard DATA-CHANNEL "LIMIT VAL-UES" (LEP, LLL, LOL, HIL, HHL, and HEP) may be assigned to a DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL for the purpose of setting up a BARGRAPH DISPLAY of thatPSEUDOCHANNEL, including yellow and red dual-limit displays (see Sections 4.fand 4.g). Always remember, however, that unlike REAL CHANNELS, CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNELS, and the ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL, DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNELS—REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THEY ARE WITHIN

3.15



* See note, p. 3.13.

THE SCAN RANGE—CANNOT THEMSELVES BE MONITORED FOR CONFOR-MANCE TO PRESET LIMIT VALUES, THOUGH THEY MAY BE USED TO REPRE-SENT LIMIT VALUES FOR OTHER CHANNELS, as explained in Sections 4.f.2 and4.g.2. In other words, the "LIMIT LOGIC" commands described in Section 5.c(BLE, BLL, LLT, etc.) DO NOT APPLY TO DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS.

TO PERFORM REAL-TIME LIMIT CHECKING ON A DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHAN-NEL NO. x, YOU WILL HAVE TO CONVERT IT TO A "SELF-IDENTICAL" CALCU-LATE PSEUDOCHANNEL BY A COMMAND OF


Channel No. x can now be loaded with constant numeric values just like an ordi-nary DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL, and can also be continuously monitoredfor limit violations.

To load DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x with a constant numeric value "w"at any time during normal operation, you may use the special "RUN-TIME WRITE"form of the CHANNEL (CHN) command.* Thus, you need only command

CHN x = w [CR]

Every DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL is nonvolatile, and will therefore powerupto the last value to have been loaded prior to the last power shutdown.

ALSO NOTE: WHEN IN FRONT-PANEL "SETUP" MODE, YOU MAY USE THE "F0"FUNCTION IN THE PARAMETER LIST TO LOAD A CONSTANT VALUE INTO THEDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL BEING SET UP.

To load each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL in the range from No. x throughNo. y with the same fixed data value "w," command

CHN x TO y = w [CR]

3.g.2 LOADING ONE OR MORE DOWNLOAD PSEUDO-CHANNELS WITH THE READING OF ANOTHER CHANNEL

You can arrange to transfer to a given DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL No. x thecurrent data reading of DATA CHANNEL No. "a" by commanding

CHN x = CHN a [CR]

where Channel No. "a" can be any DATA CHANNEL ("REAL," "PSEUDO," or ANA-LOG OUTPUT) other than "x." Channel No. "a" need not be within the currentSCAN RANGE.

To load each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL in the range from No. x throughNo. y with the current data reading of a single DATA CHANNEL No. "a," command

CHN x TO y = CHN a [CR]

where y > x. Again, Channel No. "a" need not be within the current SCAN RANGE.

3.16



* Use of CHN for random channel interrogation is treated in Section 7.a.2.

3.g.3 LOADING A RANGE OF DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELSWITH A RANGE OF DATA-CHANNEL READINGS

To load each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL in the range from No. x throughNo. y with the current reading of the corresponding DATA CHANNEL in the rangefrom No. "a" through No. "b," command

CHN x TO y = CHN a, b [CR]

where y > x; b > a; and (y–x) = (b–a). Any or all of Channel Nos. "a" through "b" maylie outside the current SCAN RANGE.

As an example of this kind of "block" data transfer, suppose you want to load theset of readings reported at a given moment by Channel Nos. 1 through 8 intoDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL Nos. 14 through 21, such that the reading ofChannel No. 1 is "copied" to Channel No. 14, that of Channel No. 2 to Channel No.15, etc. You would then arrange to enter a command of

CHN 14 TO 21 = CHN 1, 8 [CR]

at that moment (by means, say, of an EXECUTE (EXU) function—see Section 5.d).

3.h EVENT COUNTING VIA DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL: INC & DEC

---------- NOTE ----------

The INC and DEC commands may only be applied to a DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL or to a "SELF-IDENTICAL" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHAN-NEL (CLC x = 1(CHN x) + 0). They will have no effect on a REAL CHANNEL,ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL, or any other type of CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL.

Any DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL can serve as an "event counter" for the4000 instrument. Thus, the data value currently reported by DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL No. x will be incremented by exactly one count upon entry ofan INCREMENT (INC) command of

INC x [CR]

The "count" by which the value of Channel No. x is incremented depends on theresolution of that channel. This in turn depends, for a normal DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL, on the decimal-point position of its current SCALING FACTOR("m" coefficient—see Section 3.d.1). If, for example, the channel's "m" value is sim-ply X, with no decimal point (where "X" is any digit), the incremental value will be"1"; if m = X.X, it will be "0.1"; and if m = X.XX, it will be "0.01." If, however, the INCcommand is being applied to a "SELF-IDENTICAL" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHAN-NEL (CLC x = 1(CHN x) + b), the resolution—and hence the increment "count"—will be determined by the decimal-point location of the "b" term (thus, if b = 0.0, itwill be "0.1," etc.).

To increment by one count the respective data values contained in all DOWN-LOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS from Channel No. x to and including Channel No. y(where y > x), command

INC x TO y [CR]

Similarly, you may decrement by onc count the data value of a single DOWN-LOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL—or the data values for a range of such channels—byentering, respectively,

3.17


3.h EVENT COUNTING VIA DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL: INC & DEC

DEC x [CR] or DEC x TO y [CR]

Note too that the application of an INC x [CR] or DEC x [CR] command via theplug-in keyboard will invoke to the keyboard's LCD a display of CHN x = w, where"w" is the newly incremented or decremented value of the channel. There is,however, no corresponding output when an INC or DEC command is entered viathe Computer Interface Port.

The EXECUTE (EXU) command (Section 5.d) can be used to apply an INC orDEC command automatically, as soon as a specified LOGIC BIT is perceived tochange its state. The logic-state transition of this "trigger bit" can in turn be madedependent on the occurrence of the "event(s)" to be counted (see Section 5.a,"Setup of Logic Bits and I/O Ports").

For example, suppose that DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL No. 5 is dedicated tothe counting of unacceptable parts on a production line, with reference to stan-dard high/low limit values. Any one of the seven limit conditions discussed inSection 5.c can be made to set a given LOGIC BIT—say, Bit No. 7. You can thenarrange for Bit No. 7's "going high" to increment by "1" the current reading ofDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL No. 5 by means of this EXECUTE (EXU) state-ment*:

EXU 7 = INC 5 [CR]

The DECREMENT (DEC) command is useful for indicating to the operator howmany parts remain to be tested. Thus, a selected DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHAN-NEL is initially loaded with the total number of tests to be run, and this value ismade to decrease by "1" with the completion of every test.*

3.i SETTING UP AND CANCELLING ANANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL: ANO & TYP

To assign your 4000 instrument's single ANALOG OUTPUT to Channel No. x, andto establish any other Channel No. y—"REAL" or "PSEUDO," scanned orunscanned—as the "data source" for Channel No. x, you will enter an ANALOGOUTPUT (ANO) command of

ANO x = m(CHN y) + b [CR]

where "x" is any Channel Number within the current SCAN RANGE, and where"m" and "b" are floating-point constants necessary to convert the engineeringunits of Channel No. y to millivolts, for output by Channel No. x (the allowable full-scale range is ± 10 V; for other specifications, see Appendix A). Again, the sourcechannel No. y need not be within the current SCAN RANGE.

The above ANO command assigns a "TYPE CODE" of "E0" to Channel No. x,thereby cancelling the previous "typing" of that channel. If, for example, ChannelNo. x was previously a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL (Section 3.f), a subse-quent interrogation of CLC x [CR] will answer "N/A."

---------- WARNING ----------

IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED THAT NOT MORE THAN ONE ANALOG OUT-PUT CHANNEL BE ASSIGNED AT ANY ONE TIME. IF TWO OR MORE ANOCOMMANDS ARE IN EFFECT AT THE SAME TIME, EACH WILL GENERATE AN

3.18


3.i SETTING UP AND CANCELLING AN ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL: ANO & TYP

* Assuming that the channel’s resolution yields a “count” of “1.”

OUTPUT TO BE TRANSMITTED FROM THE REAR ANALOG OUTPUT CONNEC-TOR WITH EACH SCAN CYCLE. WHILE THIS FACT MAY BE PUT TO USE IN CER-TAIN APPLICATIONS, IT IS NORMALLY UNDESIRABLE TO HAVE THE ANALOGOUTPUT COMMITTED TO MORE THAN ONE SOURCE.

For rear-panel ANALOG OUTPUT connections, see your individual InstrumentInstruction Manual. Also, for models whose "standard configuration" includes theanalog output channel, see the Instrument Instruction Manual for your instru-ment's initial analog-output scaling and for an example of how to rescale the out-put signal so that a given data reading produces a given output voltage.

Note that you may at any time request the ANALOG OUTPUT'S "data source" ("y")along with its current gain and offset constants ("m" and "b") by asking

ANO x [CR]

However, to request the current millivolt value of the ANALOG OUTPUT CHAN-NEL, you will need to enter

CHN x [CR]

(see Section 7.a.2 for the "READ" form of the CHANNEL (CHN) command).

You can always specify a new "data source" channel for the analog output by re-entering the ANO x = m(CHN y) + b [CR] command. If at some point, however,you wish to assign a different channel number to the analog output itself, you willfirst have to apply the following TYPE (TYP) command to the currently assignedchannel (No. x):

TYP x = 00 [CR]

("00" is the general "TYPE" CODE for a 4000 ANALOG INPUT CHANNEL—seeAppendix B for a complete listing of such codes). You may now proceed to applythe ANO command to the new channel. This TYP command is necessary to can-cel the current ANALOG OUTPUT assignment for Channel No. x. CommandingANO x = N/A [CR] will not work, even though, following entry of the above TYPcommand, an inquiry of ANO x [CR] will in fact return "N/A."

3.19


3.i SETTING UP AND CANCELLING AN ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL: ANO & TYP


4.a ADJUSTING LCD VIEWING ANGLE

You can easily optimize a 4000 instrument's LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY for your partic-ular viewing angle.

1. Press the instrument's front-panel SETUP button, and then press the STEPbutton (4th from the left) repeatedly until the letters "LCd" appear in the digitaldisplay, to indicate that the instrument is in "LCD adjustment" mode.

2. If you wish to raise the viewing angle—that is, to make the display more read-able from above the instrument—press the "UP ARROW" button (2nd fromthe left) until the desired display of the word "LCd" is produced (note that theextreme setting in this direction will cause the display to disappear, and youwill then have to lower the angle somewhat (Step 3)).

3. If you wish to lower the viewing angle—that is, to make the display more read-able from below the instrument—press the "DOWN ARROW" button (left-most) until the desired display of the word "LCd" is produced (note that theextreme setting in this direction will cause all segments of the display to beclearly visible when the instrument is viewed from any angle except approxi-mately 30% below the level of the display).

4. To return the display to "normal" mode, press the SETUP button once again.The instrument should subsequently powerup with the LCD angle to whichyou have just set it.

4.b LEGEND AND INDICATOR ANNUNCIATION: ANN

Every 4000 model will normally come with the UNIT LEGENDS and BUTTONFUNCTION INDICATORS shown in Fig. 1 of the respective Instrument InstructionManual, the legend/indicator negative being already fitted in the instrument'sfront-panel "FRAME" LABEL. Customized negatives are available as an option.Contact the factory for precise installation instructions; IMPROPER INSTALLA-TION CAN DAMAGE THE 4000 DISPLAY PANEL.

4.1

DISPLAY SETUP 4

4.a ADJUSTING LCD VIEWING ANGLE 4.b LEGEND AND INDICATOR ANNUNCIATION: ANN

F2 F5F4

mm

SETUP

1

8

67

F3

2 3 4 5

F1

inches

milli/in

Fig. 7 Front-Panel “Annunciators”

A 4000 instrument's front-panel "annunciators" consist of the indicators that corre-spond to the first five buttons, plus the three engineering-unit legends.* On initialpowerup, one or more of these eight indicators will normally light up, as deter-mined by the instrument's pre-loaded "standard configuration."

To cause one or more legends and/or indicators to light up at any time (wheninstrument power is on), you can use the ANNUNCIATOR (ANN) command.Thus, to turn ON Annunciator Number n, where 1 ≤ n ≤ 8 (see Fig. 7 for the precisenumbering), you need only command

ANN n = 1 [CR]

To turn OFF Annunciator No. n, command

ANN n = 0 [CR]

Thus, for example, to highlight the middle unit legend ("inches" in Fig. 7), com-mand ANN 7 = 1 [CR]; to turn OFF this legend, command ANN 7 = 0 [CR].

A single ANN command may be applied to a continuous range of annunciators.To simultaneously turn ON or OFF all annunciators from No. n to and includingNo. m (where m > n), command, respectively,

ANN n TO m = 1 [CR] or ANN n TO m = 0 [CR]

NOTE: When reprogramming a front-panel button via a pair of EXECUTE BUT-TON (EXB) commands, you will very often want to include the correspondingANN "ON" and "OFF" commands, as in the first example in Section 5.e.

4.c DEDICATION OF DIGITAL DISPLAY

4.c.1 SELECTING THE CHANNEL TO BE DISPLAYED: DIS

To cause the current "live" reading of DATA CHANNEL No. x to be displayed onyour 4000 instrument's LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY, simply enter a DISPLAY (DIS)command of

DIS = x [CR]

where "x" can be the number of any scanned or unscanned channel—"REAL,""PSEUDO," or ANALOG OUTPUT.**

NOTE: When the BAR = DIS [CR] command is in effect, the above DIS commandwill also produce a BARGRAPH display of Channel No. x (see Section 4.e, below).

4.c.2 “STEPPING” THE DIGITAL DISPLAY: SDI

Application of the STEP DISPLAY (SDI) command will call to the LCD DIGITALDISPLAY the scanned channel whose number is one greater than the number ofthe channel currently being displayed. That is, if Channel No. x is presently ondisplay, a command of

SDI [CR]

4.2

4 DISPLAY SETUP

4.c DEDICATION OF DIGITAL DISPLAY

* The SETUP indicator cannot be affected by the ANNUNCIATOR (ANN) command. It will onlybe on when the 4000 instrument is in "SETUP" mode.

** You can also use your 4000 instrument's front-panel buttons to enter SETUP MODE and thencall any channel to display. See "Selecting a Channel for Display" in the Instrument InstructionManual.

will produce a display of Channel No. x + 1. By successive SDI commands, youcan rapidly step through an entire range of channels, displaying each one insequence.

SDI ONLY WORKS WITH SCANNED CHANNELS (i.e., with channels from No. 1through the current TERMINATOR CHANNEL). Commanding SDI [CR] when theTERMINATOR CHANNEL is on display or when any channel higher than the TER-MINATOR CHANNEL is on display will cycle you back to a display of Channel 1.Note too that the application of an SDI [CR] command via the plug-in keyboardwill invoke to the keyboard's LCD a display of SDI = x, where "x" is the number ofthe newly displayed channel. There is, however, no corresponding output whenan SDI command is entered via the Computer Interface Port.

4.d SCALING THE DIGITAL DISPLAY: EMM

NOTE: IN MOST CASES, YOU WILL SET THE DISPLAY RESOLUTION FOR AGIVEN 4000 CHANNEL WHEN YOU CALIBRATE THAT CHANNEL. This resolutionwill match the precision (decimal-point location) of the SCALING FACTOR estab-lished for that channel during the calibration procedure. The SCALING FACTOR(or "m" coefficient) is automatically computed and loaded by one of several com-mands—including FORCE (FRC), MILLIVOLT/VOLT (MVV), and FREQUENCYCALIBRATION (FRQ)—depending on the type of channel being calibrated. SeeSection 3.d.1 and the individual Instrument Instruction Manual for full details.

Since a channel's effective "m" value can be reset at any time by means of theSCALING FACTOR (EMM) command, this command can also serve to rescalethe channel's digital display at any time, regardless of the method that was initiallyused to calibrate the channel.*

Assume, for example, that your 4000 instrument's Channel No. 3 presently dis-plays its data to the nearest tenth of a unit (XXXX.X), and that you wish it to read tothe nearest hundredth of a unit (XXXX.XX). You should first interrogate for Chan-nel No. 3's existing "m" value* by commanding

EMM 3 [CR]

The answer will be a number with the same decimal-point location as the chan-nel's present display. Suppose, for example, that this number is 200.0. Your nextstep would be to re-enter the same "m" value, but with a precision correspondingto that of the desired display scale. Since, in this example, you want a display tothe nearest hundredth of a unit, you would enter a command of

EMM 3 = 200.00 [CR]

Ordinarily, only the precision of the re-entered "m" value should be changed; oth-erwise, the EMM command would have the effect of recalibrating the channel.

4.3

DISPLAY SETUP 4

4.d SCALING THE DIGITAL DISPLAY: EMM

* Assuming, that is, that a LINEARIZATION SEGMENTS (LNS) command of LNS x = 1[CR] is in effect (see Section 3.d.2). When the channel's LNS is greater than 1, the EMMcommand is not meaningful for that channel.

4.e DEDICATION OF BARGRAPH DISPLAY: BAR

At any time, you can arrange for your 4000 instrument's BARGRAPH DISPLAY torepresent either

1. The "live" reading of the same DATA CHANNEL as that which is currentlybeing displayed by the LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY, or

2. The "live" reading of a single selected DATA CHANNEL, regardless of thechannel currently being displayed by the LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY.

In the first mode, the BARGRAPH display is made dependent on the DIGITAL dis-play, since the channel whose value is represented by the BARGRAPH will alwaysbe the channel currently selected for DIGITAL display. Thus, when a new channelis called to digital display via the DISPLAY (DIS) or STEP DISPLAY (SDI) com-mand (Section 4.c), that same channel will be automatically called to the bargraphdisplay at the same time. To set the bargraph to this display mode, enter a BAR-GRAPH (BAR) command of

BAR = DIS [CR]

In the second mode, the BARGRAPH will continue to display the same specifiedchannel, regardless of the channel currently selected for DIGITAL display. Thus,to select Channel No. x for independent bargraph display, command

BAR = x [CR]

4.f SCALING THE BARGRAPH DISPLAY: HEP & LEP

4.f.1 SETTING FIXED ENDPOINT VALUES

The HIGH ENDPOINT of a given bargraph display is the upper limit of the graph'srange, while the LOW ENDPOINT is the lower limit of this range (see Fig. 8, Sec-tion 4.g). DEFINED INDIVIDUALLY FOR A GIVEN DATA CHANNEL, THESE END-POINT VALUES—ALONG WITH THE CHANNEL'S CURRENT SCALING FACTOR("EMM" VALUE)—DETERMINE THE BARGRAPH SCALE TO BE IN EFFECT WHENTHAT PARTICULAR CHANNEL IS DISPLAYED ON THE BARGRAPH. They willremain in effect regardless of the function that has been assigned to the "end-point" of the bar itself via the BARGRAPH ENDPOINT (BEP) command (Section4.h). Like all per-channel LIMIT VALUES, either or both ENDPOINTS can be fixed,or can be made continuously equal to the reading of any other channel.

To set two fixed ENDPOINT values for the bargraph display of Channel No. x,enter a HIGH ENDPOINT (HEP) command of

HEP x = h [CR]

and a LOW ENDPOINT (LEP) command of

LEP x = l [CR]

where "h" and "l" may be any numeric constants from -32768 to 32767, providedthat

• the LEP value "l" is less than the corresponding HEP value "h," and

• at least 51 units (absolute count) separate the HEP and LEP values.

4.4

4 DISPLAY SETUP

4.e DEDICATION OF BARGRAPH DISPLAY 4.f SCALING THE BARGRAPH DISPLAY

Both "l" and "h" should be expressed in the engineering units selected for Chan-nel No. x.

If, for example, the bargraph for your 4000 instrument's Channel No. 2 is to rangefrom -1250 pounds through (+)3495 pounds, you would command

HEP 2 = 3495 [CR] and LEP 2 = –1250 [CR]

Concerning the entry of HIGH and LOW ENDPOINT values, please note the follow-ing important points:

• Regardless of whether a channel's HEP and LEP values are fixed or variable,each value will be AUTOMATICALLY SCALED SO THAT ITS DECIMAL-POINTLOCATION MATCHES THAT OF THE SCALING FACTOR ("EMM" VALUE) CUR-RENTLY IN EFFECT FOR THAT CHANNEL (see Sections 3.d.1 and 4.d). If, forexample, Channel No. 5's current EMM value is "XXX.X" (where "X" is anydigit), and the command

LEP 5 = -1250 [CR]

is entered, the effective LOW ENDPOINT for Channel 5 will be "-1250.0" (toreflect the current precision of Channel 5). THE DECIMAL-POINT POSITIONWILL ALWAYS BE THE SAME FOR ALL SIX OF A GIVEN CHANNEL'S LIMIT-ZONE PARAMETERS: LEP, LLL, LOL, HIL, HHL, AND HEP. THIS POSITIONCANNOT BE CHANGED EXCEPT BY CHANGING THE CHANNEL'S CURRENTEMM VALUE.

• Thus, if you rescale a channel by modifying its EMM value, ALL SIX OF THECHANNEL'S LIMIT-ZONE PARAMETERS WILL CHANGE ACCORDINGLY. Sup-pose, as in the above example, that the LEP value of Channel 5 is originally "-1250.0" (reflecting an original EMM of "XXX.X"). If the EMM of Channel 5 isnow changed to, say, "XX.XX," the LEP of Channel 5 will automatically become"-125.00."

• The 4000 front panel furnishes a "truncated" numeric display of the two END-POINT values of the currently displayed bargraph (see Fig. 8). That is, theendpoint numbers will appear with all but the first two significant digits con-verted to "0." NOTE THAT THE RESULTING PRECISION OF THE DISPLAYEDHEP AND LEP VALUES DOES NOT REFLECT THE PRECISION OF THE ACTU-AL BARGRAPH ENDPOINTS CURRENTLY IN EFFECT. In the above example,a HEP value of "3495" would still be in effect, to that precision, even though itis displayed as "3400."

• IN ORDER TO UPDATE THE DECIMAL-POINT POSITION IN THE NUMERICHEP AND LEP DISPLAYS AFTER RESCALING THE BARGRAPH, IT IS NECES-SARY TO "RECALL" THE CHANNEL—I.E., TO DISPLAY ANOTHER CHANNELAND THEN RETURN TO THE ORIGINAL ONE.

4.f.2 SETTING VARIABLE ENDPOINT VALUES

To set Channel No. x's LOW ENDPOINT continuously equal to the reading ofChannel No. z, command

LEP x = CHN zL [CR]

Channel No. zL can be any scanned or unscanned DATA CHANNEL—"REAL,""PSEUDO," or ANALOG OUTPUT. Note that both Channel No. x and Channel No.zL should be set to the same precision (decimal-point location).

4.5

DISPLAY SETUP 4

4.f SCALING THE BARGRAPH DISPLAY: HEP & LEP

Similarly, to set the HIGH ENDPOINT for Channel No. x continuously equal to thereading of Channel No. zH, command

HEP x = CHN zH [CR]

where again both Channel No. x and Channel No. zH should be set to the sameprecision (decimal-point location).

Make sure that at any given time the reading of Channel No. zH is sufficientlygreater than that of Channel No. zL to maintain adequate bargraph resolution.Remember that there should be a difference of at least 51 units (absolute count)between a channel's current LEP and HEP values.

For some possible uses of variable limit values, see Section 4.g.3, below.

4.g DEFINING DUAL-LIMIT DISPLAYS:LOL, HIL, LLL, & HHL

4.g.1 SETTING FIXED LIMIT VALUES

Once you have defined the ENDPOINTS of a given channel's bargraph display,you can then set up two independent dual-limit displays with respect to that bar-graph—one to indicate upper and lower "CAUTION" ZONES (YELLOW), and one toindicate upper and lower "DANGER" ZONES (RED). As shown in the figure below,these two sets of "violation zones" are represented by pairs of smaller bars thatlight up above the main bargraph.*

You will enter a series of commands to define seven discrete LIMIT ZONES withrespect to the bargraph, as shown in Fig. 9:

1. "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE (less than LEP)

2. LOWER "DANGER" ZONE (less than LLL and greater than or equal to LEP)

4.6

4 DISPLAY SETUP

4.g DEFINING DUAL-LIMIT DISPLAYS: LOL, HIL, LLL, & HHL

* Note that you can use the commands discussed in this section to set individual LIMIT VALUESfor any DATA CHANNEL—"REAL," "PSEUDO," or ANALOG OUTPUT—whether or not you intendto display that channel via the bargraph. With the exception of "DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHAN-NELS, a channel's predefined limit values—including the BARGRAPH ENDPOINTS LEP andHEP—will always remain valid and may be used to trigger logic control outputs and/or auto-matic command "EXECUTES" (see Sections 5.c and 5.d).

LEP ................................................. HEPLLL ........... (red) ........... HHLLOL ....... (yellow) ....... HIL

Fig. 8 Data Bargraph and Dual-Limit Displays

3. LOWER "CAUTION" ZONE (less than LOL and greater than or equal to LLL)

4. SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE (greater than or equal to LOL and less thanor equal to HIL)

5. UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE (greater than HIL and less than or equal to HHL)

6. UPPER "DANGER" ZONE (greater than HHL and less than or equal to HEP)

7. "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE (greater than HEP).

IMPORTANT: When defining a channel's LIMIT ZONES, make sure that

LEP ≤ LLL ≤ LOL ≤ HIL ≤ HHL ≤ HEP

IF THESE RELATIONSHIPS ARE NOT OBSERVED, UNPREDICTABLE LIMIT DECI-SIONS CAN OCCUR.

To define fixed LOWER and UPPER "CAUTION" ZONES for a given Channel No. x,use the following LOW LIMIT (LOL) and HIGH LIMIT (HIL) commands, respec-tively:

LOL x = l [CR] and HIL x = h [CR]

where "l" and "h" are constant numeric values between -32768 and 32767 (l < h).

Similarly, to define fixed LOWER and UPPER "DANGER" ZONES for Channel No. x,use the following LOW LOW LIMIT (LLL) and HIGH HIGH LIMIT (HHL) com-mands, respectively:

LLL x = l [CR] and HHL x = h [CR]

where, again, -32768 ≤ l < h ≤ 32767.

Every "l" and "h" value should be expressed in the engineering units selected forChannel No. x. Like the HEP and LEP values discussed in the previous section,LOL, HIL, LLL, and HHL will automatically reflect the current decimal-point scaling(i.e., precision) of Channel No. x (see above for details).

Fig. 9 shows the bargraph and dual-limit displays of a 4000 instrument's ChannelNo. 4, after the following commands have been applied:

LEP 4 = 0 [CR] and HEP 4 = 4000 [CR]

LLL 4 = 750 [CR] and HHL 4 = 3250 [CR]

LOL 4 = 1250 [CR] and HIL 4 = 2750 [CR]

In Fig. 8, the DATA BARGRAPH shows a "live" reading of approximately 2900.From the dual-limit displays, the instrument operator can see immediately thatthis data value lies within the UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE.

4.7

DISPLAY SETUP 4


"BELOWBARGRAPH"

ZONE

LOWER"DANGER"

ZONE

LOWER"CAUTION"

ZONE

SAFETY(NO VIOLATION)

ZONE

UPPER"CAUTION"

ZONE

UPPER"DANGER"

ZONE

"ABOVEBARGRAPH"

ZONE

RED LIMIT BARSYELLOW LIMIT BARS

LEP(0)

LLL(750)

LOL(1250)

HIL(2750)

HHL(3250)

HEP(4000)

Fig. 9 Per-Channel Limit Zones

Section 5.c explains how you can program your 4000 instrument's LOGIC I/OPORT to issue a TTL-level logic control output automatically whenever a moni-tored channel's current data value occupies any of the seven LIMIT ZONES. Spe-cific limit conditions can also be made to trigger one or more standardMNEMONIC COMMANDS automatically, as explained in Section 5.d. For limit-zone interrogation of monitored channels via the LIMIT ZONE (LZN) command,see Section 7.a; for optional limit-zone indication in standard data transmissions,see Section 6.b.2.

4.g.2 SETTING VARIABLE LIMIT VALUES

To set Channel No. x's "LOW LOW LIMIT" value (LLL) continuously equal to thereading of Channel No. zLL, command

LLL x = CHN zLL [CR]

Channel No. zLL can be any scanned or unscanned DATA CHANNEL—"REAL,""PSEUDO," or ANALOG OUTPUT. Note that both Channel No. x and Channel No.zLL should be set to the same precision (decimal-point location).

The LOL, HIL, and HHL commands have similar forms:

LOL x = CHN zLO [CR]

HIL x = CHN zHI [CR]

HHL x = CHN zHH [CR]

To avoid unpredictable results, make sure that the current reading of Channel No.zHH is always greater than that of Channel zLL, and that the reading of Channel zHIis always greater than that of Channel zLO.

4.g.3 SOME USES OF VARIABLE LIMIT VALUES

4.g.3.a DISPLAY OF LIMIT VALUE

If, for example, you wish to display the "HIGH HIGH LIMIT" value (HHL) currently ineffect for Channel No. 1, you may use a DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL (say,Channel No. 23) for this purpose. First command HHL 1 = CHN 23 [CR]. Thencommand CHN 23 = h [CR], where "h" is the desired "HIGH HIGH LIMIT" value forChannel No. 1 (you can subsequently load different values of "h" into Channel 23,if you want to change this limit value). Finally, call Channel No. 23 to display bycommanding DIS = 23 [CR].

4.g.3.b COMPARISON OF TWO DATA CHANNELS

By making the "HIGH LIMIT" (HIL) or "LOW LIMIT" (LOL) value of Channel No. xcontinuously equal to the data reading of Channel No. y, you can easily determineat any time whether the present reading of Channel No. x is greater or less thanthe present reading of Channel No. y. Thus, following a command of HIL x = CHNy [CR] an UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE violation will occur whenever the data valuereported by Channel No. x is greater than the data value simultaneously reportedby Channel No. y.

4.8

4 DISPLAY SETUP


4.h DEFINING BAR ENDPOINT: BEP

In combination with the BARGRAPH (BAR) command (Section 4.e), the BARENDPOINT (BEP) command lets you program your 4000 instrument's bargraphto achieve a number of useful effects. In general terms, the BEP commandenables the bargraph's "BAR ENDPOINT"— that is, the "reference" edge (or "end-point") of the bar itself—to indicate a specific value, fixed or variable, independent-ly of the other edge.*

The BEP command can take one of three basic forms, depending on whetheryou want the BAR ENDPOINT to equal

• the LOW ENDPOINT (LEP) value of the channel currently selected for BAR-GRAPH display;

• the "live" value of some other DATA CHANNEL—"REAL," "PSEUDO," or ANA-LOG OUTPUT; or

• the "live" value of the channel currently selected for DIGITAL display.

4.h.1 SETTING BEP EQUAL TO LEP

In the bargraph's "normal," factory-set mode of operation,** the rightmost edge ofthe bar will move continuously to the right or left as the "live" data reading for thecurrently selected channel varies. At the same time, the leftmost bar edge—the"BAR ENDPOINT"— is normally factory-set to remain fixed at the displayed chan-nel's current LOW ENDPOINT (LEP) value by pre-entering a command of

BEP = LEP [CR]

Fig. 8, for example, shows a bargraph with its BEP fixed at the current LEP (here,"0") of the displayed channel.

4.h.2 SETTING BEP EQUAL TO THEREADING OF ANOTHER CHANNEL

You might wish, for example, to have the right edge continue to indicate the "live"data reading of the selected channel (No. x), while the left edge represents the"live" value of a separate CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. y that has been setup to report the MINIMUM VALUE of Channel No. x (see Section 3.f.3). In thiscase, you would enter a command of

BEP = y [CR]

The resulting bargraph display is shown in Fig. 10, below. It lets the operator seeat a glance the difference between Channel No. x's current "live" value and thelowest value it has had since "MIN" Channel No. y was last reset.

Similarly, you can easily arrange for the left edge of the bar to indicate the "live"data reading of the selected channel, while the right edge represents a corre-sponding "MAX" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL (see Fig. 11).

4.9

DISPLAY SETUP 4


* Don't confuse the BAR ENDPOINT ("BEP") with the BARGRAPH ENDPOINTS ("LEP" and"HEP").

** Except for the Model 4K/SPC.

A bargraph indicating Channel No. x's current "MAX MINUS MIN" value (Fig. 12)can be produced by selecting for bargraph display a CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. z which reports the MAXIMUM VALUE of Channel No. x,and by setting the BEP equal to a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. y report-ing the MINIMUM VALUE of Channel No. x (or vice versa: the displayed channelcould be the "MIN" channel and the BEP set to the "MAX" channel).

You can also convert the bargraph display of Channel No. x into a needle indica-tor (a single illuminated segment—see Fig. 13) by setting the BEP equal to Chan-nel No. x itself:

BEP = x [CR]

To set the BARGRAPH ENDPOINT equal to a constant numeric value "d," you mayagain use the BEP = y [CR] form, where Channel No. y is here a DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNEL that has been loaded with the desired constant value (seeSection 3.g). The fixed BEP can be, for example, zero, as in Fig. 14—in whichcase the bar's "live" end is free to move either above or below this "zero center,"depending on whether the current data reading is positive or negative.

Or the BEP can be set equal any of the displayed channel's predefined LIMITVALUES (LEP, LLL, LOL, HIL, HHL, or HEP), by loading the respective value intoDOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL No. y. This permits display of the absolute dif-

4.10

4 DISPLAY SETUP


"MIN" CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. y:

CLC y = MIN CHN x

"LIVE"Channel

No. x

LAST "RESET" VALUEFOR CHANNEL No. y

Fig. 10 “LIVE Minus MIN” Bargraph Display

"LIVE"Channel

No. x

"MAX" CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. y:

CLC y = MAX CHN x

LAST "RESET" VALUEFOR CHANNEL No. y

Fig. 11 “MAX Minus LIVE” Bargraph Display

ference between a channel's "live" data value and one of its predefined limits. InFig. 15, for example, the BAR ENDPOINT has been fixed at the LOW LIMIT (LOL)value of the displayed channel (No. x).

4.11

DISPLAY SETUP 4


LAST "RESET" VALUE FOR EITHERCHANNEL No. y OR CHANNEL No. z

"MAX" CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. z:

CLC z = MAX CHN x

"MIN" CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. y:

CLC y = MIN CHN x

Fig. 12 “MAX Minus MIN” Bargraph Display

"LIVE" CHANNEL No. x;BEP = x

Fig. 13 “Needle Indicator” Bargraph Display

"LIVE" Chn. No. x

"LIVE" Chn. No. x

"ZERO"

Fig. 14 “Zero-Center” Bargraph Display

4.h.3 SETTING BEP EQUAL TO THEREADING OF THE “DIS” CHANNEL

Here you will enter a command of the form

BEP = DIS [CR]

to make the BAR ENDPOINT dependent on the DIGITAL display, since the channelwhose value is represented by the BEP will now always be the channel currentlyselected for DIGITAL display via the last-entered DISPLAY (DIS) or STEP DIS-PLAY (SDI) command (see Section 4.c).

If BEP = DIS [CR] and BAR = DIS [CR] are both in effect, you will again get a nee-dle indicator display like that shown in Fig. 13.

4.i “FLASHING” THE DIGITAL DISPLAY

The FLASH (FLA) command lets you specify a single LOGIC BIT that will causethe 4000 instrument's LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY to begin flashing when that bitchanges from a state of Logic 0 to a state of Logic 1, and will cause the display tostop flashing when the bit changes from Logic 1 back to Logic 0. Thus, to specifyBit No. r for control of display flashing, command

FLA = r [CR]

where 0 ≤ r ≤ 31. You can then cause the display to begin flashing upon entry of aSET BIT (BIT) command of

BIT r = 1 [CR]

and to stop flashing upon a command of

BIT r = 0 [CR]

"External" bit control is discussed in Section 5.a.4.

Automatic entry of either BIT command can be triggered by one or a combinationof other conditions by including the command in an appropriate EXECUTE (EXU)statement (see Section 5.d). Also, you can easily arrange for the "flash control" bit

4.12

4 DISPLAY SETUP


"LIVE" CHANNEL No. xLOL

"LIVE" CHANNEL No. x

Fig. 15 “LOL-Referenced” Bargraph Display

to be automatically set to Logic 1 upon the occurrence of a specific LIMIT VIOLA-TION, or upon one of several violations (see Section 5.c for setting "LIMITLOGIC").

To disable bit-triggered flashing of the display, enter a command of

FLA = 1000 [CR]

This is normally the initial (default) setting in effect when the instrument isshipped.

4.13

DISPLAY SETUP 4



5.a SETUP OF LOGIC BITS AND I/O PORTS: SRC & LIO

5.a.1 INTRODUCTION

Your 4000 instrument's 32 LOGIC BITS (numbered "0" through "31") may be usedfor several important functions, including

• LOGIC I/O for process control—Bit Nos. 0 through 7 only. As shown in Fig.16, below, each of the first eight bits is associated with a like-numberedLOGIC I/O PORT on the instrument's rear LOGIC I/O CONNECTOR. The direc-tion of each active port is specified by a LOGIC I/O (LIO) command that isentered, along with an appropriate LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) command, whenthe corresponding bit is set up. For LOGIC I/O connections, see your Instru-ment Instruction Manual.

• AUTOMATIC TRIGGERING of standard 4000 Series MNEMONIC COM-MANDS via the EXECUTE (EXU) command (Section 5.e)—normally Bit Nos. 0through 15 only.

• activation of automatic LIMIT-VIOLATION RESPONSES, including displayflashing (Section 4.i) and command execution (setup of "LIMIT LOGIC" is dis-cussed in Section 5.c).

Before it can be put to use, a LOGIC BIT must be assigned a "LOGICSOURCE" by means of an appropriate LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) command.For bits sourced to "LIMIT LOGIC" (ONLY), the SRC command also servesto indicate whether the bit is to be LATCHING or NONLATCHING.

If the bit is among the first eight bits (Nos. 0 through 7), it is also necessaryto indicate whether its associated LOGIC I/O PORT is to be an INPUT or anOUTPUT port, by means of the LOGIC I/O (LIO) command. If the bit is notamong the first eight, the SRC command alone suffices to define its LOGICSOURCE (see Fig. 16).

A bit's LOGIC SOURCE will continuously control the bit's logic state. There arethree principal LOGIC SOURCES, which are mutually exclusive. AT ANY GIVENTIME, THE STATE OF A GIVEN BIT WILL BE DETERMINED BY ONLY ONE OF THEFOLLOWING:

1. "LIMIT LOGIC": This is predefined for the bit via the commands discussed inSection 5.c.

2. A LOGIC INPUT: This can only apply to one of the first eight bits, where thecontrolling input is received at the like-numbered LOGIC I/O PORT.

3. AN "EXTERNAL" BIT-SETTING COMMAND: The use of these commands istreated in Section 5.a.4, below. They are "externally" applied by the operatoror computer to set either a single bit or a continuous range of bits to a givenlogic state or configuration of states. When included in EXECUTE (EXU)statements, they have the same "external" bit-setting effects.

Fig. 16 summarizes the LOGIC-SOURCE situation. The assignment of eachsource to a given bit is explained in one of the three following sections. NOTEHERE THAT ANY BIT TO WHICH A LOGIC SOURCE HAS NOT BEEN ASSIGNED—EITHER EXPLICITLY, BY THE OPERATOR/COMPUTER, OR AUTOMATICALLY, BYTHE SYSTEM ITSELF—WILL ALWAYS DEFAULT TO A SOURCE OF "EXTERNAL,NONLATCHING," AND WILL ALWAYS READ LOGIC 0.

5.1

SETUP OF LOGIC AND BUTTON FUNCTIONS 5


Note too that the LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) and LOGIC I/O (LIO) commands dis-cussed below are presented in the single-bit form only. Any given SRC or LIOcommand can also be applied to a continuous range of bits—i.e., to all bits fromBit No. r to and including Bit No. q—by entering the command as

SRC r TO q = . . . [CR] or LIO r TO q = . . . [CR]

5.a.2 “LIMIT LOGIC” BIT CONTROL(SRC = LIM; LIO = OUT): RLS COMMAND

"LIMIT LOGIC" refers to the "latched" or "nonlatched" setting of a particular LOGICBIT whenever the data reading for a specified DATA CHANNEL enters a specifiedLIMIT ZONE. If you want the state of Bit No. r to be determined by such LIMITLOGIC, you must first enter a LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) command of either

SRC r = LIM, LAT [CR] or SRC r = LIM, NON [CR]

If Bit No. r is given a source of "LIM, LAT," it will "latch" when the specified limit vio-lation occurs. That is, the bit will remain at the Logic 1 state, regardless of thesubsequent behavior of the channel in question, until it has been reset by applica-tion of a RELEASE (RLS) command (see below). If, on the other hand, Bit No. r isgiven a source of "LIM, NON," then it is "nonlatching"; after being set to Logic 1 on

5.2



AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AA

AAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAA AA

SETS OR RESETS BIT

SETS OR RESETS PORT

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

INTERNALLOGIC BITS

(0-31)

EXU rEXU /r

LIMIT CONDITION(SRC 1 = LIM and

LIO 1 = OUT)or

"EXTERNALCOMMAND"

(SRC 1 = EXT andLIO 1 = OUT)

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

= Logic 0

= Logic 1

EXTERNAL LOGIC INPUT

LOGIC OUTPUT

OUTPUTPORT

LOGIC I/OPORTS

(0-7)

INPUT PORT

LOGIC INPUT(SRC 5 = EXT and

LIO 5 = INP)

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

31

30

29 LOGICSOURCESfor Bit > 7:

LOGICSOURCESfor Bit 7:

LIMIT CONDITION(SRC 12 = LIM)

or"EXTERNAL"COMMAND(SRC 12 = EXT)

or

or

Fig. 16 Logic Bits and Ports

occurrence of the specified limit violation, it will revert to the Logic 0 state as soonas that violation ceases to occur.

IMPORTANT: If a bit to be controlled by LIMIT LOGIC is among the first eight bits(0 through 7), you must also specify that its associated LOGIC I/O PORT is to bean OUTPUT port, by entering a LOGIC I/O (LIO) command of

LIO r = OUT [CR]

The SRC and LIO commands must precede entry of any LIMIT LOGIC command(BHE, BHH, LGT, etc.) referencing the bit in question.

To "unlatch" a latched LIMIT-sourced bit: If Bit No. r has been sourced by a com-mand of SRC r = LIM, LAT [CR]; has been assigned to a particular limit conditionvia BHE, BHH, LGT, LBT, LLT, BLL, or BLE; and has been consequently set toLogic 1 upon occurrence of that limit condition, then the ONLY way to "unlatch"the bit is to apply a RELEASE (RLS) command of

RLS r [CR]

When "unlatched," Bit No. r will immediately return to Logic 0, assuming that thelimit condition that originally set it to Logic 1 no longer exists.

5.a.3 “LOGIC INPUT” BIT CONTROL(SRC = EXT; LIO = INP)

As mentioned above, this LOGIC SOURCE applies only to the first eight bits. Toplace Bit No. r (where 0 ≤ r ≤ 7) under direct control of the logic input received atthe corresponding LOGIC I/O PORT, you must first specify "EXTERNAL" sourcingof the bit by entering a command of

SRC r = EXT, NON [CR]

IMPORTANT: You must also specify that the associated LOGIC I/O PORT No. r isto be an INPUT port by commanding

LIO r = INP [CR]

NOTE: EXTERNALLY SOURCED BITS ARE ALWAYS "NONLATCHING." The com-mand SRC r = EXT, LAT [CR] will NOT cause Bit r to be a "latching" bit.

5.a.4 “EXTERNAL” BIT CONTROL(SRC = EXT; LIO = OUT)

IMPORTANT: For the state of LOGIC BIT No. r to be controlled exclusively by"external" bit-setting commands, a command of

SRC r = EXT, NON [CR]

must be in effect. If Bit No. r is within the first eight bits (0 ≤ r ≤ 7), a command of

LIO r = OUT [CR]

must also be in effect. The associated LOGIC I/O PORT will then represent anOUTPUT PORT whose state is controlled ONLY by subsequent BIT, BIN, BCD,and/or HEX commands.

Since they are strictly "RUN-TIME" COMMANDS, at system powerup any and allBIT, BIN, BCD, or HEX commands applied prior to the last power shutdown areno longer in effect.

5.3



Note also that a BIT, BIN, BCD, or HEX command may be part of an EXECUTE(EXU) statement (Section 5.d), in which case its effect will be the same as if it hadbeen received directly from an external operator or computer.

5.a.4.a SETTING AND READING A SINGLE BITOR A RANGE OF BITS: BIT

Use the SET BIT (BIT) command to set the state of "externally sourced" LOGICBIT No. r—and of its like-numbered OUTPUT PORT, if 0 ≤ r ≤ 7—to either Logic 0 orLogic 1. Command, respectively

BIT r = 0 [CR] or BIT r = 1 [CR]

To read the state of any Bit No. r—regardless of its designated source—command

BIT r [CR]

When entered via the INTERFACE PORT, this interrogation will produce an outputfrom that port of either r, 0 or r, 1 (followed by the current "END-OF-TRANSMIS-SION" TERMINATOR), depending on the present state of Bit No. r. When enteredvia keyboard, an answer of BIT r, 0 or BIT r, 1 will be returned.

To set to Logic 0 or Logic 1 the state of every "externally sourced" bit from Bit No.r through Bit No. q, command, respectively, either

BIT r TO q = 0 [CR] or BIT r TO q = 1 [CR]

—and to cause the 4000 instrument to output from its interface port the currentlogic states, in sequence, for all bits from Bit No. r through Bit No. q, command,via the interface port,

BIT r TO q [CR]

Again, every answer transmitted will be of the form r, 0 or r, 1.

---------- PLEASE NOTE ----------

In the following discussion, your instrument's first sixteen bits (Nos. 0 through 15)will be referred to collectively as "BIT GROUP No. 1"; the second group of sixteenbits (Nos. 16 through 31) will be referred to as "BIT GROUP No. 2."

5.a.4.b SETTING EITHER OR BOTH “BIT GROUPS”

SETTING TO BINARY CONFIGURATION: BIN

The following BINARY (BIN) command lets you set either of the two BITGROUPS to a sixteen-bit configuration that represents, in BINARY form, a specificdecimal value "d":

BIN k = d [CR]

where -32000 ≤ d ≤ 32000 and "k" (the "BIT GROUP Number") is either "1" or "2."

To make each BIT GROUP configure the same number "d," in BINARY, command

BIN 1 TO 2 = d [CR]

A subsequent interrogation of BIN k [CR] or BIN 1 TO 2 [CR] will yield the fixeddecimal value(s) to which the BIT GROUP or BIT GROUPS have been configured.

IMPORTANT: FOR A BINARY (BIN) COMMAND TO WORK PROPERLY, ALL BITSWITHIN THE BIT GROUP(S) IN QUESTION MUST BE "EXTERNALLY SOURCED."

5.4



SETTING TO BINARY CODED DECIMAL CONFIGURATION: BCD

The following BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) command lets you set either ofthe two BIT GROUPS to a sixteen-bit configuration that represents, in BINARYCODED DECIMAL form, a specific decimal value "d":

BCD k = d [CR]

where -7999 ≤ d ≤ 7999 and "k" (the "BIT GROUP Number") is either "1" or "2."

To set each BIT GROUP to configure the same number "d," in BCD, command

BCD 1 TO 2 = d [CR]

A subsequent interrogation of BCD k [CR] or BCD 1 TO 2 [CR] will yield thefixed decimal value(s) to which the BIT GROUP or BIT GROUPS have been config-ured.

IMPORTANT: FOR A BINARY CODED DECIMAL (BCD) COMMAND TO WORKPROPERLY, ALL BITS WITHIN THE BIT GROUP(S) IN QUESTION MUST BE"EXTERNALLY SOURCED."

SETTING TO HEXADECIMAL CONFIGURATION: HEX

To set all sixteen bits of BIT GROUP No. k such that their configuration is exactlyrepresented by the four-character hexadecimal word "h," enter a HEXADECIMAL(HEX) command of

HEX k = h [CR]

For example, suppose that you want the states of the first sixteen bits to be, inorder,

0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

where the rightmost binary value in the series is the state of the lowest-numberedbit (No. 0). This bit configuration can be encoded by the hexadecimal word 2ED6.You would therefore command

HEX 1 = 2ED6 [CR]

To set each BIT GROUP to configure the same hexadecimal word "h," command

HEX 1 TO 2 = h [CR]

A subsequent interrogation of HEX k [CR] or HEX 1 TO 2 [CR] will yield thehexadecimal word(s) to which the BIT GROUP or BIT GROUPS have been config-ured.

IMPORTANT: FOR A HEXADECIMAL (HEX) COMMAND TO WORK PROPERLY,ALL BITS WITHIN THE BIT GROUP(S) IN QUESTION MUST BE "EXTERNALLYSOURCED."

5.5



5.b DISABLING AND RE-ENABLINGTHE READING OF BITS: NOB & BTS

It is possible to increase your 4000 instrument's internal scan rate by disabling thereading of all LOGIC BITS with each scan cycle. To do so, enter the NO BITS(NOB) command:

NOB [CR]

---------- CAUTION ----------

APPLICATION OF THE NOB COMMAND WILL DISABLE ALL OTHER COMMANDSTHAT DEPEND ON THE READING OF SYSTEM LOGIC-BIT STATES—PRIMARILYALL EXECUTE (EXU) COMMANDS (SECTION 5.d). IT MAY THEREFORE BEUSED TO TEMPORARILY DISABLE ALL EXU FUNCTIONS, IF SUCH IS DESIRED.

To cancel the NO BITS (NOB) command, thus resuming the reading of all bitswith each scan cycle, enter the BITS (BTS) command:

BTS [CR]

On powerup, the BTS condition will always be in effect by default.

5.c SETTING “LIMIT LOGIC”:BHE, BHH, LGT, LBT, LLT, BLL, & BLE

Recall from Section 4.g that there are six LIMIT VALUES which you can define foreach DATA CHANNEL: LEP, LLL, LOL, HIL, HHL, and HEP. These values in turndefine seven distinct "LIMIT ZONES," as shown in Fig. 17, below. An individual"LIMIT LOGIC" command corresponds to each LIMIT ZONE. Any or all "LIMITLOGIC" commands may be simultaneously applied to a given channel. Thesecommands and their associated LIMIT ZONES are as follows:

"LIMIT LOGIC" COMMAND CORRESPONDING LIMIT ZONE

BIT LOW END (BLE) "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE:LESS THAN BEP

BIT LOW LOW (BLL) LOWER "DANGER" ZONE:LEP TO LLL

"LESS THAN" LOGIC (LLT) LOWER "CAUTION" ZONE: LLL TO LOL

"BETWEEN" LOGIC (LBT) SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE:LOL TO HIL

"GREATER THAN" LOGIC (LGT) UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE: HIL TO HHL

BIT HIGH HIGH (BHH) UPPER "DANGER" ZONE: HHL TO HEP

BIT HIGH END (BHE) "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE: GREATER THAN HEP

As mentioned in Section 3.g.1, the above commands DO NOT APPLY TO "DOWN-LOAD" PSEUDOCHANNELS.*

5.6


5.b DISABLING AND RE-ENABLING THE READING OF BITS 5.c SETTING “LIMIT LOGIC”

* They DO apply, however, to a "SELF-IDENTICAL" CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL operating asa DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL (Section 3.f.2).

The effect of each LIMIT LOGIC command is to arrange for a specified LOGIC BITto be at the Logic 1 state whenever the channel's data reading is within the corre-sponding LIMIT ZONE. If the bit is "LATCHING," it will remain at the Logic 1 state,regardless of the subsequent behavior of the channel's "live" data reading, untilreset by a command of RLS r [CR]. If the bit is "NONLATCHING," it will return toLogic 0 as soon as the channel data reading leaves the limit zone in question.

AS EXPLAINED IN SECTION 5.a.2, IN ORDER FOR A BIT NO. r TO BE "SOURCED"BY LIMIT LOGIC, A COMMAND OF EITHER

SRC r = LIM, LAT [CR] or SRC r = LIM, NON [CR]

MUST FIRST HAVE BEEN ENTERED. IF THE BIT IS AMONG THE FIRST EIGHTBITS, YOU MUST ALSO COMMAND

LIO r = OUT [CR]

To specify, for example, that a properly "sourced" Bit No. r be set to Logic 1 whenthe data value for Channel No. x is in the "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE, command

BLE x = r [CR]

and to specify a Bit No. r to be set when data for Channel No. x is in the LOWER"DANGER" ZONE, command

BLL x = r [CR]and so on.

Note that the state of a single LOGIC BIT can be made dependent—in a logic "OR"fashion—upon more than one limit condition. Thus, for example, the state of agiven Bit No. 28 can be the result of either of two (or more) LIMIT LOGIC com-mands applying to the same or to different channels—say,

BLL 7 = 28 [CR]

LGT 7 = 28 [CR]

BHE 8 = 28 [CR]

As a consequence of these commands, Bit No. 28 will be set to Logic 1 wheneverdata for Channel No. 7 is in that channel's LOWER "DANGER" ZONE or UPPER"CAUTION" ZONE, or whenever data for Channel No. 8 is in that channel's"ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE.

To cancel an existing LIMIT LOGIC command, so that the presence of the corre-sponding limit violation will have no effect on the state of any LOGIC BIT, enter anappropriate "N/A" form. To cancel, for example, the existing BIT LOW END(BLE) command applying to Channel No. x, you would enter a command of

5.7


5.c SETTING “LIMIT LOGIC”: BHE, BHH, LGT, LBT, LLT, BLL, & BLE

"BELOWBARGRAPH"

ZONE

LOWER"DANGER"

ZONE

LOWER"CAUTION"

ZONE

UPPER"CAUTION"

ZONE

UPPER"DANGER"

ZONE

"ABOVEBARGRAPH"

ZONE

RED LIMIT BARSYELLOW LIMIT BARS

SAFETY(NO VIOLATION)

ZONE

LEP LLL LOL HIL HHL HEP

BLE BLL LLT LBT LGT BHH BHE

LIMIT ZONESLIMIT-LOGIC MNEMONICSLIMIT VALUES

Fig. 17 Limit-Logic Mnemonics

5.8


BLE x = N/A [CR]

and to cancel the existing "BETWEEN" LOGIC (LBT) command for that channel,you would enter

LBT x = N/A [CR]

5.d AUTOMATIC COMMAND EXECUTION: EXU

The extremely versatile EXECUTE (EXU) command lets you load standard 4000Series MNEMONIC COMMANDS into your 4000 instrument, in advance, to beexecuted immediately and automatically upon detection of predefined internallogic events—specifically, upon detection of predefined LIMIT CONDITIONS, orupon receipt of an externally sourced LOGIC INPUT.

REMEMBER: EXU commands will only work when the BTS [CR] command is ineffect, as it is by default on instrument powerup (see Section 5.b for "Disabling theReading of Bits").

Each EXU command specifies one of the 4000 instrument's first 16 LOGIC BITS(Nos. 0 through 15), plus one or more commands to be executed by the instru-ment whenever that bit changes from Logic 0 to Logic 1 or from Logic 1 to Logic0.* (As explained in Section 5.a, above, the state of any bit can be made depen-dent on the LIMIT STATUS of a given channel or channels, upon an external logicsignal received at the corresponding LOGIC I/O PORT, or upon the application ofan "external" bit-setting command (BIT, BIN, BCD, or HEX).) By means of theEXU command, you can therefore set up preplanned, intelligent reactions to pre-dictable situations and events, so that prompt and proper actions will be takenwhen emergency or other conditions occur, even though the operator or supervi-sory computer may be unable, at the time, to give attention to the process.

To specify one or more standard MNEMONIC COMMANDS to be executed uponthe transition of LOGIC BIT No. r from a Logic 0 to a Logic 1 state, where 0 ≤ r ≤15*, command

EXU r = $ [CR]

To specify one or more commands to be executed upon the transition of Bit No. rfrom a Logic 1 to a Logic 0 state, where 0 ≤ r ≤ 15*, command

EXU /r = $ [CR]

In these commands, "$" is a string of up to 31 ASCII characters— including anyentered spaces—literally stating any command or commands that the 4000 instru-ment can recognize. These are the command(s) to be automatically executedupon the "setting" or "resetting" of Bit No. r, in the same sequence in which theyare specified in the EXU command. When the "$" string contains more than onecommand, adjacent commands should be separated by a colon (:), as shown inthe second example below.

5.d AUTOMATIC COMMAND EXECUTION: EXU

* By means of the EXECUTE BASE GROUP (XBG) command, it is possible to shift the 4000instrument's set of 16 "EXECUTES" to the second BIT GROUP (i.e., Bit Nos. 16 through 31). Todo so, you would enter a command of

XBG 1 = 2 [CR]

If a series of EXU statements has already been set up for Bit Group No. 1 (Bits 0 through 15),the above XBG command will translate the series directly to Bit Group No. 2. Thus, the EXUcommand formerly applying to Bit No. 0 will now apply to Bit No. 16; that formerly applying toBit No. 1 will now apply to Bit No. 17; etc. A subsequent command of XBG 1 = 1 [CR] wouldreassign the "EXECUTE BASE GROUP" back to Bit Group No. 1.

A given "trigger" Bit No. r can be the subject of only one EXECUTE (EXU) com-mand of each form ("normal" or "inverse"). You may, however, use a single EXUstatement (of either form) to specify a series of commands to be applied, insequence, upon detection of the given bit transition. Also, the same sequence ofcommands can be entered for more than one EXU command, specifying a differ-ent "trigger" bit each time. In this way, different logic events can serve to applythe same command or command sequence, in a logic "OR" manner. The exam-ples below will help you understand some of the ways in which the EXU com-mand may be used.

To cancel an existing EXECUTE (EXU) command applying to the Logic 0 to Logic1 transition of Bit No. r, command

EXU r = N/A [CR]

—and to cancel an existing EXU command applying to the Logic 1 to Logic 0 tran-sition of Bit No. r, command

EXU /r = N/A [CR]

ALSO NOTE: By means of the EXECUTE BUTTON (EXB) command described inthe following section, you can arrange for one or more commands to be automat-ically executed whenever any one of the 4000 instrument's first five front-panelkeys is turned ON or OFF, provided the instrument is not in "SETUP" mode.

As an example of the EXECUTE (EXU) command, suppose that you want your4000 instrument to "DUMP" all current data for all scanned channels from its inter-face port whenever the reading for Channel No. 1 enters that channel's UPPER"DANGER" ZONE (see Fig. 17). You should first select an otherwise unusedLOGIC BIT—say, Bit No. 13—to serve as a "trigger" bit. Then apply the followingBIT HIGH HIGH (BHH) command to arrange for that bit to go to Logic 1 when theviolation in question occurs:

BHH 1 = 13 [CR]

where Bit No. 13 has been previously "sourced" to "LIMIT LOGIC" (Section 5.a.2).Then, to cause the DUMP (DMP) command to be automatically executed when-ever Bit No. 13 goes from Logic 0 to Logic 1, enter an EXECUTE (EXU) commandof

EXU 13 = DMP [CR]

Or suppose that you want the following sequence of actions to occur wheneverthe data reading of your 4000 instrument's Channel No. 3 leaves its SAFETY (NOVIOLATION) ZONE (again, see Fig. 17):

1. Channel No. 3 is immediately called to the LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY;

2. Channel No. 4 (a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL representing Channel No.3's MAXIMUM VALUE) is called to the BARGRAPH DISPLAY;

3. The LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY begins flashing; and

4. Bit No. 6 (an "externally sourced" LOGIC OUTPUT) is set to Logic 1.

Bit No. 2 is the selected "trigger bit" in this case, and has been previously"sourced" to nonlatching LIMIT LOGIC. To arrange for this bit to go to Logic 0whenever Channel No. 3's "live" data value leaves the SAFETY ZONE, command

LBT 3 = 2 [CR]

Assume here that no other LIMIT LOGIC commands are in effect for this bit. Alsoassume that a command of

FLA = 19 [CR]

has been previously entered, setting "externally sourced" Bit No. 19 as the "flash-

5.95.d AUTOMATIC COMMAND EXECUTION: EXU


ing" trigger (Section 4.i). To cause the above sequence of actions to be executedwhen any limit violation occurs for Channel No. 3 (i.e., when it leaves its SAFETYZONE), command

EXU /2 = DIS=3:BAR=4:BIT19=1:BIT6=1 [CR]

The automatic setting of Bit No. 6 to "1" could be used, in turn, to trigger yet anoth-er EXU command string (i.e., EXU 6).

5.e PROGRAMMING FRONT-PANEL BUTTONS: EXB

The EXECUTE BUTTON (EXB) command lets you customize the performance ofyour 4000 instrument's front-panel buttons (or "keys"), except for the one labelled"SETUP" (remember that this key is always dedicated to the entering and exitingof "SETUP" mode).

You may apply the EXB command to program any key except "SETUP" to exe-cute a specific string of standard MNEMONIC COMMANDS when it is turned ONand another string of commands—or the same string—when it is turned OFF.Note, however, that a key's EXB-assigned functions will not be performed whenthe 4000 instrument is in "SETUP" mode, during which a given key can perform itssetup function only (see "Using the Front-Panel Setup Buttons" in your InstrumentInstruction Manual).

The form of the EXB command is similar to that of the EXECUTE (EXU) com-mand, described in Section 5.d. Thus, to specify one or more commands to beexecuted when Key No. n is turned ON (first push), command

EXB n = $ [CR]

—and to specify one or more commands to be executed when Key No. n isturned OFF (second push), command

EXB /n = $ [CR]

Here, 1 ≤ n ≤ 5, and "$" is a string of up to 31 ASCII characters—including anyentered spaces—literally stating the desired command(s) to be executed. Whenthe "$" string contains more than one command, adjacent commands should beseparated by a colon (:). For numbering of the front-panel keys, see Fig. 7, Sec-tion 4.b.

Suppose, for example, that you wanted Key No. 3 to invoke a "MAX minus MIN"BARGRAPH DISPLAY for Channel No. 4 when turned ON and, when turned OFF,to return the BARGRAPH to the channel currently selected for display on the LCDDIGITAL DISPLAY, with its left edge fixed at the current LOW ENDPOINT for thatchannel. At the same time, you want Annunciator No. 3 to light when Key No. 3 isON, and to be unlit when the key is OFF. Assuming that CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. 5 represents the MAXIMUM VALUE of Channel No. 4 andthat CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL No. 6 represents its MINIMUM VALUE, youwould then enter these commands:

EXB 3 = ANN3=1:BAR=5:BEP=6 [CR]

EXB /3 = ANN3=0:BAR=DIS:BEP=LEP [CR]

(for the best visual response, the ANN commands should come first in theirrespective strings).

Or if you wanted to set "externally sourced" Bit No. 7 to Logic 1 by simply turningON Key No. 1 (an action which can be made, in turn, to trigger still other com-

5.10 5.e PROGRAMMING FRONT-PANEL BUTTONS: EXB


mands via an EXECUTE (EXU) function), and to reset this bit to Logic 0 by turningOFF the same key, you would command

EXB 1 = BIT7=1 [CR] and EXB /1 = BIT7=0 [CR]

As a final example, suppose that you want to reset "MAX" CALCULATEPSEUDOCHANNEL No. 13 each time you press Key No. 4—i.e., when it is turnedON and when it is turned OFF. You would arrange to set the channel momentarilyto an arbitrary low value "vL" whenever the key is pressed (see Section 3.f.3) bycommanding

EXB 4 = CHN13=vL [CR] and EXB /4 = CHN13=vL [CR]

To specify that Key No. n is to have NO FUNCTION when turned ON or whenturned OFF (unless the instrument is in "SETUP" mode), command, respectively

EXB n = N/A [CR] or EXB /n = N/A [CR]

Note that the application of an EXB command to a given key cancels any "non-SETUP" function that key may previously have had. To return the key to this previ-ous function, you must re-enter the EXB command that was previously in effect.

5.115.e PROGRAMMING FRONT-PANEL BUTTONS: EXB



6.a ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE

6.a.1 INTRODUCTION: COMMUNICATION MODES

Every 4000 instrument can communicate with an external RS-232 device throughits Computer Interface Port, when that instrument's NODE NUMBER is set to "0"—i.e., when the following NODE (NOD) command is in effect for that instrument:

NOD = 0 [CR]

When a 4000 instrument is equipped with the "N" (Networking) Option, and itsNODE NUMBER is set to a number other than "0," then the instrument can com-municate via RS-485 linkage within an entire multinode network.

REMEMBER: FOR RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") COMMUNICATIONS, A 4000INSTRUMENT'S NODE NUMBER MUST REMAIN AT THE INITIAL (DEFAULT) SET-TING OF ZERO. For setting the node number to a non-zero value, see the RS-485Network Operations Instruction Manual that comes with the "N" Option.

FOR RS-232 INTERFACE CABLING, SEE APPENDIX B OF THE INSTRUMENTINSTRUCTION MANUAL.

FOR RS-485 INTERFACE CABLING, SEE THE RS-485 NETWORK OPERATIONSINSTRUCTION MANUAL.

6.a.2 SETTING INTERFACE PROTOCOL:BAU, DBS, SBS, & PAR

The "protocol" applying to both RS-232 and RS-485 interfacing involves four basicdata-transfer characteristics: BAUD RATE (number of data bits transmitted persecond); NUMBER OF DATA BITS transmitted per data character (not includingSTOP BIT(S) and optional PARITY bit); NUMBER OF STOP BITS (1 or 2— allowsthe data receiver time to prepare for the next character transmission); and PARI-TY check (an optional feature that allows a data receiver to detect transmissionerrors).

IMPORTANT: FOR PROPER DATA INTERCHANGE BETWEEN A SINGLE 4000INSTRUMENT AND A CONNECTED RS-232 DEVICE TO OCCUR, THE 4000'SINTERFACE MUST BE SET TO CONFORM EXACTLY WITH THE PROTOCOL STIP-ULATED BY THE CONNECTED DEVICE.

IMPORTANT: FOR PROPER RS-485 DATA INTERCHANGES BETWEEN EVERY4000 INSTRUMENT WITHIN A MULTINODE NETWORK AND THE NETWORKHOST COMPUTER, THE INTERFACE OF EVERY NODE MUST BE SET TO CON-FORM EXACTLY WITH THE PROTOCOL STIPULATED BY THE COMPUTER. Formore details on "Setting Protocol Values for RS-485 Communication," see the RS-485 Network Operations Instruction Manual.

To set the BAUD RATE of the 4000 instrument's Computer Interface Port (in eithercommunications mode), enter the following BAUD RATE (BAU) commandthrough the keyboard or interface port (in the latter case, obviously, it can only beused after the initial data link has been established):

BAU = b [CR]

6.1

SETUP OF DATA TRANSMISSIONS 6


where "b" is the desired baud-rate number: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200(or 19.200K), or 153.6K.

To set the desired NUMBER OF DATA BITS, enter the following DATA BITS (DBS)command:

DBS = d [CR]where "d" is either "7" or "8."

To set the desired NUMBER OF STOP BITS, enter the following STOP BITS (SBS)command:

SBS = s [CR]where "s" is either "1" or "2."

To set the desired PARITY, enter the following PARITY (PAR) command:

PAR = p [CR]

where "p" is either "0" (for NO PARITY), "1" (for ODD PARITY), "2" (for EVEN PARI-TY), or "3" (for ZERO PARITY).*

Note that you may use the BAUD RATE (BAU) command to set all four protocolcharacteristics at once, by entering

BAU = b, d, s, p [CR]

In this command, "b" is a BAUD-RATE selection code:1 = 300 5 = 96002 = 1200 6 = 19.2K3 = 2400 7 = 153.6K4 = 4800

"d" is the NUMBER OF DATA BITS (7 or 8); "s" is the NUMBER OF STOP BITS (1 or2); and "p" is the PARITY selection code, as above:

0 = NONE; 1 = ODD; 2 = EVEN; 3 = ZERO*

For example, to establish a "protocol" of 9600 Baud, 8 Data Bits, 2 Stop Bits, andODD PARITY, you would enter a command of

BAU = 5, 8, 2, 1 [CR]

Depending on the form of the last-entered BAU "WRITE" command, an interroga-tion of

BAU [CR]

will return either b (the baud-rate number) or b,d,s,p.** Note too that you canalso review and, if desired, change your current BAUD-RATE, DATA-BITS, STOP-BITS, and/or PARITY setting at any time by means of the front-panel setup proce-dure explained in the Instrument Instruction Manual.

6.2



* Most high-level language interfaces such as Microsoft QuickBASIC do not support ZERO PARI-TY.

** If NO BAU command has been entered, an interrogation of BAU [CR] will return b (only).

6.b FORMATTING OF STANDARD DATA TRANSMISSIONS

Commands for initiating and (when applicable) terminating the transmission ofdata from the 4000 instrument's COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT are discussed inSection 7.a. The present section deals with the formatting of such transmissions,which is normally a setup operation. The setting of the instrument's OUTPUT("END-OF-LINE") TERMINATOR ("OPT") and END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINA-TOR ("EOT") was treated in Section 2.c.

The SEND (SND) command can be used to include HEADER and/or TAILERTEXT in a given data transmission, and also to include textual CHANNELDESCRIPTIONS in that transmission. See Section 7.b for a full discussion of theSND command.

Note that in the per-channel responses shown below, parentheses encloseoptional elements within the response format, and are not themselves part of thetransmission.

6.b.1 CHANNEL-NUMBER “ECHO”: ECO & NCH

Every 4000 instrument will transmit a per-channel format of

w [OPT]

in response to a CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), or SNAPSHOT (SNP) com-mand. Here, "w" is the appropriate data value, as described in Section 7.a.1, and[OPT] is the instrument's current one- or two-character OUTPUT ("END-OF-LINE")TERMINATOR.

To include a Channel-Number "echo" in every response to a CHN, DMP, or SNPcommand, thus producing per-channel output of the form

x, w [OPT]

(where "x" is the appropriate Channel Number), you can enter an ECHO (ECO)command of

ECO [CR]

This command is automatically in effect for all transmissions produced inresponse to a STREAM (STR) or HARD COPY (HCY) command, and cannot berevoked for such transmissions via the NO CHANNEL (NCH) command.

On instrument powerup, the ECO command will always be in effect by default.

To cancel the Channel-Number "echo" for all CHN, DMP, and SNP transmissions,enter the NO CHANNEL (NCH) command:

NCH [CR]

6.b.2 LIMIT-ZONE INDICATION: LIM & NOL

By entering a LIMITS (LIM) command of

LIM [CR]

you will produce a per-channel format of

(x,) w, z [OPT]

6.3



for every transmission from the Computer Interface Port in response to a CHAN-NEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), or SNAPSHOT (SNP) command, and a per-channelformat of

x, w, z [OPT]

for all responses to a STREAM (STR) or HARD COPY (HCY) command. Here,"z" is a number indicating the LIMIT ZONE in which the data value "w" for ChannelNo. x currently lies (refer to Fig. 17, Section 5.c):

z = 0 indicates data in the "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE

z = 1 indicates data in the LOWER "DANGER" ZONE

z = 2 indicates data in the LOWER "CAUTION" ZONE

z = 3 indicates data in the SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE

z = 4 indicates data in the UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE

z = 5 indicates data in the UPPER "DANGER" ZONE

z = 6 indicates data in the "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE

NOTE: WHILE LIMIT-ZONE NUMBERS WILL BE REPORTED BOTH FOR ALLUNSCANNED CHANNELS (BEYOND THE TERMINATOR CHANNEL) AND FOR ALLSCANNED DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS, THESE NUMBERS ARE MEANING-LESS, SINCE SUCH CHANNELS ARE NOT MONITORED FOR LIMIT VIOLATIONS.

Note also that the LIM command does not affect the answer to a keyboard-entered CHN x [CR] command, as displayed on the keyboard's LCD display.

To cancel the LIM command, enter the NO LIMITS (NOL) command:

NOL [CR]

The NOL command is always in effect, by default, on instrument powerup.

6.b.3 CHARACTERS PER CHANNEL: CPC

To format the DATA FIELD for all STREAM (STR) and HARD COPY (HCY) trans-missions, you may use the CHARACTERS PER CHANNEL (CPC) command:

CPC = n [CR]

where "n" is the desired number of character spaces you wish to constitute theDATA FIELD for each channel transmission (including leading spaces). It may beany integer from "2" through "9," and is initially set at "8."

Commanding, for example,CPC = 9 [CR]

permits the transmission of a data value of seven characters (the maximumallowed), plus two leading spaces.

6.b.4 COLUMNAR FORMAT: CLM

To cause data sets transmitted in response to a STREAM (STR) or HARD COPY(HCY) command to be displayed or printed in parallel columns, enter theCOLUMNS (CLM) command:

CLM = n [CR]

where "n" is the number of columns desired, and is initially set at "1." The maxi-mum number of columns that can be displayed will depend on the width of the

6.4



individual columns (all columns must be of the same width). A column may havea minimum of 9 character spaces, to allow for

Spaces Used1. Channel No. 32. comma 13. DATA FIELD (see the CPC

command, above) 24. three spaces to separate

the column from an adjacentcolumn to its immediate right 3

TOTAL: 9

The three separator spaces must be included in all columns with a DATA FIELD of8 spaces or fewer. A column with a 9-character DATA FIELD will take only twosuch spaces. Thus, a column may have a maximum of 17 character spaces, toallow for

Spaces Used1. Channel No. 32. comma 13. DATA FIELD (including lead-

ing spaces—see the CPCcommand, above) 9

4. comma 15. LIMIT-ZONE indicator "z" (see

the LIM command, above) 16 Column-separating spaces 2

TOTAL: 17

6.c SETTING INTERTRANSMISSION DELAY: DLY

The DELAY (DLY) command lets you set a time delay of up to 0.1 secondbetween successive per-channel data transmissions from the 4000 instrument'sComputer Interface Port in response to a CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP),SNAPSHOT (SNP), STREAM (STR), HARD COPY (HCY), or LIMIT ZONE (LZN)command—or, in general, between successive answers transmitted in responseto any port-entered interrogation of a "range" form ("x TO y," "r TO q," etc.)—when the port is set to RS-232 communications mode. Such a delay avoids over-running the computer input buffer when full handshake protocols are not imple-mented.

The command has this form:DLY = s [CR]

where "s" is the desired intertransmission delay period in milliseconds; 0 ≤ s ≤100.

6.5


6.c SETTING INTERTRANSMISSION DELAY: DLY


7.a MANAGING STANDARD RS-232-CDATA TRANSMISSIONS

7.a.1 INTRODUCTION

Depending on the requirements of your application, you can instruct a 4000 unitto issue from its COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT one of several different forms ofSerial-ASCII output that represent channel data retrieved from the instrument'sDATA RAM.

NOTE: THE COMMANDS YOU CAN USE TO INITIATE DATA TRANSMISSIONSWILL DEPEND ON WHETHER THE 4000 INSTRUMENT'S COMPUTER INTERFACEIS SET FOR RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") OR RS-485 ("MULTINODE") COMMUNI-CATIONS (see Sections 1.b.1 and 6.a.1).

For RS-485 network communications, the STREAM (STR) and HARD COPY(HCY) commands do not operate through the computer interface, while theCHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), SNAPSHOT (SNP), and LIMIT ZONE (LZN)commands can only take their respective single-channel forms.

The following table summarizes the commands which serve to initiate data trans-missions from the Computer Interface Port WHEN THE 4000 INSTRUMENT ISSET TO THE RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") COMMUNICATIONS MODE:

Table 2Summary of DATA TRANSMISSION Commands

(RS-232-C Communications ONLY)

4000 Instrument will Optional OutputName of respond by Transmitting Formatting AvailableCommand Data for … for Transmission

CHANNEL (CHN) one or a selected range of Channel-number scanned or unscanned "echo"; limit-zonechannels, in sequence indication; alternativeand one time only OPT and/or EOT

DUMP (DMP) all or a selected range of Channel-number scanned channels, in "echo"; limit-zonesequence and one time indication; alternativeonly OPT and/or EOT

SNAPSHOT (SNP) all or a selected range of Channel-number scanned channels, in "echo"; limit-zonesequence and one time indication; alternativeonly, as a time-coherent OPT and/or EOTdata set

STREAM (STR) one, all, or a selected Limit-zone indica-range of scanned chan- tion; number ofnels, in sequence, con- characters per chan-tinuously repeated until nel; columnar format;commanded to halt alternative OPT

and/or EOT

(cont’d)

7.1

STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES 7

7.a MANAGING STANDARD RS-232-C DATA TRANSMISSIONS


HARD COPY (HCY) one, all, or a selected Limit-zone indica-range of scanned chan- tion; number ofnels, in sequence and characters per chan-one time only nel; columnar format;

alternative OPTand/or EOT

LIMIT ZONE (LZN) "limit-status" information Alternative OPTfor one or a selected and/or EOTrange of scanned chan-nels, in sequence andone time only*

Specific forms for each command in the table are given in the following sections,while full transmission setup and formatting instructions are given in Sections 2.c,6.a, and 6.b.

It is important to note that the DUMP (DMP), SNAPSHOT (SNP), STREAM(STR), and HARD COPY (HCY) commands will only produce RS-232-C outputfrom the Computer Interface Port, regardless of how they are entered. They willnever cause requested data to be displayed on the plug-in keyboard's LCD dis-play, even when they are entered through the keyboard. The CHANNEL (CHN)and LIMIT ZONE (LZN) commands, however, are "port specific." When enteredvia the keyboard, they will produce an appropriate keyboard display, but no out-put from the Interface Port. When entered via the Interface Port, a CHN or LZNcommand will produce appropriate output from that port, but no keyboard dis-play.

With regard to the per-channel responses shown in the following sections, notethat

1. "x" is the Channel Number of the transmitted channel.

2. "w" is the data value for this channel currently in the DATA RAM. Every datavalue transmitted in response to one of the above commands can take amaximum of seven characters, in addition to a minus sign, if applicable. Maxi-mum data precision is one part in -32768 to 32767 (16 bits). Any numericcharacter can be replaced by a decimal point. Data scaled to produce num-bers larger than allowed by 16-bit precision will be automatically counted byincrements greater than "1," or will have dummy zeros added, as may berequired. Dummy zeros are not shown to the right of a decimal point.

3. "z" is a number indicating the LIMIT ZONE in which this data value currentlylies (see Sections 4.g and 6.b.2):z = 0 indicates data in the "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE

z = 1 indicates data in the LOWER "DANGER" ZONE

z = 2 indicates data in the LOWER "CAUTION" ZONE

z = 3 indicates data in the SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE

7.2



* Unscanned channels may be included in the LZN transmission, and limit-zone indicator num-bers will be reported for such channels, as well as for any scanned DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNELS within the specified range. The numbers, however, are meaningless,since unscanned channels are not monitored for limit violations.

z = 4 indicates data in the UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE

z = 5 indicates data in the UPPER "DANGER" ZONE

z = 6 indicates data in the "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE

4. Parentheses enclose optional elements within the response format, and arenot themselves part of the transmission.

NOTE THAT ANY TRANSMISSION FROM THE INTERFACE PORT MAY BEINSTANTLY HALTED BY APPLICATION OF AN ESCAPE (ESC) COMMAND. Thiscommand is described under the STREAM (STR) command, Section 7.a.5,below.

NOTE ALSO THAT IN THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS, IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE4000 INSTRUMENT'S COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT IS SET FOR RS-232 ("SIN-GLE-NODE") COMMUNICATIONS.

7.a.2 CHANNEL INTERROGATION: CHN

You will use the "READ" form of the CHANNEL (CHN) command when you wantto transmit the current "live" data readings for ONE OR A SELECTED RANGE OFSCANNED OR UNSCANNED DATA CHANNELS, IN SEQUENCE AND ONE TIMEONLY—or when you want to call to the plug-in keyboard's LCD display the current"live" data reading for a single selected channel (for use of the "WRITE" form ofthis command, see Sections 3.f.3 and 3.g).

Thus, by entering via the INTERFACE PORT a command of

CHN x [CR] or CHN x TO y [CR]

respectively, you can cause that port to output the current data value for the 4000instrument's Channel No. x or the current values, in sequence, for all channelsfrom Channel No. x to and including Channel No. y (y > x). The specified chan-nel(s) need not be within the instrument's current SCAN RANGE.

The resulting output for each channel will be

(x,) w (, z) [OPT]

where the presence of the optional Channel Number "x" results from applicationof the ECHO (ECO) command (Section 6.b.1), and the presence of the optionalLIMIT-ZONE Indicator Number "z" results from the LIMITS (LIM) command (Sec-tion 6.b.2).

By entering the CHN x [CR] command via the plug-in keyboard, you can causethe current value for Channel No. x to appear in the keyboard's LCD display. Fol-lowing the initial CHN x [CR] command, you may then use the keyboard's Stepkey to produce sequential readings for a whole range of channels (No. "x + 1," No."x + 2," etc.). Note too that you can enter a CHANNEL (CHN) command bymeans of the keyboard's (NOT THE 4000 INSTRUMENT'S) Chan key. Thus, toproduce a keyboard display of the reading of, say, Channel No.7, you need onlypress the Chan key and then type 7 [CR].

7.a.3 “DUMPING” DATA: DMP

The DUMP (DMP) command is used to transmit the current "live" data readingsfor ALL OR A SELECTED RANGE OF SCANNED DATA CHANNELS, IN SEQUENCEAND ONE TIME ONLY. UNSCANNED CHANNELS WILL NOT BE INCLUDED IN ADUMP (DMP) TRANSMISSION.

7.3



Thus, by entering via keyboard or INTERFACE PORT a command of

DMP [CR] or DMP x TO y [CR]

respectively, you can cause the port to output the current data values, insequence, for all channels within the current SCAN RANGE or for all scannedchannels from Channel No. x through Channel No. y (y > x). As with the CHNcommand, the resulting per-channel output will be

(x,) w (, z) [OPT]

where the presence of the optional Channel Number "x" results from applicationof the ECHO (ECO) command (Section 6.b.1), and the presence of the optionalLIMIT-ZONE Indicator Number "z" results from the LIMITS (LIM) command (Sec-tion 6.b.2).

7.a.4 TRANSMITTING A “SNAPSHOT” OF DATA: SNP

The SNAPSHOT (SNP) command permits the "dumping" of a data set withoutthe time-skew effects that arise when data values reported by different channelsreflect measurements made at different times. In this case, each "dump" is auto-matically preceded by an instantaneous locking of the DATA RAM and is followedby an unlocking of the RAM (see the LOCK (LOK) and UNLOCK (UNL) com-mands, Section 7.d).

The SNP command has the same forms as the DUMP (DMP) command, above:

SNP [CR] or SNP x TO y [CR]

—and the same per-channel response:

(x,) w (, z) [OPT]

7.a.5 “STREAMING” DATA: STR & ESC

The STREAM (STR) command is used to transmit the current "live" data readingsfor ONE, ALL, OR A SELECTED RANGE OF SCANNED DATA CHANNELS, INSEQUENCE, CONTINUOUSLY REPEATED UNTIL COMMANDED TO HALT.UNSCANNED CHANNELS WILL NOT BE INCLUDED IN A STREAM (STR) TRANS-MISSION.

Thus, by entering via keyboard or INTERFACE PORT a command of

STR [CR]

you can cause the port to output the current data values, in sequence, for allchannels within the current SCAN RANGE, and to continuously repeat such out-put until the "datastream" is canceled by an ESCAPE (ESC) command of

ESC [CR]

A command ofSTR x [CR]

will produce a continuous output of the data for Channel No. x only, if it is ascanned channel, until halted by ESC—while a command of

STR x TO y [CR]

will produce a continuously "streaming" output of the data for all scanned chan-nels from Channel No. x through Channel No. y (y > x), until halted by ESC.

Note that you may apply the ESCAPE (ESC) command simply by pressing thekeyboard's Esc key, or by issuing the ASCII [ESC] character to the 4000 instru-

7.4



ment via the INTERFACE PORT. When applied, the ESC command not only termi-nates any transmission from the Interface Port currently in progress, but also hasthe effect of clearing any partial command that has been entered.

The per-channel output produced in response to any of the above STR com-mands is

x, w (, z) [OPT]

where the presence of the optional LIMIT-ZONE Indicator Number "z" results fromapplication of the LIMITS (LIM) command (Section 6.b.2); the Channel Number"x" is always present, regardless of whether the ECHO (ECO) command is ineffect or not (Section 6.b.1). Transmissions produced in response to either aSTREAM (STR) or HARD COPY (HCY) command may also be formatted withrespect to the number of characters in each channel's DATA FIELD (see theCHARACTERS PER CHANNEL (CPC) command, Section 6.b.3) and the out-putting of data in parallel columns (see the COLUMNS (CLM) command, Section6.b.4).

7.a.6 TRANSMITTING “HARD COPY” OUTPUT: HCY

The command and response syntax for the HARD COPY (HCY) command isidentical to that of the STREAM (STR) command, the command forms being

HCY [CR]

HCY x [CR]

HCY x TO y [CR]

and the per-channel response being

x, w (, z) [OPT]

The only real difference between the HCY and the STR commands is that HCYcauses transmission of a single data set, one time only, while STR continues torepeat transmission of the data set, until commanded to halt; formatting optionsfor the two commands are the same.

7.a.7 “LIMIT ZONE” INTERROGATION: LZN

You will use the LIMIT ZONE (LZN) command when you want to transmit the cur-rent LIMIT-ZONE Indicator Number(s) for ONE OR A SELECTED RANGE OFSCANNED DATA CHANNELS, IN SEQUENCE AND ONE TIME ONLY—or when youwant to call to the plug-in keyboard's LCD display the current LIMIT-ZONE Indica-tor Number "z" for a single scanned channel (the values which "z" can take aregiven in Section 7.a.1, above).

Note that unscanned channels may be included in the LZN transmission, andlimit-zone indicator numbers will be reported for such channels, as well as for anyscanned DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS within the specified range. Thesenumbers, however, are meaningless, since unscanned channels are not moni-tored for limit violations.

Thus, by entering via the INTERFACE PORT a command of

LZN x [CR] or LZN x TO y [CR]

respectively, you can cause that port to output the LIMIT-ZONE Indicator Numberfor the 4000 instrument's Channel No. x or the current numbers, in sequence, forall channels from Channel No. x to and including Channel No. y (y > x).

7.5



The resulting output for each channel will be simply

z [OPT]

By entering the LZN x [CR] command via the plug-in keyboard, you can causethe current LIMIT-ZONE Number for Channel No. x to appear in the the key-board's LCD display. Following the initial LZN x [CR] command, you may thenuse the keyboard's Step key to produce sequential "z" readings for a wholerange of channels (No. "x + 1," No. "x + 2," etc.).

7.b MANAGING STANDARD RS-485(NETWORK) DATA TRANSMISSIONS

The commands serving to initiate data transmissions from the Computer Inter-face Port WHEN THE 4000 INSTRUMENT IS SET TO THE RS-485 ("MULTINODE")COMMUNICATIONS MODE are summarized in the following table:

Table 3Summary of DATA TRANSMISSION Commands

(RS-485 Communications ONLY)


CHANNEL (CHN) one selected scanned Channel-number or unscanned channel, "echo"; limit-zoneone time only indication; alternative

OPT and/or EOT

DUMP (DMP) one selected scanned Channel-number channel, one time only "echo"; limit-zone

indication; alternativeOPT and/or EOT

SNAPSHOT (SNP) one selected scanned Channel-number channel, one time only "echo"; limit-zone

indication; alternativeOPT and/or EOT

STREAM (STR) NOT APPLICABLE

HARD COPY (HCY) NOT APPLICABLE

LIMIT ZONE (LZN) "limit-status" information Alternative OPTfor one selected scanned and/or EOTor unscanned channel,one time only*

7.6


7.b MANAGING STANDARD RS-485 (NETWORK) DATA TRANSMISSIONS

* Unscanned channels may be included in the LZN transmission, and limit-zone indicator num-bers will be reported for such channels, as well as for any scanned DOWNLOADPSEUDOCHANNELS within the specified range. The numbers, however, are meaningless,since unscanned channels are not monitored for limit violations.

Concerning RS-485 data transmissions, you should note that

• THE CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), AND SNAPSHOT (SNP) COMMANDSARE ALL ESSENTIALLY IDENTICAL IN FUNCTION, EXCEPT THAT THE CHNCOMMAND CAN BE USED TO INTERROGATE FOR THE DATA OF EITHER ASCANNED OR AN UNSCANNED CHANNEL.

• THE "RANGE" (x TO y) FORMS OF THE CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP),SNAPSHOT (SNP), AND LIMIT ZONE (LZN) COMMANDS DO NOT OPER-ATE. Each single-channel transmission will be terminated by the current END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR ("EOT").

• If a command of DMP [CR] or SNP [CR] is entered (with no channel-numberargument), the first scanned channel (only) will be transmitted.

• THE STREAM (STR) AND HARD COPY (HCY) COMMANDS DO NOT OPER-ATE.

• CHANNEL (CHN) and LIMIT ZONE (LZN) are "port-specific" commands, asthey are in RS-232 mode (see above).

7.c “SENDING” TO THE COMPUTER: SND

Regardless of whether it is in RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") or RS-485 ("MULTINODE")COMMUNICATIONS MODE, you can instruct your 4000 instrument to transmit agiven ASCII CHARACTER STRING from its Computer Interface Port by entering aSEND (SND) command of

SND $ [CR]

where "$" is any string of up to 32 ASCII characters, including any entered spaces.Every ASCII CONTROL CHARACTER in the "$" string must be entered as a hexa-decimal word in brackets (see Table 1, Section 2.b). In response to the aboveSND command, the 4000 will output

$ [EOT]

where [EOT] is the current END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR.

Note that the SEND (SND) command simultaneously defines and initiates a spe-cial transmission from the interface port. Since it is strictly a "RUN-TIME" COM-MAND, there is no permanent storage of "sent" messages, and each message("$") must be entered in full each time it is to be sent.

The SEND (SND) command will not, as a rule, be entered by the computer(which would thereby be sending messages to itself!), but rather

1. manually, via the keyboard, or

2. automatically, as part of an EXECUTE (EXU) sequence, in which case it willdefine and initiate a specific "message" to be sent on detection of one or acombination of internal logic events (see Section 5.d).

SND commands within EXU functions can be used to provide alphanumeric textelements (HEADER, TAILER, CHANNEL DESCRIPTIONS, etc.) within a given datatransmission.

7.7


7.c “SENDING” TO THE COMPUTER: SND

7.d “LOCKING” AND “UNLOCKING” DATA: LOK & UNL

By entering a command ofLOK [CR]

you can inhibit the automatic updating of the 4000 instrument's DATA RAM. In thisway, you can instantly and indefinitely "lock" (or "freeze") all variable data valuesas they existed the moment the command was applied.

To inhibit the automatic updating of a single DATA CHANNEL No. x, only, com-mand

LOK x [CR]

—and to inhibit the updating of all channels from Channel No. x to and includingChannel No. y, only, (where y ≥ x), command

LOK x TO y [CR]

The LOCK (LOK) command is principally used to avoid "time skew" within a givenset of data readings, which can result from slow transmission or processing rates,time-sharing considerations, etc. The SNAPSHOT (SNP) command, describedin Section 7.a.4, permits the "dumping" of a "time-coherent" data set from theComputer Interface Port—when that port is set to RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") com-munications mode—by automatically applying the LOCK (LOK) command imme-diately before the transmission of data and the UNLOCK (UNL) command assoon as the transmission has stopped.

LOK can also be used to "hold" for an indefinite time a critical analog data valuethat is prone to decay (for example, a "MAX" or "MIN" CONDITIONED SIGNAL pro-duced by the Model 4077).

Note that one or more "locked" DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNELS can be updat-ed by means of the "CHN=" command (as discussed in Section 3.g), without hav-ing to first "unlock" the PSEUDOCHANNEL(S).

To "unlock" the DATA RAM, thus resuming normal automatic updating of allscanned channels, enter an UNLOCK (UNL) command of

UNL [CR]

To "unlock" Channel No. x, only, command

UNL x [CR]

—and to "unlock" all channels from Channel No. x through Channel No. y, only(where y ≥ x), command

UNL x TO y [CR]

7.e APPLYING TARE OFFSET: TAR

The TARE (TAR) command may be used whenever "RUN-TIME" zeroing of agiven measurement channel is required—as, for example, in a succession ofrapid batch weighings, where container weight must be continuously "tared" outof the measurement.

Thus, to zero DATA CHANNEL No. x at any time during normal operation, com-mand

TAR x = 0 [CR]

7.8


7.d “LOCKING AND “UNLOCKING” DATA: LOK & UNL 7.e APPLYING TARE OFFSET: TAR

—and to simultaneously zero all channels from Channel No. x to and includingChannel No. y (where y ≥ x), command

TAR x TO y = 0 [CR]

Concerning the TAR command, it is important to note the following:

1. The general form of the command is

TAR x = z [CR] or TAR x TO y = z [CR]

where the number "z" may or may not equal zero. Thus, the command will ingeneral "tare" the specified channel(s) by offsetting the output such that theexisting input yields a reading of "z." This tare offset is then stored in RAMmemory. In most applications, however, you will want a "z" of zero, as above.Note too that a subsequent command of TAR x [CR] will return the existingtare offset for Channel No. x, and not the "z" value entered in the last TAR"WRITE" command for that channel.

2. Since it is stored in RAM, a channel's tare offset will always default to zerowhenever instrument power is cycled. For nonvolatile storage of tare offset,appropriate CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNELS can be set up.

3. When applying the single-channel form of the command, make sure that thespecified channel lies within the currently effective SCAN RANGE (see Sec-tion 3.b). When using the "x TO y" form, make sure that the specified range ofchannels to be zeroed is within or equal to the current SCAN RANGE. APPLY-ING TAR TO AN UNSCANNED CHANNEL WILL PROBABLY RESULT IN ANERRONEOUS DATA READING FOR THAT CHANNEL.

4. Although its effect is to offset the reading of Channel No. x to zero, a com-mand of TAR x = 0 [CR] will not affect the "permanent" ZERO OFFSET ("b")value for Channel No. x presently contained in nonvolatile memory. Torestore the calibration offset "b," thus removing the temporary offset pro-duced by the TAR command, you should first interrogate for Channel No. x'scurrent "b" value by commanding

BEE x [CR]

Note the answer "b" and then enter a ZERO OFFSET (BEE) command of

BEE x = b [CR]

7.9


7.e APPLYING TARE OFFSET: TAR


The purpose of this section is to supply a quick-reference directory of all 4000Series MNEMONIC COMMANDS that are normally of use to the operator. Foreach three-letter MNEMONIC, the following are given:

1. the NAME applied to the MNEMONIC (and from which, in most cases, it is lit-erally derived);

2. the FORM (SYNTAX) of each command beginning with the MNEMONIC; and

3. a brief description of the FUNCTION of each form of the command.

For complete information on any given command, you may refer to the manualsection(s) listed for that command. Note that for some commands, you will bereferred to your instrument's individual Instrument Instruction Manual or to theRS-485 Network Operations Instruction Manual for details. The section or sec-tions printed in boldface contain the primary discussion(s) of the command, andshould therefore be consulted first.

For a general discussion of MNEMONIC COMMANDS—including the conventionsemployed in the expression of commands in this manual—you should review Sec-tion 1.b. In particular, note that all commands are shown in the Directory with the4000 instrument's "standard" COMMAND TERMINATOR ("CMT") of CARRIAGERETURN ([CR]). You may at any time set the instrument to recognize a differentCMT for all commands entered through the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT, viathe COMMAND TERMINATOR (CMT) command (see Section 2.b).

Remember that any answer issued from the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT inresponse to an INTERROGATION received via that port will be terminated by thecurrent END-OF-TRANSMISSION (EOT) character or character string.

Remember too that when a 4000 instrument is equipped with the "N" (Network)Option and is placed in the RS-485 ("MULTINODE") communications mode, then

• every valid SETUP and IMPERATIVE command will issue an "acknowledge-ment" of ACK [EOT] from the Computer Interface Port, while ANY invalidcommand will return NAK [EOT] (remember that, regardless of the currentcommunications mode, a valid INTERROGATION command will alwaysrespond with an appropriate "answer," followed by [EOT]).

• an INTERROGATION of the "RANGE" form (i.e, with multiple arguments: "x TOy," "r TO q," "n TO m", etc.) will not be recognized as such when the ComputerInterface Port is set for RS-485 network communications; only the FIRSTANSWER of the requested range will be returned. This applies also to all mul-tichannel forms of the CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), SNAPSHOT (SNP),and LIMIT ZONE (LZN) commands—see Section 7.b. Note, however, thatSETUP and IMPERATIVE commands of the "RANGE" form will be recognizedas such through the RS-485 port.

This directory does NOT include commands that are immediately concerned withthe STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL functions of the Model 4K/SPC. For alisting of these commands, you should refer to the Model 4K/SPC InstrumentInstruction Manual.

---------- NOTE ----------

After a SECURITY CODE (SCD) command has been applied, the only com-mands issued by an external source (keyboard, computer, or terminal) to whichthe 4000 instrument will yield a normal response are DUMP (DMP), HARD COPY

8.1

DIRECTORY OF 4000 SERIES COMMANDS 8

COMMAND DIRECTORY

(HCY), SNAPSHOT (SNP), RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES (RPC), VER-SION (VER), REBOOT, and the "READ" forms of CHANNEL (CHN) and SET BIT(BIT).*

On receipt of any other valid mnemonic command by a "configuration-protected"4000 instrument, a response of NO ACCESS will be invoked.

Commands applied by means of existing EXECUTE (EXU) and/or EXECUTEBUTTON (EXB) functions will not be affected by the presence of the securitycode.

ANN ANNUNCIATOR 4.b

ANN n = 1 [CR]Turns ON front-panel Annunciator No. n, causing it to light; 1 ≤ n ≤ 8 (see Fig. 7, Section4.b).

ANN n TO m = 1 [CR]Turns ON each annunciator from n through m (m > n).

ANN n = 0 [CR]Turns OFF front-panel Annunciator No. n.

ANN n TO m = 0 [CR]Turns OFF each annunciator from n through m (m > n).

ANN n [CR]Reads existing state of Annunciator No. n; returns 1 (ON) or 0 (OFF).

ANN n TO m [CR]Reads existing state of each annunciator from n through m (m > n).

ANO ANALOG OUTPUT 3.i

ANO x = m(CHN y) + b [CR]Assigns the instrument's ANALOG OUTPUT to Chn. x, and sets up this channel as afunction of Chn. y (m and b are constants). "Retypes" Chn. x as "E0."

ANO x [CR]Reads current "data source" for ANALOG OUTPUT CHANNEL x; returns m(CHNy)+b orN/A (the latter appears if a "WRITE" form of the ANO command has not been appliedto Chn. x, or if the former ANO assignment of Chn. x has been cancelled by a TYPcommand).

BAR BARGRAPH 4.e

BAR = DIS [CR]Dedicates BARGRAPH DISPLAY to the "live" reading of the channel currently selectedfor DIGITAL DISPLAY (see the DISPLAY (DIS) and STEP DISPLAY (SDI) commands).

BAR = x [CR]Dedicates BARGRAPH DISPLAY to the "live" reading of Chn. x.

BAR [CR]Reads current BARGRAPH mode; returns DIS or x.

BAU BAUD RATE 6.a.2

BAU = b [CR]Sets BAUD RATE for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT to value "b" (b = 300, 1200, 2400,4800, 9600, 19200 (or 19.200K), or 153.6K.

BAU = b, d, s, p [CR]Sets BAUD RATE and other protocols for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT: b = Baud rate:1 = 300, 2 = 1200, 3 = 2400, 4 = 4800, 5 = 9600, 6 = 19200, 7 = 153.6K; d = No. of DATABITS: 7 or 8; s = No. of STOP BITS: 1 or 2; p = PARITY: 0 = NONE, 1 = ODD, 2 = EVEN, 3 =ZERO.

8.2

8 DIRECTORY OF 4000 SERIES COMMANDS

COMMAND DIRECTORY

* Additional SPC-related commands will be recognized by a 4K/SPC. See Appendix C.

BAU [CR]Reads current BAUD RATE or BAUD RATE and other protocol values for COMPUTERINTERFACE PORT; returns b or b,d,s,p—depending on which form of the BAU "WRITE"command was last entered.

BCD BINARY CODED DECIMAL 5.a.4(b)

BCD k = d [CR]Sets BIT GROUP k to encode in BCD form the decimal value d (-7999 ≤ d ≤ 7999) if andonly if all bits in BIT GROUP k are "externally sourced" (see SOURCE (SRC) com-mand); k = 1 or 2.

BCD 1 TO 2 = d [CR]Sets each BIT GROUP to encode in BCD form the decimal value d, if all bits are "exter-nally sourced."

BCD k [CR]Reads the decimal value currently represented by the BCD configuration of BIT GROUPk; returns d.

BCD 1 TO 2 [CR]Reads current BCD configuration of each BIT GROUP.

BEE ZERO OFFSET ("b") 3.d.1, 7.e,Instrument Instruction Manual

BEE x = b [CR]Sets to b the ZERO OFFSET to be applied to Chn. x; may be used to reset the precisionof a CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL. Only applies when LNS x = 1 [CR] is in effect.

BEE x TO y = b [CR]Sets to b the ZERO OFFSET to be applied to each channel from x through y (y > x).

BEE x [CR]Reads current ZERO OFFSET for Chn. x; returns b.

BEE x TO y [CR]Reads current ZERO OFFSET for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BEP BAR ENDPOINT 4.h

BEP = LEP [CR]Sets BAR ENDPOINT equal to the LOW ENDPOINT (LEP) value of the channel current-ly selected for BARGRAPH DISPLAY.

BEP = y [CR]Sets BAR ENDPOINT equal to the "live" reading of Chn. y.

BEP = DIS [CR]Sets BAR ENDPOINT equal to the "live" reading of the channel currently selected forDIGITAL DISPLAY (see DISPLAY (DIS) and STEP DISPLAY (SDI) commands).

BEP [CR]Reads current BAR ENDPOINT setting; returns LEP, y, or DIS.

BHE BIT HIGH END 5.c

BHE x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the "ABOVEBARGRAPH" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

BHE x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE.

BHE x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing BHE assignment for Chn. x.

BHE x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels BHE assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BHE x [CR]Reads existing BHE assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

BHE x TO y [CR]Reads BHE assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

BHH BIT HIGH HIGH 5.c

BHH x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the UPPER"DANGER" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

BHH x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's UPPER "DANGER" ZONE.

BHH x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing BHH assignment for Chn. x.

BHH x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels BHH assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BHH x [CR]Reads existing BHH assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

BHH x TO y [CR]Reads BHH assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BIN BINARY 5.a.4(b)

BIN k = d [CR]Sets BIT GROUP k to encode in BINARY form the decimal value d (-32000 ≤ d ≤ 32000)if and only if all bits in BIT GROUP k are "externally sourced" (see SOURCE (SRC)command); k = 1 or 2.

BIN 1 TO 2 = d [CR]Sets each BIT GROUP to encode in BINARY form the decimal value d, if all bits are"externally sourced."

BIN k [CR]Reads the decimal value currently represented by the BINARY configuration of BITGROUP k; returns d.

BIN 1 TO 2 [CR]Reads current BINARY configuration of each BIT GROUP.

BIT SET BIT 4.i, 5.a.4(a)

BIT r = 1 [CR] or BIT r = 0 [CR]Sets LOGIC BIT No. r to Logic 1 or Logic 0, respectively, if and only if the bit is "external-ly sourced" (see SOURCE (SRC) command).

BIT r TO q = 1 [CR] or BIT r TO q = 0 [CR]Sets all "externally sourced" bits from r through q to Logic 1 or Logic 0, respectively (q> r).

BIT r [CR] Reads current logic state of Bit r, regardless of its designated source; returns r,0 or r,1.

BIT r TO q [CR] Reads current logic state of each bit from r through q (q > r).

BLE BIT LOW END 5.c

BLE x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the "BELOWBARGRAPH" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

BLE x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's "BELOW BARGRAPH" ZONE.

BLE x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing BLE assignment for Chn. x.

BLE x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels BLE assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BLE x [CR]Reads existing BLE assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

BLE x TO y [CR]Reads BLE assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BLL BIT LOW LOW 5.c

BLL x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the LOWER"DANGER" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

BLL x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's LOWER "DANGER" ZONE.

BLL x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing BLL assignment for Chn. x.

BLL x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels BLL assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BLL x [CR]Reads existing BLL assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

BLL x TO y [CR]Reads BLL assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

BTS BITS 5.b, 5.dBTS [CR]

Cancels NO BITS (NOB) command, to resume normal reading of LOGIC BITS witheach scan cycle; in effect, by default, on powerup. May be used to re-enable EXE-CUTE (EXU) functions.

CHN CHANNEL 3.f.3, 3.g, 7.a.1, 7.a.2, 7.b, 7.dCHN x = w [CR]

Loads DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL x with the fixed data value w. The mnemonicCHN may also be entered by pressing the keyboard's Chan key.

CHN x TO y = w [CR]Loads each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL from x through y with the fixed data valuew (y > x).

CHN x = CHN a [CR]Loads DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL x with the current data reading of Channel No.a, once only. A subsequent interrogation of CHN x [CR] will return the current datavalue of Chn. x, and not CHN a.

CHN x TO y = CHN a [CR]Loads each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL from x through y with the current datareading of Channel No. a, once only (y > x). A subsequent interrogation of CHN x TO y[CR] will return the current data values of Chns. x through y, and not CHN a.

CHN x TO y = CHN a, b [CR]Loads each DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL from x through y with the current datareading of the corresponding channel in the range from a through b (y > x; b > a; (y - x) =(b - a)). A subsequent interrogation of CHN x TO y [CR] will return the current data val-ues of Chns. x through y, and not CHN a, b.

CHN x [CR]Reads current data for Chn. x, which need not be within the current SCAN RANGE.When entered through COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT, outputs x, w, z [OPT], where x =Channel No. (optional—see ECHO (ECO) command); w = data value; and z = LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No. (optional—see LIMITS (LIM) command). When entered throughkeyboard, displays CHN x = w on the keyboard's LCD display (only). The mnemonicCHN may also be entered by pressing the keyboard's Chan key.

CHN x TO y [CR]Reads current data for each channel from x through y (y > x), which channels need notbe within the current SCAN RANGE; when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485mode, returns data for Chn. x only.

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

CLC CALCULATE 3.a.2, 3.f, 3.g.1Defines CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL x as a function of one or more other channels(m and b are constants, where the entered b value determines the precision of Chn. x)."Retypes" Chn. x to the indicated TYPE code.

CLC x = m(CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: F6Multiplication of a single channel by a constant.

CLC x = (CHN y)/m + b [CR] TYPE: FCDivision of a single channel by a constant.

CLC x = m(CHN y + CHN z) + b [CR] TYPE: F0Addition of two channels.

CLC x = m(CHN y – CHN z) + b [CR] TYPE: F1Subtraction of one channel from another.

CLC x = m(CHN y)(CHN z) + b [CR] TYPE: F2Multiplication of two channels.

CLC x = (CHN y)(CHN z)/m + b [CR] TYPE: F5Multiplication of two channels, divided by a constant.

CLC x = m(CHN y)/(CHN z) + b [CR] TYPE: F3Division of one channel by another (scaled numerator).

CLC x = (CHN y)/(CHN z)m + b [CR] TYPE: F4Division of one channel by another (scaled denominator).

CLC x = m/(CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: F7Division of a constant by a channel.

CLC x = m(SQR CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: F8Square root of a channel.

CLC x = m(ABS CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: F9Absolute value of a channel.

CLC x = m(MAX CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: FAMaximum value of a channel.

CLC x = m(MIN CHN y) + b [CR] TYPE: FBMinimum value of a channel.

CLC x [CR]Reads current definition of CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL x; returns m(CHNy)+b,(CHNy)/m+b, etc., or N/A (the latter appears if a "WRITE" form of the CLC commandhas not been applied to Chn. x, or if the former CLC assignment of Chn. x has beencancelled by a TYP command).

CLC x TO y [CR]Reads current definition of each CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL from x through y (y >x).

CLM COLUMNS 6.b.4

CLM = n [CR]Sets columnar format for STREAM (STR) and HARD COPY (HCY) transmissions fromCOMPUTER INTERFACE PORT (n = no. of columns).

CLM [CR]Reads current column-number specification for STR and HCY transmissions; returnsn.

CMT COMMAND TERMINATOR 2.b

CMT = c [CR]Specifies ASCII character c to be recognized as the COMMAND TERMINATOR for allcommands received via the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; c must be entered as ahexadecimal word in brackets ([00] through [FF])—see Table 1, Section 2.b for ASCIICONTROL CHARACTERS ([00] through [1F]); c cannot be the [ESC] character.

CMT [CR]Reads the current COMMAND TERMINATOR for the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT;usually entered via keyboard; returns c.

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

CPC CHARACTERS PER CHANNEL 6.b.3

CPC = n [CR]Formats the per-channel DATA FIELD for all STREAM (STR) and HARD COPY (HCY)transmissions from the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT (n = no. of DATA-FIELD spaces;2 ≤ n ≤ 9).

CPC [CR]Reads the number of DATA-FIELD spaces specified for all STR and HCY transmissions,returns n.

DBS DATA BITS 6.a.2

DBS = d [CR]Sets NUMBER OF DATA BITS for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT to "d" (d = 7 or 8)—seealso BAUD RATE (BAU) command.

DBS [CR]Reads current DATA-BITS setting for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; returns d.

DEC DECREMENT 3.h

DEC x [CR]Decrements by one count the current data value of DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL x,based on the existing resolution of Chn. x; when entered via keyboard, invokes key-board display of newly decremented value.

DEC x TO y [CR]Decrements by one count the current data value of each DOWNLOAD PSEUDO-CHANNEL from x through y (y > x).

DIS DISPLAY 4.c.1, 4.eDIS = x [CR]

Selects Chn. x to be displayed on the LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY; see also BAR = DIS [CR]command.

DIS [CR]Reads the number of the channel currently being displayed on the LCD DIGITAL DIS-PLAY; returns x.

DLY DELAY 6.c

DLY = s [CR]Sets intertransmission delay for the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT to s milliseconds (0≤ s ≤ 100).

DLY [CR]Reads current intertransmission delay setting; returns s.

DMP DUMP 7.a.1, 7.a.3, 7.bDMP [CR]

Transmits current data for all scanned channels from the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT, in sequence and once only; outputs x,w,z [OPT] per channel, where x = ChannelNo. (optional—see ECHO (ECO) command); w = data value; and z = LIMIT-ZONE Indica-tor No. (optional—see LIMITS (LIM) command).

DMP x TO y [CR]Transmits current data, in sequence and once only, for all scanned channels from xthrough y (y > x); when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485 mode, returns datafor Chn. x only.

ECO ECHO 6.b.1

ECO [CR]Causes Channel Number(s) to be included in all transmissions from the COMPUTERINTERFACE PORT in response to a CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), or SNAPSHOT(SNP) command; automatically in effect for all STREAM (STR) and HARD COPY(HCY) transmissions; in effect, by default, on powerup. Does not affect the displayed

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

answer to a keyboard-entered CHN x [CR] interrogation. Cancelled by NO CHANNEL(NCH) command.

EDT EDITOR 2.a

EDT = Y [CR]Enables front-panel "SETUP" mode, allowing alteration of configuration parameters viafront-panel buttons.

EDT = N [CR]Disables front-panel "SETUP" mode, prohibiting alteration of configuration parametersvia front-panel buttons.

EDT [CR]Reads current "EDITOR" mode; returns Y (ENABLED) or N (DISABLED).

EMM SCALING FACTOR ("m") 3.d.1, 4.d,Instrument Instruction Manual

EMM x = m [CR]Sets to m the SCALING FACTOR to be applied to Chn. x; may be used to rescale theLCD DIGITAL DISPLAY (see Section 4.d). Only applies when LNS x = 1 [CR] is in effect.

EMM x TO y = m [CR]Sets to m the SCALING FACTOR to be applied to each channel from x through y (y > x).

EMM x [CR]Reads current SCALING FACTOR for Chn. x; returns m.

EMM x TO y [CR]Reads current SCALING FACTOR for each channel from x through y (y > x).

EOT END OF TRANSMISSION 2.c.2

EOT = $ [CR]Specifies an END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR for the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT different from the current OUTPUT (END-OF-LINE) TERMINATOR for that port—see OUTPUT TERMINATOR (OPT) command. $ is a string of up to four ASCII charac-ters, each entered as a hexadecimal word in brackets ([00] through [FF])—see Table 1,Section 2.b for ASCII CONTROL CHARACTERS ([00] through [1F]). Application of EOTmust always follow application of OPT.

EOT [CR]Reads current END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR for the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT; returns $.

ESC ESCAPE 7.a.1, 7.a.5

ESC [CR]Halts any transmission from the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; clears any partial com-mand that may have been previously entered. May be entered by pressing the key-board's Esc key or by transmitting the [ESC] character to the instrument via theCOMPUTER port.

EXB EXECUTE BUTTON 5.e

EXB n = $ [CR]Specifies one or more commands to be executed when front-panel Key No. n is turnedON, when the instrument is not in "SETUP" mode ($ is an ASCII string of up to 31 char-acters, including spaces; command delimiter is colon (:); 1 ≤ n ≤ 5 (the key labelled"SETUP" may not be reprogrammed)).

EXB /n = $ [CR]Specifies one or more commands to be executed when front-panel Key No. n is turnedOFF, when the instrument is not in "SETUP" mode.

EXB n = N/A [CR]Specifies that Key No. n is to perform NO FUNCTION when it is turned ON, unless theinstrument is in "SETUP" mode.

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

EXB /n = N/A [CR]Specifies that Key No. n is to perform NO FUNCTION when it is turned OFF, unless theinstrument is in "SETUP" mode.

EXB n [CR]Reads the command(s) to be executed when Key No. n is turned ON; returns $ or N/A.

EXB n TO m [CR]Reads the "TURN-ON" command(s) for each key from n through m (m > n).

EXB /n [CR]Reads the command(s) to be executed when Key No. n is turned OFF; returns $ orN/A.

EXB /n TO m [CR]Reads the "TURN-OFF" command(s) for each key from n through m (m > n).

EXC EXCITATION Instrument Instruction Manual

EXC = e [CR]Selects excitation level "e" (e will take different values, depending on the 4000 instru-ment model—see the Instrument Instruction Manual).

EXC [CR]Reads current excitation-level setting; returns e.

EXU EXECUTE 3.h, 5.d, 7.cEXU r = $ [CR]

Specifies one or more commands to be executed upon transition of LOGIC BIT r fromLogic 0 to Logic 1 (0 ≤ r ≤ 15 if the XBG1 = 1 [CR] command is in effect; 16 ≤ r ≤ 31 ifXBG1 = 2 [CR]; $ is an ASCII string of up to 31 characters, including spaces; commanddelimiter is colon (:)).

EXU /r = $ [CR]Specifies one or more commands to be executed upon transition of LOGIC BIT r fromLogic 1 to Logic 0 (0 ≤ r ≤ 15 if the XBG1 = 1 [CR] command is in effect; 16 ≤ r ≤ 31 ifXBG1 = 2 [CR]).

EXU r = N/A [CR]Cancels existing EXU command applying to the Logic 0-to-Logic 1 transition of LOGICBIT r.

EXU /r = N/A [CR]Cancels existing EXU command applying to the Logic 1-to-Logic 0 transition of LOGICBIT r.

EXU r [CR]Reads the command(s) to be executed upon the Logic 0-to-Logic 1 transition of LOGICBIT r; returns $ or N/A.

EXU r TO q [CR]Reads the Logic 0-to-Logic 1 command(s) for each bit from r through q (q > r).

EXU /r [CR]Reads the command(s) to be executed upon the Logic 1-to-Logic 0 transition of LOGICBIT r; returns $ or N/A.

EXU /r TO q [CR]Reads the Logic 1-to-Logic 0 command(s) for each bit from r through q (q > r).

FIL FILTER 3.e

FIL x = f [CR]Sets to f the digital filtering constant for "REAL" Chn. x (0 ≤ f ≤ 15).

FIL x TO y = f [CR]Sets to f the digital filtering constant for each "REAL" channel from x through y (y > x).

FIL x [CR]Reads current digital filtering constant for Chn. x; returns f or N/A (the latter appears ifChn. x is not a "REAL" channel).

FIL x TO y [CR]Reads current digital filtering constant for each channel from x through y (y > x).

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

FLA FLASH 4.i

FLA = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as flashing "trigger" bit for LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY (0 ≤ r ≤ 31); display willflash when Bit r is at Logic 1.

FLA = 1000 [CR]Disables bit-triggered flashing of the LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY.

FLA [CR]Reads current flashing "trigger" bit; returns r or 1000.

FRC FORCE 3.d.2, Instrument Instruction Manual

FRC x = z [CR]Sets the SCALING FACTOR ("m" coefficient) for "REAL" Chn. x so that the channel'sexisting input yields a reading of z. Also sets desired precision (decimal-point location)for Chn. x. When used in "two-point" calibration, must be preceded by ZERO (ZRO)command. Only applies when LNS x = 1 [CR] is in effect.

FRC x TO y = z [CR]"Forces" each "REAL" channel from x through y to the same reading z (y > x). Onlyapplies when LNS = 1 for each channel.

FRC x = fn [CR]Enters POINT No. n in the LINEARIZATION TABLE for "REAL" Chn. x, when LNS x > 1;"fn" is the endpoint value of linearization segment "n" (see Fig. 2, Section 3.d.2(a)); 1 ≤ n≤ 16.

FRC x [CR]If Chn. x is a "REAL" channel, returns a number used internally for channel scaling; ifChn. x is not a "REAL" channel, returns N/A.

FRC x TO y [CR]For each channel from x through y (y > x), returns a scaling number or N/A.

FRQ FREQUENCY CALIBRATION* Instrument Instruction Manual

FRQ x = i, u [CR]Calibrates Frequency Input Chn. x (i = the nominal full-scale rating of the frequencysource (or the highest frequency expected to be measured), in Hertz; u = the corre-sponding value of the measured phenomenon, expressed in the desired engineeringunits). The entered "u" value sets the precision for Chn. x.

FRQ x [CR]Reads current calibration constants for Frequency Input Chn. x; returns i,u or N/A (thelatter appears if Chn. x is not a Frequency Input channel). In the response to FRQ x[CR], the returned i and u values are automatically rescaled to reflect the current inputfrequency range.

HCY HARD COPY** 7.a.1, 7.a.6, 7.bHCY [CR]

Transmits current data for all scanned channels from the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT, in sequence and once only; outputs x,w,z [OPT] per channel, where x = ChannelNo.; w = data value (see CHARACTERS PER CHANNEL (CPC) command); and z =LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No. (optional—see LIMITS (LIM) command). Output may be for-matted in parallel columns (see COLUMNS (CLM) command).

HCY x [CR]Transmits current data, once only, for the scanned Chn. x only.

HCY x TO y [CR]Transmits current data, in sequence and once only, for all scanned channels from xthrough y (y > x).

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

* FRQ currently applies only to the Model 4040, where “x” (the Frequency Input Channel) is nor-mally “2.”

** HCY is not recognized when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485 network communi-cations.

HEP HIGH ENDPOINT 4.f, 4.g, 5.cHEP x = h [CR]

Sets BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for Chn. x to the fixed value h; h may be any numberfrom -32768 to 32767, provided that it is greater than the existing LOW ENDPOINT(LEP) value for Chn. x, and that at least 51 units (absolute count) separate the HEP andLEP values for Chn. x.

HEP x TO y = h [CR]Sets to the same value h the BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for each channel from xthrough y (y > x).

HEP x = CHN z [CR]Sets BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

HEP x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal tothe "live" reading of Chn. z.

HEP x [CR]Reads current BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for Chn. x; returns h or CHNz.

HEP x TO y [CR]Reads current BARGRAPH HIGH ENDPOINT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

HEX HEXADECIMAL 5.a.4(b)

HEX k = h [CR]Sets the bits of BIT GROUP k such that their configuration represents the four-charac-ter hexadecimal word h, if and only if all bits in BIT GROUP k are "externally sourced"(see SOURCE (SRC) command); k = 1 or 2.

HEX 1 TO 2 = h [CR]Sets each BIT GROUP to configure the hexadecimal word h, if all bits are "externallysourced."

HEX k [CR]Reads the hexadecimal word currently represented by the configuration of BIT GROUPk; returns h.

HEX 1 TO 2 [CR]Reads current hexadecimal configuration of each BIT GROUP.

HHL HIGH HIGH LIMIT 4.g, 5.cHHL x = h [CR]

Sets HIGH HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x to the fixed value h; -32768 ≤ h ≤ 32767; h must begreater than the existing LOW LOW LIMIT (LLL) value for Chn. x.

HHL x TO y = h [CR]Sets to the same value h the HIGH HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

HHL x = CHN z [CR]Sets HIGH HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

HHL x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets HIGH HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal to the "live" read-ing of Chn. z.

HHL x [CR]Reads current HIGH HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x; returns h or CHNz.

HHL x TO y [CR]Reads current HIGH HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

HIL HIGH LIMIT 4.g, 5.cHIL x = h [CR]

Sets HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x to the fixed value h; -32768 ≤ h ≤ 32767; h must be greaterthan the existing LOW LIMIT (LOL) value for Chn. x.

HIL x TO y = h [CR]Sets to the same value h the HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

HIL x = CHN z [CR]Sets HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

(cont’d)

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

HIL x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal to the "live" reading ofChn. z.

HIL x [CR]Reads current HIGH LIMIT for Chn. x; returns h or CHNz.

HIL x TO y [CR]Reads current HIGH LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

INC INCREMENT 3.h

INC x [CR]Increments by one count the current data value of DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL x,based on the existing resolution of Chn. x; when entered via keyboard, invokes key-board display of newly incremented value.

INC x TO y [CR]Increments by one count the current data value of each DOWNLOAD PSEUDO-CHANNEL from x through y (y > x).

LBT "BETWEEN" LOGIC 5.c

LBT x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the SAFETY(NO VIOLATION) ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that isnot a "DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

LBT x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE.

LBT x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing LBT assignment for Chn. x.

LBT x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels LBT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LBT x [CR]Reads existing LBT assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

LBT x TO y [CR]Reads LBT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LCT LOCATE 3.c

LCT x = s [CR]Locates "REAL" Chn. x to the instrument's analog CONDITIONED SIGNAL No. s.

LCT x [CR]Reads current location of Chn. x. If Chn. x is a "REAL" channel, returns s; if Chn. x is nota "REAL" channel, returns either N/A or 1.

LCT x TO y [CR]Reads current location of each channel from x through y (y > x).

LEP LOW ENDPOINT 4.f, 4.g, 5.cLEP x = l [CR]

Sets BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for Chn. x to the fixed value l; l may be any numberfrom -32768 to 32767, provided that it is less than the existing HIGH ENDPOINT (HEP)value for Chn. x, and that at least 51 units (absolute count) separate the HEP and LEPvalues for Chn. x.

LEP x TO y = l [CR]Sets to the same value l the BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for each channel from xthrough y (y > x).

LEP x = CHN z [CR]Sets BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

LEP x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal to the"live" reading of Chn. z.

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COMMAND DIRECTORY

LEP x [CR]Reads current BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for Chn. x; returns l or CHNz.

LEP x TO y [CR]Reads current BARGRAPH LOW ENDPOINT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LGO LOGO 1.b.3(b)

LGO = $ [CR]Specifies "logo" heading $ to be displayed in the keyboard's LCD display BILLBOARDwhenever the BILLBOARD is not called upon to display other material ($ is a string ofup to 15 characters, including spaces).

LGO [CR]Reads existing "logo" entry; returns $.

LGT "GREATER THAN" LOGIC 5.c

LGT x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the UPPER"CAUTION" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

LGT x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE.

LGT x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing LGT assignment for Chn. x.

LGT x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels LGT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LGT x [CR]Reads existing LGT assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

LGT x TO y [CR]Reads LGT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LIM LIMITS 6.b.2

LIM [CR]Includes per-channel LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No. z in all CHANNEL (CHN), DUMP(DMP), SNAPSHOT (SNP), STREAM (STR), and HARD COPY (HCY) transmissionsfrom the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT (see LIMIT ZONE (LZN) command for "z"numbers); does not affect the displayed answer to a keyboard-entered CHN x [CR]interrogation. Cancelled by NO LIMITS (NOL) command, which is in effect, by default,on powerup.

LIO LOGIC I/O 5.a

LIO r = INP [CR]Designates as an INPUT port the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to Bit r, where 0 ≤ r ≤7; see also LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) command.

LIO r TO q = INP [CR]Designates as an INPUT port the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to each bit from rthrough q (q > r).

LIO r = OUT [CR]Designates as an OUTPUT port the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to Bit r, where 0 ≤ r≤ 7; see also LOGIC SOURCE (SRC) command.

LIO r TO q = OUT [CR]Designates as an OUTPUT port the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to each bit from rthrough q (q > r).

LIO r [CR]Reads current I/O status of the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to Bit r, where 0 ≤ r ≤ 7;returns INP or OUT.

LIO r TO q [CR]Reads current I/O status of the LOGIC I/O PORT corresponding to each bit from rthrough q (q > r).

8.13


COMMAND DIRECTORY

LLL LOW LOW LIMIT 4.g, 5.cLLL x = l [CR]

Sets LOW LOW LIMIT for Chn. x to the fixed value l; -32768 ≤ l ≤ 32767; l must be lessthan the existing HIGH HIGH LIMIT (HHL) value for Chn. x.

LLL x TO y = l [CR]Sets to the same value l the LOW LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LLL x = CHN z [CR]Sets LOW LOW LIMIT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

LLL x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets LOW LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal to the "live" read-ing of Chn. z.

LLL x [CR]Reads current LOW LOW LIMIT for Chn. x; returns l or CHNz.

LLL x TO y [CR]Reads current LOW LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LLT "LESS THAN" LOGIC 5.c

LLT x = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for Chn. x is in the LOWER"CAUTION" ZONE (see Fig. 17, Section 5.c), if Chn. x is a scanned channel that is not a"DOWNLOAD" PSEUDOCHANNEL.

LLT x TO y = r [CR]Specifies Bit r as the bit to be set to Logic 1 when the data for any channel from xthrough y (y > x) is in that channel's LOWER "CAUTION" ZONE.

LLT x = N/A [CR]Cancels existing LLT assignment for Chn. x.

LLT x TO y = N/A [CR]Cancels LLT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LLT x [CR]Reads existing LLT assignment for Chn. x; returns r or N/A.

LLT x TO y [CR]Reads LLT assignment for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LNS LINEARIZATION SEGMENTS 3.d.2

LNS x = n [CR]Sets to n the number of linearization points (i.e., segment endpoints) to be entered inthe LINEARIZATION TABLE for "REAL" Chn. x; 1 ≤ n ≤ 15.

LNS x TO y = n [CR]Sets to n the number of linearization points to be entered in the LINEARIZATION TABLEfor each "REAL" channel from x through y (y > x).

LNS x [CR]Reads the number of linearization points in the LINEARIZATION TABLE for Chn. x;returns n or N/A (the latter appears if Chn. x is not a "REAL" channel).

LNS x TO y [CR]Reads the number of linearization points in the LINEARIZATION TABLE for each chan-nel from x through y (y > x).

LOK LOCK 7.d

LOK [CR]Inhibits automatic updating of the DATA RAM, instantly "locking" all DATA CHANNELS;cancelled by UNLOCK (UNL) command of the form UNL [CR].

LOK x [CR]"Locks" Chn. x only; cancelled by UNL x [CR].

LOK x TO y [CR]"Locks" all channels from x through y (y > x); cancelled by UNL x TO y [CR].

8.14


COMMAND DIRECTORY

LOL LOW LIMIT 4.g, 5.cLOL x = l [CR]

Sets LOW LIMIT for Chn. x to the fixed value l; -32768 ≤ l ≤ 32767; l must be less thanthe existing HIGH LIMIT (HIL) value for Chn. x.

LOL x TO y = l [CR]Sets to the same value l the LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LOL x = CHN z [CR]Sets LOW LIMIT for Chn. x equal to the "live" reading of Chn. z.

LOL x TO y = CHN z [CR]Sets LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x) equal to the "live" reading ofChn. z.

LOL x [CR]Reads current LOW LIMIT for Chn. x; returns l or CHNz.

LOL x TO y [CR]Reads current LOW LIMIT for each channel from x through y (y > x).

LZN LIMIT ZONE 7.a.1, 7.a.7, 7.bLZN x [CR]

Reads current LIMIT-ZONE Indicator Number "z" for Chn. x, where z = 0 for "BELOWBARGRAPH" ZONE; z = 1 for LOWER "DANGER" ZONE; z = 2 for LOWER "CAUTION"ZONE; z = 3 for SAFETY (NO VIOLATION) ZONE; z = 4 for UPPER "CAUTION" ZONE; z =5 for UPPER "DANGER" ZONE; z = 6 for "ABOVE BARGRAPH" ZONE. When enteredthrough COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT, outputs z [OPT]. If Chn. x is unscanned or ascanned DOWNLOAD PSEUDOCHANNEL, the number "z" will not be meaningful.

LZN x TO y [CR]Reads current LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No. for each channel from x through y (y > x);when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485 mode, returns limit-zone data forChn. x only.

MVV MILLIVOLT/VOLT CALIBRATION Instrument Instruction Manual

MVV x = i, u [CR]Calibrates Strain Gage Input Chn. x (i = transducer rating in "mV/V, full scale"; u = nomi-nal full-scale rating in desired engineering units). The entered "u" value sets the preci-sion for Chn. x.

MVV x TO y = i, u [CR]Calibrates each Strain Gage Input channel from x through y (y > x).

MVV x [CR]Reads current calibration constants for Strain Gage Input Chn. x; returns i,u or N/A (thelatter appears if Chn. x is not a "REAL" channel). In the response to MVV x [CR], thereturned i and u values are automatically rescaled to reflect the current mV/V full-scalerange.

MVV x TO y [CR]Reads current calibration constants for each Strain Gage Input channel from x throughy (y > x).

NCH NO CHANNEL 6.b.1

NCH [CR]Cancels ECHO (ECO) command, removing Channel Number(s) from all transmissionsissued from the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT in response to a CHANNEL (CHN),DUMP (DMP), or SNAPSHOT (SNP) command; does not affect output of theSTREAM (STR) and HARD COPY (HCY) commands. ECHO (ECO) is in effect, bydefault, on powerup.

NOB NO BITS 5.b, 5.dNOB [CR]

Disables the reading of LOGIC BITS with each scan cycle; cancelled by BITS (BTS)command, which is in effect, by default, on powerup. May be used to disable all EXE-CUTE (EXU) functions.

8.15


COMMAND DIRECTORY

NOD NODE 1.b.2, 6.a.1,RS-485 Network Operations Instruction Manual

NOD = n [CR]Sets NODE NUMBER for a 4000 instrument equipped with the "N" (RS-485 Network)Option; 0 ≤ n ≤ 99. A node number of "0" sets the instrument's COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT for RS-232 ("SINGLE-NODE") communications; a nonzero node number sets theport for RS-485 ("MULTINODE") communications.

NOD [CR]Reads current node-number assignment for a 4000 instrument equipped with the "N"(RS-485 Network) Option; returns n. When issued to the network by the host comput-er, this command in effect asks for the number of the single currently "open" node (seeOPEN (OPN) command).

NOL NO LIMITS 6.b.2

NOL [CR]Cancels LIMITS (LIM) command, removing per-channel LIMIT-ZONE indication from allCHANNEL (CHN), DUMP (DMP), SNAPSHOT (SNP), STREAM (STR), and HARDCOPY (HCY) transmissions from the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; in effect, bydefault, on powerup.

OPN OPEN 1.b.2,RS-485 Network Operations Instruction Manual

OPNn [CR]Recognized only when entered through the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT of a 4000instrument equipped with the "N" (RS-485 Network) Option, and when that port is setfor RS-485 ("MULTINODE") communications (see NOD command); "opens" NetworkNode No. n (only) for RS-485 communications with the host computer. There can beno space between "OPN" and the node number n, nor can n contain a leading zero.Returns ACK [EOT].

OPT OUTPUT TERMINATOR 2.c.1, 2.c.2OPT = $ [CR]

Specifies an "END-OF-LINE" TERMINATOR for the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT. $ isa string of one or two ASCII characters, each entered as a hexadecimal word in brack-ets ([00] through [FF])—see Table 1, Section 2.b for ASCII CONTROL CHARACTERS([00] through [1F]). Also sets to $ the END-OF-TRANSMISSION TERMINATOR for theCOMPUTER INTERFACE PORT (see END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) command).

OPT [CR]Reads current END-OF-LINE TERMINATOR for the COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT;returns $.

PAR PARITY 6.A.2

PAR = p [CR]Sets PARITY for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT to "p" (p = 0 for NO PARITY, 1 for ODDPARITY, 2 for EVEN PARITY, and 3 for ZERO PARITY)—see also BAUD RATE (BAU)command.

PAR [CR]Reads current PARITY setting for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; returns p.

PKN PEAK NEGATIVE* Instrument Instruction Manual

PKN = TRK [CR]Places the analog "– PEAK" channel in "TRACK" mode.

PKN = HLD [CR]Places the analog "– PEAK" channel in "HOLD" mode.

PKN [CR]Reads current mode setting of the analog "– PEAK" channel; returns TRK or HLD.

8.16


COMMAND DIRECTORY

* PKN currently applies only to the Model 4077.

PKP PEAK POSITIVE1 Instrument Instruction Manual

PKP = TRK [CR]Places the analog "+ PEAK" channel in "TRACK" mode.

PKP = HLD [CR]Places the analog "+ PEAK" channel in "HOLD" mode.

PKP [CR]Reads current mode setting of the analog "+ PEAK" channel; returns TRK or HLD.

REBOOT2 Appendix C

REBOOT [CR]Re-initializes the 4000 instrument to its "default" configuration. This is the only way toregain full access to the setup configuration, following application of the SECURITYCODE (SCD) command.

RES RESPONSE3 Instrument Instruction Manual

RES x = r [CR]Selects a set of analog filter characteristics for "REAL" Chn. x; r is a number indicatingthe desired characteristics.

RES x [CR]Reads current analog filter characteristics number for "REAL" Chn. x; returns r or N/A(the latter appears if Chn. x is not a "REAL" channel).

RLS RELEASE 5.a.2, 5.cRLS r [CR]

Releases the "latch" of latched Bit r, if the bit has been "sourced" by a command ofSRC r = LIM, LAT [CR].

RLS r TO q [CR]Releases the "latch" of each properly sourced bit from r through q (q > r).

RNG RANGE Instrument Instruction Manual

RNG x = v [CR]Selects a specific input range for "REAL" Chn. x; v is a number or word indicating thedesired range, to which a suffix of "A," "D," "M," etc., may be added when applicable (for"AC," "DC," "mV/V," etc., respectively).

RNG x TO y = v [CR]Sets to the same range value v each "REAL" channel from x through y (y > x).

RNG x [CR]Reads current range value for "real" Chn. x; returns v or N/A (the latter appears if Chn.x is not a "REAL" channel).

RNG x TO y [CR]Reads current range value for each "REAL" channel from x through y (y > x).

RPC RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES4 Appendix C

RPC = v [CR]Restores WRITE-ONLY access to the current setup configuration if and only if "v" is theASCII string specified by the last-entered SECURITY CODE (SCD) command.

RPC = 0 [CR]Re-establishes full READ/WRITE security for the current setup configuration, followinga command of RPC = v [CR].

8.17


COMMAND DIRECTORY

1 PKP currently applies only to the Model 4077.

2 REBOOT is NOT currently recognized by the Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP.

3 RES currently applies only to the Model 4040, where “x” is normally “2.”

4 RPC is NOT currently recognized by the Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP.

SBS STOP BITS 6.a.2

SBS = s [CR]Sets NUMBER OF STOP BITS for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT to "s" (s = 1 or 2)—seealso BAUD RATE (BAU) command.

SBS [CR]Reads current STOP-BITS setting for COMPUTER INTERFACE PORT; returns s.

SCD SECURITY CODE1 Appendix C

SCD = v [CR]Sets and puts immediately into effect the security code "v"; v is a string of up to 8 ASCIIcharacters (for allowable characters, see Section 2 of Appendix C). This is a WRITE-ONLY command, and serves to protect the current instrument configuration from bothinterrogation and alteration. See RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES (RPC) andREBOOT commands. SEE ALSO THE WARNING IN SECTION 2 OF APPENDIX C.

SDI STEP DISPLAY 4.c.2

SDI [CR]Calls to LCD DIGITAL DISPLAY the channel whose number is one greater than that ofthe currently displayed channel, provided that the currently displayed channel is withinthe range from Chn. 1 to the TERMINATOR CHANNEL (If the displayed channel is theTERMINATOR or above, SDI will display Chn. 1). For a keyboard-entered SDI com-mand, the number of the newly displayed channel will appear in the keyboard LCD dis-play.

SEN SENSITIVITY2 Instrument Instruction Manual

SEN = s [CR]Selects an input sensitivity for the Frequency Input channel (only); s is a number indi-cating the desired sensitivity range.

SEN [CR]Reads current input sensitivity number for the Frequency Input channel; returns s.

SHN SHUNT CALIBRATE—NEGATIVE3 Instrument Instruction Manual

SHN x = ON [CR]Closes Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x for a negative up-scale reading(Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHN = ON [CR]Closes Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel for a negative up-scale reading (Model 4077).

SHN x = OFF [CR]Opens Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x that was closed for a negativeup-scale reading; resumes normal measurement by Chn. x (Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHN = OFF [CR]Opens Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel that was closed for anegative up-scale reading; resumes normal measurement by the channel (Model4077).

SHN x [CR] Reads status of Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x with respect to a nega-tive up-scale reading; returns ON, OFF, or N/A (the latter appears if Chn. x is not aStrain Gage Input channel) (Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHN [CR] Reads status of Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel with respectto a negative up-scale reading; returns ON or OFF (Model 4077).

8.18


COMMAND DIRECTORY

1 SCD is NOT currently recognized by the Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP.

2 SEN currently applies only to the Model 4040.

3 The channel-number argument “x” is required for SHN commands issued to a Model 4078 orMode 4K/HP; for the Model 4077, no channel number should be entered.

SHP SHUNT CALIBRATE—POSITIVE* Instrument Instruction Manual

SHP x = ON [CR]Closes Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x for a positive up-scale reading(Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHP = ON [CR]Closes Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel for a positive up-scalereading (Model 4077).

SHP x = OFF [CR]Opens Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x that was closed for a positive up-scale reading; resumes normal measurement by Chn. x (Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHP = OFF [CR]Opens Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel that was closed for apositive up-scale reading; resumes normal measurement by the channel (Model 4077).

SHP x [CR] Reads status of Shunt Calibration Switch of Strain Gage Chn. x with respect to a posi-tive up-scale reading; returns ON, OFF, or N/A (the latter appears if Chn. x is not aStrain Gage Input channel) (Model 4078 or 4K/HP).

SHP [CR] Reads status of Shunt Calibration Switch of the Strain Gage Input channel with respectto a positive up-scale reading; returns ON or OFF (Model 4077).

SND SEND 6.b, 7.c

SND $ [CR]Causes ASCII character string $ to be transmitted from the COMPUTER INTERFACEPORT ($ is a string of up to 32 characters, including spaces; every ASCII CONTROLCHARACTER must be entered as a hexadecimal word in brackets—see Table 1, Sec-tion 2.b).

SNP SNAPSHOT 7.a.1, 7.a.4

SNP [CR]Transmits time-coherent "snapshot" of data for all scanned channels from the COM-PUTER INTERFACE PORT, in sequence and once only; outputs x,w,z [OPT] per chan-nel, where x = Channel No. (optional—see ECHO (ECO) command); w = data value; andz = LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No. (optional—see LIMITS (LIM) command).

SNP x TO y [CR]Transmits time-coherent "snapshot" of data, in sequence and once only, for all scannedchannels from x through y (y > x); when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485mode, returns data for Chn. x only.

SRC LOGIC SOURCE 5.a

SRC r = LIM, LAT [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of LATCHING "LIMIT LOGIC" for Bit r; if 0 ≤ r ≤ 7, a com-mand of LIO r = OUT [CR] must also be entered.

SRC r TO q = LIM, LAT [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of LATCHING "LIMIT LOGIC" for each bit from r through q(q > r).

SRC r = LIM, NON [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of NONLATCHING "LIMIT LOGIC" for Bit r; if 0 ≤ r ≤ 7, acommand of LIO r = OUT [CR] must also be entered.

SRC r TO q = LIM, NON [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of NONLATCHING "LIMIT LOGIC" for each bit from rthrough q (q > r).

(cont’d)

8.19


COMMAND DIRECTORY

* The channel-number argument “x” is required for SHP commands issued to a Model 4078 orMode 4K/HP; for the Model 4077, no channel number should be entered.

SRC r = EXT, NON [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of NONLATCHING "EXTERNAL CONTROL" for Bit r; if 0 ≤ r≤ 7, and the bit is to be controlled by an INPUT received at LOGIC I/O PORT No. r, acommand of LIO r = INP [CR] must also be entered; if 0 ≤ r ≤ 7, and the bit is to be con-trolled only by subsequent BIT, BIN, BCD, or HEX commands, a command of LIO r =OUT [CR] must also be entered.*

SRC r TO q = EXT, NON [CR]Specifies a LOGIC SOURCE of NONLATCHING "EXTERNAL CONTROL" for each bitfrom r through q (q > r).*

SRC r [CR]Reads the current LOGIC SOURCE of Bit r; returns LIM, LAT; LIM, NON; or EXT, NON.

SRC r TO q [CR]Reads the current LOGIC SOURCE of each bit from r through q (q > r).

STR STREAM** 7.a.1, 7.a.5, 7.bSTR [CR]

Continuously repeats transmission of current data for all scanned channels from theCOMPUTER INTERFACE PORT, in sequence, until terminated by ESCAPE (ESC) com-mand; outputs x,w,z [OPT] per channel, where x = Channel No.; w = data value (seeCHARACTERS PER CHANNEL (CPC) command); and z = LIMIT-ZONE Indicator No.(optional—see LIMITS (LIM) command). Output may be formatted in parallel columns(see COLUMNS (CLM) command).

STR x [CR]Continuously repeats transmission of current data for the scanned Chn. x only, until ter-minated by ESCAPE (ESC) command.

STR x TO y [CR]Continuously repeats transmission of current data for all scanned channels from xthrough y (y > x), until terminated by ESCAPE (ESC) command.

TAR TARE 7.e

TAR x = z [CR]"Tares" Chn. x by offsetting the output such that the existing input yields a reading of z;stores the "tare" offset in RAM memory.

TAR x TO y = z [CR]"Tares" all channels from x through y (y > x) and stores each "tare" offset value in RAMmemory.

TAR x [CR]Reads the "tare" offset established by the last TAR "WRITE" command applied to Chn.x; does not return z.

TAR x TO y [CR]Reads existing "tare" offsets for each channel from x through y (y > x).

TER TERMINATOR 3.b

TER = x [CR]Assigns Chn. x to be the upper limit of the SCAN RANGE (i.e., the TERMINATOR CHAN-NEL), so that the instrument will scan from Channel No. 1 through Channel No. x.

TER [CR]Reads current TERMINATOR CHANNEL; returns x.

TYP TYPE 3.c, 3.f.4, 3.i, Instrument Instruction Manual

TYP x = v [CR]Sets the "TYPE" designation for Chn. x, where v is a two-character hexadecimal codenumber specifying "special treatment" factors for the channel. EXCEPT FOR THE

8.20


COMMAND DIRECTORY

* A command of SRC r = EXT, LAT [CR] or SRC r TO q = EXT, LAT [CR] will NOT cause thebit(s) in question to be “latching.”

** STR is not recognized when the Computer Interface Port is set to RS-485 communicationsmode.

RESETTING OF A CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL OR ANALOG OUTPUT—DESCRIBEDIN SECTIONS 3.c.4 AND 3.i, RESPECTIVELY—THE 4000 INSTRUMENT OPERATOR WILLNOT NORMALLY BE REQUIRED TO APPLY THE TYPE (TYP) COMMAND. A completelist of 4000 TYPE CODES is nonetheless given in Appendix B, for reference.

TYP x TO y = v [CR]Sets to the same "TYPE" code v each channel from x through y (y > x).

TYP x [CR]Reads current "TYPE" code for Chn. x; returns v.

TYP x TO y [CR]Reads current "TYPE" code for each channel from x through y (y > x).

UNL UNLOCK 7.d

UNL [CR]Cancels LOK [CR] command; "unlocks" the DATA RAM, resuming automatic updatingof all scanned channels.

UNL x [CR]Cancels LOK x [CR] command; "unlocks" Chn. x only.

UNL x TO y [CR]Cancels LOK x TO y [CR] command; "unlocks" all channels from x through y only (y >x).

VER VERSION* Appendix C

VER [CR]Returns u,v where "u" is the instrument model number and "v" is the software versionlevel. The command is effective even when full configuration protection is in effectthrough a SECURITY CODE (SCD) command.

XBG EXECUTE BASE GROUP 5.d

XBG 1 = k [CR]Assigns the 4000 instrument's 16 EXECUTE (EXU) functions to Bit Group No. k, wherek = 1 or 2 (i.e., Bits 0-15 or 16-31, respectively). NOTE: The command XBG 2 = 2 isalways in effect.

XBG 1 [CR]Reads current EXECUTE (EXU) Bit Group; returns k.

ZRO ZERO 3.d.2, Instrument Instruction Manual

ZRO x = z [CR]When LNS x = 1 [CR] is in effect, sets the ZERO OFFSET ("b" term) for "REAL" Chn. x sothat the channel's existing input yields a reading of z; when used in "two-point" calibra-tion, must precede the FORCE (FRC) command. When LNS x > 1, enters the "zeropoint" in the LINEARIZATION TABLE for Chn. x.

ZRO x TO y = z [CR]"Zeros" each "REAL" channel from x through y to the same reading z (y > x).

ZRO x [CR]If Chn. x is a "REAL" channel, returns a number used internally for channel offsetting; ifChn. x is not a "REAL" channel, returns N/A.

ZRO x TO y [CR]For each channel from x through y (y > x), returns an offsetting number or N/A.

8.21


COMMAND DIRECTORY

* VER is NOT currently recognized by the Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP.


For individual model specifications, see the respective Instrument InstructionManual.

Physical: DIN package outline of extruded metal, with splash-resistant frontpanel; secure rear connections via screw terminals. Instrument weight approx-imately 3.5 lb (1.6 kg). For dimensions, see Fig. 18, below.

Input Voltage Range: 90-135 or 180-270 V-AC, selectable by rear-panel switch

Frequency Range: 47-63 Hz

Power In (Max): 35 W

Vehicle Operation ("V") Option: 11-18 V-DC, 30 W max.; available for all stan-dard units except Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP. Units with this optionmay not be operated at nominal 110 or 220 V-AC.

Operating Temperature Range: 0° C to +50° C (+32° F to +122° F)

Storage Temperature Range: -40°C to +80° C (-40° F to +176° F)

Operating Humidity Range: 10 to 95% max, noncondensing

A/D Conversion: 16-bit (±32000 count); 1000 finished engineering-unit answersper second, typical

Digital Filtering: Selectable from front panel or by FILTER (FIL) command (seeSection 3.e)

Internal 15-Segment Linearization: Programmable from front panel or by com-mand (see Section 3.d.2)

Serial Communications: 9-pin RS-232-C standard; 9-pin RS-485 optional with"N" (Networking) Option for all standard units except Models 4010, 4040,4078, and 4K/HP; standard baud rates up to 153.6K for both RS-232 and RS-485. RS-485 configuration allows operation as an individual data-collection"node" within a computer-controlled network. NOTE: RS-485 conversion isrequired at the computer's I/O port.

(cont’d)

A.1

GENERAL 4000 SERIES SPECIFICATIONS A

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Appendix AGeneral 4000 Series Specifications

7.21

.33

14.435.68

inchesmilli/in

mm

CHAN STEP SETUP

44000

ONLINEF1 F2 F4 SET

UPF3 F5

.23

23.119.10

1.02.40

.23

.09

AAAAAAAAAAA

AAA

AAA

Allow 2.5 in. (6.4 cm) in

rear for cable bend

DIMENSIONS IN INCHES/CM

.13 .09

2.84

Fig. 18 4000 Physical Dimensions

Parallel Communications: IEEE-488 interface available as option; requiresModel 10CIF488A Interface Adaptor

Logic Inputs and Outputs: TTL- and CMOS-compatible; isolated (±1500 V) frompower and communication ports. Negative-true outputs for limit monitoring(isolated +5 V provides up to 10 mA for driving external devices directly)

Inputs: Logic Volts Without Instru-Level (Operating) ment Damage

0 1.5 V (max) –0.5 V (min)1 3.5 V (min) 5.5 V (max)

Outputs: LogicLevel Voltage at Current

0 1 V (max) @ 10 mA (sink)1 2.4 V (min) @ 100 µA (source

Analog Output:

Configuration: Single-ended, return to SYSTEM COMMONRange: ±10 V, microprocessor driven and scaledResolution: ±1 mVAllowable Loading: 5 mA, max.Accuracy: 0.05% of current voltage reading ± 2 mVBandwidth: 40 Hz max.

A.2

A GENERAL 4000 SERIES SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Type Code Channel "Type"

00 ANALOG INPUT CHANNEL

E0 ANALOG OUTPUT as function of Channel No. y (ANO x = m(CHN y) + b)

F6 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(CHN y) + b

FC CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = (CHN y)/m + b

F0 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(CHN y + CHN z) + b

F1 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(CHN y – CHN z) + b

F2 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(CHN y)(CHN z) + b

F5 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = (CHN y)(CHN z)/m + b

F3 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(CHN y)/(CHN z) + b

F4 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = (CHN y)/(CHN z)m + b

F7 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m/(CHN y) + b

F8 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(SQR CHN y) + b

F9 CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(ABS CHN y) + b

FA CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(MAX CHN y) + b

FB CALCULATE PSEUDOCHANNEL of the form CLC x = m(MIN CHN y) + b

B.1

BASIC 4000 CHANNEL “TYPE” CODES B

4000 “TYPE” CODES

Appendix BBasic 4000 Channel “Type” Codes

B.2 This page intentionally blank.

C.1 INTRODUCTION

Many users "program" their own unique and imaginative 4000 instrument config-urations from the basic repertoire of functions described in this manual. Oftenthe developer of an application-specific configuration wishes to protect this con-figuration from deliberate or inadvertent alteration and/or "cloning."

All 4000 models except the 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP now have the ability toprotect the current instrument configuration from both interrogation and modifi-cation. By specifying a unique "password," the programmer in effect disablesthe instrument's standard responses to almost all mnemonic commands issuedby an external command source (keyboard, computer, or terminal).

C.2 LOADING THE SECURITY CODE: SCD

The password is set and immediately put into effect by the SECURITY CODE(SCD) command.

---------- WARNING! ----------ONCE A GIVEN SECURITY CODE HAS BEEN LOADED, RE-ENTERING THE CODEWORD BY MEANS OF A RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES (RPC) COMMANDLETS YOU CHANGE —BUT NOT INTERROGATE—THE INSTRUMENT CONFIGU-RATION. AFTER AN SCD COMMAND HAS BEEN APPLIED, THE ONLY WAY TOREGAIN FULL ACCESS TO THE CONFIGURATION IS TO REBOOT THE SYSTEM,AS EXPLAINED BELOW. REBOOTING, HOWEVER, WILL ALWAYS RE-INITIALIZETHE UNIT TO A DEFAULT CONFIGURATION. THE EXISTING CONFIGURATIONWILL BE LOST. FOR THIS REASON, IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED THATYOU

1. THOROUGHLY TEST THE CONFIGURATION YOU WISH TO PROTECT,TO VERIFY THAT IT IS PERFORMING PROPERLY—AND THEN

2. COPY THE CONFIGURATION TO DISK, USING THE "UPLOAD NODE CON-FIGURATION" ROUTINE IN THE STARTPAC 100 SOFTWARE.

DO THIS BEFORE YOU APPLY THE SECURITY CODE (SCD) COMMAND.

C.1

PROTECTING THE CONFIGURATION C

C.1 INTRODUCTION C.2 LOADING THE SECURITY CODE: SCD

Appendix CProtecting the Configuration

---------- PLEASE NOTE ----------

The commands discussed in this section apply to all 4000models except the Models 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP.

The general form of the SCD command is simplySCD = v [CR]

where "v" is a string of up to eight ASCII characters from "32" through "90"—i.e.,all upper-case letters; all numerals from 0 through 9; and the following charac-ters:

[space] ,! -" .# /$ :% ;& <' =( >) ?* @+

WARNING: If a command of SCD = [CR] is inadvertently entered (with noASCII-string argument), the terminating CARRIAGE RETURN (ASCII "13") will beinterpreted as the password being entered, and the security code will be setaccordingly to [CR].

For obvious reasons, SCD is a WRITE-ONLY command; there is no way you canforce the 4000 instrument to reveal its secret password (torture is of no avail).

In the instrument's "default" configuration (to which it automatically defaults uponrebooting), the security code is always OFF.

After an SCD command has been applied, the only commands issued by anexternal source (keyboard, computer, or terminal) to which the 4000 instrumentwill yield a normal response are DUMP (DMP), HARD COPY (HCY), SNAP-SHOT (SNP), RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES (RPC), VERSION (VER),REBOOT, and the "READ" forms of CHANNEL (CHN) and SET BIT (BIT). Whenthe instrument is a 4K/SPC version, the following commands are also unaffectedby SCD: SUBGROUP DONE (SGD), DUMP RANGE HISTORY (DRH), DUMPMEAN HISTORY (DMH), DUMP BAR RANGE (DBR), and BAR BAR MEAN(BBM)—see the Model 4K/SPC Instruction Manual.

On receipt of any other valid mnemonic command by a "configuration-protected"4000 instrument, a response of NO ACCESS will be invoked.

Commands applied by means of existing EXECUTE (EXU) and/or EXECUTEBUTTON (EXB) functions will not be affected by the presence of the securitycode.

C.3 RE-ENABLING PROGRAM CHANGES: RPC

As mentioned above, application of a RE-ENABLE PROGRAM CHANGES(RPC) command that contains the existing security code will allow the 4000instrument to respond to subsequent SETUP "WRITE" commands—but not to any"READ" commands—until full READ/WRITE security is re-established.

Thus, to allow temporary WRITE-ONLY access to the current instrument configu-ration, enter a command of

C.2

C PROTECTING THE CONFIGURATION

C.3 RE-ENABLING PROGRAM CHANGES: RPC

RPC = v [CR]

where "v" is the exact ASCII string entered via the SCD command, above.

After all desired setup changes have been made, you can re-establish full SCDprotection by commanding

RPC = 0 [CR]

C.4 REBOOTING THE SYSTEM: REBOOT

To re-initialize the 4000 instrument to its DEFAULT configuration, enter a com-mand of

REBOOT [CR]

The word "REBOOT" must be spelled out in full.

The "default" configuration to which the unit is rebooted is NOT the same as themodel-specific "STANDARD CONFIGURATION" mentioned in Section 1.a, whichis loaded prior to shipment of every instrument. In the default configuration, allsetup parameters are reset to appropriate neutral or inactive values ("0," "N/A,"etc.).

REMEMBER: THE ONLY WAY TO REGAIN FULL ACCESS TO THE SETUP CON-FIGURATION OF AN SCD-PROTECTED 4000 INSTRUMENT IS TO APPLY THEREBOOT COMMAND. IN THE PROCESS OF REBOOTING, HOWEVER, THE PRE-VIOUSLY PROTECTED CONFIGURATION IS IRRECOVERABLY LOST. SEE THE"WARNING" GIVEN ABOVE.

C.5 READING MODEL AND REVISION LEVEL: VER

The VERSION (VER) command can be used to ask any 4000 instrument exceptthe 4010, 4040, 4078, or 4K/HP for its MODEL NUMBER and SOFTWARE VER-SION LEVEL. The command form is simply

VER [CR]

This is a READ-ONLY command. The instrument will always respond to VER[CR]—even when SCD protection is ON—by giving both its model designation(e.g., 4077, 4K/SPC-62, etc.) and its software revision level (e.g., 2.20), the twovalues being separated by a comma.

Note that for all models except the 4010, 4040, 4078, and 4K/HP, VER replacesREL (SOFTWARE RELEASE DATE) in the list of channel configuration parametersthat can be called to display by the front-panel push buttons (discussed in Sec-tion 1.f of the respective Instrument Instruction Manual). Only the software revi-sion level will be displayed.

C.3

PROTECTING THE CONFIGURATION C

C.4 REBOOTING THE SYSTEM: REBOOT C.5 READING MODEL AND REVISION LEVEL: VER

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NEW 4K MAN COVERS - Daytronic · 2013-04-09 · applicable to the instrument model in question While a given 4000 instrument's "standard configuration" is adequate for many applications,