New Detector Deployment at ALS - SLACPortalWelcomePage · 2013. 2. 15. · Detector deployment at ALS 7 1st Beam Test on 5.3.1 • 20x480 CCD with slow readout system • Validates

BES Detector Workshop – August 1-3, 2012. Detector deployment at ALS 1

Detector Deployment at ALS

Dionisio Doering on behalf of the ALS/LBNL detector group

http://www.lbl.gov/


Goals and Outline

• Goals

– Discuss the detector system design and development • User driven effort

• Sensor and readout IC co-design

• Electronics, mechanics and cooling support systems

– Present the steps needed to go from a prototype to a detector on a beam-line • Based on the FastCCD developed at LBNL

– The challenges along the way

– The challenges in supporting a complex, non-commercial detector at multiple

light sources

• Outline

– Project initial concept

– Sensor need

– System design

– Readout electronics

– The fast CCD (FCCD)

– The compact FCCD (cFCCD)

– The 1k Frame Store CCD (1kFSCCD)

– Conclusions

http://www.lbl.gov/


What detector development would cause the

biggest improvement at the ALS?

1. X-ray photoconverts in phosphor

2. Photoelectron ionizes →scintillation

photons

3. Some distortion in fiber taper

4. Photons photoconvert in CCD

5. Collect the photoelectrons

6. Signal is digitized

7. Picture shows in the user’s monitor

Improve this detector by making it faster

-faster readout (factor 100)

-faster phosphor

Original specs for X-ray detector:

๏≥ 100 frames / s ๏15 bit dynamic range ๏8 bit resolution ๏sparse scan

The ubiquitous

detector (2003)

The initial

solution

http://www.lbl.gov/


Thick, Fully Depleted LBNL CCD

S. Holland SNAP- Super Nova Acceleration Probe

See P. Denes talk (yesterday) and

C. Tindal talk (today 1:30pm)

At VSUB = 115 V,

σD = 3.7 ± 0.2 μm MSL & DALSA collaboration

http://www.lbl.gov/


(almost) Column Parallel CCD

• LDRD effort

• Co-develop readout chip for

(a)cpCCD

– 20 x 480 as a test vehicle

• (before readout IC exists)

• Does the taper, metal strapping, … work?

– 480 x 480 as prototype

Constant area

taper

Mini-shift reg.

Output stage ~300 µm pitch

bond pads

(wire-bondable)

Metal strapping

4 port

CCD

96 port CCD

FCCD

http://www.lbl.gov/


Initial Tests at Low Speed with 4-port

20 x 480 CCD

• Prototype tests

– Verified (a)cpCCD structures

– Verified metal strapping

– Verified front an d back illumination operation

CCD

Interface board

An

alo

g (

DC

)

vo

ltag

es

Clo

cks

http://www.lbl.gov/


1st Beam Test on 5.3.1

• 20x480 CCD with slow readout

system

• Validates – (a)CP-CCD structure (taper)

– validates metal strapping

– excellent dark performance at low

temperature: 5 e-/pixel/hour

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 5 10

AD

C C

ha

nn

el

(Ave

rag

e)

x-ray Energy (keV)

P. Denes

http://www.lbl.gov/


SNAP->FCRIC Readout

• Fast CCD readout

– 16 channels per chip 0.25mm CMOS

– ADC pitch < 300 µm

– 10 x speed of CRIC

– Pre-amp., floating point readout, pipelined ADC

and digital calibration & control

• Version 1

– Works well but presents small non-linearity and

higher than expected PSRR

• Version 2

– improves non linearity and PSRR

CRIC 1

Floating-point FE

CRIC 2

⊕ Pipelined ADC CRIC 3

⊕ Digital Calibration / Control

FCRIC

16 channels, 1MHz

2006

http://www.lbl.gov/


FCRIC - Floating Point Readout

• Floating point readout

– Covers large dynamic range

– Quantization error is always

smaller than photo statistics

– Enables

• Use of13 bit ADC (easier to

make)

• 15 bit dynamic range

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05

Incident Photons

Res

olu

tio

n

http://www.lbl.gov/


FCRIC – preamp, integrator, CDS

• 16 channels

• Gain 8, 2, 1

• 12 + 1 bit ADC

• Covers 15-bit dynamic range

• Quantization error always < photostatistics

• CDS – correlated double sampling

±

Preamp Multi-gain

integrator CDS Pipelined ADC

Voltage integrator

Output =

Optimal noise filtering

Switched cap preserves charge

VRdt VSdt

http://www.lbl.gov/


X-ray camera system – block diagram

Sensor (a)cpCCD

Timing&

control unit

sensor

control sig.

Power

supply

support

mechanics

In vacuum front end system

readout (96 port)

cooling

clock & bias

drivers

Back-end electronics

software

User interface

data

storage

http://www.lbl.gov/


Camera head – planar version

• Requirement for the camera head

– Work in vacuum, HV to UHV (ALS is a Soft X-ray facility)

– Cool sensor and readout chips to -50C (reduce leakage current & thermal noise)

• Silicon wafer used as mechanical support

– Good thermal conductor

– Good CTE match to the detector (also silicon)

• Version 1

– Wire-bond job was very difficult

– presented crosstalk

• Version 2

– System was improved • Wire-bonding 100% successful

• no observable crosstalk

– Camera ready to be used.

http://www.lbl.gov/


FCCD Readout

ANL/LBNL partnership

2

FCCD Block Diagram

CCD

480 x

480

10

columns

per

analog

out

½ row

per

output

Each FRIC has

1 SPI-Like I/O

bus and 4

LVDS output

streamsFRIC 1

Analog

Outputs

:FRIC 6

:

Power Supplies

LBNL FCCD DAS Electronics

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Clock Module 2

Clock Module 1

Data Module 1

Interface to

3 FRICs

Data Module 2

Interface to

3 FRICs

Interface

Module

Camera

Link 1

Camera

Link 2

Front End Electronics Back End Electronics

Interlock?

Temperature

Controller

SPI - Like

Data

Data

Data

Data

FRIC 2&3

FRIC 4&5

SPI - Like

Data

Data

Data

Data

2008

http://www.lbl.gov/http://www.lbl.gov/


ANL/LBNL partnership (cont’d)

• Image server

– Major software development

– Integrated with the FCCD

• Sensor characterization

– Visible light characterization

– X-ray lab characterization

APS FCCD kart APS BL 8ID

http://www.lbl.gov/


FCCD at 5.3.1 detector development BL

• FCCD sensor – 200μm thick

– ISDP back process

• Calibrate with fluorescence

photons. – Detects photons with energy

> 10 keV but ε < 1.

Sample

holder

FCCD

Primary beam sample

http://www.lbl.gov/


Soldering ... an example

Tin melting ~232 C

Sudden grain rotation

and splitting before melt?

X-ray CCD camera

Sample on

x-y stage

KB optics

Monochromatic

or white light

2.7 min. with FastCCD (at 20 Hz - disk write limited for this test)

6.2 hrs. with MAR133

MAR133 sample scan

FCCD single shot

http://www.lbl.gov/


Fast Energy-resolved Laue Diffraction

17

Potassium Titanyl Phosphate KTiOPO4 (or KTP)

๏ FastCCD at high readout rate → single photon counting (spectroscopy) ๏ Fast alternative to monochromator energy scan ๏ Promising - larger detector area needed

http://www.lbl.gov/


Zone plate aperture

CCD

Energy: = 750 eV

Focus= = 300 nm

Flux (phot/s) = 4 107

Oversampling = x 9.6

max resolution = 9 nm

03/2009 Draft

08/2009 Deploy 08/2009 Measure

10 nm should be possible in near future

Ptychography

Improvements needed:

• Compact, movable camera

http://www.lbl.gov/


FCCD next experiment:

Resonant X-ray Scattering

Colossalness comes from competition between different ground states. Need to study the static/dynamic orderings

How to study the dynamics of CO/OO phase? Pump (laser) – probe (X-ray) RXS?

๏ cFCCD for LCLS Hutch 2 (delivery goal early 2010)

๏ 120 fps ๏ Time resolution on event by event

(DT from laser to x-ray varies from

pulse to pulse)

http://www.lbl.gov/


1. Need compact FCCD (cFCCD)

2. Detector and sample are movable

3. Two Rotations:

• 360o in the horizontal plane.

• 100o in the vertical plane.

Need for compact, movable detector

ALS @ BL8

LCLS @ Hutch 2

Folding

New cooling

Long cables

http://www.lbl.gov/


Prototype (front-illuminated)

Compact Fast CCD (cFCCD)

12.2009

03.2010

http://www.lbl.gov/


cFCCD at beam line 8 at ALS

Data taken at 854 eV, Ni L-edge.

04.2010

http://www.lbl.gov/


LCLS Hutch 2 SXR – July 2010

1st SXR run July / August

Used by all 3 groups

Example data from

Steve Johnson

[email protected]

Paul Beaud

[email protected]

cFCCD is in operation!

http://www.lbl.gov/


The cFCCD use

At LCLS

• 2010 (21 shifts) – Wei-Sheng Lee (800nm pump, La2-xSrxNiO4, Nature

communication published), (5 shifts)

– Steve Johnson (800nm pump, CuO, PRL published), (5

shifts)

– Hermann Duerr (800nm pump, magnetite, in preparation),

(last few hours)

– Wei-Sheng Lee (IR pump, La2-xSrxNiO4, unpublished), (5

shifts)

– Andrea Cavelleri (800nm, IR La2-xSrxMnO4, PRB

published), (5 shifts)

• 2011 (14 shifts) – A. Cavalleri (IR/800nm pump, La2-xBaxCuO4, unpublished),

(4 shifts)

– S.Y. Zhou (IR/800nm pump, Pr1-xCaxMnO3, unpublished),

(4 shifts)

– J. Turner (800nm pump, Nd2-xSrxMnO4, unpublished), (2

shifts)

– R. Tobey (800nm pump, ErMn2O5, unpublished), (4 shifts)

• 2012 (5 shifts) – U. Staub (THz, TbMnO3), (5 shifts)

At ALS

• 2010 (21 shifts) – Jan ~ Jun: 21 shifts


– Jul ~ Dec: 55 shifts


– Jul ~ Dec: 73 shifts

• Expected future usage • LCLS 15+ shifts/year

• ALS 100+ shifts/year

• Challenges include: • Transportation (Broke camera #1)

• Software integration (several months!)

• Support during runs (several nights!!!)

• Improvements needed • Larger active area

• In vacuum clock drivers

http://www.lbl.gov/


(Un-fulfilled) Detector Needs at the ALS

Consensus:

๏fast, 2D detectors ๏moderate size/number of pixels in most cases

๏Majority soft x-ray ๏some hard x-ray ๏some low energy electrons ๏ 8 systems

๏ 2009 workshop: ‣ 1k Frame Store ‣ diffraction option ๏ ATCA-based DAQ ๏ Delivered in 2 yrs.

http://www.lbl.gov/


Needs Addressed with 1kFSCCDs

STXM μXRF,μXRD,μXAS

Ptychography

Scanning μDiffraction

XPCS

High Pressure Melting

Photon in / photon out

Tomography

Photoemission (phosphor)

http://www.lbl.gov/


(New) R&D CCD – 1k Frame Store

FY09 LDRD Wafer

First wafers received in 9/2010

• 30 x 30 mm pixel

• 1920x960 pixels (8 times the area of cFCCD)

• Thick 200-650mm

• 200fps

• Data volume ~ 400MB/s (HD 250GB -> ~10 min)

1kFSCCD

http://www.lbl.gov/


1k Frame Store CCD camera head

• Top board

• Bias board

• Digitizer board

• Frame store mask

• Temperature sensors

• Vacuum chamber

clock & bias

board

sensor

board

digitizer

boards

Diffraction

CCD

3 x 1kFSCCD

1kFSCCD camera head

http://www.lbl.gov/http://www.lbl.gov/http://www.lbl.gov/


16 channel buffer chip

• Parasitic capacitance leads to

a long CCD output rise time

• Buffer chip

– 0.35 mm high voltage CMOS

– Provide bias for the detector

– Recover gain

Input:

2.1ns

Output:

3.7ns

Out(mVpp) =

(1.02±0.75) + (0.963±0.004)·Input (mVpp)

CCD output

rise time : 400 ns

Vreset

Vout

Vsclk

Vsw

http://www.lbl.gov/


New ATCA based system

RAID Array

Node

User

Client

Camera Head

Shelf

Manager

10 GbE Network

1 GbE Network

Custom Interface

Custom

Timing

Module

Data Capture

Module Fabric

Switch

Hub Sys. Config.

Module

GUI Interface

Module

Processor Node

Camera Interface Node

Digital

PSU

ATCA Chassis Network Connections

http://www.lbl.gov/


New ATCA based system

• Image processing

• Dark image subtraction, Gain correction

• Zero suppression, Digital integration, Binning

• Camera head communication

– Copper cables

– Being replaced by fiber optics module Fiber optics module

Camera Interface Node (CIN)

ATCA crate

http://www.lbl.gov/


Software

• QT framework

– Multi platform

– Open source

• Camera control software

– Control camera

– System development

– Save data to disk

– Beyond this software

• Post processing

• BL specific

– x,y,z, stages

– interlock

– Scripts

• Communication protocol UDP • Easy to interface

• Efficient for large data transfers

http://www.lbl.gov/


Cooling for 1kFSCCD

• Immersion chiller

– < -50C cooling system for the top board

– < +20C cooling system for the clock and bias board

– 75W cooling capacity at -55C

Prototype cooling system (Peltier based)

Final cooling system (immersion chiller)

1kFSCCD camera head

http://www.lbl.gov/


1kFSCCD being used at ALS

• ALS at beam line 5.3.1

– Sensor tests & calibration

• ALS at beam line 8.3.2

– Imaging techniques development

(coded aperture)

new systems are in production and will be delivered to ALS (8x), APS (2x) and (1x) EXFEL

A few more will be produced to other places, contracts under negotiation.

Power

supply

ATCA

system

1kFS

CCD

chiller

http://www.lbl.gov/


Conclusion • ALS detector group support

pillars

• Just starting a “detector group”

• Effort to develop and support

complex detectors is under-

estimated

• Future cameras will not be easier

• Faster detectors

• More readout channels

• More power

• More data

• More integration

• More “intelligence” in or near the

sensor

IC Design

Group

Electronic

Systems

Group

Semiconductor

Detector

Group

Engineering

Division

Detector

group at ALS

National

Center for

Electron

Microscopy

Physics

Division

External

collaboration

(ANL/APS)

Mechanical

Eng. Group

http://www.lbl.gov/


Thanks!
http://www.lbl.gov/

Documents

New Detector Deployment at ALS - SLACPortalWelcomePage · 2013. 2. 15. · Detector deployment at ALS 7 1st Beam Test on 5.3.1 • 20x480 CCD with slow readout system • Validates